Fine art of the 17th century in Europe presentation. Art of Western Europe of the 17th century. “Man is just a reed, the weakest of nature’s creations, but he is a thinking reed.” B. Pascal

general characteristics art Painting comes first. Two styles: baroque and classicism The flourishing of gardening art An individual approach to man The world is a contradictory, changeable unity A different perception of nature The flourishing of large national art schools in Italy, Flanders, Spain, France, Holland.

The flourishing of gardening art, regular “French” parks and landscape “English” parks with bosquets, alleys, parterres and ponds of geometrically regular shapes, with their rectilinear paths and curly forms of carefully trimmed bushes, emphasized man’s absolute control over nature. a picturesque composition like a natural landscape with lawns affirms the highest value of that art that is indistinguishable from nature.

Development of fine arts Expansion of themes, development of new independent genres or development and deepening of those that already existed during the Renaissance Increased interest in the individual personality, in all the features of its physical appearance and character, emphasized attention to the inner world of a person Rise of portrait art Development of a psychological portrait.

Perception of reality Artists of the 17th century perceived reality more holistically. Now a prominent place in art is occupied by genres that were not common before, for example, the everyday genre, the depiction of animals, and still life. A completely new understanding of composition. It becomes more natural and dynamic, depth and space are boldly used. Coloristic achievements of art

Classicism Translated from Latin – classicus – exemplary. The world is a rationally organized mechanism, the desire for reason and order. Classicism is characterized by symmetry, harmony, sublimity of artistic language, and the predominance of light colors. The ideal for classics is antiquity.

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Art Western Europe 17th century
Filippova Svetlana Viktorovna, history teacher, GBOU gymnasium 1507

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“Man is just a reed, the weakest of nature’s creations, but he is a thinking reed.” B. Pascal.

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Features of the perception of the world in the 17th century
A contradiction appears between the ideals of humanism and harsh reality. A person has no control over himself and his destiny. A person depends on circumstances and time, is in perpetual motion and change. Tragic shades appear

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Pessimism and optimism of great writers
Writers of the 16th-17th centuries did not idealize man; they were fully aware of his weaknesses and vices. They saw how selfishness, passion for profit, and cruelty continued to reign in the world, and they felt this acutely. But still, in spite of everything, they wanted to believe that thanks to reason and the best spiritual qualities of people, goodness would triumph in the world.

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Cervantes and his Knight of the Sorrowful Countenance.
In 1605, a book was published, the fame of which quickly spread throughout Europe. We are talking about “The Cunning Hidalgo Don Quixote de La Manca” by Miguel Cervantes de Saavedra. The author of Don Quixote came from an impoverished noble family. He fought all his life, was captured, was wounded three times, but never improved his financial situation. Poverty forced him to take up literature. He was the author of poems, plays and short stories, but it was Don Quixote that brought him fame in his old age.
(1547-1616)

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“Don Quixote” was conceived as a parody of popular chivalric novels, after reading which, the semi-impoverished nobleman Alonso Quijana began to dream of chivalric deeds. In search of glory, he goes on a journey with a simple peasant, whom he elevated to squire, Sancho Panza.

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The image of Don Quixote is a symbol of courage and selflessness
The exploits of Don Quixote turn out to be ridiculous in comparison real life: he mistakes inns for castles, maids for beautiful ladies, fights with windmills. However, irony gradually gives way to sympathy for the hero of the novel, who strives everywhere to restore justice, help the weak, and protect the offended.

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William Shakespeare 1564-1616
Born in the provincial town of Stratford-upon-Avon. He unexpectedly broke with burgher life, with his family, and went to London to join the restless tribe of actors. His plays were staged at the Globus Theater.
brilliant English playwright

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“The whole world is a theater, and the people in it are actors.” The images created by Shakespeare are so vivid and psychologically accurate that they have become household names.
Symbol of all-conquering love - Romeo and Juliet
Symbol of jealousy - Othello

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Symbol of painful doubts - Hamlet

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General characteristics of art
Painting comes first. Two styles: baroque and classicism The flourishing of landscape gardening art An individual approach to man The world is a contradictory, changeable unity A different perception of nature The flourishing of large national art schools in Italy, Flanders, Spain, France, Holland.

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Perception of reality
Artists of the 17th century perceived reality more holistically. Now a prominent place in art is occupied by genres that were not common before, for example, the everyday genre, the depiction of animals, and still life. A completely new understanding of composition. It becomes more natural and dynamic, depth and space are boldly used. Coloristic achievements of art

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Development of fine arts. Character traits.
Expansion of topics, development of new independent genres or development and deepening of those that already existed during the Renaissance Increased interest in the individual personality, in all the features of its physical appearance and character, emphasized attention to the inner world of a person Rise of portrait art Development of a psychological portrait.

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Baroque art
A new artistic style arose in Italy. The Italian term meant "bizarre", "strange". In the 17th century, he quickly captured all of Europe, especially Catholic countries. Baroque is full of movement, emotions, passions, religious ecstasy. It is characterized by emphasized decorativeness and entertainment; the imagination of artists and architects knew no bounds - they turned building facades and sculptural compositions into a semblance of flowing, seething and billowing waves

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In Spain, the 17th century was marked by the rise of religious painting
Francisco Zurbaran
Jusepe Ribera

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The brightest representative of Baroque architecture was Gian Lorenzo Bernini
Baroque was the favorite style of the Catholic Church. Bernini created the ensemble of the square in front of St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican.
(1598-1680)

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Bernini was a talented sculptor who knew how to convey in his works:
moment of highest emotional tension in the sculpture “The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa”
moment of impetuous movement, flight in the sculpture “Apollo and Daphne”

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His painting seemed very unusual to his contemporaries due to the sharp contrasts of light and shadow. Caravaggio's characters are full of mystery and significance, although they are just ordinary peasant youths.
One of the most interesting Italian artists of the 16th-17th centuries was Michelangelo da Caravaggio (1573-1610)

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Paintings by Caravaggio
"Card Sharpers"
"Young Man with a Lute"

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Baroque
Baroque is intended to glorify the monarchy, the church and the aristocracy. Diego Velasquez:
Pope Innocent X
Portrait of a court dwarf
Portrait of Philip IV

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Diego Velazquez 1599-1660
He was the court artist of King Philip IV, leaving a magnificent gallery of portraits of the monarch, his relatives, and court entourage.
The greatest Spanish artist of the 17th century worked in the genre of ceremonial portraiture.

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Portrait of Pope Innocent X
Velazquez was not only an excellent colorist, but also a subtle psychologist who knew how to convey the character of his hero. “Too truthful!” - this is what Innocent X said about his portrait.

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Paintings by Velazquez
Infanta
Prince Balthazar

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Velazquez also loved to paint scenes of peasant life, portraits of common people, sad faces of court dwarfs and jesters.

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The most famous artist was a Fleming (a native of the Netherlands)
Peter Paul Rubens Loved nudity and plenty of flesh. He was an excellent colorist and had a great command of chiaroscuro.

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Paintings by Rubens

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In the 17th century, the Dutch school of painting produced many excellent masters who worked in different genres.
He created many portraits commissioned by wealthy Amsterdam burghers, painted portraits of his loved ones - his wife and son, and more than 60 self-portraits at different periods of his life.
Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn is the most prominent among them.

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Rembrandt paintings
"Return of the Prodigal Son"
"The night Watch"

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Conclusion: the Baroque style is built on contrasts and asymmetry, gravitating towards grandeur and lush decorativeness.
Rembrandt, "The Holy Family"
Jacob van Ruisdael, "View of the Village of Egmont"

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17th century – the heyday of classicism in literature and art

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He was called the “Sun King”.
Classicism developed in 17th century France, reflecting the rise of absolutism, or absolute monarchy. Such a monarch, whose reign in France was the apogee of absolutism, was Louis 14, a king from the Bourbon dynasty.

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Classicism is an artistic system that has developed not only in literature, but also in painting, architecture, landscape art, and music.

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IDEOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF CLASSICISM:
1. Strengthening the absolute monarchy, the monarch is the embodiment of reason. 2. The highest dignity of a person is the fulfillment of duty, service to the state idea.

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AESTHETIC PRINCIPLES OF CLASSICISM: 1. Strict division into genres. 2. Logical harmony of the work: three unities: place, time, action 3. Main conflict: personal and civil interests, feeling and duty. 4. Inheritance of antiquity as a model. 5.Heroes of “one passion”, “images without faces”. They do not change, being exponents of general truths. 6. The use of common language was excluded.

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How did the artists of the Renaissance and Classicism relate to ancient art?
-logics; -harmony; - human mind.
Antique art
Renaissance
Classicism
-respect for people; - chanting of experiences, feelings, love.

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Descartes' rationalism: “I think, therefore I am.”
PHILOSOPHICAL BASIS OF CLASSICISM: The name of the philosopher, physicist, and mathematician Descartes is also associated with the emergence of classicism. The basis of everything is reason; only that which is reasonable is beautiful.

Baroque
Italy
Spain
Holland
France
Flanders
Classicism
Realism

Classicism (classicisme, from Latin classicus - exemplary)

Classicism architecture

Realism

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Slide captions:

Art of Western Europe XVII century - I half. XIX century MBOU "Rostilovskaya school" Fine arts teacher: Zabelin Alexander Valentinovich

Historical artistic styles Certain stages in the history of art, when a unified artistic system took shape, covering different kinds art and artistic creativity. Baroque – period XVI – mid. XVIII century Rococo – 1st half. XVII century Classicism – XVII-beginning. XIX century Empire - early XIX century Romanticism - I half. XIX century Realism – XVIII-XIX centuries.

Baroque from Italian. barocco - bizarre, strange Dominated the art of European countries from the late 16th to the mid-18th century. The birthplace of the Baroque style is Italy. Main characteristics: scale, abundance of decor, rapid dynamics, desire for illusory effects in the interior (abundance of mirrors and picturesque lampshades visually increase the space). The predominance of exquisite curved lines, whirlwind movements, golden, bright tones. In Russia, the development of Baroque dates back to the first half and mid-17th century.

“The Union of Earth and Water” (Scheldt and Antwerp) 1618 “Hunting tigers and lions” 1617-1618 The Baroque style found its complete expression in the work of Rubens. There is always a powerful sense of life in his works. His heroes are full of spiritual strength and energy. Rubens' compositions are always imbued with movement. Bodily strength, intensity of passions and feelings - this is the world of Rubens’ paintings, a sublime, heroic world, but connected with earthly reality. Peter Powel Rubens 1577 – 1640 The greatest Flemish painter of the 17th century, a brilliant representative of the Baroque style in Europe.

Rococo French rococo, from rocaille - shell European artistic style of the first half of the 17th century. Originated in France (the reign of Louis XV). Distinctive features: asymmetry, abundant decor, light color palette, preference for small, fractional, fancy shapes. A special range of subjects in fine arts– idyllic scenes from the life of shepherds and shepherdesses (pastorals), gallant scenes and mythological subjects, often with a playful touch.

The Gamma of Love Gilles Jean - Antoine Watteau 1684 - 1721 He became famous as a master of depicting “gallant festivities.” Watteau created his own unique image in art - this is an aristocratic society in the park, playing music, dancing, idle; a life in which there seems to be no action or plot - scenes of a carefree life, conveyed with refined grace. There is neither human grief nor wild joy here; it is rather a masquerade rather than real life.

Classicism Great European style of the 17th – early 19th centuries, focused on ancient art and the Renaissance. Characteristic features: harmony and measure in everything, balance and symmetry, statics, preference for clear geometric shapes (circle, ellipse, square, rectangle). A stable compositional and coloristic system for solving a painting, divided into three color and spatial plans (brown - first, green - middle, blue - distant). The most complete classicist system developed in France in the 17th - mid-18th centuries. A new wave of classicism occurred at the beginning of the 19th century, Rome became the center of classicist art. In Russia, the heyday of classicism falls in the last third of the 18th - first third of the 19th century.

Arcadian shepherds 1638-1639 Tancred and Erminia 1630 Nicolas Poussin 1594 – 1665 The greatest French artist of the 17th century. Classicism as a painting style was most clearly expressed in his work. In 1623, Poussin left France and spent most of his life in Italy. Poussin's paintings are based on mythological and biblical themes. The artist is attracted to them by strong characters, high feelings, and the desire for truth and justice. To cultivate virtue in the viewer - this is what Poussin saw as the main purpose of art.

Empire French empire - empire Style in architecture, painting and applied arts of the first three decades of the 19th century, the final stage of classicism. He relied on the art of the Greek archaic and imperial Rome.

Oath of the Horatii 1784 Death of Marat 1793 Jacques - Louis David 1748 - 1825 French painter, an outstanding representative of neoclassicism. He created canvases that glorified citizenship, fidelity to duty, heroism, and the ability to self-sacrifice. David's painting "The Oath of the Horatii" depicts one of the episodes in the history of Ancient Rome. During the period of enmity between the cities of Rome and Alba Longa, three brothers from the Horatii clan had to enter into a mortal duel with their childhood friends from the Curiatii clan. David emphasizes the young men's unyielding determination to fulfill their duty: the Horatian father raises his swords and the brothers vow to conquer or die.

Romanticism French. Romantisme is a strange, fantastic ideological and artistic movement in European and American culture of the first half of the 19th century.

Raft “Medusa” 1819 Theodore Gericault 1791 – 1824 French artist, a prominent representative of romanticism in Western European art of the early 19th century. At the center of the works of the romantics is a bright, outstanding personality who is in conflict with society or opposes the natural elements. Wounded Cuirassier

French realism realisme, from Lat. realis – real, real. Artistic style in European art of the 18th - 19th centuries.

The Sower 1850 The Ear Gatherers 1857 Through the expressive almost sculptural chiaroscuro sculpting the figures of people in large undifferentiated masses and the restrained power of color, Millet strives to achieve a generalizing typification of the characters in the belief that it is the collective “type that is the deepest truth in art.” Francois Millet 1814 - 1875 Coming from the people, the artist is rightfully considered the largest representative of authentic folk genre in the art of 19th century France.

What artistic styles do paintings belong to? 1 Rubens “Perseus and Andromeda” 4 Watteau “The Capricious One” 2 Poussin “The Judgment of Solomon” 3 David “Napoleon’s Crossing of the Alps” 5 Géricault “Officer of the Imperial Horse Rangers” 6 Millet “The Ear Pickers” Baroque Classicism Empire Rococo Romanticism Realism

Homework Write (type) a message on the topic: “10 interesting facts from the life and work ..." of Peter Powell Rubens; Jean-Antoine Watteau; Nicolas Poussin; Jacques-Louis David; Theodora Gericault; Francois Millet.

Message on the topic: “10 interesting facts from the life and work of Francois Millet” 1 Jean Francois Millet was born on October 4, 1814. In the village of Gruchy, in Normandy. His father served as organist at the local church. Millet s early years worked on a farm, but at the same time received a good education, studied Latin and retained his love of literature throughout his life. Since childhood, he showed a talent for drawing. 2 In 1839 Millet received an order for a posthumous portrait of the former mayor of Cherbourg, but the work was rejected due to its small resemblance to the deceased. To make ends meet, the artist made money for some time by painting signs. 3 In 1853 He married a second time to Catherine Lemaire (his first wife, Polina Ono, died of tuberculosis in 1844). From this marriage Millet had nine children. 4 At the Salon of 1848 Millet showed the painting “The Winnower”. The canvas received praise, and it was purchased by the Minister of the French government, Alexandre Ledre-Roller. On next year he fled the country to the USA - and the painting disappeared with him. It was even believed that it burned down during a fire in Boston in 1872. In 1972 – exactly 100 years after its supposed death – the original “Windwinner” was found in the USA, in the attic of one of the houses. 5 In 1860 Millet entered into a contract with E. Blank and A. Stevens, according to which he agreed to supply them with 25 paintings annually for sale. In 1866 The artist broke the contract, considering it onerous. But numerous exhibitions organized by art dealers had already done their job, and Millet’s popularity continued to grow. 6 In 1889, Millet’s painting “Angelus” was put up for sale, and the Louvre and a consortium of American sales agents fought fiercely for it. The Americans won, paying a record amount for the painting at that time - 580,000 francs. In 1909 it was bought up and donated to the Louvre by one of the French moneybags. 7 Images of peasant life inspired many artists who followed Millet. Like Pissarro, Van Gogh and Gauguin, Millet sought in peasant life the ideal of a patriarchal world, not yet infected with the corruptive breath of civilization. 8 Millet never worked en plein air. His paintings were always carefully thought out, weighed, and all his scenes of “real life” were born in the imagination, having nothing to do with the experience of direct observation. 9 Millet's paintings were promoted as examples to follow in communist countries, where culture was built on the principles of “socialist realism.” 10 What is surprising is that there are more paintings by Millet in the United States than in his homeland, France.

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