Universal circular saw TsPA 40. City improvement, woodwork, arrangement of pile foundations and pipelines. Ilya MelnikovCircle saws and band saws

 29.04.2018

 Administrator Chief

The manufacturer of the TsPA-40 circular saw is the Ussuriysk Machine-Building Plant.

The enterprise CJSC Ussuriysk Machine-Building Plant ceased to exist in 2014.

The linear guide of the saw unit limits the width of the workpiece only to its own length. Thus, in the TsPA-40 model, the saw support stroke reaches 400 mm. In order for the device to move in one direction - the direction of saw feed, the support has several types of rollers. And the shape of the guide itself is quite complex. It is subject to intense wear, contact and bending loads, since it has a cantilever shape.

TsPA-40 Circular cross-cut saw with linear movement of the support. Purpose, scope

The cross-cutting circular saw with linear movement of the caliper model is designed for cross-cutting boards, beams and panels, and can also be used for cutting grooves.

The machine is the equipment general purpose for woodworking industries.

The machine has two electric motors:

• Electric saw blade drive motor 3.2 kW
• Hydraulic pump drive electric motor 2.2 kW

The caliper is supported by rolling bearings and, when initially in operation, can be manually raised and lowered by means of a handwheel and gear train. After raising or lowering, the caliper is fixed at a certain height.

During operation, the caliper performs reciprocating movements through a hydraulic drive. An electric motor with a cutting disc on the shaft is mounted in the head part of the caliper.

Landing dimensions of the shaft of the cross-cutting machine TsPA-40

TsPA-40 Location of the components of the cross-cutting machine

List of components of the cross-cutting machine TsPA-40:

1. Caliper Feed Control Pedal Caliper Raise and Lower Handwheel
2. Caliper clamp height
3. Transport rollers
4. Saw blade protection
5. Circular Saw
6. Saw blade shaft
7. Thrust bar
8. Caliper
9. Caliper feed hydraulic cylinder
10. Caliper support body
11. Machine bed
12. Electric motor - hydraulic pump drive

TsPA-40 Location of cross-cutting machine controls

Kinematic diagram of the cross-cutting machine TsPA-40

Design and description of the machine components

The cross-cutting machine model TsPA-40 is simple in design and reliable in operation, provided that all the requirements set out in this manual are met.

The support body of the caliper is mounted on the frame - a hollow cast iron, which is also an oil reservoir. The body together with the support, if necessary, can rise and rotate by a certain amount. The caliper rests on rolling bearings and, through a hydraulic drive, performs reciprocating movements. An electric motor with a cutting tool on the shaft is mounted in the head part of the support.

The machine is controlled remotely using a pedal

Electrical circuit diagram of the cross-cutting machine TsPA-40

The electrical circuit of the TsPA-40 machine provides remote control electric motors of the machine via a push-button station.

The machine is connected to the electrical network by turning on the machine B.

The electric motors Ml, M2 are turned on using the KnP button using magnetic starters P1 and P2.

The electric motors are stopped by the KnS button, which breaks the control circuit. Starters P1 and P2 are turned off, while the normally closed block contact P1 closes, the starter RZ is activated and direct current is supplied to the windings of the electric motor Ml - dynamic braking occurs.

After a certain period of time, the electrical circuit is de-energized by means of a time relay - P4.

Video of work No. 1 of the cross-cutting machine TsPA-40

Video of work No. 2 of the cross-cutting machine TsPA-40

Hydraulic circuit diagram of cross-cutting machine TsPA-40

The hydraulic drive of the machine consists of the following components and mechanisms:

1. Vane pump G12-33
2. Spool
3. Safety valve G52-23
4. Hydraulic caliper feed cylinder
5. Control mechanism

During operation of the machine, the hydraulic drive provides three positions (positions) of the support:

• "working stroke"
• "reverse"
• "stop"

To obtain a working stroke, press the control pedal with your foot. In this case, the spool communicates with the pump both cavities of the cylinder simultaneously. Due to the difference in the forces created, the piston moves towards the rod cavity - the caliper makes a working stroke.

At the end of the working stroke, a special stop (limiter) moves the spool to a position in which the latter communicates with the rodless cavity of the cylinder with a drain - the caliper makes a reverse stroke.

Approaching the initial position, the caliper, using the idle speed limiter, places the spool in the middle - neutral position - the drainage from the rodless cavity stops, the caliper stops. The oil flows freely through the drilling in the spool to drain.

To repeat the cycle, you must press the control pedal again.

Technical characteristics of the cross-cutting machine TsPA-40

Machine TsPA-40 designed for cross-cutting boards, beams and panels made of coniferous and hardwood.

Machine TsPA-40 with a solid cast frame, which is also a hydraulic tank, with a caliper moving along steel guides, a hydraulic cylinder and a separate electrical cabinet.

Stepless adjustment of the speed of movement of the saw allows the operator to trim at an angle of 45°. The machine is controlled from a separate push-button remote control, located in a convenient place for maintenance. Unit assembly provides maximum convenience in maintenance and when repairing the machine.

Technical characteristics of TsPA-40:

Position 3784:

Year of manufacture: 1974.

Country of origin: Russia.

Price on request.

Item 5631:

Condition: very good, working.
Country of origin: Russia.
Location: Tver region.
Price on request.

Item 7764:

Condition: very good, working.
Country of origin: Russia.
Location: Tver region.
Price on request.

Item 9665:

Condition: very good, working.
Country of origin: Russia.
Location: Kirov region.
Price on request.

Please note: we sell and buy used machines. Not only the listed equipment is available, but also much more. For more detailed information please contact us.

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Ilya Melnikov
Circular saws and band saws

Classification of machines

According to their purpose, woodworking machines are divided into three groups: universal, widely used in various woodworking industries; specialized, designed to perform only certain types of work with readjustment of the machine, and special for certain processing without readjustment of the machine.

Woodworking machines can be cyclic - with intermittent movement of the part or cutting tool, and continuous - with continuous movement of the part. In continuous-feed machines, the part continuously moves relative to the working parts and is processed at the same time.

Depending on the method of processing wood and the type of technological operation, machines are distinguished between circular saws, band saws, jointers, thickness planers, four-sided machines, milling, tenoning, drilling and grooving, turning, grinding, etc.

To designate the type and machines, alphanumeric indexing is adopted. The first letter indicates the type of machine: L - band saw, C - circular saw, S - four-sided longitudinal milling, jointing, surface planer, milling, Ш - tenoning, SV - drilling, Shl - grinding, etc.

The numbers after the first letter indicate the number of working parts or units of the machine: for example, S2F - a jointing machine with two (horizontal and vertical) cutting tools, etc.

The second and third letters characterize technological features machine: LS - band saw carpentry, CDK - circular saw for longitudinal sawing with conveyor feed, SR - surface planer, FS - medium milling, SVPG - drilling and slotting horizontal, etc.

The numbers after the index letters characterize the main parameter of the machine or the model number of the machine: CP6-9 – thickness planer, table width 630 mm, ninth model, etc.

Main machine units

Differing in technological purpose and method of processing the part, woodworking machines have similar structural elements and functional mechanisms. The use of repeating normalized elements and parts in different machines is called normalization.

Sometimes machines consist entirely of identical components and differ from one another only in the relative arrangement of the working bodies. This borrowing of elements is called unification.

When machines are assembled from separate units that are produced by specialized factories, such machines are called modular.

Elements of machine tools are divided according to the functions they perform. For installation and installation of all components of the machine, it is used bed. It is installed on a foundation or special vibration-isolating supports. On the bed there are body parts that take up the loads from the working parts and form the contour of the machine - base, racks, cross members, traverses, brackets, etc. The body parts do not move during operation, but in some cases their position can be changed before processing begins products.

The requirement for the frame and body parts is accuracy and rigidity, since these indicators affect the quality of processing of the parts.

The machine units that provide the main movement are called cutting mechanism. The cutting mechanism is made in the form of a knife shaft, spindle or saw shaft. The cutting tool is attached to them.

The next unit is feed mechanism. It is designed to ensure the supply of the workpiece. It is made in the form of a conveyor, rollers or rollers. (In cycle machines, the feed mechanism is a movable table or carriage.)

The location of the workpiece relative to the cutting tool is determined by special devices. They include the basic elements of the machine: tables, guide rulers, squares, stops, clamping devices. With their help, a stable position of the workpiece in feed-through machines is achieved. Clamps are made in the form of V-belts or tapes.

Positioning machines use clamps in the form of blocks and plates. To prevent damage to the part, the working elements of the clamps are equipped with removable rubber pads.

To ensure adjustment movements, calipers are used, which can be adjusted manually or by mechanical drive. The caliper has precisely machined surfaces called guides. The same guides are on the frame or body part, and the caliper is installed on them.

Fencing and safety devices. They come in the form of caps, casings, covers. These parts of the machine protect the worker from accidentally touching the moving mechanisms of the machine. (The guards are interlocked with the machine drive so that when they are removed the machine automatically turns off.)

The machines are controlled using flywheels, pedals, handles, buttons and switches. In complex machines, the controls are made in the form of a remote control, on which there are buttons for turning the working elements on and off.

And the last thing is the auxiliary elements. These include devices for lubricating the rubbing parts of the machine: oilers, syringes, oil supply pumps.

Base devices serve to ensure high-quality processing of the part - with their help, the workpiece is oriented, positioned and secured in the desired position relative to the working parts of the machine. Orientation of the workpiece is done manually or with a special orienting device: screw rollers, disk, deflector plate.

Basing is a critical stage of machining, since the quality of its execution determines the accuracy of the machined part. The correct mutual orientation of the part and working tools in the machine is determined by the purpose of the technological bases. The technological base is a set of basing surfaces used to give the workpiece a given position relative to the cutting tool.

The workpieces can be rectilinear with a profile cross-section, in the form of a body of revolution or a complex spatial shape. The base surfaces of a prismatic workpiece are its face, edge and end, which are respectively called the main, guide and thrust surfaces. When positioning, these surfaces come into contact with the supporting elements of the machine. Depending on the type of contact between the workpiece and the elements, a distinction is made between movable and fixed bases.

With movable basing, the workpiece is in a state of movable contact with the supporting element. When stationary, the workpiece during processing is motionless relative to the supporting elements of the machine.

Elements for basing parts are different designs. These are tables, guide rulers, stops, chucks, faceplates of lathes.

Tables for stationary mounting of parts they are massive plates with a flat working surface. The table for movably positioning the part must have a smooth surface with a low coefficient of friction. The edge of the table adjacent to the cutting tool usually wears out during operation and this part of the table is usually equipped with a removable steel pad. Guides are mounted on the table rulers or squares.

Sometimes tables are equipped with rollers or made in the form of a roller conveyor. If the rollers are driven, then they are not only installation elements, but also serve as a means for transporting parts.

In the area of ​​movement of the cutting tool, a wooden plate with a groove is mounted on the table, which ensures a stable position of the pieces of material being sawed off.

The guide rails of the machines are made in the form of timber with a smooth surface. The ends of the ruler facing the saw are equipped with removable pads. Sometimes guide rulers are equipped with rotating rollers, which reduces the resistance to feeding the material being processed.

Stops serve for precise positioning of the part along its length. They are recessed and folding. The stop must have sufficient rigidity, otherwise under repeated shock loads it may move, which will lead to defects.

The correct position of the workpiece relative to the table and guide ruler during pass-through processing is achieved by side and top clamps. Clamps are made in the form of a block, a spring-loaded shoe, or flexible plates with a sliding working surface. To reduce sliding friction, a roller clamp is used.

On machines with transverse feed of parts, the clamping device is made in the form of two parallel units equipped with endless V-belts. The belts are driven by friction forces against the workpiece. Belt tension can be adjusted by shifting the pulley axis relative to the clamp body.

Setting up and setting up machines

The geometric accuracy of the machine, its correct setup and configuration have a significant impact on the quality of parts processing.

Woodworking machines are divided into four classes according to the accuracy of the work performed: special precision (O), ensuring processing accuracy of 10-12 qualifications; increased accuracy (P), ensuring processing accuracy according to the 11-12th qualifications (milling, four-sided, etc.); medium precision (C), providing processing at 13-15 qualifications (turning, drilling, etc.); normal accuracy (N), ensuring processing accuracy according to 14-18 qualifications (band saws, circular saws, etc.).

Let's consider the main causes of errors during mechanical processing of wood.

Geometric inaccuracy of the machine and its wear. It's no secret that machine parts are often manufactured with errors. During the assembly process of the machine, these errors are summed up, thus the accuracy of the location of the working surfaces of the machine is violated. The accuracy of the machine is also affected by the wear of parts during operation.

Distortion of the shape of the cutting edge of the cutter during sharpening, error when installing and securing the cutting tool, as well as its runout.

The clamping and installation elements of the fixture have errors even with the most careful manufacturing. When installing a workpiece into a fixture, alignment errors occur. Elastic deformations occur in the fixture under the action of clamping and cutting forces, which also reduce the processing accuracy.

Insufficient rigidity of the machine-device-tool-part system (AIDS). The rigidity of this system is the ability to provide the necessary processing accuracy under the loads that arise during the operation of the machine.

When processing a batch of workpieces, the cutting forces change depending on the amount of processing allowance, the degree of dullness of the tool and the mechanical properties of the wood, which causes elastic deformations of the AIDS technological system. Deformations disrupt the location of the machine's mounting surfaces and processing accuracy decreases.

Errors when setting up the machine. Errors arise due to incorrect readings, measurement errors of test parts, and inaccuracy of the control and measuring instrument. These errors and inaccuracies form the resulting machining error.

Setting up the machine– this is the regulation and coordination of the interaction of all elements of the machine, the establishment of processing modes, test run and control of processed parts.

Size adjustment machine tools are actions to ensure the required accuracy of the location of the cutting tool relative to the installation elements of the machine (tables, stops).

Static setting using measuring devices built into the machine is that the machine operator moves the working element to the required adjustment size and at the same time controls the amount of movement along the reading device.

Static adjustment of the machine according to the standard (template) consists of adjusting the position of the tool until its blades touch the working surface of the template. The permissible deviation for the setting size must be less than the permissible deviation for the size of the part to be processed. (Often a part previously made on a machine is used as a standard.)

Standards are used when setting up multi-spindle machines and in cases where it is necessary to simultaneously take into account several adjustment dimensions or relative positions of cutting tools processing a part of complex shape.

Standard tuning does not always provide the required accuracy. After processing a certain number of parts, additional adjustment and subtuning machine

Static machine adjustment using universal measuring instruments is used in machines that are adjusted to one adjustment size or in machines that do not have a built-in reading device. Magnetic stands, micrometers, and calipers are used as measuring tools. Control of the movement of the working element at the time of its adjustment allows you to achieve high accuracy of adjustment.

Static adjustment using adjustment and measuring devices ensures high accuracy. These devices are designed for a specific machine and the manufacture of a specific part.

Often the machine is set up by producing test parts. In this case, the machine is first set up using a built-in measuring device or other means. Pre-tuning is performed with less accuracy than static tuning. Typically, the value of the initial adjustment size differs significantly from the average size of the part and is chosen so that when processing the parts, their size is slightly larger than necessary, which eliminates the production of irreparable defects. After preliminary rough adjustment, test workpieces are processed, the parts are checked with a gauge or measuring tool.

This adjustment with control of parts by a limit gauge is carried out with the same working gauge, which is used later when inspecting parts of the entire batch. If the sample size is within tolerance, the adjustment is considered correct.

Setting by test parts allows you to determine, based on the measurement results, the average value of the size of three to five test parts and the scattering field of the proportions. As a result of the adjustment, a new value of the adjustment size is obtained. If this size is within tolerance, the entire batch of parts is processed.

This method of calculating the amount of adjustment is used when processing a small batch of parts, when tool wear is small and cannot have a significant impact on the processing accuracy.

Circular saws

The technological operation of cutting wood materials is performed on circular saws. The cutting can be preliminary and finishing.

The following types of cutting are used on circular saws.

Trimming of boards and timber blanks is carried out on cross cutting machines. They can be single- or multi-sawed, on which several workpieces can be cut simultaneously.

Rice. Universal circular saw Ts6-2:

1 – saw shaft, 2 – table, 3 – movable stop square, 4 – fence, 5 – guide ruler

Longitudinal cutting of lumber and blanks is carried out on circular saws for longitudinal cutting. On multi-saw machines, several bars or slats are cut from one wide workpiece in one pass. The saw shafts of these machines can have up to five or more saw blades.

When it is necessary to cut material not only in the transverse and longitudinal directions, but also at an oblique angle, such cutting is performed on universal circular saws.

The cutting of sheet materials and slabs into panel parts is carried out on cutting machines, the edges are filed on format-edging machines. If parts with profile edges are needed, formatting machines are equipped with profile cutters to do the job.

Rice. Cutting machine TsDK4-3:

1 – table, 2 – caterpillar chain, 3 – clamping device support housing, 4 – rollers, 5 – saw, 6 – electric motor, 7 – handwheel for the saw shaft height adjustment mechanism, 8 – the same, clamping device, 9 – guide ruler , 10 – ruler clamp, 11, 13 – sprockets, 12 – gearbox

Based on the location of the saw relative to the material, machines with a lower and upper saw position are distinguished. The location of the saw and the direction of its rotation are chosen so that the sawing force presses the workpiece to the base elements of the machine.

In some machine designs, the workpiece is fed onto the saw, in others the saw is moved onto the workpiece.

The main parameters of circular saws are the greatest width and the shortest or longest length of the material being cut; these parameters also determine the overall dimensions of the machine.

The thickness of the material being cut is determined by the drive power of the cutting mechanism.

The material supplied to circular saws has certain requirements regarding size and shape. Non-standard sections or heavily warped material can cause defects and even breakdown of machine mechanisms.

The cutting tool of a circular saw is circular saws. Circular saws for cross-cutting with set teeth are used for trimming parts. To secure it to the spindle, the saw has a mounting hole, the diameter of which depends on the diameter of the blade and the thickness of the saw. The number of saw teeth is 48, 60 or 72. The teeth have a side sharpening along the front and rear edges and a negative front contour angle of -25°. The sharpening angle of the side cutting edges of the tooth should be 45° when sawing softwood and 55° when sawing hardwood.

Saws with carbide inserts are used for cross cutting. The teeth are made with an inclined back surface. Depending on the inclination, saws are left-handed, right-handed, or with a symmetrical alternating inclination.

Saws for mixed sawing must have teeth whose front contour angle is 0°.

To ensure high quality sawing, use planing saws with a negative rake angle or carbide saws with an alternating symmetrical inclination of the flank of the teeth.

Preparing for saw work includes straightening, sharpening and setting teeth. Saws must meet the following requirements. The number of teeth and profile must correspond to the type of sawing. The saw blade must be flat, the deviation from flatness on each side of the disk with a diameter of up to 450 mm must be no more than 0.1 mm. (Saws are checked with a straight edge or on a special device.) The sharpened saw teeth should not have shine at the angles formed by the intersection of the working edges of the cutter. Shine indicates that during sharpening an insufficient layer of metal was removed from the tooth. The difference in the size of the front angles and sharpening angles is allowed no more than +2°.

The teeth of a sharpened saw should be free of burrs, breaks and twists. Burrs from the side faces of the teeth are removed with a fine-grained grinding stone. The quality of saw sharpening is checked with a universal goniometer or a template for checking the angular elements of the teeth. The tops of the teeth should be located on the same circle with a deviation of no more than 0.15 mm. The ring gear is leveled in height and width of the teeth by jointing, in which the material is ground off from the tips of the protruding teeth while the saw is rotated at operating frequency.

After sharpening, the saw teeth are moved apart - the tips of adjacent teeth are bent in different sides at 1/3 of their height. The amount of bending of each tooth is set depending on the cutting mode and wood species. The accuracy of the spread is checked by an indicator meter or a template.

Circular saws with carbide inserts are prepared differently. Preparation includes soldering the plates, sharpening and finishing the teeth, followed by balancing. Unbalanced blades can cause the saw blade to lose stability, cause excessive spindle runout, and cause unsatisfactory cutting quality.

Sharpening and fine-tuning of saws equipped with hard alloy plates is carried out using semi-automatic machines of increased precision. First, sharpening is done with abrasive wheels, then they are sharpened and finished with diamond wheels. Balancing is carried out using a special device.

Cross cutting machines. There are circular saws for preliminary cutting of boards to length and final finishing cutting.

Depending on the nature of the saw feed and its location relative to the material being cut, machines are available with a lower position of the saw, with an upper position and linear movement of the saw, or with an articulated lever suspension of the saw.

Cross-cutting machine with linear movement of the saw – TsPA40. In addition to cross-cutting boards, beams and panels, it also serves to make grooves. A support is installed in the upper part of the machine on roller bearings. The column is adjusted in height using a handwheel and secured with a handle. The saw support is fed by pressing the pedal. An electric motor is attached to the support, on the shaft of which a circular saw is mounted. The workpieces are based on a table with rollers, a guide ruler and end stops.

Rice. Cross-cutting machine TsPA40:

1 – handwheel of the caliper height adjustment mechanism, 2 – feed pedal, 3 – frame frame, 4 – column, 5 – column lifting screw, 6 – electric motor, 7 – fence, 8 – saw, 9 – hydraulic distributor, 10 – caliper, 11 – support rollers

Machines for finishing trimming of parts can be end-finishing with simultaneous processing of two ends of the workpiece (Ts2K12-1, Ts2K20-1) and with milling heads for taking a profile on the edges of panel parts (Ts2K12F-1, Ts2K20F-1).

On machines for preliminary cutting of boards, flat circular saws with set teeth are used predominantly. When required high quality cutting, use saws with plates made of hard alloys. They are used for cutting wood, particle boards and wood panels, veneered panels, and laminated wood.

For TsPA40 and Ts2K12-1 machines, the saw must have an initial diameter of 400 mm, a thickness of 2.5 mm and 72 teeth. Before installing the saw, check the quality of its preparation. Inspect the condition of the pressure washer and shaft journal. The supporting surfaces of the washers must be clean and perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the spindle. The face run-out of the washer surface is allowed no more than 0.02 mm on a diameter of 100 mm. The saw is put on the electric motor shaft and secured with a nut. The saw support is adjusted in height so that the saw teeth are located 5-6 mm below the working surface of the table. The adjustment movement is carried out using a handwheel, while the columns together with the support are raised or lowered. After adjusting the height, the column is fixed with a locking device.

The working stroke of the saw support is regulated by rearranging the limit stops. The limiters are set depending on the width of the board being cut, so that the idle run of the saw is minimal.

Then follows the dimensional adjustment of the machine. A distinction is made between trimming by preliminary marking and by installing the workpiece according to a scale on a guide ruler, or against a stop. Experience shows that setting the workpiece according to marks does not provide an exact size and can only be used for preliminary trimming of boards. It is preferable to base the workpieces on the stop.

Often, when trimming parts of different lengths, several stops are used with manual or automatic control. The stops can be adjusted to a given length. To accurately move the stops, use a scale attached to a guide ruler or rod. The placement of the stops is checked by checking the length of the parts obtained during trial cutting.

The feed speed in hydraulically driven machines is adjusted by changing the number of slide strokes per minute. The number of strokes is set depending on the type of wood and the cross-section of the workpiece. When trimming hardwood, fewer caliper strokes are used than when cutting softwood.

After setting up the machine and making sure that the saw rotates freely and correctly, proceed to test cutting. The resulting parts must meet the following requirements: deviation from the perpendicularity of the end to the face and edge of the part is allowed no more than 0.2 mm per 100 mm of length; The roughness of the cutting surface should be no more than 320-500 microns. Perpendicularity is checked with a square.

Conforming machines are set up differently. A moving column with a conveyor chain and a saw support is moved a distance approximately equal to the length of the part. Then, depending on the thickness of the workpiece, the saw supports and clamping devices are adjusted in height, then the position of the saws is adjusted to the required length of the part. After this, trial blanks are trimmed and the machine is adjusted if necessary.

Rice. Double-saw end leveler Ts2K12F-1:

1 – bed, 2 – handwheel for moving the support horizontally, 3 – saw supports, 4 – vertical adjustment handwheel, 5 – magazine feeder, 6 – guide boom

The cross-cutting machine is usually operated by two workers. A low-level machine operator takes a board from a dismantling conveyor and orients it on a roller table. Turns on the roller drive and monitors the movement of the board towards the machine. The second worker takes the board and delivers it to the saw.

If the machine has a mechanized saw feed, the flow of cut boards goes to the right and it is more convenient for the machine operator to be to the right of the saw. He presses the board against the guide fence and stop and, pressing the pedal, turns on the feed of the saw. The board must be perpendicular to the saw, and the edge of the board touching the guide straight edge, otherwise perpendicularity of the end will not be achieved. The second worker must monitor the operation of the dismantling conveyor and turn it on or off in a timely manner, focusing on the pace of his partner’s work.

When mechanically loading and unloading parts, the machine operator must monitor the correct operation of all mechanisms and adjust them in a timely manner.

Slitting machines. For longitudinal cutting of lumber into blanks, circular saws with roller-disc and conveyor feed are used. Roller feed machines are used for rough cutting. Conveyor-fed machines come in single-saw mortising and multi-saw machines with five or ten saws.

The machine with roller-disk feed TsA-2A is designed for sawing edges of unedged boards or slats and longitudinal cutting of lumber into blanks. The machine consists of a bed, a spindle with a saw, a table and a feed mechanism. The feed mechanism rollers are located under the table and protrude slightly above its surface. Two swinging arms are mounted on top of the frame, at the ends of which there is a front toothed disk and a rear grooved roller with a wedging disk of increased diameter. The wedging disk enters the cut and moves the parts of the workpiece to be sawn apart.

An adjustable guide ruler is used to cut parts to the required width. The machine allows you to install a second saw at a distance of 10-50 mm from the main saw. If a second saw is installed, additional front toothed and rear wedging disks are mounted on the upper feed mechanism.

The machines are equipped with round flat saws with set teeth. The amount of spread on one side of the saw teeth should be 0.50-0.60 mm when sawing coniferous wood with absolute humidity up to 30% at any time of the year, over 30% in summer - 0.60-0.70 mm, in winter - 0.50-0.60 mm, hardwood – 0.40-0.50 mm.

The diameter of the saw mounting hole is 50 mm. The saw must have an outer initial disc diameter of 400 mm, a number of teeth of 48 and a thickness of 2.5 mm. It is advisable to use saws with the smallest possible diameter, which improves the quality of sawing.

The smallest diameter is taken such that the saw teeth protrude above the workpiece by approximately 10 mm.

The saw must be thoroughly checked before installation. It is also necessary to check the condition of the pressure washers and spindle journal.

The saw is put on so that the teeth, when rotating, are directed against the flow of the material being cut. The difference between the diameters of the spindle journal and the saw hole should be no more than 0.1 mm. If there are significant gaps, the axis of rotation of the saw will not coincide with the axis of the spindle, which will cause radial runout of the teeth and unsatisfactory cutting quality. After installing the pressure washer, the saw is secured with a clamping nut with a thread opposite to the rotation of the saw.

When installing two saws on a spindle, a set of washers is placed between the main saw and the second saw. The washers are assembled so that the total thickness of the set is greater than the width of the part being cut by the amount of twice the teeth set to one side. Saws are selected so that they have the same diameter, thickness and tooth set.

The position of the lower feed rollers is adjusted depending on the humidity and type of wood. When sawing soft coniferous wood, the protrusion of the lower rollers above the table is 2-3 mm, hard deciduous wood - 1-2 mm. The accuracy of the roller position is checked using a control block and a feeler gauge.

When installing the guide ruler, move it a distance equal to the width of the part being cut. In this case, use the scale of the measuring ruler on the machine table. The guide ruler is fixed in a given position by the handwheel of the clamping device.

During normal operation of all mechanisms, trial blanks are cut. The feeding speed depends on the species, thickness and moisture content of the wood. When sawing hardwood boards with a thickness of 80 mm, the lowest feed speed is used; soft wood with a thickness of 20-30 mm is the highest. The speed is set using the switch handle of the multi-speed electric motor.

Multi-saw machines differ from single-saw machines by the presence of a block of saws mounted on one shaft. The distance between the saws determines the thickness of the parts being cut, and is regulated by installing washers of the required thickness between the saws.

A “diving” conveyor is used to cut boards to their full thickness and allow for free saw blade changes. The conveyor slides along two guides, which have a slight bend in the area of ​​the saw shaft and provide a corresponding deepening of the conveyor links under the saws.

In conveyor-fed mortising machines, round flat saws with set teeth are used. The amount of saw tooth set should be 0.30-0.50 mm when sawing coniferous wood with absolute humidity up to 30% at any time of the year, over 30% in summer - 0.60-0.70 mm, in winter - 0.40- 0.60 mm, hardwood – 0.30-0.50 mm.

On mortising machines, you can use planer saws, as well as saws whose teeth are equipped with carbide plates.

The saws are installed and secured on the spindle of the scoring machine in the same way as in machines with a roller-disc feed.

When working with planer saws or saws equipped with carbide inserts, the machine spindle must meet increased requirements for rotational accuracy. The end runout of the support washer is allowed no more than 0.04 mm at a radius of 50 mm. The saw is installed on the spindle so that its rotation is directed against the movement of the conveyor.

Attention! This is an introductory fragment of the book.

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Machine "SR6-9"

The CP6-9 machine is designed for planar planing of boards, bars, panels to a given thickness. The rigid, cast box-type frame dampens vibration well and is covered on top with a sound-absorbing casing with an exhaust funnel.

Dimensions of the workpiece, mm

Machine "TsPA-40"

The machine is designed for cross-cutting boards, beams and panels made of coniferous and deciduous wood. A machine with a solid cast frame, which is also a hydraulic tank, with a support moving along steel guides, a hydraulic cylinder and a separate electrical cabinet. Stepless adjustment of the speed of movement of the plate allows the operator to trim at an angle of 45°. The machine is controlled from a separate push-button remote control, located in a convenient place for maintenance. Unit assembly ensures maximum ease of maintenance and repair of the machine.

Dimensions of processed material no more than, mm:

Machine "PARK-7"

Designed for four-sided planing of parquet friezes to size according to the thickness and width and profiling of the longitudinal edges of piece parquet. Can be used for processing various bar parts.

Machine "PARK-8"

Designed for processing the end sides of a parquet frieze with the formation of a groove at one end and a ridge at the other.

Dimensions of processed workpieces by length.

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