From 5 technical specifications. Bearing layout
The lathe from 5 is designed for metal processing and is characterized by increased accuracy. This device was developed at a machine tool plant in Odessa. The design of the mechanisms allows you to work with workpieces of large diameters (up to 25 cm above the bed). Most often, this machine is used in small repair shops, which is dictated by its lightweight design and relatively small dimensions.
Description
The operating principle of the installation is based on the transfer of energy from an electric motor through a V-belt system and a gear-type coupling to the input shaft of a converting device, which changes the speed due to the movement of the pulley disk. Only by passing through this unit is rotation transmitted to the working units of the machine.
In addition to standard structural elements, the basic structure of the device includes additional devices. The frame provides the possibility of installing a special stop for more convenient work with large workpieces and a special clamp for rods. In addition, the machine includes a chuck with three clamps for better control over rotating bodies.
Technical indicators
This machine has relatively small dimensions:
- height – 1.36 m;
- length – 1.51 m;
- width – 0.72 m;
- weight – 765 kg.
The design of the mechanisms allows you to create 3 types of threads: metric, inch and modular. The number of feeds on the machine is 28. The spindle is made with a hole of 2.6 cm, and the number of its revolutions is in the range of 30 - 3000 rpm. The design also provides for spindle braking.
The maximum diameter of the workpiece processed above the bed is up to 25 cm, and above the support – 14.5 cm. The gap between centers is 50 cm. The maximum diameter of the rod is 2.5 cm, and the maximum length of the part being worked on should not exceed half a meter .
Thanks to all the technical capabilities listed above, this device is classified as a machine with increased precision. The dimensions of the machine and the features of its functioning are best suited for small repair and mobile workshops.
Design and control system features
- Bed.
- Support stand.
- Front grandma.
- Guitar.
- Transmission.
- Converting device.
- Switch.
- Frame.
- Lubrication unit.
- Apron.
- Caliper.
- Rear grandma.
- Cooling system.
- Fencing.
- Electrical equipment.
The electrical equipment of the machine is designed to be powered from a general network with a voltage of 220 V or 380 V. To illuminate the working area, a 12-volt voltage is required. The design of the device provides for the presence of two asynchronous electric motors. The electrical component of the machine is one of its most vulnerable points.
To avoid failure of the entire mechanism or its individual parts, it is necessary to regularly and carefully check the condition of the electrical equipment and replace faulty parts in a timely manner.
Video: lathe OT 5.
Machine controls
1 – Override lever.
2 – Protective panel.
3 – Handle for changing the thread pitch.
4 – Drive reverse handle.
5 – Protective panel.
6 – Handle for switching feeds and threads.
7 – Handle for switching feeds and threads.
8 – Handle for activating the lead screw and shaft.
9 – Knob for switching feeds and threads.
10 – Knob for switching feeds and threads.
11 – CVT gear shift knob.
12 – Rear headstock.
13 – Flywheel for spindle speed indicators.
14 – Spindle speed control knob.
21 – Cooling system activator.
22 – Introductory machine.
25 – Fuse activator on the apron.
26 – Flywheel for adjusting the amount of traction gain.
28 – uterine nut activation handle.
29 – Handle for selecting caliper feed (longitudinal and transverse).
31 – Handle for moving the rear quill. grandmas.
32 – Rear clamp handle. grandmas.
33 – Handle for moving the carriage.
34 – Rear quill clamp handle. grandmas.
36 – Work area lighting switch.
37 – Handle for fixing the tool holder.
38 – Handle for manual movement (transverse).
39 – Handwheel for manual movement (longitudinal).
40 – Button for activating the longitudinal feed flywheel.
Information about the manufacturer of the OT-5 screw-cutting lathe
Manufacturers of the OT-5 screw-cutting lathe were Odessa Machine Tool Plant And Kirovakan Precision Machine Tools Plant Kirovokan - Vanadzor.
Currently, production of the machines has been discontinued.
OT-5 lightweight screw-cutting lathe with increased precision. Purpose, scope
Lightweight lathe OT-5 designed on the base lathe 16B05P and can be used in mobile repair shops.
The OT-5 lathe is designed to perform various high-precision turning operations performed on centers, collets, chucks and faceplates, as well as for cutting metric, inch and modular threads.
The machine ensures the quality of the processed surface and the accuracy of work (accuracy of dimensions, geometric shapes) of a high class.
The machine is intended for use in climatic conditions - U.4.1. according to GOST 15150-69
Main design features
- Installation of the variator on a special plate that does not have contact with the stand, as well as the independent suspension of the machine apron, reduces the level of vibration during processing and improves the quality of the machined surface.
- Feed box provides cutting capabilities large quantity metric, modular threads and obtaining a wide range of longitudinal and transverse feeds without changing guitar gears. The spindle is mounted in original radial and thrust hydrostatic bearings, which, combined with the rigid design of the machine, allows for unique turning precision.
It is not built into an automatic line.
Accuracy class P according to GOST 8-82E.
Developer - Odessa Design Bureau of Special Machine Tools.
List of components of the screw-cutting lathe OT-5
- Bed - 16B05P.111.000
- Cabinet - OT-5.121.000
- Front headstock - OT-5.221.000
- Guitar - 16B05P.311.000
- Feed box - 16B05P.321.000
- CVT - 16B05P.211.000
- Switch - OT-5.821.000
- Frame - OT-5.131.000
- Lubrication unit - 16B04P.411.000
- Apron - 16B04P.331.000
- Caliper - 16B05P.341.000
- Rear headstock - OT-5.231.000
- Cooling - OT-5.511.000
- Fencing - OT-5.611.000
- Electrical equipment - OT-5.811.000
List of controls for the OT-5 screw-cutting lathe
- 1. Speed selector knob
- 2. Thread pitch increasing link handle
- 3. Feed drive reverse handle
- 6. Feed and thread switching handle
- 7. Handle for switching feeds and threads
- 8. Handle for turning on the lead screw or lead shaft
- 9. Handle for switching feeds and threads
- 10. Feed and thread switching handle
- 11. Variator speed shift knob
- 13. Handwheel for changing spindle speeds
- 14. Spindle rotation control handle
- 21. Cooling switch
- 23. Introductory machine
- 25. Handle for turning on the apron safety device
- 26. Handwheel for adjusting the amount of traction force
- 28. Handle for turning on the uterine nut
- 29. Button for switching longitudinal and transverse feed of the caliper
- 31. Handwheel for moving the tailstock quill
- 32. Tailstock clamp handle
- 33. Handle for moving the upper carriage
- 34. Tailstock quill clamp handle
- 36. Light switch
- 37. Tool holder clamp handle
- 38. Manual lateral movement handle
- 39. Handwheel for manual longitudinal movement
- 40. Button for turning on the handwheel and longitudinal feed dial
OT-5 Kinematic diagram of a screw-cutting lathe
The kinematic diagram of the machine allows the following operations:
- the main movement is spindle rotation
- feed movement - cutter movement
- rotation of the lubrication pump
CVT (continuously variable gearbox)
The variator consists of the variator itself and a two-stage gearbox (range shift box).
The first (drive) shaft 2 of the variator is driven into rotation by a flanged electric motor through a gear coupling half. The second half of the coupling is made integral with shaft 2, on which a stationary (in the axial direction) disk 4 and a spring-loaded sliding disk 3 are installed, forming the variator drive pulley. From this pulley, rotation is transmitted through a wide V-belt to shaft 7 through the driven variator pulley, consisting of a fixed disk 5 and a controlled sliding disk 6.
In addition to the driven pulley, gears 8 and 9 are located on shaft 7. Gear 9 is equipped with an outer and inner ring gear and a half-coupling. Gear 8, moving along the splines along shaft 7, switches the speed ranges of the variator output shaft. The drive pulley of the V-belt drive, connecting the variator to the headstock, is mounted on this shaft. To tension the transmission, the housing 11 of the variator gearbox can be rotated on the glass 10, mounted on the housing 1 of the variator. The housing 11 is rotated using the coupling nut 21, after which the housing is secured with screws to the glass 10.
The control mechanism for the variator and gearbox is located on top of the variator body. Handwheel 12 controls the movement of sliding disk 6, handle 16 serves to switch gears in the gearbox. The planetary gear 20-19-18-17 connects the handwheel 12 with the disk 13, on which a ring 14 with a dial 15 is installed. There are two spindle speed scales on the dial, one for direct activation of the spindle, the second for turning on the spindle through overdrive.
To read the scales, two pairs of indicator strokes are used, printed on a transparent shield located above the dial. When switching variator speeds, the shield moves together with handle 16. For counting, use the pair of index strokes that is currently in the upper position.
OT-5 Spindle head of a screw-cutting lathe
The headstock housing contains:
- spindle
- overkill
- drive of threads and feeds with bit
- control mechanism
The headstock take-up pulley 8 is mounted on a bushing 11, coaxial with the spindle 4. To the left of the pulley there is a direct spindle coupling 10, and to the right there are gear wheels 2, 6, 7, 11.
Machine spindle rotates in precision rolling bearings.
A double-row roller bearing and two angular contact ball bearings are installed in the front spindle support, and a radial ball bearing is installed in the rear support.
The rear support of the spindle and the left support of the sleeve 11 of the pulley 8 are located in the cup 9. When replacing drive belts, this cup must be removed.
Bust gear ratio the headstock is equal to 1/8. The control of the search 6, 7 and the direct clutch 10 is carried out with one handle. Next to the selection gear 11 on the spindle 4 there is a gear 3 for driving threads and feeds. The gear wheel 1, located on the first shaft 12 of the drive of threads and feeds, can be connected either to the gear wheel 11, or to the gear wheel 3 sitting on the spindle. This makes it possible to increase the thread pitch when enumeration is turned on.
Control handles The headstock mechanisms are located on the front wall of the headstock. A cast casing is attached to the headstock body 5 in front, in which control buttons for the main electric motor are installed.
Mechanism lubrication the front headstock is centralized, from the lubrication unit.
The feed box of the machine (Fig. 12) in combination with the guitar allows you to set the required gear ratios for thread cutting with different pitches and obtaining different longitudinal and transverse feeds.
The feed box contains the following mechanisms:
- Main row mechanism (gears 3, 4, 1, 2, 5, 8, 6, 7)
- Multiplying mechanism (gears 9, 10, 19, 15, 16, 17, 18)
- Row shift mechanism (gears 21, 22, 3, 4)
- Mechanism for switching the transmission of motion to the drive shaft or to the lead screw (coupling half 14)
- Mechanism for direct engagement of the lead screw (coupling halves 12, 14, 18, 20)
- Switching mechanism (not shown in figure)
The main series mechanism makes it possible to obtain four gear ratios proportional to the four pitches of metric or modular threads.
By multiplying these ratios by the multiplying gear ratios (1/4, 1/2, 1, 2) and by the row shifting gear ratios (1.1 1/4), metric and modular threads can be cut while constantly tuning the guitar.
The switching mechanisms are located on the plate under the feed box cover. The shift handles are located on the front cover.
Main technical characteristics of the OT-5 machine
| Parameter name | 16B05P | 16B04P | OT-5 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basic machine parameters | |||
| Accuracy class | P | P | P |
| The largest diameter of the workpiece above the bed, mm | 250 | 200 | 250 |
| The largest diameter of the workpiece above the support, mm | 145 | 115 | 145 |
| Maximum length of the workpiece at centers (RMC), mm | 500 | 350 | 500 |
| Height of centers above flat bed guides, mm | 135 | 108 | 135 |
| The greatest distance from the axis of the centers to the edge of the tool holder, mm | 135 | 110 | 135 |
| Height of the cutter installed in the tool holder, mm | 16 | 12 | 16 |
| Maximum height of the cutter holder, mm | 20 | 17 | 20 |
| Spindle | |||
| Spindle hole diameter, mm | 26,5 | 24 | 26 |
| The largest diameter of the rod passing through the hole in the spindle, mm | 25 | 23,5 | 25 |
| The largest diameter of the rod passing through the hole in the collet, mm | 16 | 16 | |
| Spindle center according to GOST 13214-67 | Morse 4 | Morse 4 | Morse 4 |
| Spindle end according to GOST 12593-72 | 4K | 4K | 4K |
| Number of speed steps for direct spindle rotation | b/s regulation | b/s regulation | b/s regulation |
| Spindle direct rotation frequency, rpm | 35..3500, 30..3000 | 35..3500, 30..3000 | 30..3000 |
| Spindle braking | There is | There is | There is |
| Handle lock | |||
| Caliper. Submissions | |||
| Maximum lateral movement of the caliper, mm | 160 | 135 | |
| Transverse movement of the caliper by one division of the dial, mm | 0,02 | 0,02 | 0,02 |
| Number of longitudinal feeds of the caliper | 28 | 28 | 28 |
| Number of cross feeds | 28 | 28 | 28 |
| Limits of longitudinal caliper feeds, mm/rev | 0,02..0,35 | 0,02..0,35 | 0,02..0,35 |
| Transverse caliper feed limits, mm/rev | 0,01..0,175 | 0,01..0,175 | 0,01..0,175 |
| Steps of cut metric threads, mm | 0,2..28 | 0,2..28 | |
| Steps of cut modular threads, mod | 0,1..14 | 0,1..14 | |
| Steps of cut inch threads, threads per inch | 5..96 | 5..96 | |
| Maximum movement of the upper (incisor) slide, mm | 110 | 80 | 110 |
| Movement of the cutting slide by one division of the limb, mm | 0,02 | 0,02 | 0,02 |
| Maximum angle of rotation of the cutting slide, degrees | ±45° | ±45° | ±45° |
| Tailstock | |||
| Morse taper tailstock | Morse 3 | Morse 3 | Morse 3 |
| Maximum movement of the quill, mm | 85 | 70 | 85 |
| Movement of the quill by one division of the dial, mm | 0,02 | 0,02 | 0,02 |
| Electrical equipment | |||
| Main drive electric motor, kW | 1,5 | 1,1 | 1,5 |
| Coolant pump electric motor, kW | 0,12 | 0,12 | 0,12 |
| Dimensions and weight of the machine | |||
| Machine dimensions (length width height), mm | 1510 x 725 x 1360 | 1310 x 690 x 1360 | 1510 x 725 x 1360 |
| Machine weight, kg | 705 | 660 | 720 |
The 16B05P machine, developed by specialists from the Odessa machine-tool plant as a high-precision unit, was produced in Soviet times at the Odessa and Kirovkan plants.
1 Basic technical and operational characteristics of the machine
Turning equipment 16B05P was supplied mainly to industrial enterprises instrumental, radio engineering and instrument making fields. This unit was also used at precision engineering plants.
It allows you to carry out high level accuracy of any turning operations in the collet, centers, faceplate and chuck, cutting threads (inch, metric, modular), guaranteeing decent quality of all work.
According to the accuracy class, it is assigned to units of category “P”. The passport says that the integration of the described equipment into the in-line automatic lines not structurally provided. The machine consists of a bed, a guitar, a caliper, a variator, a stand, electrical equipment, headstocks (rear and front), a lubrication mechanism, a stand, two cooling systems, an apron, and a feed box.
The machine makes it possible to process products up to 50 cm long, provided that their diameter above the bed does not exceed 25 cm (above the support - 14.5 cm). The cutter of the unit is mounted in a special holder with a height of 2 cm, while the maximum height of the working tool itself installed in the holder does not exceed 1.6 cm.
The machine passport contains diagrams, photos of its individual components and many other characteristics, as well as important parameters that you need to know for the safe and efficient operation of turning equipment. In particular these are:
- number of caliper feeds – 28 in any of the provided directions;
- the greatest movement of the caliper is 16 cm (transverse direction);
- rotary angle of the cutting tool slide – 45°;
- The maximum movement of the cutting slide is 11 cm.
2 Brief description of the variator design
This mechanism of the 16B05P machine includes a box that allows you to switch ranges directly from the variable device. The latter has a drive shaft. It begins to move when the flange motor transmits the required rotation to it through a gear-type coupling half.
In this case, the second part of the coupling, interlocked with the shaft, is connected to a sliding spring-loaded and stationary disk. This entire structure is the drive pulley of the mechanism in question, from which the V-belt transmits rotation to the shaft. The variator device also has a driven pulley. It contains two disks - a sliding control and a fixed one.
In addition, the unit passport describes other structural elements of the variator:
- wheel (geared), necessary for selecting the speed of the shaft (output): it moves along the shaft along the splines;
- another wheel with a toothed inner and outer ring;
- output shaft: there is a pulley on it, which, through a V-belt drive, connects the front headstock of the machine to the variator;
- a coupling nut that rotates the body of the device in order to fix it on the glass with screws.
The glass itself is necessary to tension the selected gear.
The entire described system is controlled and regulated by a special mechanism located on the variator body. It includes a planetary gear, a handwheel, a ring equipped with a dial, a handle and a sliding disk. On the indicated dial there are scales by which the operation of the spindle is controlled through enumeration and the functioning of the device when it is started directly.
Above the dial there is a shield (made transparent) with four indicator lines. It is with their help that scale readings can be read. The transparent shield rotates simultaneously with the handle designed to select the speed of the variator device.
3 Feed box and spindle head of turning equipment
The 16B05P machine has a guitar and a feed box (KP). These two nodes allow the operator to select the gear ratios he needs. The installation passport speaks of the following gearbox mechanisms:
- switching;
- row offsets;
- main row;
- turning on the lead screw directly;
- transmission to the lead screw or shaft (using a half-coupling) of rotation;
- multiplying
The switching mechanism is located under the gearbox cover directly on the unit plate. It is controlled using handles on the lid. The design of the main series allows you to choose one of four gear ratios, which are directly proportional to the same number of steps of modular or metric threads. By multiplying the ratios of the displacement mechanisms, the main row and the multiplying device, it is possible to cut modular and metric threads on the machine with a fixed tuning of the guitar.
Now let’s look at the characteristics and features of the headstock of the turning equipment described (it is also often called the spindle headstock). Its body contains a special control device, a brute force, a spindle, a feed and thread drive, equipped with a snaffle.
The headstock pulley (receiving in its functionality) is mounted on a separate bushing. This bushing is coaxial with respect to the spindle. On one side of the take-up pulley there are pick-up wheels, on the other there is a coupling that allows the spindle to be engaged directly.
The spindle is located in a cup, which has to be removed in cases where the service technician or repairman installs new drive belts on the machine. The spindle rotates in rolling bearings (precision type); the presence of radial, angular contact and double-row roller bearings is also provided. All of them provide high performance characteristics of the unit.
The spindle head is lubricated by a lubrication mechanism and is controlled by levers located on its front wall. On the body of the spindle assembly there are also buttons for starting the main engine of the machine (they are placed in a cast casing). The direction of the thread or feed can be changed using a snaffle.
The domestic lathe 16K20 belongs to the category of screw-cutting turning devices. Its production was launched at the Krasny Proletary plant in 1973. Some of the parts were supplied by the Gomel Machine Unit Plant. A modern analogue of the machine in question is the GS526U unit. The main scope of application of the device is industrial production, in private households it is irrelevant due to its high cost and rather impressive dimensions.
Characteristics of the lathe 16K20
The equipment in question is used for cutting threads (metric, modular, pitch, inch configurations) and carrying out some other turning operations. This unit was widely used in industry in post-Soviet countries. The model was discontinued in 1989, but modern market you can find an identical Chinese copy with the same nameplate.
Main parameters of the 16K20 lathe:
- Accuracy class - N.
- The maximum diameter of the workpiece being processed is 50 mm.
- A similar turning index is 220 mm.
- The maximum length of the serviced product is 2 meters.
- Transverse/longitudinal feed limits - 1.4/2.8 mm/rev.
- The power indicator of the main electric motor is 11 kW.
- Length/width/height of the machine - 2.5 (3.79)/1.19/1.5 m. Length depends on modification.
- The weight of fully equipped equipment is 3.6 tons.
Management and equipment
The 16K20 lathe is an expensive piece of equipment and requires appropriate care. First, let's get acquainted with its management. Handwheels and switches are controlled in manual mode. The unit is additionally equipped with a centering tool holder, with which mechanical and manual feed holes are machined. In this case, the tailstock is not engaged.
By moving the variable slide of the support, the axes of the cutting tool and the spindle interact. Before starting processing, it is necessary to push the viewfinder into the bracket until it stops. The cross slide handle is used to adjust the position of the cutter axis.
Metal lathes 16K20 are equipped with a micrometric hard stop, which is responsible for longitudinal movement. A device with an upper slide and mechanical movement is available upon request. In addition, a device is provided for multi-pass threading and finishing of multi-faceted parts. This unit includes a hydrocopying support, a conical ruler and a tool holder.
The monolithic base of the equipment has a box-shaped configuration with hardened grinding guides. The box additionally serves to collect chips and is also a container responsible for cooling the working fluid.
Malfunctions
In some cases, it may be necessary to repair or replace individual parts of the 16K20 lathe. Most often, repair work is carried out in terms of grinding the frame, replacing bearings or gearboxes. In a similar gear control unit, gears and bearings are most often replaced.
Repairing the apron involves replacing the nut, bearings, and grinding the guide rails. When troubleshooting a caliper, change the screws, nuts, and wedges, followed by grinding the guide elements. If it is necessary to restore the functionality of the tailstock, the quills are usually replaced, the working holes are bored, and the guide parts are scraped. Carrying out a major overhaul also involves replacing the electrical components, checking the accuracy and geometry of the unit, and installing a cooling system.
Repair of lathes 16K20
The preparatory process includes checking the equipment at idle speed. This allows you to identify noise and vibration moments during various positions spindle. At this stage, the prototype can be processed to determine the condition of the supports. Such manipulation is mandatory, as it allows you to detect defects that are practically invisible during operation.
Grinding is the cleaning of all protruding edges and gouges on the surface of the machine frame. The frame is installed on the table, fixed at the inner corners. At this stage, it is necessary to accurately verify the parallel location of the assembly in relation to the surface of the workbench. This can be done using a building level. The frame is fastened with pads and screws, ensuring a deflection of 0.05 mm.
Restoration of guide elements
Some factories carry out test hardening of the machine using the roller rolling method. In some cases, hardening is additionally used, which increases the resistance of component elements to wear. The repair method is selected based on the degree of hardness of the guide parts and the available repair base.
The most popular ways to restore guides are the following options:
- Planing.
- Scraping.
- Grinding.
Scraping is one of the most labor-intensive repair processes, even with minimal wear. In most cases, this manipulation is carried out mechanically, which gives a certain economic effect.
Grinding provides high rate cleanliness and precision of finishing. This method optimal when working with hardened surfaces. Grinding makes it possible to increase productivity several times compared to scraping. When machining hardened guide elements, additional finishing will be required.
