The farm is engaged in cultivation. How to start a farm from scratch. Tax benefits for peasant farms

There are several forms of doing business, depending on the type and scale of commercial activity. When starting a business from scratch, many prefer to register as an individual entrepreneur, as this is a fairly simple and quick procedure. But if a person decides to engage in agricultural activities, he can also register farming. To understand what is better – an individual entrepreneur or a peasant farm, and to choose the optimal form of doing business, you need to understand the intricacies of each of them.

Peasant farms as a type of activity

A peasant farm (peasant farm) is represented by a group of people who are most often relatives, or for some other reason have joint property and are engaged in agriculture for profit. Members of peasant farms are engaged in the production of products, their processing, storage, transportation and sales. A peasant farm can produce any product, but only if it is agricultural: poultry, livestock, vegetables, cereals.

If you are going to produce products of a different kind, a form of business such as peasant farming will not suit you.

What are the advantages

Peasant farming has a number of advantages:

• support and privileges from the state;
• tax grace period;
• the possibility of using large plots of land, the area of ​​which exceeds 2.5 hectares;
• the opportunity to receive grants under support programs from various foundations;
• official registration of employees;
• preferential conditions for obtaining loans for the purchase of land and equipment;
• in the absence of violations of the law, peasant farms are not subject to inspection by commissions from local government.

Therefore, many rural residents who have sufficient initial capital to develop agriculture, they prefer to create peasant farms.

Disadvantages of peasant farms

Unfortunately, no form of doing business is perfect. And peasant farming has disadvantages, which, however, are not many:

• Large costs for registering a farm compared to a regular individual entrepreneur.
• Mandatory use of land intended purpose. That is, if your land is intended for growing cultivated plants, you cannot graze livestock on it.
• A participant in such a farm can be a member of only one peasant farm.

The agricultural business has fairly long payback periods. And if you want to speed up the process of making a profit, and also have some guarantees for yourself, you should follow a few recommendations:

What is IP

IP (individual entrepreneur) is individual, the person who formalized commercial activities and pays taxes. That is, an entrepreneur does not register a legal entity in order to engage in a certain type of business.

Registration of an individual entrepreneur - quite simple procedure, which does not require a long time and significant financial costs. Therefore, this way of doing business is suitable for those who want to start their own business from scratch.

Who can start a peasant farm?

A peasant farm can be created either by a group of people or by one person - the head of the peasant farm - individual entrepreneur. That is, the founder of the farm must already be an individual entrepreneur. Therefore, the concepts of peasant farms and individual entrepreneurs are closely related.

If the household will include more than one person, an agreement must be concluded between the co-owners. This document includes the following sections:

1. General provisions on the work of the farmers' association.
2. Information about the head of the peasant farm.
3. Rights, duties and responsibilities of all members of the peasant farm.
4. Rules for entering and leaving a peasant farm.
5. Regulations on the transfer of personal property into the ownership of peasant farms.
6. Distribution of profits from farm activities.

Package of documents for registration

Only one member of the company takes part in the registration of a peasant farm - the head of the peasant farm with the status of an individual entrepreneur. To register, he must collect a package of documents:

1. A notarized application for the establishment of a peasant farm signed by the head of the farm.
2. Agreement between members of peasant farms.
3. A copy of the passport of the person in whose name the company is registered.
4. Copies of passports of all members of the household.
5. TIN of all members of peasant farms.
6. Copies of certificates confirming the family ties of the co-owners.
7. List of OKVED codes.
8. Bank details.
9. Receipt of payment of the duty.

Peasant farm members

As we have already said, members of peasant farms are mainly relatives: spouses, parents and children, sisters and brothers and more distant relatives. Their number in a farm is not limited. For other people who cannot confirm family ties with the head of the peasant farm, there are 2 rules:

1. You can accept strangers into society, but only so that their total number does not exceed 5.
2. The maximum number of different families in a society is 3.

Registration forms

Previously, it was possible to register a peasant farm as a legal entity or settle on an association of people, among whom one would have the status of an individual entrepreneur. But in 2003, the Law on Peasant Farming was adopted, in which there was no talk of registering a legal entity. Since then, community heads have been required to register individual entrepreneurs and submit reports independently.

In what cases is a legal entity formed?

If you want to run an agricultural business with big amount partners who are not your relatives, you will not be able to register a peasant farm. Registration of individual entrepreneur of one of the participants and hiring of others according to employment contract does not provide guarantees to partners and does not protect their rights. In this case the best option LLC will be registered.

Individual entrepreneur - head of peasant farm

The main advantage of creating a peasant farm is that there is no need to register an enterprise. The main thing is that one of the community members has the appropriate status.

The head of a peasant farm is called an individual entrepreneur, and a farming society is opened at his place of registration.

The head of the peasant farm carries out all organizational work:

• acts on behalf of the community;
• organizes its work;
• signs all necessary documents;
• makes transactions with sellers;
• hires employees;
• maintains all records;
• submits reports.

Private household plot or peasant farm

The form of agricultural activity closest to peasant farms is private household plots. The difference between personal subsidiary farming and peasant farming is as follows:

• The owner of a private household plot works informally; he does not need to register as an individual entrepreneur, pay taxes and provide reports.
• Owner subsidiary farming cannot issue declarations and quality certificates for its products. Therefore, he produces products more for his own consumption, rather than for sale. Activities of peasant farms primarily involves making a profit.
• Private household plots can use no more than 2.5 hectares of land for growing crops. While for peasant farms there is no limitation in land resources.
• The head of a peasant farm has a better chance of receiving a loan, since he is perceived as an individual entrepreneur and not a private individual.

As you can see, private household plots are not a way of doing business; In order to make a profit, it is recommended to create a farm. But, unfortunately, not everyone can afford to buy a large plot of land. Others do not want to live in rural areas just to open a family business.

Peasant farm accounting

Since peasant farms are not legal entity, head of the community, agrees with federal law dated December 29, 1995 No. 222-FZ, can keep records using a simplified system. Financial statements, according to the law, must be kept according to a book of income and expenses. But different peasant farms can differ greatly in their scale. For large farms, the most common system of accounts and double entry will be. It allows you to reflect in detail all business transactions and processes.

Tax benefits for peasant farms

After receiving a certificate of registration of a peasant farm, the head of the community must choose a taxation system. Most often, in this case, a single agricultural tax is chosen, in which the community pays 6% of profits every six months. But for farms there is a grace period for paying taxes, which is 5 years from the date of registration of the individual entrepreneur by the head of the peasant farm. During this period, the farm does not pay taxes, which has a good effect on the payback period of the business.

State support for peasant farms

Peasant farms are one of the few forms of doing business that have received significant government support:

1. Support for lending to agricultural producers. Companies are given subsidies to cover part of the cost of paying the interest rate on the loan.
2. Financial assistance in the form of grants and one-time assistance for the creation and development of peasant farms.
3. Property support in the form of transfer of ownership of land plots, non-residential premises, transport, equipment, machinery, inventory and other state property based on a lease agreement on preferential terms.
4. Compensation from the social insurance fund in case of loss of a breadwinner.

Let's sum it up

You already understand that the concepts of peasant farms and individual entrepreneurs are closely intertwined. But in their pure form, these two types of business have significant differences. For a clear example, we have created a table of differences, which is better - a peasant farm or an individual entrepreneur:

The advantages of an individual entrepreneur over a peasant farm appear only if you want to run your own business. In the case of a family or partnership business, it would be better to register a peasant farm or LLC so that all business participants have the same rights and guarantees.

Peasant farm - history of formation and success: Video

To occupy the land in the interests of society and the state. Agriculture is now in particular need of development. At the state level, a number of programs have been developed and are currently operating to popularize and support farming businesses.

The essence of this activity is the production and sale of agricultural products (meat, milk and dairy products, eggs, vegetables, grains, etc.). If you have an idea to create a farm, where to start your business, you will learn from this article.

Where to begin?

Farming from scratch starts with a solid business plan. As an example, use the business plans that are available for download on the Internet. You can easily find on the Internet an indicative business plan for a pig farm, growing oyster mushrooms, breeding broilers, etc.

Legal registration is required. How to properly register an agricultural enterprise is prescribed in the law “On Peasant (Farm) Farming”.

At the same time, look for a plot of land to rent. If this is a farm, land will be needed to build barns and pastures. For entrepreneurs who choose to grow crops, land will become the foundation of their business. First, determine what you will grow and how much. And select a plot of land with the appropriate area.

Main directions and popular industries

For those who do not yet know where to start in agriculture, we advise you to immediately decide on the industry. Nowadays, farms are created in 2 directions:

1. Land cultivation - growing vegetables and grain crops.
2. Breeding – animal husbandry.

Farmers who have chosen the first direction are engaged in production:

• Grains (wheat, corn, barley, buckwheat, sunflower, oats, etc.).
• Vegetables (cabbage, cucumbers and tomatoes, carrots, potatoes, zucchini).
• Mushrooms (champignons or oyster mushrooms).
• Berries (raspberries, strawberries, currants).
• Fruits (apples, apricots, pears, cherries, watermelons).
• Greens (garlic and onions, parsley, lettuce, dill).

These are just the most popular crops. But this is not the entire list of what you can grow if you have your own farm.

Enterprises that are developing in a different direction breed on their own farms:

• Poultry (chickens, turkeys, geese, ducklings, pheasants).
• Animals (pigs, rabbits, cows, sheep, goats).
• Fish (crucian carp, pike, crayfish, trout, carp).
• Bees.

Decide right away which direction is closer to you. Some farmers work in several industries at once. For example, they grow vegetables, herbs and mushrooms. Or they are engaged in breeding goats, sheep and cows. Please note that the collection of vegetables and fruits is seasonal. To avoid downtime in winter, raise livestock at the same time.

A beginner should not aim for large volumes. To gain experience, start farming from scratch from a small production. Find a low-competition, but in-demand direction. The less competition in your region, the easier it will be for you to sell your products. So read the literature, familiarize yourself with the experience of practicing farmers (there are many articles and videos on the topic on the Internet).

This could be growing oyster mushrooms, breeding pheasants or rabbits. But pigs, milk, and potatoes are for sale in almost every rural household. You need to think about whether it’s worth joining their ranks, where competition is already high.

When choosing a field, immediately focus on demand and sales prospects. There are situations when a farmer has grown produce High Quality, but it turned out to be of no use to anyone. Demand is low or competition is high.

In addition to other farm enterprises, competition comes from small peasant farms. Ordinary villagers produce a little of everything, but in large quantities. Almost every family in rural areas grows crops and animals for sale. Moreover, if for many of them this is the main source of income.

Farming is an activity for the whole family

Creating a farm from scratch is traditional family business. And for good reason. After all, in the village there is not a single pair of working hands that are superfluous. Land is rented out without any problems, and there is a lot of it empty - take it, work and expand production.

It is much more profitable for a farmer to work with his family than to hire workers. Everything is in business, and the profit goes to the family budget. So if you have a large, hardworking family (you can also involve relatives), you won’t need hired employees. At least for the first few years.

If you want to start a farming business, but don't know where to start, watch the video on the topic located at the end of the article.

Where to look for financial support

Farming is an area that requires patience and endurance. It will not give instant profit.

And the profit and cost indicators in each specific case will be different. The average payback period for such an enterprise is 1 year.

For financial support please contact government bodies. Nowadays there are a number of special programs to support those who create farming business from scratch. And preferential conditions for beginning farmers.

If you are registered with an employment center, do not miss the opportunity to receive government financial assistance to start your own business. Required condition– availability of a business plan. So develop a plan for opening a farm and contact the employment service with it.

Who is this field of activity suitable for?

Agriculture requires constant attention, special knowledge and skills. And daily work, including physical work. If knowledge is lacking and the question arises: “Your own farm. Where to start?”, everything can be learned. But if you don't like physical labor and the rural lifestyle, it's worth considering whether farming is right for you.

To complement the above on the question of how to create a farm from scratch, watch the video posted at the end of the article. It is dedicated to breeding animals on your own farm.

Farm business is evidence that you can also make decent money in rural areas. Nowadays, young people are leaving villages in large numbers for large cities in search of work. But if you were born in a village and are used to working on the land, perhaps you shouldn’t rush to go to the city. There you will have to work for others. You can open your own farm to work for yourself and the benefit of your small homeland.

For those wishing to open their own business, it is becoming increasingly difficult to do so in the city. Profitable types businesses have tough competition. But you can start your own business in the village. One of the advantages of starting a farm is the small investment. We will try to tell you how to start farming from scratch.

To support business in rural areas, the state is implementing several programs that are aimed at supporting agricultural business owners. Tax incentives have also been introduced. Thanks to this, farm work becomes promising.

Where to begin?

The first step to opening your own farm is to develop a detailed and competent business plan. It is necessary to at least approximately calculate all the costs and obtain qualified advice from knowledgeable specialists, plan all actions. Ready business plan farming is your guiding thread. A successful start is half the success. All problems that arise will be resolved in due time.

You need a plot of land is your first practical task. There are two options - rent a suitable plot or buy it. The second option is more profitable in the future. Renting land is dangerous because the owner may refuse to renew your lease at the most inopportune moment. In the regions, the price of one hectare of land is approximately 2-4 thousand rubles. Even if you do not have large savings, the required amount will be available to you.

The first step is to find a suitable plot of land

After solving the problem of finding suitable land, decide what exactly you want to do. The most well-known areas of agricultural activity are breeding cows, pigs or poultry, growing vegetables and fruits, berries and melons, and fish farming.

Choosing one direction for a beginner in the agricultural business will probably be more correct. Experts advise starting with vegetables. As you develop your business, you will add new directions. Since high profitability is shown by farms that combine different types directions.

Beginners can start growing vegetables

Whatever type of activity you choose, there is always additional profit that you can make from it. Having your own raw materials, you can set up your own production. For example:

1. Growing fruits, berries and vegetables. Additional profit is the sale of frozen vegetables and fruits.
2. Raising pigs or cattle. You can start producing your own products - stews, sausages, deli meats. Raising cows will allow you to produce dairy products for sale.
3. Growing grains. Producing your own flour and cereals, maintaining your own bakery where you can bake all kinds of baked goods.

This list is approximate. You can add many more items to it. It depends on your desire to earn money, your capabilities and imagination. And, of course, do not forget about one important point - you need to take care of the sales market in advance. If you are new to business and don’t have sales skills yet, you can hire an experienced specialist. He will search for buyers and conclude contracts.

Quite often we hear that farming is expensive, too troublesome and generally very unprofitable. A completely opposite point of view is shared by a young farmer from the Prechistensky rural settlement, Vitaly Antipov, who has been growing potatoes for 7 years, and this year he registered his own peasant farm.

Crop production, be it the production of grains or vegetables, always involves some risk. Since the result of a labor-intensive process depends not only on the knowledge of production technology, experience and diligence of farmers. Not the least role in obtaining a high yield, and therefore profit, is assigned to the correct selection of crop varieties. The heavenly office often makes its own adjustments, the whims of which cannot always be foreseen. Every farmer must be mentally prepared for this and patiently overcome difficulties on the way to his goal,” says Vitaly, not without optimism.

This enterprising and cheerful young man lives and works in the village of Bykovo. He grows potatoes, gradually increases the area of ​​cultivated land, tries new production technologies and does not complain at all about life - which, to tell the truth, is very rare for beginning farmers. Of course, in his practice there have been failures more than once, there are still many difficulties, and this year’s harvest did not live up to expectations, but he is not going to give up and fall into despair.

WHEN HELP IS REAL

Vitaly Antipov knows firsthand how difficult the farmers' bread is. He grew up in the village, in a family of rural workers. Since it is difficult to find work in the rural outback, his older brother Maxim, together with his father, has been successfully growing grains and sunflowers for many years. From school, Vitaly developed the family agribusiness, helped in the fields, and took on any job. And when the time came to decide on the choice of profession, the capable graduate of the rural school easily scored the required number of points in the trial exams of the Moscow Agricultural Academy. K. A. Timiryazev, which took place in Lipetsk. From a large list of proposed faculties, Vitaly chose economics and a few years later received a diploma in economics-manager.

Having tried to realize himself in the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation - the Central Territorial Administration of Housing, Vitaly realized once and for all that desk routine work was not for him at all. Returning from Moscow to the village, he began farming with his family. Once, having grown potatoes on 1 hectare of land as an experiment, I became convinced that growing vegetables is not so difficult, and most importantly, profitable. So he gradually increased production volumes, gained experience, studied the features of the technology for producing second bread, and expanded sales markets. Having learned that there are many programs for aspiring entrepreneurs in the Lipetsk region, a year ago Vitaly turned to the district administration for advice and help, where the young entrepreneur was told how to start his own business. This year, V. Antipov took part in municipal and regional forums of young entrepreneurs, and even became a participant in the regional stage of the “Young Entrepreneur of Russia 2016” competition. Vitaly learned a lot of necessary and interesting information for himself; stories of successful development of farmers from other areas of the region inspired and strengthened the desire of the potato grower from Bykovo to work on the land and make a profit. Thus, with the help of specialists from the economics department of the district administration, V. Antipov prepared a business plan for the development of his business, collected the necessary package of documents and became a participant in the program to support young entrepreneurs, which provides subsidies for the development of his own business from the federal and regional budgets. Vitaly has already received part of the funds, thanks to which he reimbursed the costs of purchasing a trailed potato digger for the tractor.

INTO PERSPECTIVE WITH OPTIMISM

Today, V. Antipov, at 29 years old, is the chairman of a peasant farm, a successful potato grower who looks to the future with optimism. Using new Dutch technology, he grows ware potatoes on 9 hectares of land, which he rented for several years. His family provides the guy with great help and support in his endeavors. Vitaly selects potato varieties especially carefully, procuring some from the previous harvest, and purchasing new ones in advance. This year, Red Scarlett, Galla, and Rosalind produced a good harvest, although not what the farmer himself expected. From spring to autumn, the farmer himself takes part in all stages of production every day. During the season, only two people work in the field with him, but so far they can cope with the volume of work. Vitaly sold part of the harvest in the fall, and sent part for storage in a small vegetable storehouse, which he also rented for now. As a rule, it regular customers- these are resellers, local residents, as well as the wholesale base of the central city market of Lipetsk.

In the future, he hopes that there will be more customers, because he grows a natural product with minimal use of fertilizers and chemicals. The profit received today not only allows a young entrepreneur to fully provide for himself and his family, but also to make big plans for the future. Thus, Vitaly Antipov is planning in the near future not only to increase the planting area, but also to wash and pack potatoes in sealed containers. plastic bags. For this, of course, additional funds are needed, and therefore the young man plans to take part in the state support program next year and receive a grant. Looking at Vitaly, purposeful, self-confident, hardworking man, there is no doubt that only success awaits him ahead, which is what the SV editors sincerely wish for him.

Tatiana RUSOVA.

Many people are of the opinion that life in the village and farming are irrelevant. But think about it - after all, every day on store shelves we see the products of small private farms. In rural conditions, it is sometimes easier to earn money than in the city. By combining different types of agricultural production, you can get by with relatively low costs.

How to become a farmer? This business is not limited to simply raising pigs, chickens and cows and growing vegetables. It's a whole system. It implies the presence of a business plan for a farm with official registration of activities. In addition, there is a well-thought-out system for regulating expenses and income.

Farming from scratch: how to start?

As you know, a business always starts with an idea - regardless of the scale. Anyone who has decided to open their own farm must, first of all, decide on a suitable direction. On a farmstead you can engage in both crop production and livestock farming. The main thing is to think through everything correctly and create a successful combination.

That is why a thorough study of the characteristics of the production of various crops and raising animals will be required. Before becoming a farmer, you should learn about the incompatibility of individual areas. In particular, the cultivation of certain fruit crops is strictly contraindicated near areas where cattle are kept.

Having decided where to start farming, you will need to think about the material and monetary resources that the future business will require. Everything should be provided for - from the primary financial investments to the construction of premises for keeping animals, the organization of the farm territory, the purchase of feed and fertilizers. In addition, future farming will require mandatory registration. Most often, such activities are carried out in the form of individual entrepreneurs.

Farming: types of activities

If you decide to open a livestock farm, the farm will provide you with meat, milk, eggs and leather. In addition, no one will prohibit combining raising animals, crop farming, fish farming or beekeeping. The main thing is to remember that all animals will require care of the proper quality and adherence to sanitary standards.

Let's take a little closer look at exactly what directions may take place for individual entrepreneur in peasant farming.

We breed piglets

Pork is always in demand on the market and costs a lot. This business is quite profitable, because if you take this area seriously, you can, with good care, get up to 30 piglets from one sow within a year. Each adult pig is about 200 kilos of meat and lard.

For breeding, piglets are usually purchased at one month of age. They are less susceptible to disease and adapt well to new conditions. The room for them (pig sty) should be kept clean, insulated in winter period and be sure to provide vents. Crowding is contraindicated for animals. They are fed according to a schedule, with pauses not exceeding eight hours.

The food is greens (in large quantities), meat and dairy products and special feed for pigs. One pig can be purchased for an amount from 3,500 to 5,000 rubles. It depends on its breed, age and area of ​​animal husbandry. You can breed pigs by starting with purchasing a pair of healthy piglets.

Goats, cows, horses and sheep

In summer they are all able to feed on grass. They will need soft hay for the winter. good quality. For feeding, horses are given oats, and cows are given mixed feed.

The yield of a good dairy cow is up to 30 liters of milk daily. From one goat you can get from 5 to 8 liters, and the cost of goat milk is higher, since it is considered a delicacy.

Horses are most often used as draft power. Sheep are bred for their meat, which is also considered a delicacy. As for sheep, their wool has long been considered the most valuable material. Breeding both goats and sheep is one of the most popular and profitable types of business in the field. Agriculture.

Rabbits

Both fur and meat are obtained from them. At the same time, the animals are quite unpretentious in terms of keeping and breeding. A rabbit farm is a system of enclosures, cages, pits or sheds. The choice of premises for keeping is a personal matter for the farmer. However, certain conditions must be adhered to:

• Protect animals from direct sunlight and drafts.
• Provide adequate feeding.
• Don't forget about timely vaccination.
• Maintain cleanliness in the cages and provide the animals with high-quality drinking water on time.
• Remember the optimal temperature regime.

The diet for rabbits combines a large number of fresh fruits and vegetables in season with concentrated dry food. Hay and grass are quite suitable for feeding them.

Fish farming

These days this business is one of the most profitable. But doing it requires certain knowledge, as well as considerable investment. Agricultural enterprises such as fisheries are most often set up on the basis of artificial ponds, which can be of different types. It depends on the volume of production and preferred types. Due to the need for a large area for constructing a pond, the cost of this business may be overwhelming for a beginning farmer.

Who can you most often meet in artificial pond? Carp, crucian carp, pike perch, silver carp, carp and tench. Although pond fish are able to provide themselves with food, they still cannot do without feeding. Bran, cake, and mixed feed are used as it.

Starting around May, the fish are fed on “feeding tables”, which are heavy square-shaped wooden trays measuring approximately 50 x 50 cm. Each hectare of pond will require at least four of these “feeding tables” for fish.

Beekeeping

With the right approach, the profit from an apiary can be quite good. In addition, bees pollinate fruit plants. How are such agricultural enterprises organized? The location for the apiary is selected based on the principle of being deserted and remote from roads, close to the areas where honey plants are grown.

Then it is necessary to install hives with 12-24 frames, as well as an omshanik (winter hive). The beekeeper can buy hives or make them himself. To do this, the beekeeper will need a workbench, hand or power tools. Bees can be purchased both in bee packages and in full families.

Poultry breeding

It can be the most common - in the form of chickens, geese, turkeys and ducks. Or quite exotic for our area. It's about about breeding partridges, pheasants, guinea fowl, peacocks and even ostriches. The choice of breeds depends on the market in which the farmer wants to establish himself.

Where to start farming if you decide to start poultry farming? The most unpretentious option is the usual raising of chickens. These birds are inexpensive and unpretentious. From them you can get environmentally friendly eggs and high-quality chicken meat. There is somewhat less demand for ducks, geese and turkeys, but their cost is several times higher.

If you are thinking about breeding guinea fowl, pheasants and peacocks, then know that this is quite an expensive activity, and you will most likely have to sell them to private buyers or restaurants.

For growing poultry You will need to acquire an incubator, special winter-insulated enclosures, feeders, trays, as well as a certain space for walking. Most often, farmers purchase couples for divorce, or a certain number of young offspring, which are subsequently raised. Another option is to purchase eggs and put them in an incubator. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages.

To feed young chicks you will need cereals, boiled eggs, greens, cottage cheese, insects, as well as special feed mixtures. The diet of adults is almost the same. Their menu is dominated by grain - wheat, barley, oats. Vitamins and minerals should be added to the feed mixture.

Growing plants

Crop farming has always been and remains one of the current areas of rural business. After all, vegetables, fruits and berries are an irreplaceable component in the diet of any person. In addition, it is quite possible to grow flowers in farm conditions. The flower business has high profitability (from 70% to 300%).

The approximate amount of initial investment is from half a million rubles. With them you can rent land, purchase cuttings, incandescent lamps for greenhouses, which must maintain a constant microclimate and have well-fertilized soil.

Returning to the cultivation of herbs and vegetables, it is worth noting that their choice for farming is very diverse. Unpretentious species, such as potatoes, beets, carrots, radishes, etc., do not need any special conditions. If you plan to grow greens, cucumbers, eggplants, peppers, tomatoes and zucchini, you cannot do without greenhouses during the cold season.

Their construction, along with renting land, will require quite serious investments. The cost of seeds will be relatively small. In addition, in subsequent years you will provide them for yourself. The payback period for vegetable growing is quite fast. Already in this year you can get your first serious harvest. If you can’t decide where to start farming, vegetable growing may be the best option.

We grow mushrooms, berries and fruits

For mushroom farming, the most unpretentious (albeit expensive) are truffles. And the most common are champignons and oyster mushrooms. Mushrooms are bred in a special room where an even microclimate is maintained, in bags filled with mycelium and straw. You will spend from one and a half to two thousand rubles on truffle seedlings. Much cheaper you can buy a base for growing champignons and oyster mushrooms.

If you are going to grow strawberries, you cannot do without greenhouses. A number of varieties are also grown in open ground. Such a business will require starting capital about 100,000 rubles. Add another quarter of that for monthly expenses.

Raspberries are grown according to a different principle. Seedlings are purchased for it and the site is prepared. They do it in summer season, in the winter the bushes are buried in order to protect them from frost.

Cherries, sea buckthorn or apples are grown in specially designated garden plots. You will need to purchase seedlings and a special film for covering for the winter. At best, the harvest from young trees will last for next year. The fruit and berry business is profitable at a level of about 60-100%.

How to register your activity

Where to start farming in legal terms? Every business needs registration, and agricultural is no exception. The stages of the procedure consist of paying the state fee, notarizing the corresponding application, preparing and submitting a package of documents to the Federal Tax Service. Next, you should wait for the finished documents to be issued, go through the registration procedure with the necessary funds and receive a letter from Rosstat containing statistics codes. Of course, you should also take care of opening a bank account.

We rent land

You can arrange for renting a plot of land before the procedure legal registration. The rental application is submitted to the local administration. After the case is reviewed, you will receive information about where the proposed site is located. You will need to call representatives of the land management organization there. They will conduct land surveying and determine the exact boundaries of the site. Then the land is registered in the cadastral register and a corresponding passport is issued.

After this, the documents are again sent to the administration, which issues a decision on the transfer of the site. In addition, registration of the lease agreement will be required.

The state will help us

IN last years Assistance to young farms is a priority for the state. Now it is easy to get a grant for the development of such a business, the amount of which can range from one to four million rubles. It may be intended specifically for the creation of a farm or have a lump sum payment for a household device.

This money is purposefully given to a beginning farmer to rent or purchase land, develop a project, purchase the necessary equipment, carry out the required utilities, as well as purchase materials for planting, animals, feed and fertilizers.

Who can claim such a payment?

Money is paid to citizens of the Russian Federation of working age, heads of farms and peasant farms, the registration period of which is less than 24 months. In this case, it is necessary to have education and at least three years of experience in the field of agriculture.

The package of documents that needs to be prepared consists of a business plan for the farm, a breakdown of expenses with prices. Size own funds that will need to be invested in this case must be at least 10% of the grant amount. The recipient is required to create three or more jobs and spend the funds issued within 12 months from the date of issue.

Grants are issued based on the results of competitions, during which young entrepreneurs must prove the profitability and relevance of their future business. Such support can be considered an excellent way to solve the problem of initial capital investment. If payment is refused, there are other options for assistance from the state - in particular, in the form of a farm loan. In addition, various government subsidy options are possible.

Summing up

Modern business in the field of agriculture is not at all the same as the idea of ​​​​which is firmly rooted in the heads of many (a hard and dirty job, low-income and thankless). These days, farms are equipped with the most advanced equipment. The most advanced technologies are used in raising animals and plants. It is quite possible to maintain cleanliness and the desired microclimate in premises for breeding birds and livestock. Most operations can be automated, which will greatly facilitate farm work.

Financial support from the state is especially important in the current crisis. It allows farmers to develop their business. In addition, due to the widespread development of a network of cafes, restaurants and numerous private shops, as a rule, there are no problems with the sale of finished products.

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