Outer diameter of copper pipes. Copper pipe sizes. Types of steel pipes according to their production method

The ductility of annealed copper pipes and the strength of unannealed copper pipes make them an almost universal tool in the hands of the designer of pipeline systems for any purpose. Possibility of choosing products of different quality (from M1 to M3), diameter, specific gravity at wide range fittings allows you to make optimal pipeline layout in residential and industrial buildings.

For many years, technical requirements for these products have been standardized by GOST 617, which has undergone many editions (the last one was released in 2006), but has retained the main provisions:

• rolled copper pipes can be used in a wide temperature range from -200 to +250 degrees, and this indicator applies to both coolant parameters and environmental conditions;
• are produced in two types: seamless and welded, differing in production technology and performance properties; by manufacturing method: cold-deformed and pressed;
• By chemical composition are divided into seven types, differing in the content of alloying additives (bismuth, iron, zinc, tin, etc.) with a proportion of pure copper (+ silver) from 99.5 to 99.9%;
• the weight of copper pipes is determined by their size (outer diameter and wall thickness) and depends on the manufacturing method; The range of products provides for calibration in diameter from 3 to 360, and shells from 0.8 to 10 mm.

Advantages and disadvantages of copper pipes

1. The main advantage of pipelines made of red metal is the almost absolute chemical inertness of such structures to most aggressive environments. This can be not only contaminated water, but also oils, alkalis and low concentration acids, and special industrial wastewater.
2. The low coefficient of thermal expansion allows the use of Cu+Ag pipe structures in systems with high differences in internal and external temperatures.
3. The plasticity and malleability of the metal make it possible to produce a wide range of rolled pipes of various sizes (from 3 to 360 mm in outer diameter) and, accordingly, weight, i.e. the total range of copper pipes according to GOST is 130 items.
4. High specific gravity material - 8920 kg/m3 (for comparison, for steel the figure is 7800, for technological plastics - only 900), which ensures mechanical strength and long life (up to 80 years) of copper pipeline networks. True, this parameter, which directly determines the weight of the copper pipe, is often considered one of their disadvantages. The issue is controversial, we will discuss it separately.
5. The main obstacle to the widespread introduction of pipe structures made of red metal is their price. A copper pipe 1/2 (12.7 mm) costs an average of 160 rubles. per linear meter, which is 2.5 times more expensive than steel analogues. But from the point of view of operating costs, such comparisons are not entirely correct.

Marking, dimensions and weight of copper pipes

In order not to get confused in the designations of the pipe assortment, you should remember that according to GOST 617, all sizes are given on a metric scale and 30x5.0 for pressing or 27x0.1 for cold-deformed copper pipes mean exactly those dimensions in millimeters (outer diameter and wall thickness) that you see. Designations in inches 1/2, 3/4 or in the 27/1 mm version are also possible.

The choice of materials when designing technological networks primarily takes them into account specifications and operating conditions of the system. Due to their unique properties (strength, ductility, corrosion resistance), copper pipes, despite their hefty price and weight, are indispensable in many cases. For example, when choosing metal pipes for heating operating under conditions of increased operating and pressure testing with a chemically active coolant.

If you look at it, the difference in the weight of copper and steel pipes not so large (for a section of 12x1.0 or 1/2, respectively, 307 and 271 grams / linear meter). Copper successfully competes with polymer developments during operation, maintaining an equal hydraulic pressure with a cross-section that is 4 times smaller. You should also pay attention to this before going to construction markets.

Her Majesty the trumpet! Of course, it makes our lives better. Like that:

The key characteristic of any cylindrical pipe is its diameter. It can be internal ( Du) and external ( Dn). Pipe diameter is measured in millimeters, but the unit of pipe thread is inch.

At the junction of the metric and foreign measurement systems, the most questions usually arise.

In addition, the actual size of the internal diameter often does not coincide with Dy.

Let's take a closer look at how we can continue to live with this. A separate article is devoted to pipe threads. Read also about profile pipes, which are used for the construction of structures.

Inches vs mm. Where does the confusion come from and when is a correspondence table needed?

Pipes whose diameter is indicated in inches ( 1", 2" ) and/or fractions of inches ( 1/2", 3/4" ), are a generally accepted standard in water and water-gas supply.

What's the difficulty?

Take dimensions from the pipe diameter 1" (how to measure pipes is written below) and you will get 33.5 mm, which naturally does not coincide with the classical linear table for converting inches to mm ( 25.4 mm).

As a rule, the installation of inch pipes proceeds without difficulty, but when replacing them with pipes made of plastic, copper and stainless steel, a problem arises - a discrepancy between the size of the designated inch ( 33.5 mm) to its actual size ( 25.4 mm).

Usually this fact causes bewilderment, but if you look deeper into the processes occurring in the pipe, the logic of the size discrepancy becomes obvious to a layman. It's quite simple - read on.

The fact is that when creating a water flow, the key role is played not by the external, but by the internal diameter, and for this reason it is used for designation.

However, the discrepancy between designated and metric inches still remains, since the internal diameter of a standard pipe is 27.1 mm, and reinforced - 25.5 mm. The last value is quite close to equality 1""=25,4 but still he is not.

The solution is that to designate the size of pipes, a nominal diameter rounded to a standard value is used (nominal bore Dy). The size of the nominal diameter is selected so that the throughput of the pipeline increases from 40 to 60% depending on the growth of the index value.

Example:

The outer diameter of the pipe system is 159 mm, pipe wall thickness 7 mm. The exact inner diameter will be D = 159 - 7*2= 145 mm. With wall thickness 5 mm size will be 149 mm. However, in both the first and second cases, the conditional passage will have the same nominal size 150 mm.

In situations with plastic pipes To solve the problem of inappropriate dimensions, transition elements are used. If it is necessary to replace or connect inch pipes with pipes made according to real metric dimensions - copper, stainless steel, aluminum, both the outer and inner diameters should be taken into account.

Table of nominal diameter in inches

Table. Inner and outer diameters. Stacked water/water-gas pipelines, epectros-welded longitudinal, seamless hot-deformed steel and polymer pipes

Table of correspondence between nominal diameter, thread and outer diameters of the pipeline in inches and mm.

GOST- state standard used in heat - gas - oil - pipelines

ISO- standard for designating diameters, used in plumbing engineering systems

SMS- Swedish standard for pipe diameters and valves

DIN/EN- main European range for steel pipes according to DIN2448 / DIN2458

DU (Dy)- conditional pass

Tables with sizes of polypropylene pipes are presented in the following article >>>

Conformity table for nominal pipe diameters with international markings

Diameters and other characteristics of stainless steel pipes

Did you know?

What ingenious lamps can you assemble with your own hands from an ordinary metal pipe? Anyone can do this!

Which pipe is considered small - medium - large?

Even in serious sources I have seen phrases like: “We take any pipe of average diameter and...”, but no one indicates what this average diameter is.

To figure it out, you should first understand what diameter you need to focus on: it can be internal or external. The first is important when calculating the transport capacity of water or gas, and the second is important for determining the ability to withstand mechanical loads.

External diameters:

From 426 mm is considered large;

102-246 is called average;

5-102 is classified as small.

As for the internal diameter, it is better to look at the special table (see above).

How to find out the diameter of a pipe? Measure!

For some reason this strange question often comes to e-mail and I decided to supplement the material with a paragraph about measurement.

In most cases, when purchasing, it is enough to look at the label or ask the seller a question. But it happens that you need to repair one of the communication systems by replacing pipes, and initially it is not known what diameter the already installed ones have.

There are several ways to determine the diameter, but we will list only the simplest ones:

Arm yourself with a tape measure or a measuring tape (this is how women measure their waist). Wrap it around the pipe and record the measurement. Now, to obtain the desired characteristic, it is enough to divide the resulting figure by 3.1415 - this is the number Pi.

Example:

Let's imagine that the girth (circumference L) of your pipe is 59.2 mm. L=ΠD, resp. the diameter will be: 59.2 / 3.1415= 18.85 mm.

• After obtaining the outer diameter, you can find out the inner one. Only for this you need to know the thickness of the walls (if there is a cut, just measure with a tape measure or other device with a millimeter scale).

  Let's assume that the wall thickness is 1 mm. This figure is multiplied by 2 (if the thickness is 3 mm, then it is also multiplied by 2 in any case) and subtracted from the outer diameter (18.85- (2 x 1 mm) = 16.85 mm).

  It’s great if you have a caliper at home. The pipe is simply grabbed by the measuring teeth. We look at the required value on a double scale.

Types of steel pipes according to their production method

Electric welded (straight seam)

For their manufacture, strips or sheet steel are used, which are bent to the required diameter using special equipment, and then the ends are connected by welding.

The effect of electric welding guarantees a minimum seam width, which makes it possible to use them for the construction of gas or water pipelines. The metal is in most cases carbon or low alloy.

The indicators of finished products are regulated by the following documents: GOST 10704-91, GOST 10705-80 GOST 10706-76.

Please note that a pipe manufactured in accordance with standard 10706-26 is distinguished by maximum strength among its peers - after creating the first connecting seam, it is strengthened by four additional ones (2 inside and 2 outside).

The regulatory documentation indicates the diameters of products produced by electric welding. Their size ranges from 10 to 1420 mm.

Spiral seam

The material for production is steel in rolls. The product is also characterized by the presence of a seam, but unlike the previous production method, it is wider, which means the ability to withstand high internal pressure is lower. Therefore, they are not used for the construction of gas pipeline systems.

A specific type of pipe is regulated by GOST number 8696-74 .

Seamless

The production of a specific type involves the deformation of specially prepared steel blanks. The deformation process can be carried out both under the influence of high temperatures and in a cold way (GOST 8732-78, 8731-74 and GOST 8734-75, respectively).

The absence of a seam has a positive effect on the strength characteristics - the internal pressure is evenly distributed over the walls (there are no “weak” places).

As for diameters, standards control their production with a value of up to 250 mm. When purchasing products with sizes exceeding those indicated, you have to rely only on the integrity of the manufacturer.

It is important to know!

If you want to buy the most durable material, buy seamless pipes cold molding. The absence of temperature influences has a positive effect on preserving the original characteristics of the metal.

Also, if the ability to withstand internal pressure is an important indicator, then choose round products. Profile pipes cope better with mechanical loads (metal frames, etc., are well made from them).

A couple more great slides for your attention. creative advertising pipe manufacturer:

Copper pipe is used in installation work when installing and assembling refrigeration equipment of varying complexity. The material from which the product is made has high thermal conductivity. Copper alloy usually contains additives that provide additional performance. Its environmental friendliness is a guarantee of safety environment. Our pipes for refrigeration systems:

• are characterized by high anti-corrosion resistance;
• resistant to ultraviolet rays and temperature changes;
• durable and withstand significant vibrations;
• have a long service life under conditions of high pressure in the system.

Our offer

In our catalog in the table, inch pipes compatible with any refrigerants are presented in a wide range in lengths of 3 and 5 meters. The alloy contains 99.9% refined copper. We supply products with an outer diameter from 3/8" to 4 1/8" and a cleaned inner surface treated with special products. The ends are closed with plastic plugs that protect the pipe from contamination during transportation and storage.

The absence of seams and 100% flaw detection guarantees the absence of leaks. The pipe is seamless, manufactured according to ASTM B280 standard and certified for compliance with ROST. Detailed information is available on our Technical information, including inch pipe dimensions.

If you need personal advice, please contact us. Our experts will recommend an inch copper pipe with the right wall thickness, size and outside diameter to suit your needs. Call us to find out the price of copper pipes of different diameters and arrange delivery.

Copper pipes are used in pipeline construction. They seriously compete with metal and plastic products. In accordance with GOST, copper pipes are used in hydraulic and refrigeration equipment, for transporting gas and compressed air, in hydraulic and refrigeration systems. This is due to the properties of copper: strength, resistance to corrosion and chlorine, impermeability to working fluids, including oils and fats.

What are the differences between copper pipes?

The characteristics and type of pipes are determined by the scope of application. They differ in cross-section and size, and dozens of other characteristics.

Type of copper. Pipes made from the following types of copper are used in household equipment:

Unlike pipes that have not undergone heat treatment, annealed pipes are stronger and easier to install.

Section. In addition to the standard square section, copper pipes are made rectangular and flat oval. Products with a rectangular cross-section are more difficult to manufacture due to their non-standard shape. They are used in the manufacture of stator winding conductors for liquid-cooled electrical machines.

Purpose. The scope of application determines the characteristics of copper pipes. They are used in the following areas:

• in water supply, heating, gas transportation systems;
• in household and industrial air conditioners, refrigerators, freezers;
• in heat pumps, solar systems, heat exchangers;
• in radar equipment;
• in the production of fabric printing rollers, crystallizers, induction coils.

Manufacturing materials, standards. Pipes are manufactured in accordance with Russian standards - GOST, TU - and foreign standards - EN, ASTM. For production, copper alloys of various grades are used, including those alloyed with other materials (zinc, tin, aluminum, etc.) and oxygen-free alloys containing phosphorus. Copper of different degrees of hardness is used, which determines the purpose of copper pipes:

• Soft. Used in beam distribution systems.
• Semi-solid. To change the geometry of such pipes, a pipe bender is used.
• Solid. Used in highways with increased strength requirements.

Type of insulation. Copper pipes are insulated different types. Some are supplied without insulation, others with insulation made from the following materials:

• PVC. This insulation is resistant to mechanical and chemical influences. Prevents the occurrence of corrosive processes.
• Foamed polyurethane. Thermal insulation is applied at the factory. Used on copper pipes intended for pipelines with high requirements to heat conservation.
• PE (polyethylene shell). Used on copper pipes intended for drinking water supply and heating systems.

Installation method. Copper pipes are connected different ways. Sometimes socket capillary soldering is used for this, in which the ends of the pipes are preheated. Most often, fittings made of bronze and brass are used for installation. Connections are of the following types:

• self-fixing;
• threaded;
• flanged compression.

There are different fittings for all of them standard sizes, suitable for all types of copper pipes.

Dimensions and diameter of copper pipes

Pipes with a diameter of 10-22 mm are in greatest demand - they are used in water supply systems. Pipes with a diameter of 32-42 mm are used in drainage systems.

Typically, the diameter of copper pipes is indicated fractionally, for example, 14/1. In accordance with GOST, this designation determines the outer diameter of copper pipes and wall thickness in millimeters. Pipes 14/1 have an outer diameter of 14 mm, an inner diameter of 13 mm, and a wall thickness of 1 mm.

Supply of copper pipes

For whatever purposes you need copper pipes, you can order them from UMMC-OTsM. The pipes are manufactured at the factories Majdanpek (Serbia) and Kolchugtsvetmet (Kolchugino), meet international standards and are used in household and industrial equipment, including water supply, heating, air conditioning, etc.

Delivery is carried out in batches of at least 300 kg. Thanks to the presence of warehouses in three cities of Russia (Kolchugino, Kirov, Revda), urgent delivery of products is possible.

Every person who installs or repairs water pipes will have to become familiar with the dimensions of water pipes in mm and inches. Without this, it will not be possible to achieve high-quality connections and the necessary bandwidth pipeline. Let's look in more detail: why there are two measurement systems and how sizes are recalculated.

Classification of water pipes

Historically, measurements were calculated in inches. This meaning differed in each state. It was conventionally equated to:

• the width of the index finger;
• the length of three barley grains from the middle of the spikelet;
• the ratio of the distance from the tip of the nose to the thumb of the outstretched hand of King Henry 1 of England.

As a result of the development of civilization and relationships between states, people realized that it is inconvenient to use such a value for full-fledged trade. For this reason, everyone switched to a common measuring system and distances began to be measured in meters. The value of the current meter was fixed in 1983 at the XVII General Conference on Weights and Measures. On at this stage it is tied to the speed of light. Despite this, diameters in water pipes continue to be measured in inches. It is officially recognized that this unit is equivalent to 0.0254 meters, or 25.4 mm.

Main dimensions

Each water pipe has a diameter and other individual dimensions:

• internal distance between walls;
• the size of the required passage;
• nominal diameter;
• external thickness;
• wall thickness.

The throughput and profitability of the entire water supply system depends on these values. When designing, installing and repairing it, you must be especially careful to comply with these dimensions. A discrepancy of 1 mm at one connection can lead to failure of the entire structure.

Table of water pipe diameters

Pipes are qualified according to their external size, which is specified by the manufacturer. To determine the internal diameter, you will need to subtract twice the wall thickness from the external value. However, products made of cast iron and steel are marked by internal diameter, taking into account their throughput. This should be remembered when using products made from different materials in the same system. Let's look at a few examples.

Steel pipe 76x3 means:

• outer diameter of the product 76 mm;
• wall thickness 3 mm;
• the internal passage will be 70 mm.

The calculation occurred as follows: 76 - (3x2) = 70 mm.

2 example. 1" copper pipe implies an outer thickness of 1 inch, or 25.4 mm.

Docking of products from different material fittings are used. will have plastic on one side, which will allow for high-quality soldering, and on the other, threads for a reliable threaded connection. To do this, you need to pay attention to the thread size and pitch. When connecting to cast iron, sockets and special seals are used. Plastic can be soldered together, metal can be welded using electric or gas welding.

Steel

When installed with steel products, their selection is made according to the outer diameter of the water supply system pipe. According to the requirements of GOST 10704–91, they are divided into groups:

• large diameter - from 508 mm;
• medium – 114-530 mm;
• small – up to 114 mm.

In home plumbing, the most popular products are those with small sizes. Medium - in the city water supply. Large - for main oil and gas pipelines. The most popular products include:

• ½" - 12.7 mm;
• ¾" - 19.0 mm;
• 1" - 25.4 mm;
• 1½" - 38.1 mm.

Specialists who are involved in laying and repairing water pipes on a daily basis know these values ​​by heart, while others look them up in tables.

The size of these products leaves much to be desired. The problem is that each manufacturer sets its own sizing chart. Therefore, when assembling a plastic water supply system, it is advisable to purchase all components from one manufacturer. Or you will have to take measurements of each product. Despite this, plastic pipelines are distinguished by their performance characteristics and are very popular, especially when laying water distribution indoors.

How to correctly convert mm to inches

When laying a water supply system or replacing its elements, it is necessary to be well versed in their relationships. To carry out these translations, masters use special tables. The difficulty lies in the wall thickness. An illustrative example:

• Let’s take a product with an outer thickness of 1”, which should be equal to 25.4 mm;
• the diameter of the threaded connection will be 33.249 mm.

How to calculate the diameter of a pipe for a water supply? The thread is cut on the outside of the wall. Its nominal value in relation to the internal indicator is obtained symbol. Therefore, to calculate it it is necessary: ​​to 25.4 mm add double the wall thickness of the product. The result will be 33.249 mm. Common threaded connections:

• ½" - 20.4…20.7 mm;
• ¾" - 25.9…26.2 mm;
• 1" - 32.7…33.0 mm;
• 1½" - 45.8…46.2 mm.

As you can see, each case has its own discrepancies.

Conversion table for water pipe diameters from inches to millimeters

Conclusion

When installing a water supply system or replacing its elements, it is necessary to strictly observe the diameter of the water supply pipes. Otherwise, at the slightest discrepancy of up to 1 mm, the density and strength of the hermetic connection will be in question. Such a connection cannot be considered reliable and at any moment can lead to failure or leakage.

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