Career guidance materials. To help unemployed adults navigate in-demand professions and help them correlate their personal qualities with the professionally important qualities of professions, we offer the career guidance series “Vseumely”

Municipal educational institution

average comprehensive school No. 50 with recessed

studying individual subjects of the city. Samara.

Methodological development for career guidance:

In the world of professions.

Samara 2010-2011 academic year Goals:
- introduce students to the diverse world of the profession;
- identify students’ existing knowledge about professions;
- expand the knowledge, horizons, and vocabulary of students;
- to form a cognitive interest in working people and their professions;
- cultivate respect for people of different professions.

1. Introduction.

Choice of profession. What a huge meaning is filled with a seemingly familiar phrase, how many hidden emotions, anxieties, expectations, problems are hidden in it!

After all, this is not just a successful or unsuccessful decision made in youth, but often an established or broken fate, an active, creative, joyful life or a passive, indifferent existence, finally, this is one of the most important components and conditions of human happiness, the consciousness of one’s need for people or the feeling “ little man." Who to become?

A person chooses a business. But business also chooses a person. How to make their interests coincide? What do you need to know to make the right, conscious choice?

Firstly, know yourself, know what you want, what you can do best. This can only be learned through activity, through communication with others. It is necessary to offer the student the most different types labor, by engaging in which he can try them on for himself, test himself.

Third, a student wants to find a profession, people need, opening up space for creativity, initiative, and independence. This means that it is necessary to show the social importance of each profession.

Fourth, you need to know the requirements that the profession places on a person (including health status, physical development), as well as what qualities of character, level of culture and education ensure the achievement of professional heights.

2. Main part

Each teenager has his own idea of ​​professional labor activity. It is necessary to identify the range of professions that are most significant for a particular student.

Answer the question: do I want to continue doing what my parents do (pros and cons).

Leading.

The day will come when school ends and you will be faced with the question “what should I become?” Your future path in life largely depends on how correctly you choose your future profession and how much you like it. And in order to choose the right profession for yourself, you need to know what people in this profession do and its characteristics.

Leading.

If we turn to the Russian language dictionary, we will read that a profession is a type of work activity, an occupation that requires certain training and is usually a source of existence.

Speciality- a separate branch of science, technology, craftsmanship or art; the same as profession.

Qualification - the degree of preparation for any type of work, the level of preparedness.

Is it possible to know the world of professions? It is practically boundless. We will try to find out only a small part of it.

4 Presenter.

When the problem of choosing a profession faced our ancestors, how did they solve it?

After the abolition of serfdom (1861), especially in the 90s of the 19th century, a labor market took shape in Russia, and large machine factories grew at a rapid pace. The network of professional educational institutions. School teachers began to understand that it is not enough to give children knowledge, it is important to prepare them for independent adult life. Help in choosing a profession has become a pressing issue.

In large cities, offices appeared where one could find out about vacancies in factories and factories. However, the organizers of this type of service demanded high pay, and often clients became dependent; people who came for help were exploited and humiliated. At the end of the 19th century. city ​​intermediary bureaus were established - they already provide information about work free of charge. In Moscow, such bureaus began operating in 1897, and later similar services arose in other industrial centers. At first the bureaus acted as public organizations, but during the First World War they became de facto labor exchanges and received the status of state institutions.

An organizational basis has emerged for the work of teachers, doctors, economists and psychologists to support people in choosing a profession, “searching for work” for teenagers.

The scientific foundation in this area was formed by the work of hygienists who studied occupational diseases. Thus, at the expense of the Moscow zemstvo, S.M. Bogoslovsky’s book “The System professional classification"(1913), which was used in career guidance work by many teachers and psychologists.

Leading.

There are professions that cannot be practiced until old age. Nature imposes its own limitations on human activity. What professions are these?

When choosing a “short” profession, you need to be prepared for the fact that sooner or later you will have to decide what to do next.

It is unique not only in the sense that over the forty-odd years of the history of astronautics around the globe, only a small number of people have mastered it, but also in a number of inherent features and circumstances accompanying its development. Unique in terms of training conditions and set of requirements. The most difficult task is controlling the ship, working in outer space. At its core, the profession is close to that of an operator: the astronaut deals with big amount technology and information.

Mosaicist. Nowadays this is a rare profession. You need to have artistic abilities, a keen sense of color, shades, texture, and be able to see a particle of the whole image in a tiny fragment. And it is also important to be very patient, hardworking and persistent. You can learn a profession at a specialized art educational institution - for example, at the department of monumental painting of the Stroganov Moscow State University of Art and Industry. You can become an apprentice mosaic artist.

Leading.

We have reminded you only of a small fraction of what exists in the world of professions.

We encourage you to test what suits you best.

While the test results are being summed up, you can conduct a career guidance game.

The goal of the game is to increase the level of awareness of possible obstacles on the path to professional goals and ideas about ways to overcome these obstacles.

This game exercise is carried out in a circle, the number of participants is 6-8 or 12-15. Time 20-30 min.

Stage 1. Together with the group, a specific professional goal is determined (entry to a specific educational institution; graduation from a given institution; registration for a specific job or a specific professional achievement, including building a career and receiving awards, bonuses...)

Stage 2. The group selects a volunteer who will “represent” the hero or himself.

Stage 3. General instructions: “Now everyone, already knowing what goals our main character is striving for, will have to identify for him some difficulties on the way to his professional goal.

We pay special attention to the fact that difficulties can be both external, coming from other people or from some circumstances, and internal, contained within the person himself.

It is these difficulties that many often forget about. It is advisable to identify two or three such difficulties. When identifying difficulties, everyone must think about how to overcome them.

The main player is given time to identify several of the most likely difficulties on the way to his goal and prepare to answer how he plans to overcome them.

After this, everyone in turn will name one difficulty - a trap, and the main player must immediately say how this difficulty could be overcome. The player who names this difficulty will also have to say how it could be overcome.

The facilitator, with the help of the group, will determine whose coping option turned out to be the most optimal.

The winner will be given a +. If by the end of the game the main player has more advantages, it means that he was able to overcome the main difficulties on the way to his goal.

Stage 8. The host, with the help of the other players, determines whose option is more interesting.

Conclusion.

There are a lot of professions. Therefore, it is difficult to choose.

And the force with which you can overcome this difficulty is awareness, human awareness. Useful information about the world of professions, about the paths vocational education- this is what you need when thinking about your future professional path.

This development will help students find out what they want and what they can do best, test themselves in activities where they can best realize their inner potential, which opens up space for creativity, initiative, and, therefore, make the right, conscious choice of profession.

Bibliography.

Materials on career guidance for specialists: videos, cartoons for schoolchildren and adults.

For developmental lessons about professions and work with preschoolers cartoons offered" IN THE WORLD OF PROFESSIONS ".

Colorful cartoon poems about a variety of professions for children and preschoolers. For the convenience of the teacher conducting developmental classes, a detailed lesson script with questions, riddles, and thematic games is provided.

To conduct career guidance classes with primary and secondary school students - animated series " NAVIGATUM Kaleidoscope of Professions ".

Each episode lasts about 6.5 minutes and is a capacious story about a specific profession. What does this professional do, what is his workplace, what personal qualities are required, where you can get a profession and how long to study, what material and career prospects are - and much more. Each cartoon has a game plot, which makes it interesting for schoolchildren, and career guidance an exciting activity. For the convenience of teachers, each cartoon is offered detailed description the entire course of the lesson, divided by difficulty level (age), useful additional information, questions for discussion, and a small game are included.

For work with high school students we recommend videos about professions and choice of life path.

Modern videos from the perspective of schoolchildren who are thinking about choosing their future profession and places of study, about developing an individual trajectory of their educational, professional and personal path.

For help unemployed adults to navigate in-demand professions and help correlate your personal qualities with the professionally important qualities of professions, we offer a career guidance series " ALL-SABLE ".

Each episode lasts 6 minutes and talks about the profession from the perspective of an adult.

This product provides specific assistance in overcoming fear due to a change in activity, search new job. Provides detailed, up-to-date overview of in-demand workers and engineering professions. After watching the episode, an adult can take an express questionnaire to get an answer to the question of whether this profession is suitable for him or not. This test allows you to determine the correspondence between personal qualities and professionally important qualities of the profession.

For psychological support and motivation unemployed citizens are recommended to pay attention to specialized products for psychologists .

This is a unique and effective tool for conducting group and individual sessions with a psychologist. If you need to relieve fears, overcome stress or uncertainty, give motivation to personal growth and problem solving - materials with parables and exercises will help you. Convenient to use, easy to select the desired fragment, availability of video and audio versions - this material will become an indispensable assistant in your work!

For informing unemployed citizens for self-employment We offer a selection of video materials " I'M A BUSINESSMAN ".

Identify the abilities and degree of readiness of the unemployed to entrepreneurial activity, clearly inform about the procedure and conditions for providing financial assistance from Employment Centers; provide succinct and understandable information and recommendations on preparing a business plan, the necessary entrepreneurial skills and knowledge, the basics of entrepreneurship, and much more.

To work with unemployed citizens, we offer materials on SOCIAL ADAPTATION .

Visual and easy-to-use materials with recommendations on job search, rules for writing a resume, preparing for self-presentation and conducting an interview.

We will promptly prepare an offer for you and contact you in a convenient way (by e-mail, Skype or phone).

Bachelor's or Master's In 2000, our country signed the Bologna Agreement, thereby committing to switch to the education system adopted in Europe by 2010. level; (postgraduate) The reform is aimed at ensuring that we ultimately enter a single European educational space and Russian diplomas become recognized in the world. According to the agreement, intergovernmental forecasts of ministry officials will speed up agreements on the mutual recognition of diplomas. Until now, such agreements have been signed only with France, Great Britain and Germany. The Bologna principles presuppose, first of all, a transition to a two-level education system “bachelor - master”, quality assessment on a pan-European scale, and the issuance of international diplomas. In accordance with the requirements of the Bologna Process in modern Europe, a bachelor is considered from four positions, and accordingly the types are distinguished: bachelor by profession (specialty); Bachelor with broad basic training, which gives the opportunity to realize oneself in many fields of activity; Bachelor with broad basic training, which involves continuing education at a Master's degree. Bachelor is a scientific (academic) degree that allows its holder to master educational programs in relevant areas of specialization. It would seem that the words new to our education - bachelor and master - actually denote the realities of education characteristic of many countries, including pre-revolutionary Russia, where a number of famous figures had these degrees. The word “bachelor” (from Latin - Baccalaureus laureatus) had a romantic, beautiful meaning and meant “crowned with a laurel wreath.” The word “master” is also of Latin origin (from magister), but its meaning is more prosaic, although more significant - boss, mentor. In addition, it had another meaning. The head of a medieval monastic or knightly order was called a master. Modern interpretation words depend on what country we're talking about, and what educational system the word refers to. Concerning modern Russia, then our words “bachelor” and “master” are experiencing a rebirth. But now this birth is much more painful, because for many decades the place of the words in question was occupied by the word “specialist,” which was used to call a person who received a higher education. Now the difference between the concepts put into words and people receiving higher education at different levels is manifested not only in the amount of time allocated to training, but also in the content of education and in the final results of training - competencies. A future bachelor studies for four years, a specialist for at least five years, and a master for six to seven years. A bachelor in the field of engineering and technology must have production-technological, experimental-research and operational skills, and a master must be able to perform design, design, technological, and research tasks. There are many more questions about the true content of the word “bachelor” than real answers. Until final answers to many questions are found, the word “bachelor” will not be filled with sufficiently transparent and understandable content. And so far, unfortunately, with calculations and design,

bachelor's degree graduates in real life They are faced with a phenomenon where some officials do not hire them, citing the fact that bachelors “do not have higher education.” What about the word “specialist”? In Russian, this word has two main meanings. Firstly, this is someone who is professionally proficient in any specialty and works with special knowledge in any field of science, technology, or art. Secondly, in colloquial speech a specialist is someone who is especially knowledgeable and skilled in something; master of his craft. There is also a colloquial version of the word - special. In the first years of Soviet power, a specialist was called a specialist who, by his origin, came from a proletarian environment (do not confuse it with the abbreviation used in complex words to mean “special”: special department, special clothing, special school). The threat of moving into the passive part of the language hangs over the word “specialist”. The fate of the word is in the hands of officials who determine the strategy for the development of education in Russia. But let’s return to “bachelors” and “masters”. Probably, in order for words to take root in the language and find their place, a clear social and educational policy is needed. In addition, it is impossible to do without a certain breaking of thinking stereotypes. It is necessary to get used to the realities of the new time, to the fact that the system higher education can be multi-stage, and for masters. And what level of education to choose is up to you! and find a place for bachelors in it, How to choose a profession - for beginners

If you have dreamed of becoming a doctor or an astronaut since childhood, and still do not doubt the correctness of your choice, you have no problems. No matter what your mother and grandmother say, you study textbooks on chemistry or biology with the tenacity of a fanatic, or attend the “young physics” club and have a good idea of ​​what you will do after graduating from school. If so, then you are lucky. Because many kids have absolutely no idea “who to be” and where to go and whether to go at all when the long-awaited last school bell rings. Difficulties in professional self-determination usually arise in two categories of children. The first ones have not yet found anything interesting in this life. It so happened that the teachers were not able to create in them a love for any subjects, and their talents are still buried in the ground. Such guys can study well, but they are not interested in anything, their life is rather boring or simply monotonous. So they can’t decide what they would like to do because nothing particularly attracts them from what surrounds them in the world. And what to choose from? As a rule, they do not know what their father’s job is, who an ichthyologist is, and generally have little knowledge of the world of professions. The second category of children is very active both in their studies and in various other forms of activity. They are interested in everything, they simultaneously attend three clubs, five electives and ten sports sections. Moreover, they succeed. As they say, if a person is talented, he is talented in everything. This miracle child achieves success in everything he does. However... he also cannot determine what he likes more, what he would like to connect his life with. How to understand yourself? Psychologists believe that when choosing a profession, the correspondence between a person’s psychological characteristics and the corresponding characteristics of the profession is very important. The profession should be INTERESTING. If you like animals and plants, then you will be interested in your professional activity collide with objects of living nature. If you love technology, your interest in it will support you in your work as a design engineer or theoretical physicist. Any profession requires that a person have so-called “professionally important qualities”, for example, attention is important for a proofreader, imaginative thinking for an artist, etc. Therefore, when choosing a certain profession, do you have ABILITIES that correspond to professionally important qualities? In a situation of doubt, choose the profession where your abilities will be maximally realized; in this activity you will achieve the greatest success. It is important to realize, Finally, the type of professional activity being carried out must coincide with your PERSONAL, characterological type. For example, if you are sociable, professions associated with numerous contacts will be more suitable for you, but if you are emotionally unstable, you will not be able to perform routine activities that require concentration for a long time.

So, in order to choose a profession, you must first know yourself. You probably often ask yourself questions: “What am I?”, “Who am I in this world?”, “Why do I live?” A simple exercise will help you get to know yourself better and partially answer these questions (you will never answer them completely): look at yourself through the eyes of another person. A specific person whom you know well, say, a friend or deskmate, mother or girlfriend. Try to explain your actions the way another person would do without knowing their true motives. You will understand how other people see you, but, on the other hand, you will get rid of subjectivity, because, as you know, there is not a log in your own eye. Your character is still just being formed, so you don’t need to label yourself and give up the profession of an artist just because you are supposedly “shy.” Fight, work on yourself, get to know yourself. And remember that a person’s mental properties (be they abilities, interests or character traits) are extremely flexible, changing qualities. There are many cases where a person who has no ability for music, but passionately wants to study it, managed to develop an ear for music. The main thing is interest; remember: abilities are formed in activity. Get used to working, working hard. You won't get far on abilities alone. On the other hand, interest is also not a completely stable thing. Many kids think they love a certain subject, but in fact they really like the teacher. In addition, it is difficult to understand whether you will like psychology or economics; you didn’t study anything like that at school... In order not to make mistakes, you need to expand your horizons in relation to the world of professions. Ask adults questions about their professional activities; as a rule, people are happy to talk about their current work and their student years. Then you will be able to consciously decide whether this area is interesting to you, or whether all you know about the specialty for which you are applying is its name... So, having understood your abilities, interests and personal traits, you begin to choose not a profession but a university or faculty. Find out which majors and specializations correspond to the type of activity you are interested in. This is not always a one-to-one correspondence (for example, to repair computers, you need to obtain a specialty in radio electronics). The decision-making should be based on many factors of a non-psychological nature: the reputation of the university and the competition, the opinion of friends, parents, the cost of education. Don’t be lazy and write down the pros and cons of each option on a separate piece of paper. Analyze the data with friends and family. And always remember: the final choice is yours, because by choosing a profession, you choose your destiny. A profession should bring pleasure (positive emotions to you) and ensure the maximum realization of your capabilities (benefit to society).

In the modern world, the requirements for psychophysiological individual characteristics people are steadily growing, and the goals and nature of work, thanks to market relations, present people with the need for increasingly higher professionalism in their chosen profession, readiness for constant improvement of qualifications and personal development. In such a situation, school vocational guidance becomes more relevant than ever and should provide quality training for students of all ages.

is a set of actions to identify schoolchildren’s aptitudes and talents for certain types of professional activities, as well as a system of actions aimed at developing readiness for work and helping in choosing a career path. It is implemented directly during the educational process, as well as in extracurricular and extracurricular work with students and their parents.

Preparing students for an independent, conscious choice of profession should be an obligatory part of the harmonious development of each individual and inextricably considered in conjunction with the physical, emotional, intellectual, labor, aesthetic education of the student, i.e. be integrated into the entire educational process, and therefore career guidance work in schools is one of the most important components in the development of both an individual and society as a whole.

Goals of school career guidance work

Objectives of school career guidance work

• Conducting information work with students: familiarization with professional profiles, information about current and future needs in the labor market, working conditions and possible wages, further development within the chosen profession
• Obtaining, studying and using information about the capabilities, inclinations, and interests of schoolchildren in order to help them make their own choice of profession.
• Development and implementation of a large number of different options for specialized training: programs, lessons, forms, methods, excursions, etc.
• Support for schoolchildren at risk who may have problems finding employment: those who are lagging behind in their studies, those from special education classes.
• Together with institutions of higher or secondary vocational education, ensure the preparation and smooth transition of students to the next level of education.

Main components of vocational guidance for school students

Since vocational guidance as a whole is a large, complex system that includes many aspects and directions, five main components can be distinguished: economic, medical-physiological, pedagogical, psychological and social.

Economic component– consists of studying the structure labor resources labor market from a demographic point of view, working conditions, professional incompetence of the resulting workers, ways to increase motivation to work. It is also a process of assistance and gentle guidance in choosing a particular specialty, taking into account both the interests of the child and the planned needs of the market.

Medical and physiological component– assistance in choosing a profession, taking into account the student’s individual physical capabilities or medical contraindications. Familiarize students with the requirements of various professions.

Pedagogical component– consists of instilling in schoolchildren socially significant reasons and motives for choosing a profession.

Psychological component– reliable study, identification psychological aspects professional suitability, personality structure and the formation of a specific professional orientation.

Social component– consists of studying various information related to professions or the labor market as a whole: popularity, prestige, profitability, public opinion, degree of satisfaction with the chosen profession. Also, in the social component of career guidance, work is being done to form value orientations among schoolchildren for an informed choice of a future profession.

Career guidance at school is undoubtedly a necessary component along with basic education, and thanks to constant work on building an integrated system, taking into account the individual and age characteristics of students, children have the opportunity to independently decide on a profession, engage research projects for the purpose of development and deeper acquaintance with professions with the help of teachers and parents.

To be most effective, career guidance should be an ongoing process that begins as early as kindergarten, smoothly transitions to school and continuously accompanies the student throughout his entire educational journey until graduation, gently helping and guiding him. Thus, the starting point of the difficult path to choosing a profession is the senior groups of the kindergarten, where, in a playful way, the child gets an idea of ​​work, the diversity of the world of professions, respect for other people’s work and the desire to choose the best and best are instilled in them. an interesting profession. Role-playing games They help both parents and educators, as well as the child himself. The former get an idea of ​​the desires, inclinations and abilities of children, while the latter, in addition to simply having an interesting time spent, begin to acquire skills and abilities useful in later life, trying on one profession or another. Vocational guidance in kindergarten is described in more detail in our material “Career Guidance for Preschool Children.”

In school career guidance, it is advisable to distinguish 4 large stages, differing in goals, objectives and methods used, depending on the age of the students:

Primary school, grades 1-4

At this stage, the acquaintance with professions that began in kindergarten continues through career guidance lessons with invited specialists, excursions, thematic extracurricular activities, matinees, etc. For schoolchildren primary classes a value attitude towards work is formed through direct inclusion in different kinds educational and cognitive activities (play, work, social, research) interests and the need to learn develop.

Already in primary school It is important not to miss the moment and to interest the children in the upcoming choice of profession in time. It will be of great help a large number of clubs, additional hobby classes. For students from the 3rd grade, psychological games and activities can be gradually introduced.

To obtain detailed material on the possibilities and structure of career guidance work in elementary school, you can refer to the article “Career guidance in elementary school, grades 1-4.”

Middle school, grades 5-7

As children enter secondary school, career guidance continues with a variety of games: business, career guidance, and psychological. This achieves an expansion of knowledge about the world of professions and provides the opportunity to take the first steps towards choosing a profession that is interesting to oneself. Schoolchildren begin to realize their interests and capabilities, acquire basic ideas about the areas of possible specialties, and become familiar with the requirements of various professions.

A detailed description of career guidance work at this stage can be read in the material “Career Guidance in Secondary School, Grades 5-7.”

Secondary school, grades 8-9

With the approach of the first graduating class and the first serious state exams, career guidance work moves from games and excursions to targeted assistance by students in further educational profiles, which will narrow the range of possible choice of professions and facilitate further educational and work paths.

In grades 8-9, active diagnostic work by a school psychologist begins, and lessons on conscious choice of profession are conducted. Schoolchildren study more serious professions that place increased demands on employees (Ministry of Emergency Situations, education, medicine, etc.). Optional classes and in-depth interest groups begin to play an even greater role in realizing one’s own values ​​and interests and making an informed choice of profession.

The school psychologist, together with teachers, provides individual and group consultations on the choice of a particular profession, the adequate balance of interests, abilities, health of the child and the requirements of the profession.

A separate material, “Career Guidance in Secondary School, Grades 8-9,” is devoted to graduating from high school.

High school students, grades 10-11

This is the most important stage of school career guidance, the success of which largely depends on quality work in primary and secondary schools. The school psychologist further expands his consulting activities for students and their parents. The school hosts presentations from leading universities in the city and organizes excursions to open days.

Much attention is paid to self-development and self-training of high school students, discussion and possible adjustments for further professional plans, preferences for the chosen professions are finally formed, and readiness for them is assessed.

The article “Career Guidance for High School Students, Grades 10-11” offers a detailed description of the process of career guidance in high school, the selection of the necessary Unified State Exams and the necessary steps for admission to a higher educational institution.

Working with students

• Meetings with interesting people, representatives of professions, representatives of higher educational institutions and employer companies.
• Excursions to enterprises and universities.
• Extracurricular activities, interest groups, in-depth study of subjects.
• Help determine need additional education and choosing courses at school or outside of it.
• Questioning students.
• Comprehensive career guidance support throughout the entire period of schooling (consultations, testing, classes, trainings, etc.).

Working with parents

• Individual conversations and consultations for parents of students.
• Lectures for interested parents about their contribution to their child’s choice of profession and receiving an appropriate education.
• Conducting class and school-wide parent meetings.
• Parent survey.
• Creating an initiative group of parents who are ready to help organize and accompany excursions, attract interesting people to speak in front of the class, or independently talk about their profession.
• Involving parents to help with temporary employment for high school students during the holidays.
• Create and run clubs together with parents various directions(artistic, sports, theatrical, intellectual).

Organizational and methodological activities

• Conducting career guidance work at school, creating your own and adapting existing programs for career guidance for schoolchildren.
• Assisting teachers and school staff with the selection of material, conducting classes, diagnostics and consultations.

Assessing the effectiveness of career guidance work at school

To conduct a qualitative assessment of career guidance work in school, 5 effective criteria and 2 procedural ones can be distinguished. Effective criteria include:

Sufficient information about the chosen profession and methods of obtaining it.

A student can make an informed choice of profession only by knowing about its place in the market, working conditions, requirements for knowledge and physical characteristics. If there is a sufficient amount of information received, the student clearly understands himself in the chosen profession and the necessary steps to obtain it.

The need for a conscious choice of future profession

If a student is active in searching for information about certain specialties without outside pressure, he independently tries himself in areas of interest possible activities or has drawn up a plan for further action, then the criterion for the need for a well-founded choice of profession can be considered fully satisfied, and the task facing schools has been completed.

Student’s awareness of the social significance of work

In the process of school career guidance work, school students should be instilled with an attitude towards work as a life value. For schoolchildren in grades 8-9, this attitude is directly related to the need for a conscious choice of profession, which directly affects the quality of their future lives.

Students’ awareness of their capabilities and interests

Under the guidance of school, experienced specialists, the student eventually realizes his desires, values, physical and moral capabilities and, based on them, makes a choice of a future career path. A big role here is given to school psychologists and teachers to determine the child’s characteristics as accurately as possible.

Having a plan for further steps towards obtaining a profession

The student must make an informed choice of profession, based on the variety of information received about the labor market, taking into account his own opinion and capabilities. After making the choice, the high school student should also have a good idea of ​​all the further steps that will ultimately lead him to the desired profession. The presence of such a plan indicates the success of the school’s career guidance work.

Two procedural criteria for the effectiveness of school career guidance activities can be called:

Individual nature of career guidance

Any action taken must take into account the individual interests, abilities and capabilities of each student.

The focus of career guidance on the comprehensive development of the individual

Schoolchildren should be given the opportunity to independently choose a profession, try their hand at various areas and specialties, plan future steps to obtain the desired specialty, and teachers and parents can only actively promote and help without making a choice for the child.

Expected results of school career guidance

If there is a functioning system of school career guidance that accompanies the student throughout the entire period of study, students will successfully develop a conscious attitude towards work and logically complete the process of choosing a profession, taking into account their interests, capabilities and requirements imposed by the labor market. The result will be further successful socialization of graduates and their easy entry into the professional world.

Lesson on the topic: “Professiogram and its importance in choosing a profession”

Purpose of the lesson:

• introduce students to the concept of "professiogram"
• explain to students the importance of using professiograms when choosing a profession
• teach students to useBank of interactive professionograms

A professionogram is a system of signs that describe one or anotherprofession , and also includes a list of norms and requirements imposed by this profession orspecialty To employee .

In particular, a professional profile may include a listpsychological characteristics that representatives of specific professional groups must meet.

Professionogram - this is a generalized reference model of a successful specialist in a given field

In essence, it should be a set of scientifically based standards and requirements of the profession for the psycho-physical characteristics of a specialist, his personality, professional knowledge, skills and abilities.

Unfortunately, we can say that at present there is no complete and high-quality set of professiograms, even in relation to the most widespread professions, which is caused by a number of objective reasons.

• The first of them is the high cost of such work, since the creation of even one high-quality professiogram requires the hard work of a whole team of specialists - both psychologists and experts in this profession
• The second reason is the huge variety of specialties within one profession.

Bank of interactive professionograms

We present to your attention informational portal for professional guidance and professional self-determination, where you can receive the following electronic services:

• Get acquainted with professional profiles for specialties and professions in demand in the labor market. To do this, select the type of profession, and then the profession that interests you.
• Pass the career guidance testing to receive recommendations on the type of profession that is most suitable for you.
• Undergo psychological testing to determine the extent to which you have professionally important qualities required for a particular profession or specialty. To do this, go to the section of the professiogram “Requirements for the individual characteristics of a specialist.”

The bank of interactive professionograms was created on the basis of the typology of professions by E.A. Klimov on the subject of work:

• Man-man
• Man-technique
• Sign Man
• Man-artistic image
• Man-nature

You are presented with professions of the "HUMAN-HUMAN" type

• Doctor
• Journalist
• Manager
• Entrepreneur
• Psychologist
• Social worker
• Teacher
• Lawyer
• Master of Industrial Training
• Nurse
• Waiter
• Seller of non-food products
• Food seller
• Head Secretary
• Insurance agent
• Sales Representative

Each professional profile includes the following sections:

• Presentation of the profession
• Type and class of profession
• Contents of the activity
• Working conditions
• Medical contraindications
• Basic education
• Paths to obtaining a profession
• Areas of application of the profession
• Career prospects

As an example, consider the Professionogram of an economist

• Economist - specialist involved in financial analysis economic activity. An economist is a specialist who analyzes the activities of an enterprise, develops plans for economic actions for the future in order to save and reduce costs, identify reserves, and build a competent economic development policy.
• An economist is one of the most significant specialists in an enterprise or organization. No enterprise can operate without a business plan. It is this employee who sets the vector of movement for the joint efforts of all employees. You need to set your priorities and goals correctly in order to get maximum profits with minimal losses.
• To work as an economist, you need to have a specialized education, successful experience in drawing up business plans, the ability to conduct research based on formulas and available data, analytical thinking and mastery of special programs.

Advantages of the profession:variety of activities, impact on economic processes.

Profession restrictions:high competition in the labor market

Type and class of profession

• The profession of an economist belongs to the type"Man - Sign", it is associated with working with symbolic information: texts, numbers, formulas and tables, calculations. It requires logical abilities, the ability to concentrate, interest in working with information, developed attention and perseverance, and the ability to operate with numbers.
• 
  The profession of economist belongs to the class"heuristic", it is associated with analysis, research, control and planning. It requires originality of thinking, a desire for development and constant learning.

• An economist is a specialist who analyzes financial and economic activities.
• The production process is continuous, so ensuring the functioning of all its factors is the main task of economists. Economists not only collect the necessary statistical material, tabulate it, group it, calculate it, plan it, but they themselves are the organizers of production.
• During the implementation of the plan and when unforeseen deviations occur, they take them into account and issue the necessary recommendations to management.
• The economist performs an analysis of the economic activity of the enterprise, recommends methods of saving, as well as increasing financial results activities of the organization. Other tasks of an economist include: searching for hidden reserves of an enterprise, preventing unnecessary expenses and losses. In general, the work of an economist is aimed at increasing the efficiency of using various resources of an enterprise and organization.
• The work of an economist is also related to documents, calculations and interaction with enterprise employees.

Requirements for the knowledge and skills of a specialist

• To successfully master the profession of an economist, basic knowledge of economics and mathematics is required.
• 
  A qualified economist should know:
• economics, mathematics;
• statistics, data processing programs;
• market patterns, financial transactions;
• document flow, maintenance standards economic activity at the enterprise, etc.
• 
  A qualified economist must be able to:
• analyze significant amounts of data;
• conduct research based on formulas and available data;
• draw up business plans, design changes, etc.

Requirements for the individual characteristics of a specialist

• To be successful as an economist, you must have the following professionally important qualities:
• tendency to work with information
• developed logical abilities
• ability to concentrate
• developed mathematical abilities
• emotional stability

Working conditions

• An economist can work either independently or in a team that may consist of several specialists. Most often, representatives of this profession work indoors. These can be offices of companies and organizations. Work occurs primarily while sitting, using a computer. Typically, this is a quiet activity, with little travel or business meetings.
• An economist is quite independent in his activities. He can take own solutions within the framework of assigned tasks, is limited by the rules and regulations of his profession.

Medical contraindications

• Medical restrictions for an economist:

• diseases of the musculoskeletal system;
• nervous system;
• of cardio-vascular system;
• organs of vision;
• mental illness;
• attention disorders;
• thinking disorders.

In the presence of these diseases, work in the profession of economist can lead to deterioration of health, as well as create insurmountable obstacles to mastery and growth within this profession.

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