Russian aircraft carriers number. When will Russia get a new aircraft carrier? Heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser "Ulyanovsk": cut into metal at the construction stage
Today it seems absolutely incredible that the phenomenon of the pop duo “Tatu” happened in our country. Just recently, millions of Russians sang along to the song “I’ve lost my mind” performed by girls who pretended to be lesbians. Less than ten years have passed since leading Western newspapers began to ask the question: “why don’t they like LGBT people in Russia”? Although it is hardly possible to explain hatred rationally.
LGBT rights in Russia
The attitude towards people of non-traditional sexual orientation in our country can be safely described as homophobia. Although the official Russian authorities strongly emphasize at the international level the equal rights of people of different genders, reality says the opposite:
- Human rights activists have repeatedly recorded cases outing, i.e. public communication about a person’s orientation against his will. Representatives of the Moscow Helsinki Group consider this a direct violation of the right to privacy;
- There is a lack of right of homosexuals to a fair trial. Representatives of the judiciary have repeatedly been found to have a biased attitude towards persons with non-traditional sexual orientation;
- The right to freedom of speech was also taken away by the harsh Russian authorities. The LGBT community is deprived of the opportunity to publicly share their problems, since this will be regarded by the state machine as “propaganda”;
- The creation of unions and associations under the rainbow flag is actually prohibited. Registration applications have been collecting dust in the courts for years.
Thus, we can safely say that lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transvestites practically deprived of basic civil rights .
An excursion into the history of homosexuality in Russia
This situation fits well into the historical outline of our country (although in principle it is difficult to find a state that would tolerate gays until the end of the 20th century):
- Non-traditional orientation was banned back in the days of the Muscovite Empire. Thus, opponents of Ivan the Terrible attributed to him connections with men for political discredit;
- In 1716, Peter, who went down in history under the nickname “The Great,” introduced into legislation the concept of sodomy, primarily for members of the armed forces;
- In 1832, Tsar Nicholas I, in Article 995, officially banned sodomy for civilians. Persons convicted under this article were registered in Siberia for 4-5 years;
- Despite the prohibitions, at the end of the 19th century in St. Petersburg, dens for homosexuals (the prototype of modern gay clubs) multiplied like mushrooms after rain. The novel “Nineties” by Alexander Amfitheatrov tells about this in detail;
- For a short time, same-sex love was legalized in the USSR (1917-1933). However, Stalin returned sodomy to the Criminal Code, and every year from 800 to 1000 people were sentenced to hard labor under this article.
How do people treat LGBT people in Russia?
Discrimination does not end in the corridors of power. Ordinary residents of the country, who generally do not approve of the policy, “ United Russia", may agree with her regarding homophobia:
- Incidents of killings and everyday violence are of grave concern to the United Nations Human Rights Committee;
- Crimes motivated by hatred against gays are in most cases committed by representatives of neo-Nazi movements and religious fanatics. The activity of the latter has especially increased in last years in connection with the state’s course towards traditionalism;
- The number of hooligan attacks against LGBT people is significantly higher than against others social groups. The marginalized sections of the population choose these different people as a scapegoat to blame for all their troubles;
- The Ministry of Internal Affairs is stubbornly “silent” on this topic: partly this is due to the homophobia of the leadership of the ministry, partly due to the fear of victims of making their problems public.
Western human rights activists are sounding the alarm: the volume of violence is growing from year to year. Thus, in 2007 it was 12% (relative to the total number of crimes). Five years later - already 13% (and these are thousands of ruined lives).
The most notorious crimes against gays
The best illustration of dry statistics is the following: list of the most egregious crimes committed by homophobes in recent years:
- In Volgograd in 2013, after celebrating Victory Day, the body of a 23-year-old man was found. According to the three men who confessed to the murder, the key motive was the murdered man's homosexuality;
- On May 29, 2013, Oleg Serdyuk, deputy director of Kamchatka Airport, was found in a burnt car. The investigation decided that the crime was committed because of his gay orientation. The killers were sentenced to terms ranging from 9 to 12 years;
- From October 2013 to February 2014, a series of attacks were carried out at the capital's largest gay club. The attackers threw smoke bombs and fired firearms. Fortunately, there were no casualties. But after the incident, a number of homosexuals left the country forever. The incident became important topic in Western media. Thus, the ABC channel dedicated an episode to him entitled “Moscow on Fire.”
Is LGBT banned in Russia?
Instead of fighting violence, the state actually creates it. In 2013, the now infamous the federal law number 135, which banned “homosexual propaganda”:
- The government said its main purpose was to protect teenagers from information that could change their sexual behavior;
- The wording in the law is more than vague. Thus, any materials that “raise interest” in this sensitive topic are prohibited. This left virtually any manifestation of homosexuality outside the legal framework;
- Violation of the provisions of the law is punishable by a fine of 5,000 rubles. Civil servants will part with 10 times that amount, and foreigners face deportation;
- Regional authorities are not lagging behind their federal counterparts. The Ryazan, Arkhangelsk, Kostroma, Kaliningrad regions and even progressive St. Petersburg especially distinguished themselves.
All these facts indicate the actual prohibition of same-sex love in our country.
In an attempt to answer the question of why LGBT people are not liked in Russia, they most often talk about the religiosity of our people and loyalty to thousand-year-old traditions. However, the real reason is much more prosaic. Hatred of gays stems not from awe of God, but from fear of prison. This is one of the central institutions in Russian society, determining the behavior of a significant part of the population.
Video about the ban on homosexual propaganda
In this video, blogger Danila Poperechny will tell you how the law banning LGBT propaganda came about in Russia:
The first social activists and groups advocating for gay rights began to appear. These processes occurred especially pronouncedly in Germany.
Stonewall. Radicalization of the movement
Goals of the movement
Repeal of discriminatory laws
Cancellation of criminal and administrative prosecution
Legal status
same-sex relationships in the world
Officially recognized same-sex marriages are registered same-sex marriages are recognized but not performed same-sex partnerships are concluded Not prohibited no regulating laws there are restrictions on freedom of speech and assembly Criminalized de jure illegal, de facto not prosecuted real criminal prosecution imprisonment, including life punishment up to death
In the majority modern countries homosexuality or homosexual activity is not considered a crime. In a number of countries in Africa and Asia, homosexuality, manifestations of homosexual activity, or even a hint of it, are considered criminal offenses that are punishable by imprisonment (as in the former USSR) or death penalty, as in modern Iran, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Somalia (Jamaat al-Shabaab territory), Sudan, Nigeria (northern states) and Mauritania. In such countries, however, open fight for the rights of sexual and gender minorities is absent, since participation in it may pose a threat to freedom and life. At the same time, in many of these countries there is lobbying for a relaxation of criminal laws against homosexuals. The lobbyists are reformist and moderate liberal forces in the leadership of these countries. In particular, former Iranian President Mohammed Khatami spoke in favor of easing legislation regarding homosexuals. In addition, these countries are under international pressure to comply with human rights, and among other issues on the agenda (but not the first or most important) is the issue of abolishing criminal and administrative penalties for homosexuality or manifestations of homosexual activity.
In Russia, criminal prosecution was abolished in 1993 as part of the process of bringing legislation into line with European norms, but the victims were not rehabilitated like other victims of the Soviet regime under the laws on victims of political repression, which is currently demanded by LGBT activists and a number of human rights defenders .
Repeal of instructions and regulations defining homosexuality as a medical pathology
The idea of equal rights for gays and lesbians with other citizens presupposes the official recognition of homosexuality as one of the psychological norms in accordance with modern scientific views and official WHO documents (since 1993).
In this regard, LGBT organizations, professional medical organizations, liberal politicians and human rights activists are fighting for the abolition of instructions and regulations defining homosexuality as a mental disorder, and for the adoption of official documents (at the level of the ministries of health of national states and at the level of national associations of psychiatrists and psychologists), unambiguously defining homosexuality as a variant of the psychological norm and prohibiting any or “treatment for homosexuality” or “correction of sexual orientation” of healthy people, which is currently recognized as homosexuals, since the harm to patients from such effects has already been reliably proven, and there are still no reliable facts of “orientation correction”.
In many countries, especially democratic ones, the abolition of instructions and regulations defining homosexuality as a medical pathology or as a sexual deviation has already taken place. In Russia, homosexuality was excluded from the list of diseases on January 1, 1999 (transition to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, from which homosexuality is excluded).
Cancellation of bans on professions
In some countries there were or are bans on certain professions for people who openly declare their homosexuality. This could be, for example, a ban on representatives of sexual minorities serving in the army or working as a school teacher or doctor. Organizations defending the rights of sexual minorities are seeking (and in some cases have already achieved) the abolition of these prohibitions.
For example, special sociological studies conducted in Western countries have established that the homosexuality of an officer or soldier does not affect combat discipline or the internal psychological climate of the unit. Therefore, there is no reason to deny homosexuals the right to serve in the military.
In Russia, the “Regulations on Military Medical Examination” indicate that the very fact of homosexuality within the framework of this provision is not a disorder and, therefore, is not a disease that prevents military service. According to Article 18 of the Regulations, “sexual orientation in itself is not considered a disorder.” Fitness category “B (limitedly fit for military service)” for homosexuality is applied only in the presence of severe disorders of gender identification and sexual preference that are incompatible with service and the presence of concomitant diseases. Thus, according to the legislation of the Russian Federation, such persons have equal rights in relation to military service, but in practice, some military commissariats do not call up homosexuals for military service.
It has also been established that a teacher’s homosexuality does not lead to any complications in relationships with students and does not predispose the teacher to commit indecent acts against students (since homosexuality and pedophilia are fundamentally different things). Therefore, there is no reason to prohibit openly gay people from working as school teachers. The idea of lifting the ban on the teaching profession for openly gay people has been criticized by supporters of conservative views, who believe that the very presence of a teacher with a homosexual orientation in a school teaches children by example, and that in this way homosexuality is “promoted” in school. However, proponents of this point of view do not have any scientific data proving that schools with homosexual teachers produce more homosexual graduates, or that homosexual teachers are more likely to commit indecent acts against students, or that they They teach children worse or cannot build normal relationships with them in the “teacher-student” paradigm.
Lifting the ban on donation
In some countries, there is a ban on blood and organ donation from members of sexual minorities. LGBT organizations are making attempts to challenge this norm and achieve the abolition of discrimination. In 2006, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation undertook to prepare an amendment to repeal this discriminatory policy. On April 16, 2008, the Minister of Health and social development RF Tatyana Golikova issued an order “On amendments to the order of the Ministry of Health Russian Federation dated September 14, 2001 No. 364 “On approval of the procedure for medical examination of a blood donor and its components.” Since May 13, 2008, homosexuals have been excluded from the list of contraindications for donating blood and its components.
Respect for human rights regarding LGBT people
Even in those countries in which criminal and administrative penalties for manifestations of homosexuality have been abolished, the practice of human rights violations against homosexuals has persisted for a long time.
LGBT organizations have fought and are fighting not only for the formal abolition of criminal penalties for homosexuality, but also for changing actual police and administrative practices. Including that the concept of “violations” public order” was equally applied (or not applied) to same-sex and opposite-sex couples kissing or hugging in public places, and raids on “drug dealers or passport violators” were carried out non-selectively in places where homosexuals congregated.
Also, LGBT organizations are fighting for the observance of such human rights in relation to homosexuals as the right to peaceful public meetings (including gay pride events), the right to create public organizations, the right to cultural self-release, the right to access information, the right to freedom of speech, the right to equal access to medical care etc. In Russia, these rights are regularly violated: the police, under various pretexts, raid gay clubs, maintain “lists of gays,” not a single public action in defense of LGBT people has been sanctioned by the authorities, LGBT organizations are denied registration, cultural events of gays and lesbians are often disrupted , there are no programs to implement HIV prevention among gay men.
Passing anti-discrimination laws
LGBT organizations also advocate for explicit reference to sexual minorities in anti-discrimination laws (or for the adoption of separate anti-discrimination laws for sexual minorities). They also seek direct mention of sexual orientation and gender identity in the relevant articles of the Constitutions, guaranteeing equal rights to all citizens regardless of gender, age, religion, or nationality.
Right to register marriage
In recent years there has been a growing movement in support of same-sex marriage. The fact of registering a marriage secures for a same-sex family such rights as: the right to joint property, the right to alimony, inheritance rights, social and medical insurance, preferential taxation and lending, the right to a name, the right not to testify in court against a spouse, the right to act as a proxy on behalf of the spouse in the event of his incapacity for health reasons, the right to dispose of the body of the spouse in the event of death, the right to joint parenthood and upbringing of adopted children and other rights that unregistered couples are deprived of.
Opponents of same-sex marriage argue that according to tradition and religious norms, only a man and a woman can enter into marriage, and therefore the demands of gays and lesbians to recognize the same right for them are absurd and we are not talking about equality of homosexuals and heterosexuals, but about providing homosexuals with a new unprecedented law. Supporters of same-sex marriage point out that marriage registration is a legal action, independent of religious norms (in most modern states, legal and church registration of marriage relations occur separately), and that the law should follow social changes leading to the elimination of inequality between people, as this and occurs over the past centuries, when previously existing prohibitions on registering marriages (for example, between spouses belonging to different faiths or races) were gradually abolished. In addition, the American Psychological Association states that the denial of legal rights to gay marriage is a source of tension for same-sex couples, which has an extremely negative effect on their psychological well-being. Other researchers note that in those countries where same-sex marriage was legalized, there were no significant upheavals in society.
Among the countries that have granted same-sex couples the full right to marry are, for example, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Canada, South Africa, Norway, Sweden, Portugal, Iceland, Argentina, Denmark, Brazil, France, Uruguay, New Zealand, Luxembourg, USA, Ireland, Colombia, Finland and Germany. Same-sex marriages also take place in England, Wales, Scotland and some states in Mexico. In addition, in many countries, so-called “same-sex unions” are concluded, which are some semblance of marriage, but do not have all the rights that married spouses have. In different countries, such same-sex unions may be called differently. The list of rights and obligations enjoyed by members of such unions also differs (from a full set of marriage rights to a minimum).
Closely related to the right to register a marriage or union is the right to immigration.
Adoption
The LGBT movement is seeking the right to adopt a child of one partner by another partner in same-sex families, the possibility of adoption by same-sex families of children from orphanages, for the possibility of equal access to assisted reproductive technologies for same-sex and opposite-sex families. It should be noted that in many countries where same-sex married couples broad rights are granted, these issues are considered separately.
In accordance with Russian legislation, adoption can be issued for one citizen or for a married couple. The law makes no mention of a citizen’s sexual orientation as a basis for refusing adoption or guardianship, but in practice homosexuals often face refusals. Sexual orientation is also not a limitation to access to assisted reproductive technologies, but a same-sex family has problems establishing the parenthood of a child.
Social activities
LGBT organizations are engaged social activities, such as organizing various cultural events (film festivals, sports competitions, music competitions and concerts, photo exhibitions, theatrical performances, installations, flash mobs, etc.), the purpose of which is the social adaptation of the LGBT community, the development of its cultural potential, and the establishment of cultural dialogue with the rest of society . In addition, as a rule, any event is educational in nature.
Various books, magazines are also published, and even radio and television broadcasts are conducted.
Separately, there is the organization of services - affordable and high-quality specific psychological, legal and medical assistance to representatives of the LGBT community, helplines, mutual help groups.
Gay nationalism
A special variety in the movement for the emancipation of gays and lesbians is gay nationalism, which proclaims the LGBT community a new nation with its own culture and historical destiny.
Situation in Russia
The first organized movement for the observance of human rights regarding sexual minorities in Russia in the late 1980s was represented by Evgenia Debryanskaya, Roman Kalinin (Association of Sexual Minorities, Libertarian Party), Professor Alexander Kukharsky, Olga Krause (Association of Gays and Lesbians “Wings”). However, this movement quickly faded away.
The 2000s saw a new wave of the LGBT movement. In 2004, the LaSky Project was launched, aimed at preventing the spread of the HIV epidemic among homosexuals, which quickly grew into an interregional project. IN
Every person has the right to personal feelings and happy life according to his own convictions. Every year, more and more people do not hesitate to openly express their preferences, and the public is slowly but surely replacing anger with a more loyal attitude towards LGBT people.
Turning to Wikipedia, the acronym LGBT symbolizes all sexual minorities: lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transgenders. This abbreviation began to be used at the end of the 20th century in order to create an emphasis on different sides sexuality and gender identity. The meaning of LGBT is to unite gay people with common hobbies, goals and problems. The main goal and intention of LGBT is a movement for the rights of gender and sexual minorities. Referring to Wikipedia, the community's motto reads: "My life - my rules", which translated into English means "My life - my rules."
The community has several signs that differ in meaning and are created, first of all, so that people can stand out from the crowd. We can highlight the most common LGBT symbols:
Who are LGBT activists?
In every community there are leaders who perform important tasks for the LGBT movement. Activists are trying to ensure that legislative framework made changes and changed attitudes towards minorities . This is extremely significant for those who wants to have the opportunity to socially adapt in society. Activists are busy organizing parades, flash mobs and other events to win over the public towards the LGBT community.
LGBT - pros and cons
People who argue for or against same-sex marriage support their views with moral and legal arguments, but few of them consider the science in this matter, which provides enough food for thought. Arguments in favor of same-sex steam:
Arguments against the existence of LGBT people:
- according to research by psychologists and sociologists, same-sex couples do not create adequate comfort for the child, in particular, families without fathers;
- homosexuality has not been sufficiently researched and studied scientifically, especially for children raised in legal same-sex marriages;
- sexual minorities are destroying traditional gender roles formed back in the Stone Age.
Discrimination against the LGBT community
Sexual minorities are subject to oppression in various areas of life. Discrimination manifests itself in families and in society. LGBT rights are violated when people belonging to sexual minorities are fired from work without reason, expelled from educational institutions, etc. There are countries in which discrimination manifests itself even at the legislative level: there are state bans on the dissemination of information about homosexuality. Some minority rights that are violated by society or the law:
- transgender and gay people are denied medical care in some hospitals;
- at work and in educational institutions unreasonable problems arise;
- attacks and beatings by some young people who show aggression towards minorities;
- inability to officially start a family;
- Personal information about sexual orientation may be disclosed to third parties.
LGBT and Christianity
Attitude towards the rights of sexual minorities usually associated with different beliefs of churches:
What is a festival of sexual minorities (gay pride)
Gay Pride is an entertaining procession in the form of a fun festival. The goal of the festival is the visibility (coming out) of LGBT representatives, the protection of human rights and civil equality, regardless of sexual orientation. The term is in the title gay- a particle of an established expression and is used not only in relation to gays, but also to other representatives of the LGBT community.
Festivals are held in more than 50 countries around the world, even in such conservative ones as Turkey, China, Lebanon, India, Venezuela and others. The festival can act as carnival or human rights demonstration, depending on the situation.
The festival in most countries is the most significant part of the “gay pride” or, simply put, “pride”, which is held in a variety of forms: from fairs to picnics. Traditionally, such events are held in June as a tribute to the Stonewall riots, during which thousands of sexual minorities protested against police repression. This event became a symbol of the struggle for civil rights gays, lesbians and transgender people.
Gay celebrities
Many celebrities do not hide their sexual orientation, without hesitation to tell the world about it. They often actively fight for the rights of the LGBT community. They are an example for many who, for some reason, are embarrassed to reveal themselves to the people around them and society as a whole.
- Elton John. The singer announced his sexual orientation in 1976, but this negatively affected his career. Now Elton and his official partner David Furnish are raising two sons.
- Tom Ford. In 1997, the designer revealed his sexual orientation and is currently married to Richard Buckley, who was previously the editor of Vogue Hommes International. Since 2012, the couple has been raising a son.
- Chaz Bono. At the age of 18, the daughter of the singer Cher confessed her true sexual orientation, and later Chastity Bono (now Chaz Bono) was subject to gender reassignment procedures. Later she was an author in a magazine for sexual minorities and even published a book. Singer Cher supports LGBT people and is proud of her daughter.
