JULY - the crown of summer - does not know tiredness, tidies everything up. He orders Mother Rzhitsa to bow to the ground. The oats are already in the caftan, but the buckwheat doesn’t even have a shirt.

Green plants made their bodies from sunlight. We store the golden ocean of ripe rye and wheat for future use throughout the year. We store hay for the cattle: the forests of grass have already fallen, mountains of haystacks have risen.

The little birds begin to fall silent: they have no time for songs. There are chicks in all nests. They are born naked mole rats and need the care of their parents for a long time. But the earth, water, forest, even the air - everything is now full of food for the little ones, there is enough for everyone!

The forests everywhere are full of small juicy fruits: strawberries, blueberries, blueberries, currants; in the north - golden cloudberries... The meadows changed their golden dress to chamomile: the white color of the petals reflects the hot rays of the sun. The creator of life - Yarilo the sun is not joking at this time: his caresses can burn him.

FOREST BABIES

HOW MANY CHILDREN DOES WHO HAVE?

In a large forest outside the town of Lomonosov there lives a young moose cow. She gave birth to one calf this year.

The white-tailed eagle has a nest in the same forest. There are two eaglets in the nest.

Siskin, chaffinch, and bunting each have five chicks.

The spinning head has eight. The common tit (long-tailed tit) has twelve.

The gray partridge has twenty. In a stickleback nest, each egg hatched into a small stickleback fry, a total of a hundred stickleback babies. Bream has hundreds of thousands. There are countless numbers of cod: probably a million fry.

HOMELESS

Bream and cod do not care about their children at all. They spawned and left. And let the kids themselves, as they know, hatch, live and feed. But what can you do if you have hundreds of thousands of children? You can't keep an eye on everyone.

The frog has only one thousand children - and even then she doesn’t think about them.

Of course, life is not easy for homeless people. There are many voracious monsters underwater, and they are all greedy for tasty fish and frog eggs, fish and frogs.

How many fish fry and tadpoles die, how many dangers they face before they grow into large fish and frogs - it’s scary to think!

CARING PARENTS

The moose and all mother birds are truly caring parents.

A moose cow is ready to give her life for her only cub. Even if the bear itself tries to attack her: she will start kicking with both front and back legs, and will finish him off with her hooves so much that the next time the bear will not even get close to the elk calf.

Our correspondents came across a partridge's son in a field: he jumped out from under their feet and ran to hide in the grass.

They caught him, and he squeaked! Out of nowhere - a mother partridge. She saw her son in the hands of people - she began to rush about, cackled, fell to the ground, dragging her wing.

The correspondents thought: she was wounded. The little partridge was abandoned and they chased after her.

The partridge waddles along the ground - you’re about to grab it with your hand; but when you stretch out your hand, it goes to the side. They were chasing and chasing a partridge, suddenly it flapped its wings, rose above the ground - and flew away as if nothing had happened.

Our correspondents returned back for the partridge, but there was no trace of it. It was on purpose that the mother of the wounded woman pretended to take him away from her son in order to save him. She stands up for each of her cubs in this way: after all, she only has twenty of them.

COLONY ON AN ISLAND

On the sandbank of the island, small seagulls live in their country house.

At night they sleep in sandy holes (holes) - three to a hole. The entire shallows in the holes are such a large colony of seagulls.

During the day, they learn to fly, swim and catch small fish under the guidance of their elders.

Old seagulls teach and vigilantly protect their children.

When an enemy approaches, they flock in a flock and rush at him with such a scream and clamor that everyone will be afraid.

Even the huge white-tailed sea eagle is in a hurry to get away from them.

WHAT ARE THE CHICKENS OF THE SNipe AND THE HAWK HAPPENED?

Here is a portrait of a little buzzard just hatched from an egg. He has a white bump on his nose. This is an "egg tooth". It is with this that the chick breaks the shell when it is time for it to emerge from the egg.

The little buzzard will grow up to be a bloodthirsty predator - a terror for rodents.

And now he is a funny baby, covered in fluff, half-blind.

He is so helpless, such a sissy: he cannot take a step without his father and mother. He would have died of hunger if they had not fed him.

And among the chicks there are also fighting guys: as soon as they hatch from the egg, they will immediately jump on their legs - and you’re welcome: they get their own food, are not afraid of water, and hide from their enemies.

Here are two snipes sitting. They've only been out of the egg for a day, and they've already left their nest and are looking for worms for themselves.

That’s why the snipe had such large eggs that the snipe chicks could grow up in them. (See Lesnaya Gazeta No. 4.)

Kuropatkin’s son, whom we just talked about, is also a fighter. Just born, and already running as fast as he can.

Here is another wild duckling - a merganser.

As soon as he was born, he immediately hobbled to the river, splashed into the water - and began to swim. He already knows how to dive and stretches, rising on the water - just like a big one.

And the pika’s daughter is a terrible sissy. She sat in the nest for two whole weeks, now she has flown out and is sitting on a stump.

This is how she sulked: she was unhappy that the mother did not fly with food for a long time.

She herself is almost three weeks old, but she still squeaks and demands that her mother stuff caterpillars and other delicacies into her mouth.

INSIDE OUT

From different places of our vast country they write to us about encounters with an amazing bird. We saw her this month near Moscow and in Altai, on the Kama and on the Baltic Sea, in Yakutia and Kazakhstan.

A very cute and elegant bird, similar to those bright floats that are sold in cities to young anglers. And so trusting that if you come even five steps closer, it will swim in front of you right next to the shore, not at all afraid.

All other birds are now sitting on nests or raising chicks, but these will gather in flocks and travel throughout the country.

It is surprising that these bright, beautiful birds are females. In all other birds, the males are brighter and more beautiful than the females, but in these birds it’s the opposite: the males are gray, and the females are motley.

Even more surprising is that these females do not care about their children at all. Far to the north, in the tundra, they laid their eggs in a hole - and goodbye! And the males remained there to hatch the eggs, feed and take care of the chicks.

Everything is topsy-turvy!

This bird's name is the round-nosed phalarope.

You can meet her everywhere: here today, and there tomorrow.

SCARY CHICKY

A thin, delicate wagtail hatched six tiny naked chicks in its nest. Five of them are chicks like chicks, and the sixth is a freak: all sort of rough, wiry, big-headed, eyes bulging closed with a film, and when his beak opens, you’ll recoil: there a whole mouth will open up - a hole.

The first day he lay quietly in the nest. Only when the wagtails flew up with food, did he raise his heavy, thick head with difficulty, squeak weakly and open his mouth: feed!

The next day, in the morning chill, when his parents flew away to get food, he began to stir. He lowered his head, rested it on the floor of the nest, spread his legs wide and began to back away.

He ran over his little brother and started digging under him. He threw back his crooked bare stumps-wings, grabbed his little brother with them, squeezed him like claws, and with the chick at his back, he began to move backwards and backwards towards the wall.

In the hole at the end of his back, a little brother chick - small, weak, blind - was floundering as if in a spoon. And the freak, resting his head and legs, lifted him higher and higher, until the chick was at the very edge.

Then, all tense, the freak suddenly threw up his butt - and the chick flew out of the nest.

The wagtail's nest was in a cliff above the river bank.

The tiny naked wagtail plopped down on the pebbles below and fell to his death.

And the evil freak, almost falling out of the nest himself, swayed and swayed on the edge of it, but his thick head outweighed him - and he fell back into the nest.

This whole terrible thing lasted two or three minutes.

Then the freak, exhausted, lay motionless in the nest for a quarter of an hour.

The parents arrived. He raised his heavy blind head on his sinewy neck and, as if nothing had happened, opened his mouth and squealed - feed!

He ate, rested, and began to drive up to the other brother.

He was not able to cope with this so easily: the chick floundered violently and rolled off his back. But the freak did not stop.

And five days later, when his eyes opened, he saw that he was lying alone in the nest: he threw all five brother chicks away and killed them.

Only on the twelfth day from birth did he finally become covered with feathers - and then it became clear that the wagtails on the mountain had fed themselves a foundling - a cuckoo.

But he squeaked so pitifully, so much like their own dead children, so touchingly, trembling his wings, he asked for food that the thin, gentle birds could not refuse him, could not leave him to die of hunger.

Living from hand to mouth themselves, in their troubles not having time to eat their fill, from sunrise to sunset they carried him fat caterpillars and, diving their heads into his wide mouth, shoved food into his voracious throat.

By autumn they had fed him. He flew away from them and never met them again in his life.

BERRIES

Many different berries have ripened. Raspberries, red and black currants and gooseberries are collected in the gardens.

Raspberries are also found in the forest. It grows in thickets. You can’t get through without breaking its fragile stems. Everything crackles underfoot. But this is not a loss for raspberries. These stems, on which the berries now hang, will only survive until winter. And here is their change. That's how many young stems came out of the ground from the rhizome. Hairy, all covered with thorns. Next summer it will be their turn to bloom and grow berries.

Lingonberries ripen along bushes and hummocks, in clearings near stumps, and berries already with a red side.

Lingonberries have them in clusters on the tops of the stems. On some bushes these piles are so large, dense, heavy, they bend down and lie on the moss.

I would like to dig up such a bush, transplant it to myself and take care of it - will the berries become even larger? But so far lingonberries have not been successfully grown “in captivity”. And she is an interesting berry. Its berries can be stored for eating all winter, just pour boiled water over it or crush it so that the juice comes out.

Why doesn't it rot? She preserved herself. It contains benzoic acid. And benzoic acid prevents the berries from rotting.

N. Pavlova

BATHING BEAR CUBS

Our familiar hunter was walking along the bank of a forest river and suddenly heard a loud cracking of branches. He got scared and climbed a tree.

A large brown bear came ashore from the thicket, with her two cheerful bear cubs and a nurse - her one-year-old son, the bear's nanny.

The bear sat down.

Pestun grabbed one bear cub by the collar with his teeth and started dipping it into the river.

The little bear squealed and floundered, but the nurse did not let him go until he had thoroughly rinsed him in the water.

Another bear cub was frightened by the cold bath and started to run away into the forest.

Pestun caught up with him, slapped him, and then - into the water, like the first.

He rinsed and rinsed it, and accidentally dropped it into the water. How the little bear will scream! Then, in an instant, the bear jumped up, pulled her little son to the shore, and gave the nurse such a splash that he, poor thing, howled.

Finding themselves back on the ground, both cubs were very pleased with their swim: the day was hot and they were very hot in their thick, shaggy fur coats. The water refreshed them well.

After swimming, the bears disappeared into the forest again, and the hunter climbed down from the tree and went home.

CAT FURTHER

Our cat had kittens in the spring, but they were taken away from her. Just on this day we caught a small hare in the forest.

We took it and placed it on the cat. The cat had a lot of milk, and she willingly began to feed the bunny.

So the little bunny grew up on cat milk. They became very good friends and even always sleep together.

The funniest thing is that the cat taught the foster bunny to fight with dogs. As soon as the dog runs into our yard, the cat rushes at it and scratches it furiously. And then a hare runs up behind her and drums her front paws so hard that the dog’s fur flies in clumps. All the dogs around are afraid of our cat and her foster hare.

FOCUS OF SMALL COOL HEADS

Our cat saw a hollow in the tree and thought that there was a nest of some bird there. She wanted to eat the chicks, climbed up the tree, stuck her head into the hollow and saw: at the bottom of the hollow the vipers were swarming and squirming. How they hiss! The cat got cold feet and jumped out of the tree to get away!

And in the hollow there were not viper chicks at all, but spinner chicks. This is their trick to defend themselves from enemies: they twist their heads, twist their necks - their necks wriggle like snakes. And at the same time, they also hiss like a viper. Everyone is afraid of poisonous vipers. These little spinners imitate the viper in order to scare their enemies.

LEFT WITH NOSE

A big buzzard spotted a grouse with a whole brood of yellow, fluffy grouse.

“Here,” he thinks, “I’ll have lunch.”

He was already aiming to hit them from above, but then the black grouse noticed him.

She shouted - and all the grouse disappeared in an instant. Sarych looked and looked - there was not a single one, as if they had fallen through the ground! He flew off to look for other prey for lunch.

Then the black grouse screamed again - and all around her, yellow, fluffy grouse jumped up on their feet. They didn’t fall through anywhere, but lay right there, clinging tightly to the ground. Go ahead and tell them apart from the leaves, grass and lumps of earth!

PREDATORY FLOWER

A mosquito flew and flew in the forest over the swamp - and was tired and thirsty. Sees: flower; the stem is green, at the top there are small white bells, at the bottom there are round purple leaves with a rosette around the stem. There are eyelashes on the leaves, light drops of dew glisten on the eyelashes.

The mosquito sat down on a leaf, lowered its nose into the droplet, and the droplet was sticky, sticky, and the mosquito’s nose got stuck.

Suddenly the eyelashes began to move, stretched out like tentacles and grabbed the mosquito. The round leaf has closed - and there is no mosquito.

And when the leaf opened again, an empty mosquito skin fell to the ground: the flower drank all the mosquito blood.

This is a terrible flower, a predatory flower - the sundew. It catches small insects and eats them.

TIR

REPLY STRAIGHT ON THE TARGET! FIFTH CONTEST

1. When do birds have a tooth?

2. At what time of year do animals and birds of prey have the best life?

3. Who is born twice and dies once?

4. Who will be born three times before becoming an adult?

5. Why do they say: “water off a duck’s back”?

6. Which bird’s chicks don’t know their mother?

7. What bird’s chicks hiss from the hollow like snakes?

8. Which fish takes care of its children until they grow up?

9. Where is the head of the sunflower “facing” at noon?

10. Do we have carnivorous plants?

11. The tour goes through the mountains, and the tour goes through the boundaries; the tour will shout and the tourha will blink.

12. In the morning the field is blue, at noon it is green.

13. The old red caps are standing. Whoever comes up will bow.

14. Sits on a stick in a red shirt, his belly is light, filled with stones.

15. Sleeps on the ground and disappears in the morning.

16. Who in the forest, without axes, builds a hut without corners?

17. The eyes are on the horns, and the house is on the back.

18. The flowers are angelic, and the claws are devilish.

FOREST NEWSPAPER No. 6
MONTH OF FLOCKS (THIRD MONTH OF SUMMER)

The sun enters Virgo

THE YEAR IS A SOLAR POEM IN 12 MONTHS

August is a dawn. At night, lightning lightning silently illuminates the forests.

For the last time in the summer, the meadows change their color: now it is variegated, the flowers along it are increasingly dark - blue, purple. The sun-Yarilo begins to weaken, we must collect and store its farewell rays.

Large fruits ripen: vegetables, fruits. Late berries also ripen: lingonberries; Cranberries are ripening in the swamp, rowan is on the tree.

Old people are born - those who do not like the hot sun, those who hide from it in the cool shade - mushrooms. And the trees stop growing and getting fat.

NEW FOREST CUSTOMS

The forest kids grew up and crawled out of their nests.

The birds that in the spring each couple lived in their own area now roam with their children throughout the forest.

Forest inhabitants go to visit each other.

Even predatory animals and birds do not guard their hunting areas so strictly. There is a lot of game everywhere. There's enough for everyone.

Marten, ferret, ermine roam throughout the forest - and everywhere they have easy prey: stupid chicks, inexperienced hares, careless little mice.

Songbirds gather in flocks and wander through the bushes and trees.

The pack has its own custom.

The custom is:

ONE FOR ALL AND ALL FOR ONE

Whoever sees the enemy first must squeak or whistle - warn everyone so that the flock has time to scatter. If one is in trouble, the flock raises a scream and din to the fear of its enemies.

A hundred pairs of eyes and a hundred pairs of ears guard the enemy, a hundred beaks are ready to repel an attack. The more broods adjacent to the flock, the better.

There is a law for guys in the pack: imitate your elders in everything. The elders calmly peck the grains - and you peck. The elders raised their heads and did not move - and you froze. The elders ran away - and you ran away.

TRAINING SITES

And cranes and black grouse have real training grounds for young people.

Among the black grouse - in the forest. Young moose whales will gather and see what the old current will do.

The current man will mutter, and the young will mutter. The current man will chuff, and the young ones will chuff - in thin voices.

Only now the current does not mutter as much as in the spring. In the spring he muttered: “I’ll sell a fur coat, buy a robe.” And now: “I’ll sell a robe, I’ll sell a robe, I’ll buy a fur coat.”

Young cranes fly to the site in groups. They learn to fly in the correct formation - a triangle. You need to learn this in order to save energy when flying long distances.

The strongest old crane flies first in the triangle. As an advanced fighter, it is more difficult for him to cut through the air.

When he gets tired, he moves to the rear of the detachment, and his place is taken by another, with fresh strength.

Behind the advanced ones - head to tail, head to tail - the young ones fly in time, flapping their wings. Who is stronger is in front, weaker is behind. Waves of air flow from the corner of the triangle, as if a boat were cutting through the water with its bow.

SPIDER-FLIERS

There are no wings - how can you fly?

But (you have to manage!) Some spiders turned into aeronauts.

The spider will release a thin web from its abdomen, hook it on a bush, the wind will pick it up, tear it back and forth, but cannot break it: it is as strong as silk.

The spider is sitting on the ground. A cobweb curls in the air between the ground and the branch. The spider sits and spins its web. It gets tangled up on its own - like it’s all in a silk ball - and the cobwebs let go more and more.

The web becomes longer and longer - the wind tears it stronger.

The spider clings to the ground with its feet and clings tightly.

One two Three! – the spider went against the wind. I bit off the attached end. There was a blast and tore the spider off the ground. Let's fly. Quickly unwind the cobwebs!

A balloon rises... It flies high above the grass, above the bushes.

The pilot looks from above: where to go down?

Here is some kind of courtyard, flies hover over a pile of manure. Stop! Down!

The pilot rolls the web under himself and rolls it into a ball with his paws. The balloon is getting lower and lower... Ready: landing!

The tip of the web caught on the grass - he landed!

Here you can peacefully live in your home.

When many such spiders and their webs fly through the air - and this happens in the fall in good dry weather - in the villages they say: Indian summer has come. The gray hair of autumn turns silver...

THE BIGGER WAS COVERED

Yellow warblers wandered through the forest in a flock. From tree to tree, from bush to bush. Every tree, every bush will be climbed, searched from bottom to top. Where there is a worm, where there is a bug, where a butterfly is found under a leaf, on the bark, in a well - they will pick everything up and pull it out.

“Tut! Tweet!” – one of the birds squeaked alarmingly. Everyone immediately became alert and saw: below, hiding between the roots of the trees, now flashing with a dark back, now disappearing into the dead wood, a predatory stoat was sneaking. His narrow body wriggles like a snake, his evil eyes sparkle in the shadows like sparks.

“Tut! Tweet!” - they squeaked from all sides, and the whole flock hastily left the tree.

It's good when it's light. Someone will notice the enemy, and everyone will be saved. And at night the birds nest under the branches and sleep. But the enemies do not sleep. Silently spreading the air with soft wings, an owl will fly up, look out - and whoops! Frightened, sleepy little ones splash out in all directions, and two or three of them struggle in the robber’s iron hooks. It's bad when it's dark!

From tree to tree, from bush to bush, a flock makes its way deeper and deeper into the forest. Light birds dart all over the foliage and climb into the most mysterious corners.

In the middle of the thicket is a thick stump. There is an ugly tree mushroom on the stump.

One warbler flew very close to him: are there any snails here?

Suddenly the gray eyelids of the mushroom slowly lifted. Two round eyes lit up underneath them.

Only then did the warbler see a round face, like a cat’s, and a predatory beak on it.

She jumped to the side in fear. “Tut! Tweet!” – the flock was alarmed. But no one flies away. Everyone gathers around the scary stump:

"Owl! Owl! Owl! For help! For help!"

The owl just clicked its beak angrily: “We found it!” They won’t let you get a good night’s sleep!”

And from all sides small birds flock to the alarm signal of the warblers.

The robber has been caught!

Tiny yellow-headed kinglets descended from the tall spruce trees. Lively tits jumped out of the bushes and boldly rushed to attack; They curl and circle right in front of the owl’s nose, mockingly shouting to it:

“Come on, touch it, come on, catch it, catch it, grab it!” Try it in the sun, vile night robber!”

The owl just clicks its beak and blinks its eyes: what can it do during the day?

And the birds keep coming and coming. The squeak and noise of warblers and titmice attracted a whole flock of brave and strong forest crows - blue-winged jays - into the thicket.

The owl got scared, flapped its wings - and ran away! Get away while you're still alive; jays will kill with their beaks.

Jays are behind her. They chased and chased until they were completely driven out of the forest.

The warblers will sleep peacefully this night: after such a beating, the owl will not soon decide to return to its old place.

BEAR DISEASE

Late in the evening, a hunter returned from the forest to the village. He reached the oat field and looked: what was that dark thing moving about in the oats?

Did the cattle wander where it shouldn't?

I looked closer - fathers, a bear in the oats! He lies on his belly, grabs the ears of corn with his front paws, tucks them under him and sucks. Lounging around, snoring with pleasure; apparently he likes oat milk.

The hunter did not have a bullet happen to him. One small shot (I went for a bird). Yes, the guy was brave.

“Eh,” he thinks, “it wasn’t: I’ll shoot in the air. Don’t let Toptygin ruin the collective farmers. If you don’t hurt him, he won’t touch you.”

I kissed him and it sounded right next to the beast’s ear!

The bear will jump in surprise! There was a pile of brushwood at the edge of the strip, so the bear jumped over it like a bird.

Head over heels, over his head, back on his feet - and into the forest without looking back.

The hunter laughed at the bear’s courage and went home.

And the next morning he thinks: “Let me see, did Toptygin crush a lot of oats on the strip?” He arrived at the place and saw that the bear’s stomach was upset due to fright - so the trail stretches into the forest.

Blizzard

Yesterday we had a snowstorm over the lake. Light white flakes flew in the air, sank to the water, rose again, swirled, and fell from above. The sky was clear. The sun was hot. Hot air flowed quietly under its hot rays; there was no trace of wind. But a blizzard was raging over the lake.

And this morning the entire lake and its shores are strewn with flakes of dry dead snow.

This snow is strange: it does not melt under the hot sun, does not sparkle with sparkles under its rays; he is warm and fragile.

We went to look at it and, when we approached the shore, we saw that it was not snow at all, but thousands, thousands of small winged insects - mayflies.

Yesterday they flew out of the lake. For three whole years they lived in the dark depths. They were then ugly little larvae and swarmed in the mud at the bottom of the lake.

They ate rotten, stinking mud and never saw the sun.

So three years passed - a whole thousand days.

And yesterday the larvae crawled ashore, threw off their disgusting larval skins, spread their light wings, spread their tails - three thin long strings - and rose into the air.

Only one day is given to the mayflies to rejoice and dance in the air. That’s why they are also called one-dayers.

All day they danced in the sun's rays, rushing and spinning in the air like light flakes of snow. The females descended onto the water and dropped their tiny eggs into the water.

Then, as the sun set and night fell, dead ephemeral bodies littered the shore and water.

The mayfly eggs will hatch into larvae. And again a thousand days will pass in the muddy depths of the lake until cheerful winged ephemerals fly above the water.

EDIBLE MUSHROOMS

After the rains, mushrooms began to appear again.

The best mushroom is the white one, which grows in the forest.

Porcini mushrooms - boletus - are plump, dense, strong. Their hats are dark chestnut. And they smell especially pleasant.

Along the forest roads, among the short grass, sometimes right in the ruts, butterflowers grow. They are good when they are still young, like a ball. They are good, but they are very slimy, and something always sticks to them: either a dry leaf or a blade of grass.

In the same forest there are saffron milk caps on the lawns. These bog mushrooms are very red, you can see them from afar. And there are many of them here! Almost as old as a saucer, the caps are riddled with worms, the plates have turned green. Medium ones are best, a little more than a nickel. These are strong, their cap is concave in the middle and turned up at the edges.

There are a lot of mushrooms in the spruce forest. Porcini mushrooms grow under the fir trees, as do saffron milk caps, but here they are different than in the forest. Porcini mushrooms have a light, yellowish cap, and a thinner and higher stem. And the saffron milk caps are colored completely differently than in the forest - they don’t have a red cap on top, but a bluish-greenish one with circles on it, like on a stump.

There are mushrooms under the birch and aspen trees. That’s what they are called – birch and boletus. But the birch tree will grow far from the birch tree, and the aspen tree is tightly connected with the aspen. A beautiful boletus mushroom, slender and neat.

N. Pavlova

TOADESTS

There were also a lot of toadstools after the rains. In edible mushrooms, the main one is white. Grebes have a pale grebe. Beware of her! It contains the most powerful of all mushroom poisons. An eaten piece of toadstool is stronger than a snake bite. It's lethal. Rarely has anyone recovered from poisoning with this mushroom.

Fortunately, it is not difficult to recognize the pale grebe. It differs from all edible mushrooms in that its stem seems to come out of the neck of a wide pot. They say that the toadstool can be confused with a champignon (both have white caps), but the champignon has a stem like a stem - no one will think that it is inserted into a pot.

Most of all, the pale grebe resembles a fly agaric. It is even sometimes called the white fly agaric.

And if you draw her with a pencil, you won’t be able to guess whether it’s a fly agaric or she. Just like the fly agaric, there are white fragments on the cap, and a collar on the leg.

There are two more dangerous toadstools that can be mistaken for a porcini mushroom. These poisonous mushrooms are called: gall and satanic.

They differ from the porcini mushroom in that the underside of their cap is not white or yellowish, like that of the porcini mushroom, but pink or even red. And then, if you break the cap of a porcini mushroom, it will remain white, but the broken caps of the gall and satanic mushrooms will first turn red, then turn black.

N. Pavlova

PRINCELING

A flock of mallard ducks landed in the middle of the lake.

Watching them from the shore, I was surprised to notice, among the monotonous gray drakes and ducks in summer, one of a striking light color. She stayed in the very middle of the pack.

Raising the binoculars, I took a good look at her in all details. All of it from beak to tail was a pale fawn color. When the bright morning sun emerged from behind a cloud, it suddenly flashed with unbearably bright whiteness, standing out sharply among its dark gray companions. In all other respects, she was no different from them.

In fifty years of hunting, for the first time I saw an albino duck in front of me, or, as people call albino birds and animals, a princeling. These animals lack pigment - a coloring substance in the blood; they are born and remain for the rest of their lives completely white or only slightly colored, deprived of the so-called protective or protective coloring that is so saving in nature, making them hardly noticeable where they live.

Of course, I passionately wanted to get this rare bird, which somehow miraculously survived the claws of predators. But now it was simply impossible: a flock of ducks sits down to rest in the middle of the lake so that they cannot be approached for a shot. And I completely lost peace: I had to wait for the chance when the prince would come across me somewhere near the shore.

And such an opportunity turned up sooner than I expected.

I walked along the shore of the Uzmen - a narrow bay of the lake. Suddenly, several mallards burst out of the grass and among them was a duckling. I shot him offhand. But at the very moment of the shot, one of the gray ducks obscured the white one. And she fell, struck by my shot. And the prince rushed off with the others.

Was this an accident? Without a doubt! But I saw this princeling that summer several more times in the middle of the lake and in the bays, but always accompanied by several ducks, as if under their escort. And naturally, the hunter’s shot was involuntarily taken by ordinary gray ducks, and the prince flew away safe and sound under their protection.

At least I never managed to get it.

It was on Lake Piros - on the very border of Novgorod and Kalinin (now Tverskaya. - Note ed.) regions.

TIR

REPLY STRAIGHT ON THE TARGET! CONTEST SIX

1. What animals fly?

2. What do small birds do when they spot an owl during the day?

3. When and how do spiders fly?

4. Which insect (adult) does not have a mouth?

5. Why are swifts and swallows in good weather fly high, but when it’s damp – right above the ground?

6. How can you tell when rain is coming by observing an anthill?

7. What terrible beast of prey is greedy for raspberries?

8. Where is the best place to observe bird tracks in summer?

9. What is “damn tobacco”?

10. The heart is in the yard, the head is on the table, the legs are on the field.

11. A man lies in a golden caftan, belted with a belt, but cannot get up - people lift him up.

1. No one is scared, but everyone is trembling.

2. What is the herb that the blind know?

3. Sits with bulging eyes and does not speak Russian; born in water, but lives on land.

This article will focus on upland game. Hunters usually include wood grouse, hazel grouse, black grouse, white and tundra partridge, and sometimes woodcock on its list. You will learn about the habitat, habits, nutrition, breeding and nesting characteristics of the hog bird, and you will also be able to see photos from the hunt for this type of game.

Common capercaillie

The capercaillie is a typical taiga bird. Leads a sedentary lifestyle, only occasionally, irregularly, and migrates nearby in the autumn-winter period. Distributed in the forest belt of Europe, western and central Siberia (up to Lake Baikal).

It begins to show even before the first thawed patches appear. The displaying male spreads his tail like a fan, quietly clicks and chirps. Where there are few wood grouse, the males display alone. The height of the current coincides with the intense melting of snow in the forest. After the mating period, wood grouse begin to molt, and they hide in dense and cluttered areas of the forest.

Only the female participates in raising the offspring. Chicks appear in mid-June and later. In the first days they feed on ants and other insects, later they begin to peck at plants - green shoots, inflorescences, berries and seeds. In winter, wood grouse feed almost exclusively on pine needles.

Lives in larch forests of Eastern Siberia capercaillie- a close relative of the common wood grouse, with which it sometimes forms hybrids. The stone capercaillie differs from the common capercaillie in its smaller size, black beak, and long tail. It talks on the ground (although it often starts singing on a tree) and does not stall. His song also sounds different - without clicking and chirping.

The catch of this bird is widespread in Russia and abroad. Na naOn our website you can find a detailed overview of the methods of hunting wood grouse.

Grouse

This species of upland bird is distributed from the western border of the CIS to the coast of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. Inhabits spruce and mixed forests with dense undergrowth. resident bird, occasionally and irregularly migrates in winter. Willingly settles in the valleys of streams and small taiga rivers. Sexual maturity occurs at the age of one year. During the mating season, which begins in late March - early April, hazel grouse can form pairs.

The male is always close to the brooding female, and then the brood. Usually there are no more than 10 eggs, rarely up to 15. They are shiny brown in color with rare reddish spots and streaks, sometimes without them. The female sits firmly in the nest, takes off from under her very feet and sometimes allows herself to be picked up by her hands. Incubation lasts about three weeks. Young hazel grouse, barely dry, leave the nest and, together with the female, go to forest clearings and edges, where they find food in abundance. The first broods occur in mid-June. Three-week-old hazel grouse spend the night in trees, and in August they are already indistinguishable from adults. They feed on insects, mollusks, berries, alder and birch leaves, and peck tree buds, birch inflorescences and young shoots. In autumn, the broods break up. Hazel grouse spend the winter in pairs or alone in the same places where they nest.

Hunting hazel grouse with the help of various pikas and decoys is extremely exciting. In addition, game is hunted with hunting dogs - mainly pointers and huskies.

Black grouse

The Kosach lives in forest and forest-steppe zones of Europe and Asia. Prefers edges, clearings, sparse deciduous forests alternating with fields; avoids the remote taiga. A sedentary bird, only occasionally undertaking long migrations in winter in search of places rich in food. In the past, when there were many black grouse, wandering flocks of 300-500 birds were not uncommon even in the European part of the country, but now their winter flocks do not exceed several dozen.

The grouse's winter food consists mainly of plant buds, primarily birch. During the day, the flock feeds in trees, at night it buries itself in the snow and spends the night there. In frost and snowstorms, black grouse can sit under the snow for a long time, until noon, but usually fly out to feed at dawn. If the thaw gives way to frost at night, the black grouse sleeping under the snow find themselves trapped in the ice in the morning. This is one of the reasons why black grouse die in winter.

In the spring - in March - grouse currents begin with the first thawed patches. The place for leks is chosen at the edges, among the swamp. The scythes that have flown here “chuff”, “mutter”, fan out their tails, and fight. Where there are few black grouse, they display alone, sometimes in the middle of a field, away from the edges or in trees, without descending to the ground. The peak of the currents occurs in April. Black grouse do not form permanent pairs, and males do not take part in incubation and caring for the offspring. Nests are made under a bush or small tree, not far from the lek and near the berry patches. If the eggs of the first clutch die, the female lays another 2-4 eggs. In June - early July, chicks hatch from the eggs, and within a week they grow feathers on their wings. In the morning they feed in berry fields, burnt areas and unmown meadows and clearings; When the grains ripen, birds visit them regularly.

At the end of August and beginning of September, young black grouse break away from the female and lead an independent life. The summer food of black grouse is berries, cereal grains, inflorescences of forest herbs, and partly insects.

Caucasian black grouse

lives in the alpine belt of the Main Caucasus Range and the Lesser Caucasus. It differs from the ordinary one in its smaller size; Males have tail braids that are curved downwards, while females have a smaller “streamy” pattern on the chest. In winter it descends from the mountains into tall fir forests.

Ptarmigan

The Central Russian subspecies of the white partridge is listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation). The distribution area of ​​this bird occupies the north of the European part, Siberia, and Northern Kazakhstan. In the tundra it nests in moss swamps and burnt areas, in the southern parts of its range - along river valleys and willow thickets. In winter, it undertakes irregular migrations, the length of which depends on the food harvest. In the alpine belt of mountains and tundra, partridges wander, moving to places more suitable for wintering.

These birds are interesting because of their protective plumage. In winter they are snow-white, with a black beak and black outer tail feathers; in summer the plumage is red-brown. Various combinations of red-brown and white are characteristic of the spring and autumn plumage of these birds.

In winter, a flock of partridges stays among the bushy willows and birches, occasionally flying up onto trees and pecking at the buds. At night, birds climb under the snow. Their legs are densely covered with feathers, so the birds easily move on soft snow, almost without falling through. In addition to buds, in winter partridges feed on shoots and berries dug out from under the snow.

In early spring, even before thawed areas, males begin to display. Then the birds are divided into pairs and placed in nesting areas, which are vigilantly guarded from other males. At this time, fights are common among cockerels.

The nest is made in a fairly secluded place and is well camouflaged. An important condition for the chosen location is the possibility of quick takeoff and good review. In the tundra, where humans do not disturb birds, there are open nests. The incubating female sits very tightly. Only the female incubates, but the male is near the nest.

Chicks appear in late June - early July (depending on weather and terrain). Having barely dried, they leave the nest and, with both parents, go to dense bushes, to berry fields, where they remain until the young rise to the wing. It is not uncommon for several families to join together.

Partridges are characterized by several molts: three for the female and four for the male. The white partridge is a herbivorous bird. Grass shoots, tree buds, plant seeds and berries form the basis of its food. Chicks also readily eat insects.

Tundra partridge

This partridge is medium in size. The body is dense, the head is small, the relative length of the wings is somewhat longer than that of other grouse birds, the tail is relatively short and slightly rounded. In winter the toes are fully feathered.

The tundra partridge lives in the arctic and moss tundras, subalpine and alpine mountain belts, and to the north it penetrates further than other grouse birds. Like the white partridge, this species has a circumpolar distribution, but its range is less extensive and has a more complex configuration. The tundra partridge lives in the north of the Kola Peninsula, the northern parts of the Ural Mountains and the Yamal and Gydan Peninsulas, on Taimyr and in the Yakut tundra. Further, the northern border of the range runs mostly along the coast of the mother ka, and the southern border covers the Verkhoyansk Range and the Aldan Highlands and along the southern slopes of the Stanovoy Range reaches the coast of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. Within the indicated boundaries there are no partridges in the lowlands of Kamchatka, the valleys of Anadyr and Penzhina, and the tundras of the lower reaches of Kolyma and Alazeya. The tundra partridge also inhabits the mountain systems of Altai, Sayan and Khamar-Daban, and is found on the Commander and Kuril Islands and Franz Josef Land. This species lives in North America, Greenland, Iceland, Spitsbergen, the northern parts of Great Britain and Scandinavia, and the Alps and Pyrenees. Within the range of partridges, 26 subspecies are distinguished.

The color of the plumage in winter is white, with the exception of black tail feathers (at their ends there are white apical stripes), a black beak and dark claws. The shafts of the primary flight feathers are also dark. Males have a so-called “frenulum” - a black stripe running along the sides of the head from the corner of the mouth through the eye. Females do not have such stripes; only some individuals have individual black feathers in these places.

In spring, males acquire their breeding plumage, characterized by the presence of brown feathers scattered over the head, neck and shoulders. Females do not have spring plumage. The summer outfit is variegated: the color of most of the body is formed by gray feathers with transverse black, white and yellowish stripes, the belly and wings remain white.

The autumn outfit is similar to the summer one, but white winter feathers are already appearing in it. The winter moult is extended, which is an adaptation of birds to living in landscapes where snowless areas of the tundra alternate with spaces covered with snow.

Overall appearance The tundra partridge is very similar to its relative, the white partridge, and in field conditions (especially in winter) it is not easy to distinguish them. The tundra duck differs from the latter in the grayer color of its plumage during the snowless period, the dark claws and shafts of the primary flight feathers, the presence of a “frenum” in males, a thinner and more graceful beak and somewhat smaller size.

The tundra partridge leads a predominantly terrestrial lifestyle and moves well both on hard ground and loose snow. Like ptarmigans, in winter the birds sometimes fly up into trees when feeding, but this behavior is observed much less frequently among tundra birds. The periods of feeding activity are morning and evening. In winter, when daylight hours are short and feeding time is limited, daytime rest is poorly expressed.

In winter, tundra partridges keep in flocks, which, however, are smaller in size than those of white partridges, and, as a rule, do not exceed 60-90 individuals. The most common are flocks of 5-10 birds. In places where they live together, white and tundra partridges often stay in the same flocks; the ratio of species in this case, as a rule, is in favor of the former. Living in mixed flocks, tundra partridges largely adopt the behavior traits of white partridges: they stay in stages that are not typical for them - willow forests, become more cautious and, in case of danger, are guided by the reaction of their more “vigilant” relatives. The tundra partridges themselves are very trusting birds: in every second case, even a relatively large flock of them can be approached quite openly to 40-50 meters before they begin to show signs of anxiety. Solitary birds allow a person to approach even closer, and it is often possible to approach them by 5-10 m. If you do not make sudden movements, the birds do not take off, but try to run away.

Tundra partridges are silent. Only during the breeding season or on the eve of it can you hear the male’s voice, reminiscent of a booming “Crrrr...”. The female makes quiet moaning sounds.

The favorite habitats of tundra partridges are rocky tundras, characterized by alternating stone placers and areas with grassy, ​​moss, lichen or sparse shrub cover. In lowland tundras, partridges usually stay on the tops and slopes of hills. These birds avoid thickets of bushes during the snowless period. In winter, the distribution of partridges is determined by areas of the tundra bare of snow, where the birds can find food. In many areas they migrate from the breeding area. In wintering areas, they stick to shrubs (alder forests, dwarf birches, dwarf cedar thickets, and, less commonly, willow forests), since their buds and catkins form the basis of the birds’ diet during this period.

The diet of tundra partridges within their range is very diverse. During the snowless period, the basis of the diet consists of seeds of various plants, flowers and leaves of blueberries, blueberries, andromeda, bulbs of viviparous buckwheat, berries, leaves and stems of crowberries, blueberries, lingonberries and bearberries, leaves of dryad and various types willows, moss boxes. In the north Far East Along with the listed foods, birds eat dwarf pine nuts. Animal food is rare in the diet of adult partridges, more often in chicks, although they are not as important in their diet as in other grouse birds.

Tundra partridges are monogamous. Birds become sexually mature by the end of the first year of life. In spring, the male occupies a nesting site, which protects it from invasion by others. First of all, birds occupy territories freed from snow. As a rule, males display in the morning and evening hours.

The timing of nesting is determined by the geographical location of the area and weather conditions in the spring. The nest is primitive and differs little from the nests of other grouse birds. Usually the female makes a nest on open place among stones or low shrubs, sometimes among hummocks; the mottled grayish color of the female’s plumage makes her invisible against the background of the surrounding area. The size of a complete clutch usually ranges from 5 to 9 eggs, although in some cases it may be larger.Incubation duration is 20 days.The chicks leave the nest a few hours after hatching. One-day old chicks weigh 13-14 g. The chicks grow quickly and at the age of 10 days they can already flutter, and after one and a half to two months they reach the size of their parents.

In most of their range, tundra partridges make seasonal migrations. The direction of migration of partridges is determined primarily by the direction of the river beds along whose valleys the partridges migrate.The return of tundra partridges to their nesting sites is timed to coincide with the beginning of intense snow melting.

Woodcock

This bird is widespread throughout the forest zone of the CIS, with the exception of its northern strip. Winters in South and Central Asia and southern Europe, partly in Crimea, and the Caucasus. Woodcock arrives in April. Soon after arrival, the draft begins - the woodcock's current. The craving begins at sunset, continues until dark and stops briefly, resuming at dawn.

This pine sandpiper nests in dense and dark forests, rich in ravines, country roads and wet lowlands. It feeds mainly on soil invertebrates (worms and insect larvae), which it extracts from soft soil with its long beak, and in smaller quantities on plant foods.

The female incubates and raises the chicks alone. Having barely dried, the chicks can run and feed on their own. In case of danger, the female carries them through the air, pinching them between her legs.

Hunting for woodcock is especially interesting in the spring - “in the spring,” but catching this type of upland game also available in summer and autumn.

Pigeons

Of the representatives of this order, the wood pigeon vityuten is most often found in our country. Pigeons are common in the European part of the CIS, Western Siberia, east to the Irtysh and in Central Asia. Migrant. Appears at the end of April May. Soon after arrival, it builds a nest on a tree (mostly CONIFEROUS) or finds a suitable (empty) crow. Both parents participate in incubating the eggs and in all other care of the chicks. Young chicks are completely helpless. Adult birds feed them by regurgitating “goiter milk”. Grown-up young animals, like adults, feed on plant foods. In autumn, wood pigeons often fly to the fields to feed. They drink often and willingly, flying to a watering hole in the same place several times a day. Wood pigeons spend the night in tall trees.

In addition to the wood pigeon, other pigeons are also found in the hunting grounds of our country - smaller and of less importance for fishing and amateur hunting: Rock Dove, Clint, Common and Ringed Doves and etc.

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FOREST NEWSPAPER No. 7
MONTH OF FAREWELL TO THE MOTHERLAND (FIRST MONTH OF AUTUMN)

SEPTEMBER – frown, howler. The sky begins to frown more and more often, and the wind roars. The first month of autumn has arrived.

Autumn has its own work schedule, like spring, only in reverse. She starts with the air. High above your head, the leaves on the trees gradually begin to turn yellow, red, and brown. As soon as the leaves do not get enough sun, they begin to wither and quickly lose their green color. In the place where the petiole sits on the branch, a flabby belt is formed. Even on a windless, completely quiet day, a yellow birch leaf here, a red aspen leaf there, will suddenly fall from a branch and, swaying lightly in the air, silently glide along the ground.

When you wake up in the morning and see frost on the grass for the first time, write in your diary: “Autumn has begun.” From this day, or rather from this night, because the first frost always occurs in the morning, leaves will be torn off from the branches more and more often, until the leaf blowing winds blow, and all the luxurious summer attire is torn from the forest.

The swifts have disappeared. Swallows and other migratory birds that fly with us gather in flocks and, unnoticed, at night, set off on a long journey. The air is empty. And the water gets colder: I don’t feel like swimming anymore...

And suddenly - like a memory of the red summer - a bucket is established: warm, clear, quiet days. Long cobwebs fly and silver in the calm air... And fresh young greenery glistens joyfully in the fields.

“The Indian summer is fading,” the people in the villages say, smiling, looking with love at the cheerful winter.

In the forest, everything is being prepared for a long winter, all future life is securely hidden, wrapped up warmly - all worries about it are interrupted until spring.

Some bunnies just can’t calm down, they still can’t come to terms with the fact that summer has passed: they brought bunnies again! Listopadnichkov. Thin-legged honey mushrooms have appeared: summer is over.

FAREWELL SONG

The foliage on the birch trees has thinned out a lot. A birdhouse, long abandoned by its owners, swings forlornly on a bare trunk.

Suddenly - what is it? – two starlings flew up. The female slid into the birdhouse and busily fussed around in it. The male sat down on a branch, sat, looked around... and began to sing! But he sang quietly, as if to himself.

I've finished. The female flew out of the birdhouse - quickly back to the flock. And he follows her. It's time, it's time: not today or tomorrow on a long journey.

We said goodbye to the house where we took the boys out in the summer.

They will not forget it and will settle in it again in the spring.

THE LAST BERRIES

Cranberries have ripened in the swamps. It grows on peat hummocks, and the berries lie directly on the moss. The berries are visible from afar, but what they grow on is invisible. Just take a closer look and you will see that thin thread-like stems are stretched across the moss cushion. They have small, hard, shiny leaves on both sides.

That's all the bush!

N. Pavlova

BATTLE OF THE FOREST GIANTS

At dawn, a short, dull roar is heard in the forest. Forest giants emerge from the thicket - huge horned male moose. With a dull roar, as if from the womb, they challenge the enemy to battle.

The fighters converge on the clearing. They dig the ground with their hooves and menacingly shake their heavy horns. Their eyes become bloodshot. They rush at each other, bowing their horned heads, collide with their horns with a crash and roar, and grapple. They lean down with the full weight of their huge body and try to break the enemy’s neck.

They disperse and rush into battle again, bending down to the ground, rearing up, beating with their horns.

There is knocking and thunder in the forest from the blows of heavy horns. It’s not for nothing that male moose are called elk: their antlers are wide and huge, like plows.

It happens that a defeated enemy hastily flees the battlefield. It happens that he falls under the deadly blows of terrible horns with a broken neck, bleeding. The winner finishes off the enemy with blows from his sharp hooves.

And again a mighty roar fills the forest. Sokhaty trumpets victory.

In the depths of the forest, a hornless moose waits for him. The winner becomes the owner of these places.

He will not allow a single elk into his domain. He does not even tolerate young males and drives them away.

And its dull roar sounds menacingly far around.

NIGHT ALARM

Almost every night there is alarm on the outskirts of the city.

Hearing noise in the yard, people jump out of their beds and stick their heads out the windows. What is it, what happened?

Below, in the yard, birds flapping their wings loudly, geese cackling, ducks calling. Was it possible that a ferret had attacked them, or that a fox had snuck into the yard?

But what kind of foxes and ferrets are there in a stone city, behind the cast-iron gates of houses?

The owners inspect the yard and inspect the poultry houses. Everything is fine. There is no one, no one could get through the strong locks and bolts. The birds probably just had a bad dream. Now they are calming down. People lie down in bed and fall asleep peacefully.

And an hour later there was cackling and quacking again. Confusion, anxiety. What's happened? What's there again?

Open the window, hide and listen. Golden sparks of stars flicker in the black sky. Everything is quiet.

But it’s as if someone’s elusive shadow is sliding overhead, one by one eclipsing the golden heavenly lights. A slight intermittent whistle is heard. Vague voices sound from the high night sky.

The yard ducks and geese instantly wake up. For a long time, it seemed, the birds, who had forgotten their will, were beating the air with their wings in a vague impulse. They rise on their paws, stretch their necks, scream, scream sadly and sadly.

From the high black sky they are answered by a call from free, wild sisters. Above the stone houses, above the iron roofs, flock after flock of winged wanderers are drawn. Duck wings whistle. A guttural roll call is ringing wild geese and goose.

- Go! go! go! On the road, on the road! From cold and hunger! On the road, on the road!

The ringing cackle of migrating birds fades away in the distance, and in the depths of the stone courtyard, domestic geese and ducks, long unaccustomed to flying, are darting about.

AUTUMN MUSHROOMS

It’s sad in the forest now, it’s bare, damp and smells of rotten leaves. One joy is honey mushrooms. It's fun to watch them. They are piled up in groups on stumps, climbed onto tree trunks, scattered on the ground, as if they were wandering here alone, separated from the herd.

Fun to watch and fun to assemble; In a few minutes you will fill the basket. But you only collect hats, and even then with a choice.

Very good are the little honey mushrooms, whose cap is still pulled down, like a child’s cap, and under it is a white scarf. Then it will fall behind and become a real hat, and the scarf will turn into a collar.

The whole cap is covered in shag scales. What color is it? It's hard to pinpoint, but it's a nice, calm brownish color. And the plates under the cap of young mushrooms are white, while those of old ones are slightly yellowish.

Have you ever noticed that when the caps of old mushrooms creep onto young ones, they are definitely powdered? You think: “Has mold grown on them?” But remember: “This is a debate!” They poured out from under old hats.

If you want to eat honey mushrooms, be sure to know all their signs. Often, very often, poisonous toadstools are brought to the market instead of honey mushrooms. There are similar ones that also grow on stumps. But all these toadstools do not have a collar under the cap, there are no scales on the cap, the color of the cap is bright, yellow or reddish, the plates are yellow or greenish, and the spores are dark.

N. Pavlova

HIDING...

It's getting cold, cold! The red summer has passed... The blood freezes, movements become sluggish, and drowsiness overcomes.

The tailed newt lived in the pond all summer and never came out of it. Now he climbed ashore and wandered into the forest. He found a rotten stump, slid under the bark, and curled up there into a ball.

Frogs, on the contrary, jump from the shore into the pond. They dive to the bottom, bury themselves deeper in the mud and silt. Snakes and lizards hide under the roots and burrow into the warm moss. Fish flock in schools in pools and deep underwater holes.

Butterflies, flies, mosquitoes, and beetles climbed into the cracks, holes in the bark, and cracks in walls and fences. The ants blocked all the gates, all the entrances and exits of their high hundred-gate city. They climbed into the very depths of it, huddle there in heaps, in a crowded place - they freeze like that.

I'm getting hungry, hungry!

The cold is not so terrible for those animals whose blood is hot - animals, birds. If only there was food: if he ate, it was as if he had lit a stove inside himself. But with cold comes hunger.

Butterflies, flies, mosquitoes disappeared - and the bats had nothing to eat. They hide in hollows, in caves, in rock crevices, under roofs in attics. They hang there upside down, clinging to something with the claws of their hind legs. They smell like a cloak on their wings and fall asleep.

Frogs, toads, lizards, snakes, snails disappeared. The hedgehog hid in his grass nest under the roots. The badger leaves the hole less often.

DEPARTURE OF BIRDS TO THE WINTERING GROUND

AUTUMN FROM THE SKY

I wish I could look at our endless country from the sky. In autumn. To rise on a stratospheric balloon higher than a standing forest, higher than a walking cloud - it would be thirty kilometers above the ground. You still won’t see the end of our land, but see what you can see all around – it’s huge from there. Unless, of course, the sky is clear and the earth is not obscured by a solid cloud - a shell.

And it will seem from such a height that our entire earth is in motion: something is moving over forests, steppes, mountains, seas...

These are birds. Countless flocks of birds.

Our migrants leave their homeland - they fly to wintering grounds.

Some, of course, remain: sparrows, pigeons, jackdaws, bullfinches, siskins, tits, woodpeckers and other small things. All wild chickens, except quails. Large goshawk, large owls. But even these predators have little work to do in winter: most birds still fly away from us for the winter. The departure begins at the end of summer: the first to fly away are those that arrived last in the spring. And it lasts all autumn - until the waters are covered with ice. The last to fly away from us are those that were the first to appear in the spring: rooks, larks, starlings, ducks, seagulls...

WHO WHERE

Do you think the flight from the stratospheric balloon to wintering grounds is a continuous stream of flocks of birds from north to south? No way!

Different types of birds fly away at different times, most fly at night: it’s safer. And not everyone flies from north to south for the winter. There are birds that fly from east to west in autumn. Others are the opposite - from west to east. And we also have those who fly straight to the north for the winter!

Our special correspondents telegraph to us by wireless telegraph, transmit by wireless mail - by radio - where who is flying and how the winged wanderers feel on the way.

FROM WEST TO EAST

"Whose! Whose! Whose!" - this is how the red canaries - lentils - talked in a flock. They began their journey from the shores of the Baltic Sea, from the Leningrad and Novgorod regions back in August. They fly slowly: there is enough food everywhere - what's the hurry? They are not flying to their homeland - to feather nests and take out children.

We saw them flying across the Volga, through the low Ural ridge, and now we see them in Baraba - the Western Siberian steppe. Day after day they move increasingly to the east, increasingly to the east - in the direction where the sun rises. They fly from grove to grove: the entire Barabinsk steppe is surrounded by birch groves.

They try to fly at night, and during the day they rest and feed. Even though they fly in flocks and every bird in the flock is careful not to get into trouble, it still happens: they don’t look out for themselves, and one or two of them are grabbed by a hawk. There are a lot of them here in Siberia: sparrowhawk, hawksbills, white-throated hobby, merlin... Swift-winged birds are a passion! While you are flying from peg to peg, how many will be snatched away! It’s still better at night: there are fewer owls.

Here, in Siberia, there is a bundle for the lentils: through the Altai Mountains, through the desert of Mongolia - how many more of them die, little ones, on the difficult journey! - to hot India. They spend the winter there.

FROM EAST TO WEST

Clouds of ducks and whole clouds of gulls hatch every summer on Lake Onega. Autumn comes - these clouds move to the west - at sunset. A flock of pintail ducks and a flock of common gulls set off for the winter. We'll fly after them by plane.

Do you hear a sharp whistle? Behind him is the splash of water, the sound of wings, the desperate quack of ducks, the cries of seagulls!..

These pintails and seagulls were settling down to rest on a forest lake, and the migrating peregrine falcon overtook them here. Like a long shepherd's whip, it pierced the air with a whistle, swept over the very back of the duck that had risen into the air - it cut it with the claw of its hind finger, sharp as a crooked knife. Having hung its long neck like a whip, the wounded bird did not have time to fall into the lake when the swift falcon turned sharply, grabbed it just above the water, killed it with one blow of its steel beak to the back of the head and took it away for dinner.

This peregrine falcon is the misfortune of the duck flock. Together with her, he set off on a flight from Lake Onega, together with her he passed Leningrad, the Gulf of Finland, Latvia... When he is full, he indifferently watches, sitting somewhere on a rock or tree, how seagulls fly over the water, how ducks tumble upside down on the water . How they rise from the water and, gathered in a group or stretched out by the reins, continue their journey to the west - to where the sun descends like a yellow ball into the gray waters of the Baltic Sea. But as soon as the peregrine falcon gets hungry, he quickly catches up with his flock and snatches a duck from it.

So he will fly after them along the shores of the Baltic and North Seas, fly after them to the British Isles - and only near their coast, perhaps, will this winged wolf finally get rid of them. Here our ducks and seagulls will remain for the winter, and if he wants, he will fly for other flocks of ducks to the south - to France, Italy, across the Mediterranean Sea to sultry Africa.

TO THE NORTH, TO THE NORTH – TO THE LANDS OF MIDNIGHT!

Eider ducks - the same ones that give us such amazingly warm and light fluff for our fur coats - calmly raised their chicks on the White Sea - in the Kandalaksha Nature Reserve. For many years, eiders have been protected here, and students and scientists ring them: they put light metal rings with numbers on their legs in order to know where the eiders fly from the reserve, where they winter, how many eiders return back to the reserve, to their nesting grounds, and various other details of the life of these wonderful birds.

And then we learned that eiders were flying from the reserve almost directly north - to the land of midnight, to the Arctic Ocean, where harp seals live and beluga whales sigh loudly and drawn out.

The White Sea will soon be covered with thick ice, and the eiders will have nothing to feed on in winter. And there, in the north, the water is open all year round, where seals and huge beluga whales fish.

Eiders pluck mollusks - underwater shells - from rocks and algae. For them - the northern birds - the main thing is that they are fed. And even if there is terrible frost, and water all around, and pitch darkness, they are not afraid: their fur coats are made of eider down, impenetrable to the cold, the warmest down in the world! Yes, every now and then there are flashes - wonderful northern lights in the sky, and a huge moon, and clear stars. What is it that the sun doesn’t peek out of the ocean there for several months? Polar ducks still have a good, satisfying and free time there during the long polar winter night.

TIR

REPLY STRAIGHT ON THE TARGET! CONTEST SEVEN

1. On what day (according to the calendar) does autumn begin?

2. Which animal will still give birth to cubs during leaf fall in the fall?

3. Which tree leaves turn red in autumn?

4. Do all migratory birds fly away from us to the south in the fall?

5. Why are old bull moose called “elks”?

6. Which birds mutter in the spring: “I’ll buy a robe, sell a fur coat,” and in the fall: “I’ll sell a robe, buy a fur coat”?

7. What does it mean if a crow croaks over some place in the forest?

8. Where do butterflies go in the fall?

9. Sits - turns green, flies - turns yellow, falls - turns black.

10. Lanky got stuck in the grass.

11. Grayish, toothy, prowling around the field, looking for calves, looking for guys.

12. A little thief in a gray army jacket is snooping around the field, picking up food.

13. On the forest, on the Jura, there is an old man - a brown cap.

14. He doesn’t take it himself and doesn’t give it to the crows.

FOREST NEWSPAPER No. 8
MONTH OF FULL PANTRY (SECOND MONTH OF AUTUMN)

The sun enters the sign of Scorpio

THE YEAR IS A SOLAR POEM IN 12 MONTHS

OCTOBER – leaf fall, muddy, winter.

The leaf blowing winds tear the last rags from the forest. Rain. A wet crow is bored on the fence. She, too, will soon be on her way: the gray crows that flew with us are quietly migrating to the south, and in their place the same crows, born in the north, are also quietly moving in their place. It turns out that the crow is a migratory bird. There, in the far north, the crow is the first to arrive, just as we have the rook, and the last to leave.

Having finished with its first task, stripping the forest, autumn sets about the second: it chills and chills the water. More and more often in the morning, puddles are covered with fragile ice. Like the air, the water has already become depleted of life. Those flowers that adorned it in the summer had long since dropped their seeds to the bottom and pulled their long stalks under the water. The fish are huddled in pits, yatovs, to spend the winter where the water does not freeze. The soft tailed newt-chariton lived all summer in the pond, and now it has crawled out of the water - crawled to spend the winter on land, somewhere in the moss under the roots. Ice covers standing waters.

The cool blood on dry land also gets cold. Insects, mice, spiders, centipedes are hiding somewhere. Climbing into dry pits, the snakes intertwine and freeze. Frogs hide in the mud, lizards hide behind the loose bark of stumps and die there... Animals - some dress in warm fur coats, some stuff their closets in holes, some make their own dens. Getting ready.

In autumn bad weather there are seven weathers in the yard: it sows, it blows, it crushes, it stirs, it roars and pours, and it sweeps from below.

PREPARE FOR WINTER

The frost is not great, but it does not command you to yawn: as soon as it strikes, it immediately freezes the earth and water with ice. Where will you get food for yourself then? Where will you hide?

In the forest, everyone prepares for winter in their own way.

Those who are supposed to fly away from hunger and cold on wings. Those who remained are in a hurry to fill their pantries, preparing food supplies for future use.

Short-tailed voles are especially diligent in dragging around. Many of them have dug winter holes for themselves right in the stacks and under the stacks of grain and steal grain every night.

Five or six paths lead to the hole, each path leading to its own entrance. Underground there is a bedroom and several storage rooms.

In winter, voles go to sleep only in the most severe frosts. That's why they stock up on large amounts of bread. In some holes, four to five kilograms of selected grain have already been collected.

Small rodents rob grain fields. We must protect the harvest from them.

VEGETABLE STOCK

A short-eared water rat lived in the summer in the country, right next to the river. There she had one living room underground. The passage from the room led obliquely downwards - straight into the water.

Now the water rat has made itself a nice, warm winter apartment far from the water, on a hummocky meadow. There are underground passages leading to the apartment, one hundred steps long or more.

The bedroom is lined with soft, warm grass and is placed under the largest hummock.

The storage room is connected to the bedroom by special passages.

In the pantry, grains, peas, onions, beans and potatoes, stolen and dragged by a rat from the fields and vegetable gardens, are stacked in strict order by variety.

BELKINA DRYING SHOP

The squirrel took one of its round nests in the trees for storage. She has hazelnuts and cones stacked there.

In addition, the squirrel collected mushrooms - boletus and birch mushrooms. She planted them on broken pine branches and dried them for future use. In winter, she will wander through the branches of trees and eat dried mushrooms.

YOUR OWN PANTRY

And many animals do not arrange any special storehouses for themselves. They are their own storerooms.

They’ll just eat a lot during the autumn months, become fat and fat, fat and fat – and that’s all. Fat is the same food supply. It lies in a thick layer under the skin, and when the animal has nothing to eat, it penetrates the blood, like food through the walls of the intestines. And the blood carries food throughout the body.

This is how the bear, badger, bats and all other animals and animals settle down and sleep soundly all winter. Moreover, their fat warms them: it does not let the cold through.

A THIEF STOLEN FROM A THIEF

How cunning and thieving the forest long-eared owl is, but a thief was found and deceived her.

The long-eared owl looks like an eagle owl, only small. The beak is hooked, the feathers on the head are erect, and the eyes are wide-eyed. No matter how dark the night, these eyes will see everything, ears will hear everything.

A mouse rustles in the dry leaves - the owl is already here. Tsop! - and the mouse rises into the air. If a hare flashes across the clearing, the night robber is already above him. Tsop! - and the bunny struggles in its claws.

The owl carried some dead mice into its hollow. She doesn’t eat it herself and doesn’t give it to others: she saves it for a rainy day.

During the day he sits in a hollow, guarding supplies. At night it flies to hunt. She herself, no, no, will return to the hollow: is everything intact?

Suddenly the owl began to notice: as if its reserves were becoming smaller. The housewife is sharp-sighted: she is not trained to count - she notices by eye.

Night came, the owl got hungry and flew off to hunt.

Returns - not a single mouse! He sees a gray little animal, the length of a rat, scurrying around at the bottom of the hollow.

She wanted to dig in with her claws, but he snuck down into the hole and rushed along the ground. There is a mouse in the teeth.

The owl followed him and was about to overtake him, but when he saw who the thief was, he got cold feet and didn’t take it away. The thief turned out to be a predatory animal - a weasel.

The weasel trades in robbery, and although a small animal, it is so brave and dexterous that it can compete with an owl. If you grab her chest with your teeth, you will never tear it off.

SCARY…

The trees flew around - the forest thinned out.

A forest hare is lying under a bush, pressed to the ground - only looking around with its eyes. He's scared. There are rustling, rustling sounds all around... Could it be that the wings of a hawk are rustling in the branches? Could it be that the fox’s legs are rustling the fallen leaves? And he - the bunny - turns white, all stained. To wait for the snow to fall! Everything around was so bright, the forest became colorful, everywhere on the ground there was yellow, red, brown foliage.

What if he’s a hunter?!

Jump? Run? Where there! The dry leaf rattles underfoot like iron. You'll go crazy from your own stomping!

And the little white hare lies under a bush, pressed into the moss, pressed against a birch stump, lies hidden, does not move, only looking around with his eyes.

Very scary…

THE RIDDLE OF OREKHOVKA

There is such a crow in our forests - smaller than an ordinary hooded crow and all speckled. In our country it is called nutweed, and in Siberia it is called nutcracker.

She collects reserves of nuts for the winter - in hollows and under the roots of trees.

In winter, nuts migrate from place to place, from forest to forest, and use these reserves.

Your own? The fact of the matter is that each of the nuts uses not the reserves that it itself has made, but the reserves of its relatives. She wanders off to some grove where she has never been before, and immediately begins to look for other people’s supplies. He looks into all the hollows and finds nuts there.

In the hollows it’s clear. But how does a nut nut find nuts in winter that are hidden by other nuts under the roots of trees and bushes? After all, the ground is all covered with snow! And the nut will fly up to the bush, dig up the snow under it - and always, without error, find someone else’s reserve under it. How does she know that it is under this one of the thousands of bushes and trees growing all around that the nuts are stored? By what signs? We don't know this yet. It is necessary to come up with cunning experiments to find out what motivates the nuts when looking for other people's reserves under a monotonous veil of snow.

TIR

REPLY STRAIGHT ON THE TARGET! CONTEST EIGHTH

1. Where is it more convenient for a hare to run - downhill or uphill?

2. What bird secrets does leaf fall reveal to us?

3. Which forest dweller dries mushrooms on his trees?

4. What animal lives in the water in summer and in the ground in winter?

5. Do birds collect supplies for the winter?

6. How do ants prepare for winter?

7. Where do frogs go for the winter?

8. Pal Palych fell on the water, he did not drown and did not muddy the water.

9. Run-run - you won’t reach, fly - you won’t reach.

10. What happens to a crow after three years?

11. I swam in the pond, but remained dry.

12. Not of the princely breed, but wears a crown; not a horseman, but with spurs. He gets up early and doesn’t let others sleep.

13. With a tail, not a beast; with feathers, not a bird.

"Bird Class"

General lesson-quiz (8th grade)

(It is carried out according to the principle of the TV game “Lucky Chance”. 2 teams of 5 students each take part in the quiz. In addition, assistants are selected from among the students who count the points, writing them on the board. The rest of the students are assigned the role of fans - they participate in warm-up and answer questions if the teams find it difficult to answer.)

Warm-up

Before the quiz starts, team members and fans are asked to repeat the taxonomy of birds. The presenter names the bird, and the participants name the squad to which it belongs.

1. Swallow – order Passeriformes.

2. Swan - order Anseriformes (Lamelbills).

3. Owls - Owl squad (Nocturnal predators).

4. Capercaillie - order Galliformes.

5. Heron – order of Angioede (Stork-like).

6. Crane - order Crane-like.

7. Turtle dove – order Pigeonidae.

8. Tit – order Passeriformes.

9. Hawk - order Falconiformes (Day birds of prey).

10. Crow - order Passeriformes.

11. Woodpecker – order Woodpeckers.

I round

Questions for the 1st team

1. Why do domestic ducks and geese suddenly begin to cry sadly in the spring and become very excited? (The ancestors of our domestic geese and ducks were migratory birds. In the spring, during the migration of wild ducks and geese, domestic ones are also drawn to fly somewhere.)

2. What birds “graze” flocks in South Africa? How? (Ostriches. They see predators from afar and by their behavior warn the shepherd about them.)

Questions for the 2nd team

1. Do all birds hatch their chicks once a summer? (No. Finches, goldfinches, warblers, tits, pigeons - twice; sparrows, buntings - two or three times.)

2. When does a bird sing louder - in flight or sitting on a branch? Why? (In flight. When flapping the wings, the air sacs and air from greater strength enters the vocal apparatus.)

Playing with spectators

Which of our large forest birds mutters with the onset of spring as if saying “I’ll buy a robe, sell a fur coat,” and with the onset of autumn mutters “I’ll sell a robe, buy a fur coat”? (Grouse).

2nd round

Within a certain period of time, the team should try to answer as many questions as possible.

Questions for the 1st team

1. What bird, living in the taiga and tundra, changes the color of its plumage twice a year? (White partridge.)

2. What is the smallest bird in our country? (Korolek.)

3. Who flies to us first - swifts or swallows? (Swallows.)

4. What birds spend the night buried in the snow? (Grouse, hazel grouse.)

5. Which bird is the largest on earth? (African ostrich.)

6. What cities are named after birds? (Eagle, Goose-Crystal.)

7. Where do starlings nest, besides birdhouses? (In the hollows.)

8. Why do starlings and jackdaws sit on cows, sheep and horses? (Insects are selected from their fur.)

9. Which bird is named after an ancient musical instrument because of the shape of its tail? (Lyre bird or lyrebird.)

10. Who is called a feathered cat? (Owl.)

Questions for the 2nd team

1. Which songbirds have red males and greenish or yellowish females? (Crossbills, shuras, lentils).

2. What bird’s cry resembles a cat’s? (Oriole.)

3. Which bird has two toes? (Ostrich.)

4. What bird bears the writer’s surname? (Gogol.)

5. Which birds have females that are larger and stronger than males? (In carnivores.)

6. When is a sparrow’s body temperature higher – in winter or summer? (Always the same.)

7. What birds hatch chicks in winter? (Crossbills.)

8. What birds do not land on the ground, on water, or on branches? (Swifts.)

9. Which bird makes bedding in its nest from fish bones? (Kingfisher.)

10. What birds and where are they domesticated for fishing? (Cormorants in China.)

Question for viewers

In the 60s A new direction has appeared in science - bionics. The goal of this science is to solve engineering and technical problems based on the study of the structure and vital functions of living organisms.

Today we all use zippers in everyday life. What natural analogue of this fastener is found in the “black box”? (A contour feather, the fan of which consists of many thin and narrow plates clinging to each other.)

III round

In 10 seconds you need to find an error in the proposed statement.

1. Birds belonging to the order of diurnal predators: eagle, vulture, falcon, crow, kite. (Crow.)

2. Birds belonging to the order of owls: owl, owl, tawny owl, osprey. (Osprey.)

3. Corvid birds: crow, pigeon, jackdaw, rook. (Pigeon.)

IV round

Each team is given a card with the name of the animal written on it. You need to depict it so that the other team names this animal.

At the end, the jury sums up the results of the game.

Municipal educational institution "Dmitrievskaya Secondary School"

Methodological development

"Subject week of the world around us"

in primary school"

Performed:

Surnina Svetlana Alexandrovna,

teacher primary classes

With. Dmitrievka, 2015

Subject week on the surrounding world for students primary school

Motto of the week “Look how good the world you live in is”

Objectives:

To develop students’ interest in the lessons of “The World around us”; improve educational level; carry out environmental education.

To form students’ ability to perceive a holistic picture of the world and respect for nature.

Create conditions for the development and implementation of students’ cognitive and creative abilities to study nature.

Create conditions for the formation of a healthy lifestyle.

Develop the ability to work independently and present the results of individual activities.

Event plan:

Opening of the week. Campaign “Plant a tree”.

Quiz “About green forests and forest wonders.”

Olympiad “Nature Experts” in grades 1, 2, 3, 4.

Competition “Breakfast on the Grass” (menu made from plants).

Competition of editors-in-chief “The World Around Us” (crosswords, puzzles).

Drawing competition “Our world is a miracle.”

Photo competition “We are responsible for those we have tamed.”

Travel game “In the kingdom of nature” (Thursday)

Summing up (Saturday).

Rewarding. Closing of the subject week (Monday).

We wish you creative success!

Promotion "Plant a tree"

A tree without leaves is hung on the wall in the hall. Over the course of a week, leaves with the names of various trees are attached to it.

Quiz.

“About green forests and forest wonders.”

For students in grades 1-4.

What birds in the spring mutter “I’ll buy a robe, sell a fur coat”?

Do mosquitoes have teeth?

Herb for 99 diseases?

Multi-colored mushrooms?

What is the name of a squirrel's nest?

Which cubs are born “naked”, and after a few hours they have a covering?

“About green forests and forest wonders.” (answers)

For students in grades 1-4.

Why do the lower branches of pine die, but not those of spruce?(Pine is a light-loving tree)

Which tree blooms the latest?(Linden - blooms in summer)

What kind of hunting is allowed in the forest at any time of the year?(Photo hunt)

Name the most voracious predator on the planet?(Dragonfly, because per day it eats several times more food than it weighs)

What birds in the spring mutter “I’ll buy a robe, sell a fur coat”?(Mowers, black grouse - males, the words are similar in imitation of his song - muttering)

What bird secrets does leaf fall reveal to us?(Bird's nests are clearly visible)

Are baby bunnies born sighted or blind?(Sighted)

Who calls the cuckoo, the male or the female?(Male)

What animal grows teeth every day?(All rodents)

Do mosquitoes have teeth?(Yes – 22)

Which animal has 2 monuments?(to the frog)

Are there rhinoceroses in our forests?(Yes, rhinoceros beetle)

What animal runs like a wolf, climbs like a cat, and looks like a bear?(Wolverine)

Herb for 99 diseases?(St. John's wort)

Multi-colored mushrooms?(Russula)

Is a tree a symbol of our Motherland?(Birch)

What is the name of a squirrel's nest?(Gaino)

What cubs are born “naked”, and after a few hours they have a covering?(Ezhata)

What insects clap their hands?(Mosquitoes, moths)

Which plants are predators for insects?(Sundew)

The name of which plant tells where it lives?(Plantain)

Olympiad for 1st grade on the surrounding world.

1. Riddle. Draw the answer.

White carrots grow in winter. ______________________

2. Write down the emergency phone numbers:

Police - ___________, Ambulance- ___________, Fire Department - ____________

3. Underline the names of the planets with a pencil solar system:

Mercury, Pluto, Aldebaran, Moon, Earth, Mars, Sirius, Venus, Jupiter, Sun, Saturn.

4. Collect animal names from letters:

BRUSKA - ______________________ OBKASA - _______________________

WURDLEB - ___________________________ LEZOK - _________________________

5. How many legs does a spider have? __________

6. What bird throws its eggs into other people's nests? _______________________

7. What is the name of the position of head of state?_____________________

What is the name of the position of the head of the city?__________________________

8. Connect the words from the first column with the words in the second column:

Animal Housing

Bear Hive

Bee Coop

Dog Kennel

Chicken Anthill

Fox Den

Ant Burrow

Olympiad for 2nd grade on the world around us.

Last name, first name_________________________ Number of points____________

1. Riddle. Write the answer.

Without arms, without legs, he knocks at the window, asking to come into the hut. ______________________

2. What country do we live in?________________

3. Underline objects with a pencil inanimate nature: Sun, stone, bear, cloud, hut, rock, well, tunnel, horse, bird, plane, lightning.

4. Collect plant names from letters:

BUNKRSIA - ______________________ AIAMLN - _______________________

ZAREBE - ___________________________ LTPAJUN - _________________________

5. What distinguishes fish from other animals?

___________________________________________________________________ __________

6. How are plants located in the forest? Underline the correct answer:

Groups, tiers, families.

7. Write 3 symbols of any state.__________________________________________

9. Who spends the night where? Ant –in the anthill , bear -in the den ,

horses - _______________, pigs - ________________, bees - ____________________, foxes - _______________, cows - _________________, dogs - __________________.

Magpie Poured

Eagle owl cackling

Nightingale Shades

Sparrow Tweets

Tit Chirping

Goose Hoots

Olympiad for 3rd grade on the world around us.

Last name, first name_________________________ Number of points____________

1. Name the animals whose names have only 3 letters.

2. Which sea does not exist? Emphasize.

Red Sea, White Sea, Black Sea, Blue Sea, Yellow Sea.

3. What body can be in a solid, liquid or gaseous state?_____________

4. Why is hunting strictly prohibited in spring? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. What is the worst thing for birds in winter?_________________________________________________

6. Think about which parts of the plant are eaten:

For beets - ___________________, for lettuce - ________________________, for plums - ____________________, for roses - __________________________.

7. Three spoons were placed in hot water: iron, plastic and wood. After 3 minutes they wanted to get them. Which spoon will be the hottest? ____________________

8. Solve the crossword:

1. An object that helps determine the cardinal directions.

2. The edge is visible, but you can’t reach it.

3. Visually impaired animal.

4. And a cloud, and a fog, and a river, and an ocean. I fly and run, and I can be made of glass.

5.Forest doctor (bird).

6. Bird bringing children.

7. Wintering bird.

Olympiad for 4th grade on the world around us.

Last name, first name_________________________ Number of points____________

1. Name the animals whose names have only 2 letters.

_____________________________________________________________________________

2. Match the names of countries with the names of capitals

Paris *

* Japan

Rome *

* France

Moscow *

* Germany

Tokyo*

* Russia

London*

* Italy

Berlin *

* England

3. Remember what color the Russian flag is and color it.

4. Solve the puzzles:

5. Three spoons were placed in hot water: iron, plastic and wood. After 3 minutes they wanted to get them. Which spoon will be the hottest? ____________________

7. Which berry is black, red and white?_____________________________________________

6. Write down the words for “rooms” in different institutions:

At the hotel - ____________

In the monastery - _______________

In the clinic - __________________

On the train - _________________

In the museum - ____________________

Answers.

Olympiad 1st class Env. World

1. Icicle

2.02,03,01

3. Mercury, Pluto, Earth, Mars, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn.

4. Badger, Camel, Dog, Goat

6.Cuckoo

7.President, Mayor

8. Bear-den, bee-hive, dog-kennel, chicken-coop, fox-hole, ant-anthill.

Olympiad 2nd class Surrounding world

1. Wind

2. Sochi

3. Sun, stone, cloud, rock, lightning.

4. Lingonberry, birch, raspberry, tulip

5. Gills, fins, scales

6.In tiers

7.Coat of arms, flag, anthem

9. Horses - in a stable (in a stall), pigs - in a pigsty, bees - in a hive, foxes - in a hole, cows - in a barn, a dog - in a kennel.

10. The eagle owl hoots, the goose cackles, the nightingale sings, the sparrow chirps, the magpie chirps, the tit shades.

Olympiad 3rd grade Surrounding world

1.bull, ruff, catfish, ide, siskin, etc.

2.blue sea

3.water

4.because animals feed their young

5. hunger

6. beets have a root, a plum has a fruit, a lettuce has leaves, a rose has a flower

7.iron

8. compass, horizon, mole, water, woodpecker, stork, bullfinch

Olympiad 4th grade Surrounding world

1.yak, snake, hedgehog, etc.

2.Paris - France, Rome - Italy, Moscow - Russia, Tokyo - Japan, London - England, Berlin - Germany

3.white

blue

red

4. intersection

traffic light

5. iron

7.currant

6. Hotel - room, monastery - cell, clinic - office, train - compartment, museum - hall.

Contest“Breakfast on the grass” (menu from plants)

What do forests give to people?
Raspberries, nuts, bird voices.
Leaf with dewdrop,
A basket of mushrooms.
Each of us is ready for a miracle.

Contesteditors-in-chief of “The World Around Us” (crosswords, puzzles)

Only you wake up in the morning,
You will immediately encounter a rebus,
Don't give up, guess
And help nature!

The game is a journey “Into the kingdom of nature.”

1. Look, my young friend, what is around:
The sky is light blue, the sun is shining golden,

2. The wind plays with the leaves, a cloud floats in the sky.
Field, river and grass, mountains, air and foliage,

3. Birds, animals and forests, thunder, fog and dew,
Man and the season are all about nature!

4. Everyone in the world needs each other
And midges are no less necessary than elephants.

5. You can’t do without ridiculous monsters
And even without evil and ferocious predators.

6. We need everything in the world, we need everything in a row,
Who makes honey and who makes poison.

7. Bad things for a cat without a mouse,
A mouse without a cat can do no better.

8. And if someone seems superfluous to us,
This, of course, will turn out to be a mistake.

9. Everyone in the world needs each other
And this is what you, children, must remember.

In chorus: So let's save

Our earthly natural home!

2 mixed teams of eight people are formed (3 from each class). Children determine the captain and team name. After receiving their waybills, students travel to four stations. Time is regulated (5 minutes).

At the end of the trip, the results are summed up: the total number of points scored by the team is calculated; The students’ representation of their team is taken into account, and a rating of the results is posted.

Sample travel sheet.

Team name _______________________________________________________________________________________________

Station names

Number of points

Notes

Guess it - draw it.

Station for entertaining questions.

Collect a proverb.

Erudite

I T O G O

1) The first station “Guess - Draw”.

Participants solve riddles and collectively draw the resulting plot on a piece of paper.

Puzzles.

We cry without him

and how will it appear -

we hide from him. (Sun)

The gates rose

There is beauty all over the world. (Rainbow)

Flows, flows -

It won't leak

Runs, runs -

He won't run out. (River)

It's fun in the spring,

It's cold in the summer,

Nourishes in autumn

Warms in winter. (Tree)

Who was born twice:

Smooth for the first time

Soft the second time? (Bird)

Yellow hostess

Came from the forest

I counted all the chickens

and took it with her. (Fox)

Not a mouse, not a bird

frolicking in the forest,

lives in trees

And he gnaws nuts. (Squirrel)

She doesn’t see herself

And he points to others. (Road)

2) Second – « Station for entertaining questions"

Children are given a card with questions they must answer.

Competition questions:

The smallest bird (hummingbird)

What bird is called a feathered cat? (owl)

Which birds have wings covered with scales? (penguin)

What fish has a monkey's tail? (sea Horse)

What animal carries its young in a pouch? (kangaroo)

Bunnies born in winter? (nastovik)

hares born in summer (herbalists)

Which animal goes the longest without food? (camel)

Animal – gargle (raccoon)

Tallest animal (giraffe)

Fastest animal (cheetah)

Whose tongue is longer than the body? (chameleon)

Forest orderly (wolf)

Beast - builder (beavers)

The world's largest snake (anaconda)

The largest animal living on earth (elephant)

The oldest insect on the planet (dragonfly)

House insect (bee)

These mushrooms grow as a friendly family on a stump (honey mushrooms)

The largest animal in Russia (elk)

The largest bird. (ostrich)

The thickest plant. (baobab)

The smallest animal. (shrew)

Who picks apples with their backs? (Hedgehog. )

What birds hatch chicks three times during the summer? (Sparrows, buntings. )

What bird gets its food from under the ice? (Dipper. )

Which animal has the loudest voice? (Crocodile. )

Where is the grasshopper's ear? (On the foot. )

What bird can fly tail first? (Hummingbird. )

Which snow melts faster - clean or dirty? (Filthy. )

What mushroom is named after the forest beast of prey? (Chanterelle. )

What animal spends almost all its time underground? (Mole. )

1. 3. Third station “Collect a proverb.”

Participants are offered 10 red and 10 yellow cards. The first part of the proverb is written on red cards, and the second part on yellow cards. Children are invited to collect a proverb. 1 point for each proverb.

Proverbs.

The sun will rise clearly - goodbye, bright month.

They take every mushroom into their hands, but not every one is put into a box.

Spring and autumn – there are eight weather conditions per day.

A moth flies to a good flower.

Don't be afraid of the cold, wash yourself up to your waist.

Spring is red with flowers, and autumn is red with sheaves.

In spring the rain is soaring, in autumn it is wet.

Summer is bad if there is no sun.

The berry is red, but tastes bitter.

Snow in the fields - bread in the bins.

4) Fourth station “Erudite”.

Each team is given sheets of identical crossword puzzles. Teams solve them. Time – 5 minutes.

4

6

1

2

3

5

and

And

Questions:

The name of a group of animals that includes the elephant, dolphin and bear (beasts).

The name of a group of animals that includes the snail, scallop and squid (molluscs).

The name of a group of animals that includes the eagle, crane and woodpecker (birds).

The name of a group of animals that includes the pond frog, toad and newt (amphibians).

The name of a group of animals that includes shark, herring and pike (fish).

The name of a group of animals that includes the bumblebee, grasshopper and ladybug (insects).

Closing of the week. Summarizing.

Concluding the week of nature connoisseurs,
We are pleased to summarize:

Now you’re not afraid to have breakfast in the forest.
You will be able to feed and drink each other.
And how many interesting delicious dishes
It was invented from herbs, berries, nuts.

Some of you have been editors:

These are guys with strong character.

Crosswords and puzzles can make up
They will not leave nature in trouble!

We found those at school
Who knows about nature
Most.
Glory to the “Nature Experts”!

(Winner's reward ceremony)

Examples of tokens for competitions.

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