2014 at the Siberian State Aerospace University named after Academician
The X All-Russian Conference of Creative Youth will take place " Actual problems aviation and astronautics" ( dedicated to the Day astronautics).

Students and graduate students of higher education are invited to participate in the conference. educational institutions, research institutes and employees industrial enterprises aerospace complex under the age of 30, as well as schoolchildren.

1. Technology of production of rocket and space technology;

2. Design and production aircraft;

3. Propulsion systems and thermal control systems for aircraft and spacecraft;

4. Modeling of physical, mechanical and thermal processes in machines and devices;

5. Models and methods for analyzing the strength, dynamics and reliability of spacecraft structures;

6. Advanced materials and technologies;

7. Machine design and robotics;

8. Electronic equipment and technologies;

9. Aircraft welding and related technologies;

10. Automation and electronics;

11. Mathematical methods of modeling, management and data analysis;

12. Information Systems and technology;

13. Information and management systems;

14. Methods and means of information security;

15. Information and economic systems;

16. Operation and reliability of aviation equipment;

17. Technical operation electrical systems and avionics;

18. Ecology of industry;

19. Industrial safety;

1. Content. The abstract must formulate the problems, reflect the object of research, the achieved level of the research process, the novelty of the results, and the scope of their application.

2. Text design. In the upper left corner is the UDC index; below, in the center, the initials and surname of the author (authors); then in the center are the initials and surname of the scientific supervisor, the name of the educational institution or organization, city; through the line the title of the report (in CAPITAL BOLD LETTERS) and (in italics) brief summary 3–7 lines long; followed by a space and the text of the report abstracts; a bibliography is placed after the space, to which there are references in the text.

3. Text volume– 1 - 2 full pages of A4 format (210 mm x 297 mm). Margins: right and left – 2 cm, top and bottom – 2.5 cm.

4. Text. Font - Times New Roman, size 12 pt., paragraph indent – ​​0.5 cm; line spacing is single, letter and word spacing is normal, word wrapping is not allowed; simple formulas must be typed in symbols (Symbol font), special complex characters, as well as multi-line formulas must be typed in the formula editor; tables must be numbered sequentially; illustrations are formatted according to the text with the tiff extension, dimensions no less than 60 x 60 mm and no more than 110 x 170 mm, captions are typed in 10 pt font; Page numbers should be written in pencil in the middle of the bottom margin.

"CURRENT PROBLEMS OF AVIATION AND SPACE - 2015. Volume 2 UDC 629.7.05 ANALYSIS OF NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT PROVIDING LANDING OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT..."

CURRENT PROBLEMS OF AVIATION AND SPACE – 2015. Volume 2

ANALYSIS OF NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT PROVIDING

LANDING UNMANNED AIRCRAFT

A. V. Puchkov, S. A. Aldaev

Scientific supervisor – G. M. Grinberg

Siberian State Aerospace University named after Academician M. F. Reshetnev

Russian Federation, 660037, Krasnoyarsk, ave. them. gas. "Krasnoyarsk Worker", 31 E-mail: [email protected] The existing systems for monitoring the automatic landing of UAVs are considered, the measurement errors of each type of sensor are calculated and the conditions for their use are formulated.

Keywords: automatic system landing, unmanned aerial vehicle, navigation equipment, GPS receiver, laser altimeter.

NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT ANALYSIS PROVIDING PILOTLESS

VEHICLES LANDING

Keywords: the automatic landing control systems, pilotless vehicle, navigation equipment, GPSreceiver, laser altimeter.

Small-sized unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are occupying an increasingly strong position among the general fleet aircraft and can decide wide range tasks at relatively low operating costs. Let's consider a class of small-sized autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles with a take-off weight of 10–50 kg. Of particular interest is the issue of automatic landing of these devices. The possibility of automatic flight is well developed and described in literary sources, for example in. Landing is an extremely difficult and critical stage of flight for all types of aircraft, and therefore the problems of automatic landing have not been fully solved.

Let us analyze the aircraft type of landing, which is most preferable for a UAV of the selected mass. Airplane landing is carried out in several stages. The first stage: having dropped to a height of 25 meters, the aircraft begins gliding, that is, the rectilinear and uniform movement of the aircraft along a downward inclined trajectory (along the glide path) to a height of 8-10 meters.

Then the aircraft is aligned along the course in order to get exactly onto the landing strip, and the aircraft is further lowered to a height of 1 meter. The third stage is holding, designed to reduce the speed of the aircraft. The final stage is landing, that is, touching the landing strip and running with braking along the runway.

There are several main problems when making a landing: firstly, it is determining the altitude in order to accurately determine the starting point of the holding, secondly, determining the vector of air and ground speed so that the landing approach direction corresponds to the selected glide path, and, thirdly, thirdly, this is the determination of coordinates and provision of a given horizontal displacement in the direction perpendicular to the landing trajectory.

Section “INNOVATIVE AND HEALTH-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES IN MODERN EDUCATION”

The main problem is that the majority of existing systems are either closed (commercial developments that are not available to the scientific community) or are too complex and expensive.

Let's consider the most accessible radio navigation equipment installed on a UAV, such as a GPS receiver, a high-precision GPS receiver in differential mode, and a laser altimeter. Let's look at each system separately.

GPS receivers. The principle of operation is based on the simultaneous measurement of the distance to several broadcasting satellites located in known and adjustable orbits. Based on mathematical calculations, the device determines a point in space - coordinates (latitude and longitude of a place on the model of the Earth's surface, as well as height H relative to the average sea level of the model). The disadvantage is the relatively large error of this receiver. There are two types of error, horizontal, which affects the accuracy of determining the length of the landing strip, that is, if the error is large, the landing strip may not be enough for landing. The second type is vertical error, which shows the deviation from the runway axis.

Let's use the triangle rule to calculate the required runway margin to ensure guaranteed completion of the automatic landing (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1 – triangle for calculating the required length of the runway.

Here x is the glide path angle; H – accuracy of the device sensor; L – the amount of change in the length of the landing strip.

N tg x =. (1) L The accuracy of the GPS receiver sensor according to the data given in is: horizontally about 15 meters; vertically approximately 27 m. If we take the glide path angle equal to 15°, then the error

L will be equal to:

tg15 Based on the results obtained, we can conclude that an open area is required for landing a UAV equipped with a GPS receiver. For example, a field, since a landing strip is required with a width no less than twice the horizontal error - 30 meters and a length no less than necessary to complete a landing with a margin of 100 meters. A common disadvantage of using any radio navigation system is that under certain conditions the signal may not reach the receiver or may arrive with significant distortion and delay. Since the operating frequency of GPS lies in the decimeter radio wave range, the level of signal reception from satellites can be seriously degraded under dense foliage of trees or due to very heavy clouds. Normal GPS signal reception can be interfered with by interference from many terrestrial radio sources, as well as from magnetic storms. approximate cost GPS receiver 4-10 thousand rubles.

Let's consider a high-precision GPS receiver in differential mode. The so-called differential correction mode allows you to qualitatively reduce the error in coordinate measurement.

In this mode, two receivers are used: one is stationary at a point with known coordinates and is called stationary, and the second, as before, is mobile (installed on board the aircraft). The data received by the base receiver is used to correct the information

CURRENT PROBLEMS OF AVIATION AND SPACE – 2015. Volume 2

assembled by a mobile device. The sensor accuracy for this device, described in, is 0.1 m. Using the triangle rule we find:

0.1 L = = 0.37 m.

0.27 Based on the calculations, we can conclude that this equipment can be used for landing UAVs on dirt roads, since landing can be carried out on a narrow strip with an insignificant length margin (0.37 m). Thus, differential GPS measurements can be much more accurate than conventional ones. A reference station with known coordinates calculates corrections and broadcasts combined messages to correct satellite measurements.

These messages can be used by any number of slave GPS receivers to eliminate almost all errors in their measurements. High-precision GPS receivers such as NovAtel, JAVAD, Gatewing costing from 200 to 800 thousand rubles are effectively used in professional UAVs.

The laser altimeter is designed to measure distances to natural objects. The device is distinguished by its low weight and overall dimensions, low energy consumption, high accuracy of range measurement, ability to operate in a wide range of temperatures and mechanical influences. Instrument error ±(0.03+0.001·D)m, where D is the distance (the height at which leveling begins). In our calculations we will take 10m as the distance.

Substituting them into the formula for calculating the instrument error, we get:

±(0.03 + 0.001 10) = ±0.04 m, 0.04 L = =0.15 m.

0.27 Laser altimeters (profilometers) have the highest measurement accuracy and a relatively low cost from 15 to 50 thousand rubles.

The advantages of the device are: very large measurement range (more than 1000m), high reliability of measurements; high measurement efficiency for signals from reflective objects at large angles; high speed work; low power consumption.

Disadvantages: lack of measurement for transparent objects, significant sensitivity in direct sunlight.

Based on the analysis and calculations carried out, the areas of application of each type of navigation measurement devices were formulated. For landing in open, wide areas, it is rational to use GPS receivers; for landing in conditions of limited landing strip sizes, a GPS receiver in differential mode. The use of a laser altimeter is justified if the accuracy of the GPS receiver in differential mode is insufficient.

1. Zinoviev A.V., Guziy A.G. // Problems of flight safety. 2008. No. 8. P. 40–49.

2. Krasilshchikov M. N., Sebryakov G. G. Control and guidance of unmanned maneuverable aerial vehicles based on modern information technologies. M.: Fizmalit, 2003.

3. Electronic textbook StatSoft [ Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.ra4a.ru/publ/1/8-1-0-360 (date of access: 09/2/2015).

4. Electronic textbook StatSoft [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.javadgnss.ru/products/oem (access date: 09/03/2015).

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From April 8 to April 12, 2013. at the Siberian State Aerospace University named after Academician M.F. Reshetnev will host the IX All-Russian Conference of Creative Youth "Current problems of aviation and astronautics" dedicated to Cosmonautics Day.

Students and graduate students of higher educational institutions, research institutes and employees of industrial enterprises of the aerospace complex under the age of 30, as well as schoolchildren are invited to participate in the conference.

Directions of the conference:

1. Technology of production of rocket and space technology.
2. Design and production of aircraft.
3. Propulsion systems and thermal control systems of aircraft and spacecraft.
4. Modeling of physical, mechanical and thermal processes in machines and devices.
5. Models and methods for analyzing the strength, dynamics and reliability of spacecraft structures.
6. Advanced materials and technologies.
7. Machine design and robotics.
8. Electronic equipment and technology.
9. Aircraft welding and related technologies.
10. Automation and electronics.
11. History, development and operation of rocket and space technology.
12. Mathematical methods of modeling, management and data analysis.
13. Information systems and technologies.
14. Information and control systems.
15. Methods and means of information security.
16. Information and economic systems.
17. Operation and reliability of aviation equipment.
18. Technical operation of electrical systems and avionics.
19. Ecology of industry.
20. Industrial Safety.
21. Metrology, standardization, certification.
22. Concepts modern natural science.
23. Economics and business.
24. Marketing and commercialization of space.
25. Control modern enterprises, industries, complexes.
26. Space exploration: history and modernity.
27. Problems legal regulation in the aerospace industry.
28. Contemporary issues economic theory and regional studies.
29. Fundamental and applied problems of the humanities and modern communications.
30. Modern technologies social and project management.
31. Innovative technologies personnel management.
32. Innovative technologies in financial management.
33. Management in knowledge-intensive industries.
34. Philosophy of space and astronautics: prospects for development in the twenty-first century.
35. Finance and credit.
36. Current problems in logistics and supply chain management.
37. Current political problems of space and astronautics.
38. Innovative and health-saving technologies in modern education
39. Youth, science, creativity (school section).

To be included in the conference program with a report (full-time participation), you must until March 29, 2013

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