Financial section of the business plan. Business plan. Calculation of financial indicators Long-term business plan sample with calculations

It is difficult to imagine a business plan for which you would not have to create calculations. All parts of the business plan require certain calculations: marketing, operational, production.

But the most important in terms of calculations is the financial part of the business plan. It is this that allows us to determine how profitable and sustainable the created business will be.

The financial part should answer the following questions:

• How much money will you need to start a business?
• How much profit will it bring?
• How soon will the business pay off?
• How sustainable and profitable will it be?

Each of these questions is answered by one part of the business plan. This means that the structure of the financial part of the business plan will include sections such as investment costs, profit and loss forecast, cash flow and assessment of project effectiveness.

Investment costs

The first thing you need to do when drawing up a business plan is to calculate in detail how much it will cost to create a business. This will allow the entrepreneur to understand how much money is needed to start a business and whether it is necessary to attract loans.

In this part of the business plan, it is necessary to take into account all the cost items associated with starting a business. For clarity, it is worth referring to an example. Let's consider a business plan for the construction of a car wash with two stations. You will have to invest both in the construction itself and in the purchase of equipment. IN general view The list of investment costs for this business will look like this:

• Design work
• Purchase of building materials and construction work
• Connection to electricity, water supply and other utilities
• Equipment purchase
• Installation of equipment

According to the owner of the Moydodyr car wash chain in Kazan, Aidar Ismagilov, the construction of a car wash will cost 30-35 thousand rubles per square meter, taking into account design work and communications. The total amount turns out to be quite substantial, which is why rental rather than turnkey construction is now more popular among novice businessmen. In this case, the investment plan will include both rent payments before opening the business and renovation of the premises.

Equipment costs will depend on the type of wash. If the car wash is a manual type, then it will be enough to invest 400 thousand rubles for the equipment. But for an automatic car wash, the costs will be at least 300 thousand euros.

For calculations, it is better to take a certain average price for each expense item. For example, if you need to calculate the costs of renting real estate, you should take into account not the highest and not the most low price per square meter, and the average price on the market. You can determine it by studying rental offers in your city.

It's another matter if the supplier and his price are already known in advance. For example, a car wash requires equipment only from a strictly defined manufacturer. Then the calculations need to include exactly the prices that he offers.

Knowing the required amount of investment will allow you not only to estimate how much money will be needed to start a business, but also how quickly it will pay off.

Profit and loss forecast

If you subtract the amount of its expenses from the amount of business income, you can find out what the net profit is. This indicator shows much better than income what the state of the business is and how much needs to be invested in its further development.

At the beginning of a business, expenses often exceed income, and instead of net profit, a net loss appears. In the first months or even a year of work, this is a normal situation. You shouldn’t be afraid of it: the main thing is that the loss decreases every month.

When making a profit and loss forecast, all indicators should be calculated monthly until the business pays off. At the same time, you should not make the forecast too optimistic: imagine that the income will not be the maximum possible, take the average indicators.

Cash Flow

For a business that is still at the starting stage, it is important to understand not only what its net profit will be. One of the most important indicators is the so-called cash flow. By calculating cash flow, you can determine what the financial condition of the business is and how effective the investments in it are.

Cash flow is calculated as the difference between cash receipts and outflows for a certain period. If we return to the example with a car wash, then in order to calculate the cash flow in the first month of its operation, it is necessary to take the net profit for receipts, and the amount of the initial investment for outflows.

In this case, it will be more convenient to calculate if outflows are designated as a negative number. That is, we add a minus sign to the amount of initial investment in a car wash, and to the resulting number we add net profit in the first month of operation.

To calculate cash flow in the second month, you need to find the difference between the result of the first month and the net profit received in the second month. Since the first month turned out to be a negative number, the net profit must be added to it again. Cash flow in all subsequent months is calculated according to the same scheme.

Project effectiveness assessment

By forecasting profits and losses, as well as movement Money business, you need to move on to one of the most important sections - assessing its effectiveness. There are many criteria by which the effectiveness of a project is assessed. But for a small business, it is enough to evaluate only three of them: profitability, break-even point and payback period.

Profitability business is one of the most important indicators. In general, in economics there are many different profitability indicators - return on equity, return on assets, return on investment. All of them allow you to assess the effectiveness of a business in its various aspects.

To understand exactly what profitability indicators should be calculated in your business plan, you need to refer to the investor’s requirements or credit organization. If the goal is to evaluate the profitability of the business “for yourself,” it will be enough to calculate the overall profitability of the business.

It's easy to do. It is enough to divide the profit of a business by the amount of its income, and then multiply the resulting number by 100 to get the result as a percentage.

It is difficult to name the optimal indicator of business profitability. It largely depends on the size of the business and the type of activity of the company. For a micro-business with revenue up to 10 million rubles, a profitability rate of 15 - 25% is considered good. How bigger business, the lower the percentage received may be. In the case of a car wash, the normal profitability indicator is from 10 to 30%, says Aidar Ismagilov.

Another indicator that needs to be calculated is break even. It allows you to determine at what income the company will fully cover its expenses, but will not yet make a profit. You need to know this to understand how strong the business is financially. To find the break-even point, you first need to multiply the business’s income by its fixed expenses, then subtract variable expenses from the income, and then divide the first number obtained by the second.

Fixed costs are those that do not depend on the volume of goods produced or services provided. The business incurs such expenses even when it is idle. In the case of a car wash, these costs include the salaries of accountants and administrators, public utilities and communications, depreciation, loan payments, property taxes, and so on.

Variable costs are everything that changes with changes in production volume. For example, at a car wash, costs that change with an increase or decrease in the number of cars washed are the cost of car chemicals, water consumption, and piecework wages.

Having received a certain number as a result of the calculations, you can correlate it with the profit and loss statement. In the month when the business's income reaches or exceeds the amount obtained as a result of calculating the break-even point, it will be reached.

Most often, the break-even point is not reached in the first month of business operation, especially if it is related to production. According to Aidar Ismagilov, in the case of a car wash, reaching the break-even point depends on the season. If the sink is opened in a dry summer season When there is little demand for services, they will be unprofitable throughout that season. If the opening occurred during the high demand season, then the break-even point can be reached in the first month.

Payback period business is one of the most important indicators not only for the entrepreneur himself, but also for his potential investors. For example, if the payback period of a business is too long, then getting a loan for it from a bank becomes much more difficult.

The easiest way to calculate the payback period is if the cash flow has already been calculated. In this case, you need to find the month in which, after adding the positive number of net profit with the negative number of initial investments, a positive number was obtained. This will mean that the profit from the business fully covered the first initial investment into it.

It is for this reason that it is necessary to calculate cash flow, as well as profits and losses, at least until the payback period is reached. The payback period for investments largely depends on the amount of investment costs. In the case of a car wash, the minimum period is 3 years.

Here are the main indicators that will need to be calculated in a business plan at the start of any business. Of course, this is far from an axiom, and depending on the requirements of investors, the state of the enterprise, its type of activity and other features, additional calculations may be required. Most of them can be done independently.

Term business plan came from the English expression business plan. A business plan is a structured document describing the stages of development of a company, its main activities, its strategies and risks. At its core business plan- this is a road map designed to lead a business to a planned goal, following the planned routes, taking into account intermediate stages, and shows the results obtained as a result.

💡 Should I write a business plan or download a ready-made one?

Often, beginning entrepreneurs when starting a business are faced with the question of downloading a business plan or writing your own? Of course, if you have sufficient experience, it is better to write your own unique business plan. True, not many entrepreneurs who are thinking about starting a business for the first time have the skill to do such activities. In this case, it is better to keep in mind that you need to write a business plan if your business:

• unique
• requires a lot of calculations
• implies non-standard stages of development
• implies non-standard risks
• there are non-standard format requirements, for example from a potential investor

💡 Where can I get a ready-made business plan?

On the Internet there is great amount paid and free business plans. Despite the greater variety, we recommend using the business plans presented on our portal. All business plans are provided absolutely free, contain detailed financial calculations and take into account risks. In addition, the portal presents a huge number of business ideas structured by areas of activity.

The financial section is responsible for providing summary monetary information. In general, all business plans can be written using different methods and according to different requirements. Their format will largely depend on the goals of the project, its scale and main characteristics. The same differences may be present in the financial sections of such plans, however, as a rule, the process of writing this chapter can be divided into several main stages, namely:

1. Calculation standards;
2. General production expenses;
3. Cost estimates and calculation of the cost of goods or services;
4. Report on main financial flows;
5. Gains and losses report;
6. Approximate financial balance of the project;
7. Analysis of the main financial indicators;
8. Description of the method(s) of financing.

Business plan financial plan structure

1. Calculation standards

At this point, it is necessary to identify and describe the following points:

• Prices that will be indicated in the business plan (constant, current, including or excluding taxes);
• The taxation system, the amount of tax, the timing of its payment;
• The time frame covered by the business plan (planning horizon). Usually, given period is about three years: the first year is described in more detail, divided into monthly periods, while next years are divided into quarters.
• An indication of the current inflation rate, inflation data for the last few years. Taking this factor into account regarding prices for Consumables, raw materials, etc. - everything that will need to be purchased to implement the described project.

2. General production expenses.

Salary data correlates with that previously stated in the organizational and production plans information.

Variable, situational costs depend on the characteristics of production, goods, and services. Various factors may be taken into account here, for example, seasonality. Make the correct calculations variable expenses is possible only by analyzing the volume of production of goods or provision of services and approximate sales levels.

Fixed, recurring expenses depend on a single variable - time. These expenses include expenses for business management, marketing, facility support, equipment maintenance, etc.

3. Cost estimates and calculation of the cost of goods or services

Cost estimates (investment costs) are essentially a list of expenses that will need to be incurred to implement the project outlined in the business plan. This point should be described in as much detail as possible, as it allows you to determine the financial prospects and efficiency of investments.

If a business project involves the production of certain products, the costs of its organization and implementation must be covered with the help of initial working capital, which is also part of investment costs.

Sources of such funds can be investments and, for example, loan funds.

The cost of products is calculated based on information about costs, salaries, overhead costs, etc. It is also necessary to take into account overall production volumes and sales levels for a specific period of time (for example, a month or a year).

4. Report on main financial flows

This paragraph includes a description of all cash flows. Undoubtedly, this report is one of the main parts of the financial plan, since it is intended to show that the project will be financially secure at any stage of its activities and that there will be no cash gaps during the project.

5. Profit and loss statement

At this point it is carried out financial assessment activities of the enterprise, describing its income, expenses, profits and losses.

6. Financial balance of the project

To write this section, you need to make a balance sheet forecast based on all previous calculations or existing reports (if the enterprise is already operating). This forecast is also divided into months, the first year, quarters of subsequent years and the third year of operation.

7. Analysis of the financial indicators of the project

Once you have a balance sheet, you can analyze the key financial indicators. A similar analysis is done for the entire period of implementation of the plan, after which results are summed up regarding the financial characteristics of the project: its sustainability, solvency, profitability, payback period, present value of the project.

9. Descriptions of financing methods

In this paragraph it is necessary to describe how the project will be implemented. There are several types of financing, namely equity, leasing and debt. The sponsor can be the state in the form of subsidies or loans, or private investors, and this must be indicated in the financial section of the business plan.

In the same paragraph, you need to describe the process of borrowing and repaying borrowed money, indicating the sources, amounts, interest rates and debt repayment schedule.

It should be emphasized that financial plan- This is the most important and complex part of the business plan. Any mistake made can result in refusal of financing, which means it is better to entrust its preparation to a competent person. However, if your project is simple and does not imply, for example, the production of large quantities of goods and their further sale, you can create it yourself.

Financial plan. For many new entrepreneurs, this part of writing a business plan seems daunting. The mind immediately imagines complex graphs, long and painstaking hours at the computer, searching for errors that have crept into the calculations out of nowhere, and, of course, nerves and more nerves. Can significantly facilitate the process and even make it enjoyable and exciting mobile app“Business calculations” from the company “1000 ideas”.

The mobile application was created to simplify financial calculations when preparing business plans. It allows you to determine with high accuracy all the key parameters of investment projects. Using it, you can easily calculate all the main financial indicators of the project, including revenue, net profit, constant and variable costs, payback period, cash flow (cash flow), and secondary ones. For example, make a more thorough and serious assessment of your project using so-called discounted performance indicators.

Working with the “Business Calculations” application is convenient in that the user can quickly estimate the prospects and profitability of a project by entering and changing the financial parameters of the type of business he has chosen. The final calculation is generated automatically based on user input, divided into nine steps. The results themselves can be viewed both in the application itself and by sending a more detailed version of them to your email.

We invite you to familiarize yourself step-by-step with the work of the “Business Calculations” application using the example of drawing up a financial plan for the “Cafe-Pancake House” project.

Stage 1. Choice of taxation system. First we enter the most suitable system taxation. If you do not know which tax system will be less burdensome for your type of activity, you can change the choice after receiving the results, and then compare the final calculations when different systems and rates.

In the case of the pancake cafe, we chose a simplified taxation system, the object of taxation of which is income, and where the rate is 6%.

Stage 2. Entering initial data. After choosing a taxation system, you must enter the initial data: the start date of the project, the start date of sales, the approximate date for reaching the planned sales volumes, as well as the refinancing rate.

If in principle everything is clear with the first three points, then the value of the refinancing rate should be found using the link provided in the application. From January 1, 2016, its value is equal to the key rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the corresponding date. In any search engine we find the value of the key rate for today. In our case, it turned out to be 9%.

Stage 3. Investment costs. The next step is called “Investment Costs”. In it you must include all the initial costs invested in real estate, for example, in the purchase or renovation of premises, in the purchase and installation of equipment and intangible assets.

In our case, in the “Real Estate” section we will enter the cost of repairing the rented premises (500 thousand rubles), in the “Equipment” column - a list of production and commercial equipment for the production of pancakes (389 thousand rubles), and in “Intangible assets” (115 thousand rubles) - the costs of registering an LLC and obtaining permits from various authorities (SES, Gospozhnadzor), as well as the costs of conducting a starting advertising campaign.

Stages 4-5. Selecting a method for calculating income and entering income. Next, you have to choose one of three methods for calculating income: “Calculation of income from the production and sale of products and services”, “Calculation of income based on the average check amount”, “Calculation of income based on planned monthly revenue”.

The most convenient way is to calculate income based on the average check amount. By varying the size of the average check and the number of customers per day, you can quickly estimate under what conditions the business will be highly profitable, and under what conditions it will not generate much income or even be unprofitable.

Please note that for the indicator of the size of the average check and the number of customers per day, you can set seasonality coefficients by clicking on the corresponding icon on the right and entering percentages between months.

For example, if in summer period the number of pancake buyers is reduced by half, then 50% is entered in the columns “June”, “July” and “August”. At the same time, if 70% more customers buy pancakes in the autumn, then 170% should be recorded in the corresponding months. Similarly, you can vary the size of the average check if it is subject to seasonality.

The simplest option for calculating income is calculating based on planned monthly revenue. It is suitable if you already have an idea of ​​what amount of revenue can serve as your guide. Taking it as 100%, you can also enter seasonality coefficients for planned revenue.

The third option for calculating income is calculation depending on the production and sale of products and services. It is primarily convenient for manufacturing companies. In it, you can calculate revenue by entering planned sales volumes for each product you sell.

To do this, you need to fill in the fields “Product name”, “Unit of measurement”, “Sales cost per unit. rub." and “Sales volume per month, units.” For example, in the case of pancakes, we can separately set sales plans for grilled pancake, pancake with salmon, pancake with salami, pancakes with sweet fillings, and so on. If your product pricing and sales figures vary by season, you also set seasonality factors for these metrics. Once you have completed filling in the data for one product, you can add the next product by clicking on the orange “+” icon.

Stage 6. Variable costs. After filling out your income data, you will be asked to enter your variable costs. The content of this step will depend on which of the three income calculation methods described above you choose. For example, with a simplified entry based on revenue, you will be asked to indicate only a single average amount of variable costs. If you are making calculations based on the size of the average check, then you will need to determine the cost of the average check. If calculations are made for each product separately, then variable costs will need to be indicated for each product.

In our example with a pancake cafe, to simplify the calculation, we took the cost of the most popular grilled pancake on the menu, which costs 135 rubles, as the size of the average check. Having calculated the cost of the ingredients included in one pancake (flour, milk, eggs, sugar, vegetable and butter, chicken meat, onions, tomatoes, cheese and white sauce in the required proportions), and also adding to this the cost of packaging, we determined the cost in the amount of 37 rubles. This amount became our cost for the average bill.

Stage 7. Fixed costs. The next step is called “Fixed costs”. Fixed monthly expenses must be included here. This could be rent, advertising, utilities, telephony and the Internet, office supplies, household equipment, depreciation, fuel and lubricants, etc. Much of this you can choose from a pop-up list. If the required column is not available, you can select your option. Fixed expenses also provide the ability to set seasonality coefficients for any expense item.

The key expense item for the pancake cafe was rent, advertising and communal payments(87 thousand rubles). We combined all other minor expenses into the “Other” item (6.8 thousand rubles).

Stage 8. Employees. Next, enter information about the company’s personnel. For convenience, the application is divided into administrative, trading, service, main and accounting. You need to indicate the position of the employee, his wages and the number of employees holding a similar position. If employee salaries vary depending on the season, it is possible to indicate this using seasonality factors.

Accordingly, in the example of a pancake cafe, we include all the necessary administrative personnel in the person of the general director and administrator, the main one in the person of the cooks, the sales personnel in the person of cashiers, and the service personnel in the person of cleaners. For the first time, to reduce costs, we choose a self-service format, so there is no need to include waiters in the service staff. By the way, if you suddenly want to add more employees or make any adjustments to the project after some time, you can always find it in the archive of the “Business Calculations” application.

Stage 9. Loan and other income. On at this stage sources must be indicated starting capital. Namely, how much was attracted own funds(filled in the “Equity Funds” section), and how much - borrowed funds (filled out in the “Credit” column). In the “Loan” section, in addition to the borrowed amount, you must also indicate the interest rate and loan term. If borrowed funds will not be raised, the fields in the “Loan” section should not be filled out. It should also be remembered that the amount of own funds should take into account not only the investment costs indicated at stage 3, but also working capital, necessary to cover losses in the first months of operation.

In our case, the Cafe-Pancake House project will be fully financed from our own funds in the amount of 1,254,000 thousand rubles, 250 thousand of which will be working capital.

Results. Depending on the data you enter, the program will calculate all the main financial indicators made for a three-year perspective, i.e. for 3 years of the project's existence.

At the top of the screen, sometimes you can see a message in red font indicating that your project is unprofitable or some of its indicators cannot be calculated correctly. In this case, especially if the results obtained do not satisfy you either, you can return to any of the 9 stages we described and make adjustments. For example, reduce fixed or variable costs, or increase income items. In this case, the data entered in the fields of other sections will be saved and you will not need to enter them again.

In the results section you can find a brief report that shows annual indicators for revenue, net profit, and variable costs.

From the data presented above, for example, we can see that a pancake cafe, with the parameters we have entered, will be able to bring in up to 1,215 thousand rubles by the time it reaches planned sales volumes. profit (yes, yes, this may not be real, but this is just an example). Moreover, the first month of sales will be unprofitable, requiring the entrepreneur to make additional investments in the amount of almost 160 thousand rubles from the working capital fund.

The payback period, cash balance, and break-even point of the project are also given. From the data obtained for a pancake cafe, we see, for example, that the establishment will pay for itself after 5 months of operation, and its break-even point will be almost 120 thousand rubles.

Financial plan of a business plan: how to carry out calculations to analyze the financial position of an enterprise + formulas for calculating efficiency + 3 stages of calculating risks.

Business must make money. This unwritten rule for all entrepreneurs.

But we don't always get what we want. Due to certain circumstances, income levels may drop sharply.

The financial plan of a business plan is aimed not only at identifying holes in the project, it makes it possible to correct activities for 1 – 5 years in advance.

What is a financial plan for a business plan?

To understand what the structure of this component of the business should be, let’s figure out what a financial plan is. What goals and objectives should you pursue to improve your own project?

The financial plan is a priority section for both new businesses and market veterans.
Displays all activities in numbers, helping to increase profitability and, if necessary, adjust development priorities.

A very unstable market forces experts, when analyzing a business, to pay attention not only to mathematical calculations of a company’s potential income.

The level of demand and the social component of the sphere of activity in which its development occurs are taken into account.

High competition in the market, constant rise in prices for raw materials, depletion of energy sources - all this affects the economic component in business development. under the influence of all these factors it can be very difficult.

Purpose of the financial plan– keep under control the level between the organization’s profits and expenses so that the owner always remains in the black.

To achieve positive results, it is imperative to find out:

• the amount of money to supply the production process with raw materials without loss of quality;
• What investment options do you have and how profitable are they?
• a list of all expenses for materials, salaries for company employees, product advertising campaign, utilities and other provision details;
• how to achieve high performance profitability of your business project;
• best strategies and methods for increasing investment;
• preliminary results of the enterprise’s activities for a period of more than 2 years.

The result of your efforts will be an effective investment management tool, which will make it clear to investors how stable and profitable your business is.

Mandatory reporting in financial plan sections for a business plan

In order to correctly predict the financial development of an organization, it is necessary to build on current indicators - this issue is dealt with by accounting.

3 reporting forms will help demonstrate all the nuances of the enterprise’s economic situation. Let's look at each of them in more detail.

Form No. 1. Movement of funds

Following Order No. 11 of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, every organization leading financial activities, is obliged to provide an annual report on the flow of funds through the accounting department.

The exceptions are small businesses and non-profit organizations– their performance analysis can be carried out without it.

It is almost impossible to draw up a financial plan for a business plan correctly without such reporting.

The document displays the movement of cash flows within the organization over a certain time - which is very important to know for analyzing the state of the company.

The report allows you to:

• find holes in financing and close them without stopping production;

identify cost items that are unnecessary.

Thus, there will be extra money that can be directed in the right direction;

• when forecasting in the future, use reliable information on the financial condition of the enterprise;
• anticipate additional cost items and allocate part of the funding for them in advance to avoid problems in the future;

find out how much the business is profitable.

You will be able to decide which direction will be a priority for the next 1-2 years. Where additional investment is required, and what should be completely covered up.

Form No. 2. Income and expenses of the organization

Provides an opportunity to see the potential profitability of the enterprise when financing various directions activities.

The document records all costs of running a business. There are simplified and complete forms for submitting information.

The simplified form contains:

• profit excluding value added tax and excise taxes;
• expenses for technical support of the enterprise and the cost of goods;
• interest rate payable to tax authorities and other expenses/income of the organization;
• net income/loss for the calendar year.

The purpose of using this document when you are drawing up a financial plan for a business plan is to identify potentially profitable areas that are worth developing in the future.

When making a forecast, consider:

• possible sales volume of the product;
• additional costs for production due to the instability of the financial market for raw materials and services;
• amount fixed costs for the production component.

The list will allow you to identify products that are in high demand and remove production where demand is minimal, in order to increase the cash flow of the enterprise.

Form No. 3. Overall balance

Any business plan must contain information about the assets and liabilities of the enterprise.

Based on it, the owner can evaluate the overall progress of business, based on the indicators of net income and cash expenditure.

Compiled at intervals from 1 month to 1 year.

Practice has shown: the more often the overall balance sheet is analyzed, the easier it is to identify problems in the business plan and eliminate them at the initial stage.

Components of a financial report:

Assets are all available funds that an organization can dispose of at its discretion.

For greater clarity, they are distributed depending on the type or placement.

Liabilities – display resources that allow you to obtain those same assets.

It is possible to use the allocated funds for future business financing.

Roughly speaking, assets and liabilities are the same indicators, but with different interpretations.

It is impossible to adjust the financial plan without this report. It helps to proactively track and eliminate gaps in the operation of the enterprise.

An integrated approach to the study of these 3 sources financial condition project will help to impartially assess the progress of affairs. Numbers never lie.

Estimated component of the financial plan

After studying the financial condition of the enterprise, you need to analyze possible risks and carry out calculations of the optimal ways to make a profit in the business.

Here the process should be divided into 3 stages, each of which will be discussed in more detail below.

Stage 1. Taking into account risks in the financial plan of the business plan

Risk is a noble cause, but not in business. Drawing up a financial plan is aimed at preventing unpleasant situations.

Your goal is to consider all possible outcomes and choose the path that involves minimal loss of money.

Risks are divided into 3 types according to their sphere of influence:

1. Commercial– the cause is relationships with business partners, as well as the influence of environmental factors.

   External commercial risk factors:

   • decrease in demand for manufactured products;
   • the emergence of unexpected competition in the market;
   • deception on the part of business partners (low-quality raw materials, delayed delivery of equipment and goods, etc.);
   • volatility of prices for services and technical support for business.

   This is not the entire list of external reasons that can affect the project.

   You should start from the sphere of activity of the organization and adapt to each case on an individual basis.

2. Financial— unforeseen business expenses or receipt of unforeseen profits.

   Causes of financial risks:

   • late payment for products by customers and other types of receivables;
   • increase in interest rates by lenders;
   • innovations in the legislative system, which entail an increase in prices for running a business;
   • currency instability on the world market.

   Financial risks allow you to anticipate unexpected business losses and protect yourself in advance from complete collapse.

3. Production– changing the operating mode of the enterprise due to unforeseen circumstances.

   Causes of production risks:

   • incompetence of workers, protests and strikes that disrupt the work schedule of the enterprise;
   • production of low-quality products leading to a decrease in sales;
   • the production process misses such a point as checking the quality of products.

   If you do not pay attention to these issues when making a financial plan, the business can suffer huge losses.

To prevent such outcomes, the owner must take preventive measures. These include risk insurance, analysis of the activity of competitors in the market and accumulation of a reserve for unforeseen financial expenses.

Stage 2. Effectiveness of the financial plan

An important step in creating a financial plan. Business profitability and payback – main indicators effective activities On the market.

Analysis of these aspects will make it possible to predict the further development of the enterprise a year in advance.

Let's look at which indicators are the most significant when drawing up a financial plan:

Net present value(Net Present Value - NPV) - the amount of expected profit from calculating the cost of the product at the current moment.

Why is it necessary to calculate this indicator?

Discounted income shows the potential return on investments made in a business with an expectation of 1-2 quarters in advance.

Reasons for changing NPV:

• investments bring the predicted profit;
• inflation;
• risks of loss of investment.

If the calculations showed the value “0”, you have reached the point of no loss.

Business profitability– a comprehensive indicator of financial performance.
The concept shows the owner how successful his business is and whether it consistently generates income.

If the value is negative, your company incurs only losses.

Profitability indicators are divided into 2 groups:

1. Sales ratio– percentage of income from each unit of currency.

   The indicator gives an idea of ​​the correctness pricing policy business and the ability to keep costs under control.

2. Return on asset– relative importance of work performance.

   Allows you to see the possibility of making a profit from the enterprise.

The financial plan must include measures to increase profitability through organizational and financial procedures.

Payback period– a time indicator of the period of full payback of funds invested in a business.

Based on this value, investors choose business projects, which make it possible to recoup the invested money in the shortest possible time and proceed to direct profit.

There are simple and dynamic indicators of project payback.

In the first case, this is the period of time during which the investor will receive back the invested money.

With a dynamic indicator, data on the value of money is taken into account, depending on the inflation threshold throughout the entire time.

The dynamic indicator is always higher simple term payback.

The table below shows the formulas for calculating the 3 main performance indicators that will be required when drawing up a financial plan for a business plan:

The easiest way to carry out the necessary calculations is through a specialized software at your enterprise.

If you are a private owner and only then use demo versions of accounting software products. They will significantly reduce the time spent on calculations when drawing up a financial plan.

Stage 3. Final analysis

The more nuances you notice when drawing up a financial plan for a business plan, the fewer problems will await you in the future.

Creating a plan from scratch will take a lot of time; it is much easier to correct weak points and bring the business to a permanent profit.

When a financial plan can be called successful:

• high income rates with minimal expenditure of money;
• forecasting and eliminating risks at the initial stages;
• comparing the competitiveness of your idea with others;
• availability of investments and material and technical base;
• documentary evidence of the profitability of the enterprise.

Details about the formation of a financial plan

and about its main components in this video:

Business plan financial plan contains many subtleties, but we have successfully covered the basics that must be present.

The right approach to doing business starts with the simplest thing - analysis. The numbers will point out shortcomings and give a push in the right direction to increase the profitability of the enterprise.

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