Hand painted title on fabric. Types of artistic painting of fabric. Stages of work in this technique

There are several ways to decorate fabric. These are cold, nodular and hot. The most interesting is hot batik. Products made using this technique are very expressive and colorful.

Only with this technique is it possible to achieve color development that is infinitely varied in structure, shades and color combinations.

Hot batik
A trembling feeling covers a person when he touches the white fabric, well stretched over the frame, with a tassel. The fabric pliably accepts the paint in its embrace, and, grateful, it begins to work wonders. But paint has its own character - it is restive and does not know the limits of its run. And then the creative witchcraft begins. With a hand and a brush with paint and at the will of reason and imagination, they create a miracle. And you find yourself in the magical world of artistic textile painting. Once started, it is no longer possible to part with it.

There are several ways to decorate fabric. These are cold, nodular and hot. The most interesting is hot batik. Products made using this technique are very expressive and colorful. Only with this technique is it possible to achieve color development that is infinitely varied in structure, shades and color combinations.

The methods of painting fabric with hot batik mobilize creative imagination, thinking and will like no other, and provide great opportunities for self-expression. Hot batik is the most complex technique of all types of painting, but also the most interesting. Having mastered it, you discover that wax is a fertile material for all kinds of experiments, searches for unusual artistic techniques, and improvisation. Even the unusual smell of hot wax awakens creative imagination.

Cold batik
Cold batik is based on the use of reserve compounds that limit the spread of paint on the canvas. The artistic feature of this painting method is that the obligatory colored outline gives the drawings a clear graphic character. However, the number of colors is not limited.

The reserve composition is applied to the fabric in the form of a closed contour. Good penetration of the reserve into the fabric is the most important condition in contour painting. If gaps and breaks remain when drawing the outline, the paint will go beyond the boundaries of the drawing. The thickness of the aiming contour and the consistency of the reserve composition depend on the density of the fabric, its texture, as well as the absorbency of the fabric. Dense materials, due to their structure, require a wider contour and a liquid reserve composition for better impregnation. Often, in tissues of this type, reserve is created on both sides. When working on dense fabric, a thick outline is drawn, and on transparent, light fabrics - a thinner one. After the outline of the drawing is drawn, it is allowed to dry.

IMPORTANT! Before applying paint, it is necessary to check the quality of the reserve on the reverse side of the sample by dripping water inside each form. If water breaks through the reserve in any place, this area of the sample should be dried and the reserve should be placed a second time, but on the wrong side. After this, check the line quality again.

At the beginning of the line and in areas where the hand moves more slowly, drops are usually obtained. To avoid this, you should move the tube or tube tip along the fabric as evenly as possible, and at the beginning of work, either quickly lower the end of the tube to the surface, or begin applying the reserve composition directly from a sheet of paper previously placed on the working surface of the fabric.

You should start filling in color with the lightest tones, so that it is easier to cover up unwanted defects with a darker tone. At the same time, we should not forget that areas of the drawing must be evenly saturated with paint so that streaks and halos do not form.

Free painting
The method of free painting, which is done without the use of a reserve composition, differs significantly from contour and knot painting, both in the method of work and in the appearance of the finished product. This technique is close to watercolor painting. Here, soft, picturesque transitions of tone are possible without sharp outlines of shape. painting reveals the originality of the author's handwriting and gives the products the individuality characteristic of manual labor.

Stretch the fabric over the frame. Choose a range of colors to suit your intended look. Treat the fabric with paints in an arbitrary pictorial manner, using not a specific pictorial motif, but some associative image: autumn, winter, spring landscape, early morning, twilight, fog, etc. In accordance with the plan, it is necessary to select a range of colors. The design is applied to the fabric with loose strokes and only the final finishing is sometimes done using a cold reserve composition.

Freehand watercolor painting
Free watercolor painting is based on the use of a saline solution or special watercolor primers. The fabric stretched over the frame is impregnated with an aqueous solution table salt or watercolor primer, and after drying, paint. Since the saline solution limits the spread of paint on the fabric, you can work with loose strokes. Painting is carried out according to the principle of watercolor painting: from light to dark, from the top edge to the bottom.

Free painting using salt crystals
Another method of free-text fabric painting is based on the use of salt or urea crystals. The fabric is stretched over a frame and processed with liquid dyes. Then, in accordance with the design of the design, salt crystals are poured onto the still wet fabric, which actively attract the dye to themselves, thereby darkening those areas of the fabric to which they are applied. The resulting effect largely depends on the size of the crystals. After drying on the fabric, the salt is removed. The effect achieved with dry urea is similar to salt. However, if salt, attracting the dye to itself, concentrates it on the fabric, then urea, on the contrary, bleaches the dyed fabric. This method is very simple and accessible, and most importantly, it gives wide scope for experimentation. A softer effect can be obtained by using not dry urea, but its concentrated solution (1 teaspoon of urea per 50 ml of water), in which a brush is dipped and a pattern is applied to the fabric in the manner of dotted or line art.

Glaze
This well-known technique of oil and watercolor painting can be successfully used when painting fabric. The technique is based on the fact that paints are mixed not on a palette, but on fabric, layer by layer overlaying one on top of the other, which leads to a change in color. Transparent aniline dyes are well suited for working in this technique.

You can use the glazing technique in any work, but as a training exercise it’s a good idea to depict a stylized still life of glasses, decanters and other containers of interesting shapes. Imagine that there are several glass vessels of different colors in front of you. Moreover, they stand in such a way that their edges seem to overlap one another. At the same time, it is easy to see that when applied, pink and blue colors will give a lilac tint, blue and yellow - green, etc.

First prepare your design and transfer it to the fabric. Trace the outlines with reserve. Paint an object with the chosen color. Paint the adjacent object in two steps: first its main part, then the place where it intersects with another object. Continue working until the entire still life is painted.

If the color of an item seems too light, apply a second coat of paint. Particularly interesting effects are obtained in places where two or three objects overlap.

Lastly, the background is painted. The colors for such painting must be light and transparent. Mixing more than three colors is not recommended. It is also not advisable to mix contrasting colors, such as red and green, blue and orange, yellow and purple. Often this combination gives a dirty gray or brown tint.

Technique knotted batik("bandhan")
Batik using the bandhan technique is perhaps the most ancient type of fabric painting. One of its types, the “plangi” technique, was common in India. The unpainted canvas was covered according to the pattern with very small knots, tightly tied with thread. Then the fabric was dyed and the threads were removed, resulting in a pattern of white “polka dots.” If necessary, the fabric could be dyed in this manner several times, removing old knots and adding new ones. The dressing threads were removed from the dried fabric, but the finished product was not ironed, due to which the “crunchiness” effect remained for a long time.

Hidden reserve method
In fabric painting, in addition to the basic methods described above, there are many additional techniques and nuances that allow you to embody artistic ideas as accurately as possible, paying more attention to the creative side of the process rather than the features of technology. Some of these techniques can be invented on your own over time, but if you have the entire arsenal from the beginning, it is much easier to achieve the desired result. Combining techniques in different variations further expands the range of possibilities.

Painting fabric with an airbrush
An airbrush (an improved spray gun) has great potential for creating an interesting effect in painting. When using this device, small silhouette images are obtained on the surface of the fabric, as if melting in fog. One of the main working techniques is spraying paint at an angle. This allows you to create smooth light-and-shadow transitions. By directing a stream of paint onto the stencil at different angles, you model the shape of the motif.

Examples
Examples can be viewed in our gallery. And if you especially like something, then our craftsmen will be able to make any T-shirt, raglan or dress especially for you and with exactly the pattern that you choose!

Painting on fabric acrylic paints allows you to create unique and exclusive items from ordinary everyday wardrobe items. The creative process of drawing on fabric is so interesting and exciting that it can turn from an ordinary hobby into a real business idea for creating additional income. Painting with acrylic paints is easy and fun. Our article and the presented master classes will help you understand in detail all the intricacies of painting with acrylic paints.

Beginners often think: “What happens if I paint something wrong, can it be fixed if I use acrylic paints and use certain fabrics?” But there's no need to worry. Errors can be corrected.

The best paints for painting on fabric and clothing are acrylic dyes, which are based on polymers. This means that the coloring pigment does not penetrate into the fibers, but, as it were, covers them with a protective film. The structure becomes denser and loses its elasticity.

Products coated with fabric paints become colorful, bright and unique. In addition, the acrylic coating gives the painting a waterproof effect.

Advantages of acrylic paints

Acrylic paints for clothing are the most popular type of dyes among home painters and professional artists. The advantages and disadvantages of acrylic paints for painting on fabrics include:

wide range and availability for sale;
safe and easy to use;
possibility of adding water as a diluent;
water resistance of the coating of the patterns and the ability to withstand washing of products;
acrylic paints for multi-colored painting on fabric are easily mixed, which makes it possible to obtain various new shades.

To secure acrylic painting dry using a slightly heated iron.

The disadvantages of acrylic paints for painting include:

deterioration of the coloring properties of pigments during long-term storage;
mandatory use of additional contours due to the increased fluidity of acrylic pigments.

With paints for painting on fabric, you can not only paint wardrobe items, but also decorate textile shoes, paint a handbag or apply a permanent design on an umbrella. The painted surface is very pleasant to show to others, and hand-dyed fabrics are sometimes better than clothes from fashion houses. You just need to draw on clothes carefully.

Choosing the right fabric for painting

If you give advice on choosing paint for fabric for beginners, then you should immediately note that there are no restrictions on the material for painting with acrylic. You can paint any materials: thick textiles, popular denim, delicate silk, thick cotton or linen. When choosing, you should not forget that the areas painted with acrylic paint will have a dense structure.

Typically, manufacturers of acrylic paints for fabric indicate the recommended type of fabric on the stickers of tubes and jars:

If the label contains the inscription “Silk,” this means the pigment is intended for dyeing soft and thin fabrics, such as silk, cambric, and chiffon.
The designation "Techtile" means that this type acrylic fabric paint is recommended for painting dense materials, genuine leather, velvet, suede. Dyeing the fabric will be easy. It is enough to use the necessary means.

Thick fabrics can be painted well with acrylic using a template or stencil. In this case, the design will have clear boundaries with a pronounced color print. Anyone can learn how to paint clothes with acrylic paints. To do this, it is not necessary to have special artistic training.

In craft stores and art stores you can find ready-made stencils and templates with floral designs, animal figures, geometric prints and many other images.

Preparatory work

Before painting with acrylic paints on fabric, it is recommended to carefully prepare the selected base: immerse it in cold water for an hour and wash it a little. After rinsing in clean water, it is best to dry the fabric and then iron it with a warm iron.

If the material is thin, such as cambric or silk, then it is better to stretch it on a wooden frame and leave it to dry completely. If you decide to decorate a piece of clothing, it is best to isolate one layer from the other using cardboard or thick paper.

On video: how to paint fabric with acrylic paints.

Types of acrylic painting

Hand-painted fabric using reserve compounds is called batik. This definition of painting can be found on Wikipedia. Batik technology involves applying appropriate paint to a selected fabric base. To obtain clear boundaries at the junction of coloring compounds, a special fixative is used, called a reserve compound.

Acrylic dyes can be used in several types of painting:

Hot batik with melted wax or paraffin. With it, after dyeing the fabric and removing the wax coating, a white or multi-colored pattern is obtained on a colored background. This application technique has long been popular, but it requires special skills.

Cold batik using contours of reserve compounds. The contours create clearly defined boundaries and prevent the acrylic dye from bleeding onto the fabric. The drawing is obtained with a bright graphic look. With cold batik, it can be used as a contour ready-made templates or stencils.

Knotted batik dyeing involves forming a pattern outline with small knots. Knots can be tied directly on the fabric, or you can use strong threads or cord for this purpose. After dyeing the fabric, the knots are unraveled and new ones are made. This continues until the end of the pattern. Gradual smooth transitions from light to dark colors create a picturesque and interesting pattern.

Free painting is similar in its process to painting in watercolors. Apply directly to fabric and allow you to freely implement any creative idea, intention. At the final stage, reserve compounds are used to ensure clarity of shades. This type of painting is more suitable for people with artistic skills.

Painting using an airbrush. It allows you to spray the smallest particles of acrylic paint. The airbrush works as an improved spray gun; it is convenient to spray paint at a distance of 20-30 cm from the surface of the fabric.

Even the simplest type of acrylic painting can significantly transform everyday, familiar items of clothing or interior design.

Subtleties of painting technique

When applying acrylic paints, it is important to consider some rules:

Diluted acrylic paint will color the fabric worse, and to prevent the coating from being washed off when washing the product, it is recommended to use branded real thinners.
The dyeing surface of a fabric or item of clothing is separated from the working surface of a table or other object with an impermeable spacer film or wax paper.
To understand how to paint fabric using a stencil or template, you can imagine an ordinary children's coloring book. The only difference is that when applying acrylic layer by layer, you need to wait until the previous layer has completely dried.
First, a light tone is applied to the drawing, and then smoothly transition to darker tones.

If you paint on fabric according to these simple rules, you can get an acrylic coating that will not wash off even after repeated washings. Sometimes it’s enough to watch a master class and everything will become clear.

Methods of applying acrylic paints

There are several ways to draw on fabric or clothing. The method of painting with paints depends on the tool used, on what paints the drawing will be applied with:

Drawing with a brush.
Screen or template printing using special rollers or various foam pads.
Creation of an acrylic relief contour in combination with painting with brushes.

You can easily learn how to draw amazing and unique beauty using acrylic painting. From ancient times to the present day, the beauty of this fascinating creative process is finding more and more fans. If you try to create such a handmade miracle yourself, then it will be impossible to stop, the process of creating masterpieces of painting with your own hands is so addictive and captivating.

Master classes on painting clothes (2 videos)

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fabric acrylic paint batik

Fabric painting is an ancient art that came to Europe from Indonesia. The earliest information about fabric coloring dates back to the 1st century AD. This art was especially developed in China and Japan. When the British occupied Java in 1811, they decided to distribute English cotton calicoes throughout the South Asian region, but encountered an insurmountable obstacle, which was the quality of dyeing of local batiks. It was much higher than the European one; vegetable dyes did not fade when washed, as happened with chintz dyed with aniline. This is how the local tradition strengthened its position, and perhaps it was this factor that influenced the further popularity of this art form in Europe.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, interest in the East and its unique culture has led to a powerful wave of interest in painting on fabric. Exotic motifs, mysterious ornaments, interesting color schemes, ethnic flavor - all this began to attract the attention of professional artists and textile and clothing designers.

Modern techniques for painting fabric are very diverse. For myself, I decided to master one of the most traditional types artistic painting with acrylic paints. Why acrylic? My choice was influenced by a very significant point: the pattern will be applied to a piece of clothing, namely a synthetic T-shirt. Since this is a product for everyday use, it will be washed, and acrylic can withstand the effects of temperature and water.

There are various design motifs. The theme of the painting for my product is the stylization of the image of an animal, namely a cat.

Scientific research part

Hand-made artistic painting of fabrics is a unique type of design of textile products, which has its roots in ancient times. The first mentions of obtaining colored decorative effects on fabrics are found already in Pliny’s “Natural History”. The most well-known methods for painting fabrics using various reserve compositions. The essence of these methods is that areas of fabric that are not subject to dyeing are coated with various resins or beeswax, the latter, being absorbed into the fabric, protect it from the effects of paint. The fabric prepared in this way is dipped into paint, then the reserve composition (reserve) is removed and as a result a white pattern is obtained on a painted background. This method of decorating fabrics was known in Rus', Armenia, and Azerbaijan; in Indonesia it still exists.

In addition to this method of applying a pattern to fabric, printed patterns on fabrics have also been known since time immemorial, obtained using carved boards, and now mesh templates - the so-called heels (from the word “stuff”, when a carved board moistened with paint was applied to the fabric , it was tapped with a wooden hammer to better print the design).

The origin and meaning of the word “batik” is unknown. In Java there is a common word “ambatik”, which translates as “engrave”, “write”, “draw”.

Batik is a method of dyeing fabrics based on the use of a reserve, a special substance that does not allow dye to pass through. According to the classical method, after a design is made on the fabric with a reserve, and the free areas are painted, the reserve is removed, and an intricate pattern remains in its place.

The preparation of fabric for painting was multi-stage: soaking, bleaching, then boiling. The process itself, consisting of the following operations one after another: coating with hot wax - dyeing - drying, repeated for each color, was distinguished by complexity and duration, requiring skill and patience. It took many months, and sometimes years, to create one piece.

In Europe, batik began to be used in the manufacture of decorative fabrics from the first half of the 19th century, and the ubiquitous Dutch became the pioneers in this matter, and the methodical Germans were the first to put production on stream. Modern batik is distinguished by a variety of techniques. Along with the traditional, “hot” method of wax reservation, the “cold” method is widespread, in which gutta, a mixture of rubber and gasoline, is used as a reserve.

The invention of a reserve composition that does not require heating in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century made our country the birthplace of cold batik. Simplicity of execution and a clear “stained glass” outline make this technique interesting for beginners.

Cold batik is based on the fact that with this method of painting fabrics, all forms of the design, as a rule, have a closed contour outline (with a reserve composition), which gives a unique character to the design.

Acrylic paints appeared about 50 years ago and immediately gained wide recognition. The success of these modern paints is due mainly to their ease of application, versatility and speed of drying. IN last years Advances in the development of acrylic emulsions containing increasingly smaller and light-resistant particles made it possible to obtain increasingly high-quality paints. Acrylic paints dissolve in water, but after drying they become completely insoluble. In addition, they are very resistant to chemical and physical influences. All acrylic paints from the Ferrario factory have an aqueous suspension of synthetic resins as a binder base, to which natural or synthetic pure pigments, coalescent substances and stabilizers are added. As a result of processing these raw materials, very elastic and bright paints are obtained that adhere perfectly to any non-greasy surface: canvas, cardboard, paper, wood, plywood, phaesite, plaster, clay, fabric. All acrylic paints can be applied either with a brush or with a spatula, and with appropriate dilution - with an airbrush. In order to ensure constant high standard Quality Factory "Ferrario" _ controls the degree of grinding, viscosity, color constancy for each paint. In addition, for each paint the degree of coverage, light fastness and pigment used are indicated. Given the speed of drying, it is recommended to close the tubes immediately after use and rinse the working tools with warm water. With the help of numerous thinners from the Ferrario factory, the artist can work in a wide variety of techniques.

1. Main characteristics of acrylic paints

Drying of acrylic paints occurs as a result of water evaporation; in this case, the paint forms a chemically stable elastic film consisting of a pigment and a binder. Unlike oil paints, dried acrylic is characterized by greater strength (less brittle); the paint does not crumble, its layer does not form cracks, and the surface does not peel off. Acrylic paint will not wrinkle over time and is not susceptible to normal temperature changes or changes in humidity conditions. The paints have been around for over 50 years, so their lightfastness is quite obvious. Acrylic dries quite quickly. If you prefer to work in thin layers, it will dry as quickly as watercolor. Denser layers dry more slowly - within a few minutes (if the layer is very thick and thick, the drying time increases significantly). Dried acrylic paint cannot be removed with water and is barely scrapable or sandable.

2. Thinning the paint

The pigment particles of acrylic paints are bound together by a liquid, milk-like plastic mass that becomes transparent after drying. Acrylic dissolves in water, which can be used as a thinner and wash to clean brushes and palettes. Unlike other water-based paints, acrylic becomes insoluble once it dries. This is its positive quality, since the finished work is no longer affected by water, except _

In addition, paint can be applied over dried layers. The downside is that acrylic can ruin brushes if they are not thoroughly washed regularly. Water is not the only medium that dilutes acrylic paints. Most manufacturers produce own funds, capable of changing the “behavior” of acrylic paints. The most important of them are gloss and matte thinners. The gloss thinner helps improve the covering qualities of the paint and, when dry, gives it the character of a shiny surface; matte has the same consistency, but dries to a matte finish. A good property of these paints is their drying speed. Acrylic dries as soon as the water contained in the paint evaporates. The usual drying time for acrylic is about 30 minutes, then you can apply another layer of acrylic paint. These remarkable qualities of paint are used by artists when they need to work quickly in order to capture a rapidly changing landscape. You can create an impasto base without interrupting your work, and it won't take as long to dry as with oil paint.

3. Acrylic as a primer

Acrylic paint can serve as a basis for working in other types of equipment. You can combine acrylic and oil paints, making underpainting or texture preparation with quick-drying acrylic, and then painting with oil. This approach allows you to make a general solution to the composition with acrylic, and then work it out in detail with oil. (Remember that you can apply oil to acrylic, not the other way around.) Combining acrylic and oil paints is a good way to work outdoors, allowing you to finish an oil study in a studio setting. This approach is close to the style of the old Flemish masters, who created the basis of their works with egg tempera, then painted on top of this layer with oil glazes. In addition to quick drying and water resistance, acrylic has good adhesion. This quality allows it to be successfully used in outdoor painting; the paints are not affected by weather conditions and adhere well to most surfaces. Acrylic paints are great for collage as they can be used as glue for paper or fabric. Textured acrylic pastes (gels) and modeling agents have strong adhesive properties and can be used to create relief surfaces.

4. Acrylic texture

You can achieve almost any surface texture of a painting with these paints. Watercolor acrylic reproduces all the characteristic qualities of watercolor paints, while thick acrylic paints are often indistinguishable from oil paints. Among artists one often hears the following comments regarding external properties in acrylic painting, the colors are supposedly too flashy, rough or, conversely, too dull and inexpressive. This is a very shallow view based on the primitive experience of using acrylic.

5. Acrylic paints in Airbrushing

All acrylic paints are usually applied with a brush made of kolinsky hair, synthetics, bristles, or with a palette knife (a thin elastic steel (less often horn) plate in the form of a spatula or knife), and when the paint is diluted with water by 50%, they are suitable for airbrush work. Acrylic paints can also be used in watercolor painting techniques.

Artistic acrylic paints can be used mainly on canvas, as well as cardboard, wood, and metal coated with special primers (easel oil painting). You can also work on dry surfaces plastered with lime mortars (tempera painting).

Drying time for work in a thin and medium layer on paper is 1 hour, and when adding a drying retarder it takes up to 3 hours. Given the speed of drying, it is recommended to close the tubes immediately after use and rinse the working tools with warm water.

The properties of paints can be adjusted using auxiliary materials made from the same acrylate aqueous dispersions as paints. These materials include: various types of binders, thickeners, thinners, drying retardant gel, texture pastes, topcoat varnishes.

6. Types of acrylic paints on sale

Acrylic can be purchased in tubes or jars. Paints in tubes generally resemble the consistency of oil and are used more widely than paints in cans.

Liquid paint in cans is often used when working with large surfaces.

Tube sizes vary depending on the manufacturer.

The most popular is a 60 ml tube. Some paints are also sold in 140 and 205 ml tubes. Not all manufacturers offer paints in large tubes. Although they are economical, use small tubes when plein air, as their weight and volume can be a heavy burden on your shoulders. The most commonly purchased paint in a large tube is titanium white, which is constantly needed for mixing.

Acrylic paint cans come in a range of sizes; There are containers equal to 55, 250 g, 0.5 liters and containers equal to 1 and 4.5 liters. If you are working with paint that is even more liquid than in cans, prepare dishes for mixing so that in the future you can dilute the paint with water or special auxiliaries.

After work, you should tightly close the tube with a bouchon and the jar with a lid. In addition, carefully clean the neck of the tube or can of paint residue so that next time you open it without special effort. Remember, acrylic is a reliable adhesive.

7. Main types of painting on fabric with acrylic paints

Hot batik

A trembling feeling covers a person when he touches the white fabric, well stretched over the frame, with a tassel. The fabric pliably accepts the paint in its embrace, and, grateful, it begins to work wonders. But paint has its own character - it is restive and does not know the limits of its run. And then the creative witchcraft begins. With a hand and a brush with paint and at the will of reason and imagination, they create a miracle. And you find yourself in the magical world of artistic textile painting. Once started, it is no longer possible to part with it.

The methods of painting fabric with hot batik mobilize creative imagination, thinking and will like no other, and provide great opportunities for self-expression.

Hot batik is the most complex technique of all types of painting, but also the most interesting. Having mastered it, you discover that wax is a fertile material for all kinds of experiments, searches for unusual artistic techniques, and improvisation. Even the unusual smell of hot wax awakens creative imagination.

Cold batik

Cold batik is based on the use of reserve compounds that limit the spread of paint on the canvas. The artistic feature of this painting method is that the obligatory colored outline gives the drawings a clear graphic character. However, the number of colors is not limited.

Before applying paint, it is necessary to check the quality of the reserve on the reverse side of the sample by dripping water inside each form. If water breaks through the reserve in any place, this area of the sample should be dried and the reserve should be placed a second time, but on the wrong side. After this, check the line quality again.

Knotted batik technique (“bandan”)

Batik using the bandhan technique is perhaps the most ancient type of fabric painting. One of its types, the “plangi” technique, was common in India. The unpainted canvas was covered according to the pattern with very small knots, tied tightly with thread. Then the fabric was dyed and the threads were removed, resulting in a pattern of white “polka dots.” If necessary, the fabric could be dyed in this manner several times, removing old knots and adding new ones. The dressing threads were removed from the dried fabric, but the finished product was not ironed, due to which the “crunchiness” effect remained for a long time.

Nowadays, knot painting refers to simpler options. For example, a pattern in the form of a circle (“sun”) or several circles. This pattern is done like this. A heat-resistant button, pebble or pea is placed under the fabric, tightly tying the fabric from below with threads. Then they bandage it in one or two more places and paint it again. The fabric is dyed sequentially and in several colors. The simplest option is in two colors. To do this, areas with tied objects are immersed in a dye solution, the rest of the fabric is placed on sticks placed on top of the container with paint.

When dyeing dry fabric, you get a sharper border between the dye and the undyed fabric, but if the fabric is damp (wet and well wrung out), you get smoother borders of the transition. After sections of the fabric have been dyed, they must be rinsed and, in turn, the remaining undyed part of the fabric (product) must be placed in a dye of a different color, placing the already dyed part on sticks.

Another way. Tightly twist the product or individual sections with a tourniquet, securing its position with threads so that the tourniquet cannot unfold. The binding threads must be pulled very tightly. Depending on the location and number of dressings, different patterns are obtained. In the same way, you can dye the fabric (product) in several colors. In this case, tying knots. And the strands dye the fabric in the lightest of the intended colors. For example, it was decided to paint the products. Available in the following colors: white (original), yellow, orange, red and dark brown. To do this, you need only three dyes - yellow, red and dark brown. Having first dyed the fabric (product) with knots and strands (the location and quantity of which depends on the design) yellow, we get a white pattern on a yellow background. Having rinsed and wrung out the unwrapped product, we untie those knots and strands, the fabric under which should turn red, and tie new ones, which in the end will remain yellow. Now dip the fabric in red dye. The areas of fabric under the binding threads and inside the strands will remain white and yellow, the background will turn orange, and the places where the threads were removed after the first dyeing will turn red. After rinsing the fabric again, we repeat the whole process, creating an orange pattern. And finally, we paint it in the darkest dye. The result is a complex multi-color pattern, in which not only the colors of the dyes shimmer, but also all sorts of options for their mixing and interpenetration.

After rinsing the product in running water (first with knots, then without them), the slightly damp fabric is dried with an iron. Your product is ready.

This is one of the advantages of knot painting - the dyes are fixed during the dyeing process and do not require additional processing.

One type of knot painting is the so-called folding batik. Here the effect is also achieved by tying and dyeing, but the result is more predictable, since the fabric is folded in a certain way, rather than twisted into a rope.

Using the embroidered batik technique, you can create even more subtle patterns. The end result here is always known.

Choose a design and draw it on the fabric. Walk along its lines using a needle-forward stitch. Stitch length is 0.5-1 cm. Use only strong thread. Lay it along the pattern, gather the fabric as tightly as possible and secure the thread with a needle or tie the fabric. After dyeing and removing the thread, the fabric will have a pattern of small rectangles or rays perpendicular to the line along which the needle moved.

The folds formed on the fabric are very small, the dye easily penetrates into them. Therefore, these products must be painted quickly in a hot solution. You can fix them by drying them with an iron through paper.

Free painting

The method of free painting, which is done without the use of a reserve composition, differs significantly from contour and knot painting, both in the method of work and in the appearance of the finished product. This technique is close to watercolor painting. Here, soft, picturesque transitions of tone are possible without sharp outlines of shape. painting reveals the originality of the author's handwriting and gives the products the individuality characteristic of manual labor.

8. Hidden reserve method

In fabric painting, in addition to the basic methods described above, there are many additional techniques and nuances that allow you to embody artistic ideas as accurately as possible, paying more attention to the creative side of the process rather than the features of technology. Some of these techniques can be invented on your own over time, but if you have the entire arsenal from the beginning, it is much easier to achieve the desired result. Combining techniques in different variations further expands the range of possibilities.

A characteristic feature of cold batik is the obligatory presence of a contour. This is the basis of all technology. However, a colorless reserve applied to the surface of the fabric not only creates boundaries that are insurmountable for the dye, but also leaves an outline of the color of the fabric. And since the fabric is usually white, the design is outlined with a white outline. This is not always desirable.

Imagine that the openwork of the branches should stand out against the background of the tree’s crown. If you do the work in the usual way, each branch will be outlined with a white line on both sides. How to avoid this? In this case, it is enough to first paint over a section of the crown, dry it, and only then apply the outline of the branches with a reserve. The colorless reserve will merge with the background color, and the darker dye of the branches will hide the color of the crown underneath, acquiring an additional small shade of its color.

As an example, let's look at the sequence of two jobs.

On the first one we will depict a vase full of large bright flowers. Even those who think that they cannot draw at all can do this work.

The fabric is stretched over the frame and several spots are applied in the upper half with a light, bright dye. When choosing dyes, imagine what flowers you will paint - asters, chrysanthemums, dahlias. There should be as many spots as there are flowers. After drawing the spots, dry them with a hairdryer.

Within each color spot, use a colorless reserve to draw the middle of the flower, similar to a star. The shape of the petal rays depends on the type of flower. In aster and chrysanthemum they are sharper, in dahlia they are rounded. Dry the reserve with a hairdryer.

Now mix a dye slightly darker than the center of the flowers. For example, if the middle is light yellow, you can take bright yellow paint or add a little orange; match the pink middle with a darker pink color. Having decided on the paint, apply it with a brush around the petals drawn in reserve. Try to ensure that the paint completely penetrates into the narrow spaces between the petals. You will end up with light stars on a darker background. Blow dry the fabric again.

Use a reserve to draw the second row of petals, trying to place them between the petals of the first row. Dry and re-trace with a darker dye. Repeat this until the flowers reach the desired size.

9. Painting fabric with an airbrush

An airbrush (an improved spray gun) has great potential for creating an interesting effect in painting. When using this device, small silhouette images are obtained on the surface of the fabric, as if melting in fog. One of the main working techniques is spraying paint at an angle. This allows you to create smooth light-and-shadow transitions. By directing a stream of paint onto the stencil at different angles, you model the shape of the motif.

Availability, simplicity, and effectiveness of the final result have earned this technique great popularity. Postcards are often found with delicate, shimmering motifs made using an airbrush, complemented by separately drawn motifs.

Before working with an airbrush on fabric, you need to do several experiments on paper. You can experiment with plants. Some of them, while fading, do not lose their shape, but acquire softness, which allows them to be given the desired direction or bend. When working with an airbrush, it was necessary to take into account that a strong stream of air coming out along with the paint could move the decomposed plants. Therefore, they must be held with a hand wearing a rubber glove. It is more convenient to direct the stream of paint at an angle along the stem of the plant. To obtain a clear, sharp edge of the sheet, the stream of paint should be directed from the middle to the edges and slightly upward. The airbrush is held at a distance of about 30 cm, then the paint applies evenly without forming stains.

Plants can be sequentially applied in two or more layers. Then the composition will be complex and voluminous. First, large leaves and “background” plants are placed on the leaf. They are treated with an airbrush. Then the next plants are placed and painted again. The composition can be built like this. Plants of the main motif are placed on a sheet of paper if they are intended to remain white. Attach them with a tailor's pin. Spray with dye. The following elements are applied, attached and painted. You can repeat this operation several times. When solving in black and white, all transitions will be presented at work _

white to black. When using several dyes, it is necessary to ensure that they are compatible and complement each other.

Another option for creating an interesting texture, the leaves of which can also serve as paper for gifts or book covers, is very simple. A sheet of paper is crumpled into a ball. Then straighten, but do not smooth. The dye jet from the airbrush is directed almost parallel to the plane of the sheet. The planes facing the dye will be painted with different intensities, and the reverse sides will remain almost white. Then the paper is carefully smoothed. If the work is done with water dyes, it is simply ironed and dried with an iron. If automotive enamels were used, the paper is moistened with a sponge and ironed.

A seemingly three-dimensional pattern appears on the surface of the sheet, reminiscent of the view of mountain ranges from an airplane.

This type of painting is perhaps the easiest to perform. You just need to choose a color scheme. Place the damp cloth on cellophane film and assemble it into random folds. Folds can be random or ordered, large or small. This determines what kind of pattern you will end up with on the fabric. Then I sprayed green paint. Without changing the position of the folds, I applied the dye again - yellow, but on the opposite side. You can move the pleats to create richer color tones. When choosing colors for painting, you should not get carried away by their quantity. By overlapping each other, dyes give new colors, so it is important to choose them so that when applied one on top of the other, unsightly colored spots do not form. It is better to use related colors on the color wheel. Having applied the last, darkest color, you must leave the fabric, without straightening it, until it dries. You can't get carried away dark color, let it only highlight the beauty of other colors.

When painting a finished product in order to update it, add color, or simply add an addition to a smoothly colored fabric, you need to place it between the layers of the product. plastic film and paint first one side until dry, then the other.

This technique is used to paint interior fabrics - curtains, bedspreads, etc. If you use dyes that are fixed with an iron, the fabric does not need to be steamed.

Using this technique, you can paint fabric for clothing and interior decoration using live and specially dried plants. The plant must be dried in the form in which it will be used, i.e. All excess leaves and petioles were removed, which during painting would distort the silhouette of the plant. Unlike painting with living plants (more airy and voluminous), painting with dried plants is silhouetted and planar.

Working with dried plants is in some ways easier than with living ones, especially with herbs, which are voluminous and difficult to lay on the plane of the fabric, making it difficult to convey their elegant design. Therefore, in the summer you should dry a bouquet of herbs under pressure and, choosing suitable ones from it, insert them into compositions with living plants.

Plants in painting postcards and panels are best placed “roots down.” Depending on the size of the postcards or panels, the size of the plant is also selected. The grain of the fabric surface gives the product additional texture. Postcards are designed in the usual way, supplemented with inscriptions if desired.

When applying paint with an airbrush, a spot may appear; you can try to add a leaf, a blade of grass, etc. from this spot, whatever suits the given composition more. Or, if this is not possible, cover it with a darker dye using an additional element of the composition. If the fabric is rapport, try to introduce the corrected element into all the painting motifs or alternating them through one. You can add new elements to an easel item or postcard.

10. Modern approach for fabric painting

Since ancient times, fabric has been used by humans for a variety of purposes. One of the functions of fabric is to add beauty and comfort to human existence. In order to diversify the natural, not the most attractive colors of fabric, people have always sought the opportunity to dye it.

Modern fabric paints fall into two broad categories: industrial paints and hobby or hobby paints. The latter incorporate acrylic paints, which are widely used by amateurs and professionals. This type of paint contains synthetic resin. Acrylic paints dry extremely quickly. Plus, they don't fade over time and come in a great range of colors. Even water is quite suitable for dissolving acrylic paints. However, once cured, the paint has excellent resistance to water. This paint often comes with special solvents that improve the quality of the paint. Acrylic is great for creating relief images.

Hobbyist fabric dyes must meet the stringent requirements of numerous standards. The thing is that people work directly with this type of paint. There are serious requirements for environmental friendliness, lack of allergenicity, and the availability of proper certificates. Paints that meet all these standards simply cannot be cheap. Additional improving compounds are often sold complete with paints. Some of these compositions dim the brightness of the color, others, on the contrary, promote brightness, and some thicken the consistency. An important component in painting with fabric paints are special compounds that limit the spreading of paint. With their help, areas of fabric not intended for dyeing are protected from paint.

For normal work, a fabric dyer needs to stock up on the required set of tools, which include: a frame, a set of brushes, hooks and pins for securing the fabric, a spray bottle, pipettes, palettes, stencils, etc.

11. Materials and tools

Decola paint set for fabric

Fabric, pre-washed, ironed

Wooden frame or hoop

Palette for mixing paints

Buttons or tension hooks

Reserve for fabric paints

Fabric paint thinner

Soft brushes

Containers for water and paints

Sticks with a foam tip (“sponge”)

Cotton buds

Workplace

Perfect workplace should be well lit and provided with water, have enough space to be able to move around the stretcher and draw from any side. It is important that the entire palette of colors available is before your eyes. This way you can choose the colors you need.

Technology of using acrylic paints

The offered acrylic paints for fabric are diluted with water. It is recommended not to add a lot of water so that the paints do not spread on the fabric and reduce the coloring ability. Wash brushes and accessories with water until the paint dries.

Fabric paints are designed to decorate natural fabrics such as linen and cotton. The structure of natural fabrics allows fabric paints to penetrate deep into the fibers and firmly attach to them. If you use fabric paints for synthetic materials, keep in mind that they are more sensitive to washing, since synthetic fabrics do not provide strong adhesion to the paint.

To obtain intermediate colors, fabric paints can be mixed with each other in any ratio. When using new fabrics, the fabric must be washed before applying paint. The wrinkled fabric should be ironed thoroughly to remove all wrinkles.

The fabric can be stretched over a frame or simply laid out on the desktop, placing a sheet of paper or cardboard under it to protect the table. Penetration of paint through the fabric to the back side of the fabric is positive factor, contributing to the best fixation of the pattern. If you are decorating a T-shirt or pillowcase, you need to isolate the front from the back using paper or cardboard. To simplify the work, the fabric can be secured to the table using adhesive tape.

To create a durable pattern on fabric, you should avoid applying paint on the fabric in dense layers on top of each other.

There are several simple ways applying fabric paint to the material. When working with a brush, you first need to use a colored pencil or carbon paper for tailors (it does not leave stains on the fabric) to apply any design to the fabric, taking it, for example, from an embroidery magazine.

To perform color tests, keep a piece of canvas or similar fabric on hand. When working with shades, it is important to remember that it is more convenient to start with light tones, gradually moving to dark ones. Light colors are obtained by mixing white fabric paints with colored ones to the required shade.

The contours of the design are applied with light paint using a soft thin brush. Coloring inside the outline and transitioning the tone from light to dark is carried out using a larger brush. The drawing will be most successful if you make a large number of transitions from light to dark. Try to work as quickly as possible, then the paints that have not yet penetrated deep into the material will mix on the fabric, leaving no noticeable boundaries between the tones.

Another way to apply a design to fabric is screen printing. It is necessary to fix the selected stencil on the fabric, making sure that it is tightly applied. Depending on the size of the jewelry, choose a tampon brush or use a foam swab. Lightly dip the swab into the paint and carefully process the slots of the stencil so that the paint penetrates deep into the fibers through the fabric. You can use both pure and mixed colors in the same or different slots. At the end of the work, carefully lift the stencil, let the design dry for 12 hours, and then fix the work with an iron.

After completing the work, you need to wait 12-15 hours, then fix the design by ironing it with a hot iron from the wrong side for 2-3 minutes. Remember that fabric paints contain a heat-setting resin that only becomes permanent after heat treatment. The temperature of the iron should correspond to the type of fabric, iron slowly and continuously, do not hold the iron in one place. Protect the board with a cloth while ironing. When finished, turn the fabric over and quickly iron the design, covering it with the material.

Decorated fabric - the result self made, therefore, designs created using paint on fabric need to be treated with care during washing. When using machine wash, it is better to choose programs for thin fabrics with a temperature no higher than 40 °C. Do not use long spins, this will lead to premature wear of the pattern. If the product has small size, it is better to wash it by hand. Do not use bleach to prevent fabric dyes from losing color.

We will need a T-shirt, brushes, acrylic paints, a simple pencil, a drawing, a glass of water, a hoop, a bag or file, two towels, an iron, a hairdryer.

We transfer the drawing with a simple pencil onto a T-shirt. Or I just put the drawing inside the T-shirt and outline it; if it’s light, it shows through well. And insert the design into the hoop.

Place a file or package under the drawing

Now let’s color our sketch. We dilute the paints with a small amount of water. If you want to get a blurry drawing, then apply paints on top of each other without letting them dry; if you need clear lines, then the layers need to be dried a little, otherwise everything will spread. When we have finished painting, we need to dry our creativity until the paint is completely dry.

When the drawing is dry, take out the bag and put a towel folded in several layers inside and place a towel on top of the drawing. Now set the iron to 2 and turn off the steam. Iron for about 3-5 minutes

Now the T-shirt can be washed to remove the remaining lines from a simple pencil. You can wash it by hand at a temperature of 30-40 degrees, they say it can be washed in a machine, but it is not advisable.

12. Sample making

To make my ball sample, I chose acrylic paint for fabric of the "Decola" series from the manufacturer: Artistic Paints Factory "Nevskaya Palitra" (Russia, St. Petersburg). Paints based on water-based acrylic dispersion. The paints are intended for painting natural cotton and silk fabrics, as well as fabrics made from synthetic fibers and threads; this group includes fabric for making this sample. The set can be used for free painting of fabrics, design of fabrics using the “cold batik” method.

The set includes 12 colors in 20 ml jars: white, medium yellow, orange, red, medium green, turquoise, sky blue, dark blue, light purple, black, silver, gold.

When painting synthetic fabrics, it is recommended to ensure that the design is firmly attached to the fabric sample in accordance with the instructions for use. Pre-wash the fabric, iron it, stretch it over a frame or lay it out on the work table. Paints are applied directly to the fabric with a brush, stamp or stencil. They have good spreadability. Do not fade, lightfast. Dries quickly.

Dry the painting for 24 hours. Iron without steam for 5 minutes. through cotton fabric at a temperature corresponding to the cotton fabric. After _ 48 hours after ironing, the product can be washed with mild detergents at a temperature of 30 to 40 degrees without strong mechanical impact.

The subject of artistic painting using acrylic paints was a black T-shirt made of synthetic fabric. The choice was influenced by the idea, the essence of which is as follows: the drawing is a stylized image of an animal, namely a cat. The choice of the black color of the T-shirt is also not accidental; this is a night cat.

The preparation of the design for the T-shirt was edited more than once; the original version was not chosen very well, since according to the idea it was a night cat. As a result of changes in this drawing, we made adjustments to the cat’s face, namely, we changed the grin, or rather, we added an angry grin, making the cat a night hunter, as well as the eyes. The cat's changes are shown in the figure, but we didn't stop there. Where have you seen a night cat with its tail pressed to its body? And this is what we got as a result of our numerous adjustments. The color of the cat was red and white, the eyes were green, and the paws were white and there was blood on the cat’s claws. The bow no longer hangs around his neck like it would during the day, but is under his paws.

Posted on Allbest.ru

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A little history

Scientists have not come to a consensus about the time of the emergence of the art of batik. Most believe that this method of decorating fabric appeared in the 13th-14th centuries. But its roots undoubtedly go back to ancient times. The birthplace of batik is considered to be the Indonesian island of Java, where this art was most developed.

I had a chance to visit a workshop that was engaged in artistic painting of fabrics. Indonesians are real craftswomen who decorate clothing and interior items with unique and fabulously beautiful designs.

Types of hand-painted fabrics using the batik method
Batik is a method of painting fabric in which areas of the fabric that should not be painted are covered with a special mixture - a reserve. Paraffin, beeswax or various resins can be used as a reserve.

Batik comes in several types:

Cold batik. This method involves applying a reserve in the form of a closed contour, within which painting is carried out with paints.
Hot batik. The molten reserve can be applied to the outline of the design and/or cover individual areas of the canvas.
Free fabric painting. The initial design is applied with paint, the reserve is used only in the final processing.
Knotted batik has significant differences from previous methods. It can hardly be called painting; it is fabric dyeing. The canvas is folded different ways, tied in several places or stitched with threads, and then painted with paint.

Batik does not have any strict framework or traditions. Each master can use different painting options, introducing something new, constantly improving his technique.

You can decorate with artistic painting any clothes (dresses, shawls, scarves, shirts, etc.), interior items (curtains, bedspreads, tablecloths) and create individual panels.

First, let's try to learn the art of artistic painting of fabrics with cold batik.

Fabric preparation

Various types of fabric can be used for artistic painting. The most convenient to use are smooth fabrics with a plain weave. Most often they use cotton, viscose or natural silk.

In the manufacture of these fabrics, various additives are used, which it is advisable to remove. To do this, soak the fabric in water for 1-3 hours, then boil it in water with the addition of any washing powder or soap for 30 minutes. Next, rinse the fabric and dry it.

Fabric frame

The ready-to-use fabric is stretched onto a wooden frame. If painting is done on a small canvas, you can use a regular hoop. For larger canvases, you can purchase a sliding stretcher in the store or make the frame yourself.

How to make a frame

We fasten four wooden blocks of the required length together with self-tapping screws at the corners, so that in the end we get a square or rectangular frame. The thickness of the block can be any, but it is better to take a not very thin block (while working, the frame with the stretched fabric should be placed on a flat surface so that the fabric does not come into contact with the surface).

We attach the fabric to the frame using pushpins. You can attach a slightly damp canvas. First we pin the corners, then we fix the buttons in the center of each edge, then we attach all the other buttons.

Paints, reserve and tools
There are many fabric dyes, both domestic and imported. Be sure to buy paint in a specialized store, since the appearance of the product and its durability will depend on the quality of the paint.

The reserve for cold batik can be of different composition. You can buy a ready-made reserve or make it yourself.

Possible composition of the reserve for cold batik:

Rubber glue - 200 g, gasoline - 250 g, beeswax - 50 g.
Rubber glue - 200 g, gasoline - 250 g, paraffin - 50 g.
Rubber glue - 215 g, gasoline - 200 g, Vaseline - 85 g.

To prepare the reserve, you can use a metal or glass jar. The jar is placed in a metal container (ladle, pan). Cook the reserve in a water bath.

First, paraffin is placed in the jar, then rubber glue and other additives. Gasoline is poured in last, carefully and gradually. This is done so that, if necessary, the amount of gasoline can be reduced or increased depending on the density of the resulting mass. Mix everything well and remove the prepared reserve from the electric stove. Store the reserve mixture in a jar with a tightly closed lid.
Be sure to follow fire safety precautions and remember to open the windows to ventilate the room.

Tools

Paints are applied to fabric using a brush. Brushes come in a variety of shapes and sizes, with natural and artificial bristles. For small details, take thin brushes with a sharp tip; it is convenient to paint the background or large details with a flat foam brush.

The reserve is applied using a glass tube with a pointed end or a plastic bottle with a metal nozzle. You can buy them in the store along with paints. A drawing pen is also used to apply the reserve.

To remove paint smudges, you will need cotton swabs and sponges.

Well, now that the preparation for work is completed, you can rest a little and proceed directly to hand-painting the fabric using the batik method.

Work technology

For work we will need:

soft pencil
paints
brushes
sponge
cotton buds
reserve
tool for applying reserve (glass tube or drawing pen)

Using a pencil, we draw a design on the fabric or transfer a design from paper. If you use the second option, then you need to pin the paper with needles on the wrong side and trace the outline of the design through the fabric.
Carefully apply the reserve mixture along the pencil lines. The thickness of the lines depends on the angle of inclination of the tool - the smaller the angle, the thinner the line. Before applying paint, you need to wait until the reserve mixture has completely dried to avoid mixing different colors (about 40 minutes). With the cold method, the reserve mixture is not removed from the fabric.
When you use fabric for painting on which the paint flows well (cotton, natural silk), place the brush in the center of the outlined area, and the paint itself will flow to the edges. When using acetate or nylon fabrics, the brush can be brought to the very outline, since the paint spreads much worse on such fabrics.
If during work it was still not possible to avoid the paint from flowing, then you can try to fit the resulting stain organically into the drawing. In any case, this is an original work, and no one limits your imagination.
Dry the finished product on a frame in a horizontal position.

If you have made a decorative panel, then you can safely congratulate yourself on finishing the work. The same items that are supposed to be washed in the future (clothes, tablecloths, curtains) must be “steamed” to fix the paint. This is done as follows.

If you have household If you have an autoclave, this is an ideal option. If you don't have an autoclave, you can use a large saucepan, bucket or steamer for steaming. Fill the pan about 1/5 full with water and bring to a boil. Cover it with a piece of cotton fabric (the fabric should sag a little).
Place the finished product on a flat surface, face up. Cover the drawing with a clean cloth. Carefully roll the fabric into a tube and tie it. If the product is large and does not fit into the pan, then it needs to be rolled up the same way we fold handkerchiefs (in half, then in half again, etc.).
We place our product on cotton fabric, with which we covered the pan. It is very important that the boiling water does not get on the fabric. On top you need to put a blanket folded several times and cover it all with a lid. Steaming time depends on the type of dye. For active dyes, 30 minutes is enough, for other types of dyes - from 1 to 1.5 hours.
We get the finished product. Now you can use it with pleasure and wash it as much as you like with any powder.

The article discussed only one way to hand-paint batik, but the main thing is to start. Knowing the basics, it will be much easier to explore other methods or come up with something new yourself.

Hand-painted batik is a process so interesting and exciting that it can easily turn into a favorite hobby.

Nowadays, fabric painting has become a popular hobby. This is a real art, thanks to which you can add originality and beauty to clothes, shoes, textiles and other products. It is best to make drawings with acrylic paints - they are of the highest quality and allow you to get the perfect result. There are different painting techniques that needlewomen should familiarize themselves with.

Properties and features of acrylic dyes

Acrylic for drawing is one of the types, a polymer composition that does not penetrate the fibers, but covers them from the outside. Acrylic colors are available in a wide range of colors and are easily mixed with each other, allowing you to obtain unique shades. Since this coloring is not afraid of moisture, it can be done even on jackets, raincoats, raincoats, not to mention jeans, scarves, bags, and T-shirts. Hand-painted acrylic looks great on tablecloths and panels. It is not recommended to draw at home on the following types of things:

underwear – there is a risk of allergies;
bed linen - due to frequent washing, it quickly fades;
products subject to dry cleaning - due to possible damage to the design;
things for children younger age, visiting kindergarten– there is a high risk of allergies in children.

Acrylic is ideal for beginners. Finished canvases dry quickly, and the price of paints is low - there is an opportunity to experiment. Other properties of acrylic dyes are as follows:

contains no harmful ingredients chemical substances– there are plant or artificial resins, pigments, water, plasticizers, binding components for uniform consistency;
The texture of the paint is reminiscent of the tempera used to paint icons, but it dries much faster and creates a protective film on the surface (the latter is so durable that things can be washed in washing machine, roll up, store for a long time);
after applying paint to the fabric, its fibers become denser, but this area of the material loses its elasticity;
Over time, the quality of acrylic deteriorates, so paints should only be used during their normal shelf life.

Acrylic colors are diluted with water, but experts prefer the use of special solvents. Such substances help make images glossy, and when water is added, the image will become matte. To fix the paints, it is better to use dry heat - run an iron over the fabric. You can buy colors in art stores; they also have additional equipment (brushes, palettes, templates, stencils).

Suitable fabric

It’s easy to make colors with your own hands. It is important to choose a suitable fabric for this purpose so that it matches the type of dye. The choice of material also depends on the technique of painting things. Thus, hot batik involves the use of natural fabrics - cotton, linen, wool, viscose, denim. This method allows you to dye only such fibers, and artificial ones will remain in their original color. Therefore, mixed materials are not recommended.

“Silk” marking on the paint

If there is such a designation on the color, then there is no increase in the stiffness of the fabric, so the product is suitable even for thin fabric. You can use similar dyes for silk, chiffon, and cambric. Most of the fabrics listed respond well to the cold batik technique.

Textile sign on paint

Similar colors are suitable for hard, dense fabrics - suede, leather, furniture fabrics. For dark textiles, you should choose dyes that are marked accordingly.

Types of painting with acrylic paints

Only a clean fabric or item should be dyed, so before starting work it is washed, then thoroughly dried and ironed. Some painting techniques require stretching the material onto a special frame (for needlewomen it’s called a hoop), although you can make any convenient device yourself. The fabric for work is laid out in a well-lit place, and the dyeing area should be in the center.

Hot batik

For hot coloring, natural dyes used to be used - Indian henna, tea, turmeric and even potassium permanganate, but now there are many more durable, high-quality colors on sale. Hot batik uses melted wax to create structured images with different shade combinations.

The meaning of the technique is that after removing it, a lighter or darker pattern, or even a white pattern, remains under the wax. To apply wax, chanting is used - a tool that applies original wax patterns. It looks like a small vessel with several spouts and a handle.

For hot batik, you must first prepare the wax mixture. It is sold ready-made or made with your own hands from pine resin, paraffin, beeswax, fat, and dammar resin. Beginners are advised to first try applying melted wax from a regular candle to a cloth to practice.

The operating procedure is as follows:

prepare a draft drawing - draw a picture on paper or print it out;
transfer the design onto the fabric in any convenient way (dot technique, tracing paper, carbon paper, etc.);
areas of the design that should be left unpainted, grease with hot wax, let it dry completely (the stain should be transparent and dark, but not white and matte);
pour the dye solution into the fabric and wait for the required time;
remove wax;
if necessary, cover the already painted areas with new wax, and paint the light spot with a different color;
repeat the cycle until the desired combinations are obtained (up to black color).

You need to remove wax using paper and an iron, heating the fabric and carefully separating the substance. This technique is labor-intensive, so it’s better to first watch a master class on the Internet.

The difference between this technique and the “hot” technique is that instead of wax, a special substance is used that does not allow color to pass through. The second name for cold batik is reservation, and the compositions are called reservation.

First, the drawing is outlined with this substance, then other areas of the fabric are painted over with paint. The contours prevent dyes from flowing onto the image. After the material has completely dried, the reserve composition is removed. As a result, contrast (vital) coloring is provided. The easiest way to color products using this technique is using ready-made stencils.

Knot batik

You can paint the fabric in knot technique, the result is unexpected effects and original patterns. They are formed due to small nodules that are unevenly stained. Beginning needlewomen and artists are recommended to use this type of batik. Dresses, tablecloths, napkins, and T-shirts are especially successful.

The operating procedure is as follows:

do free painting on the background (if required);
dry the item, place pebbles on it, tie them with threads into knots (according to the plan);
twist the entire fabric tightly on both sides, fold it into 2-3 layers, tie it with thread again;
Place in a container of paint and wait for the required time;
remove and dry the product.

Shibori technique

This method is a type of knotted batik. The only difference is that the fabric is folded in a certain way, reminiscent of origami. The technique also involves the use of additional effects - sprinkling salt, spraying alcohol.

Free painting

The technique is reminiscent of conventional painting of fabric with watercolors or gouache. On material, the result can be a real picture or individual drawings and details. Here the artist’s talent is fully demonstrated, because it will not be possible to make a painting using a template. To prevent the paint from flowing, the fabric is first soaked in a saline solution for 2-3 hours. For successful prescription of shades, the use of reserve compounds is allowed. If they are not there, it is better to prime the fabric in advance:

mix equal parts gelatin, PVA, starch;
apply to fabric with a brush;
dry, but not completely;
start work.

A type of free painting is raw painting. It gives the effect of one color flowing into another, giving a feeling of airiness. Drawing is done on wet fabric without using stencil technology (no templates). You can not only make brush strokes, but also blow the paint through a cocktail straw, then giving the drops the desired shape.

Airbrush painting

For this painting method you will need a paint spraying device - an airbrush. By changing the angle of application, you can get a variety of shades. To use airbrushing you must have certain artistic skills.

The history of the appearance of batik technique

Batik dates back several hundred years. Over time, the technology became more complex, improved and had its own characteristics in different countries. Indonesia is considered the birthplace of batik, but the method was first described in Holland in the 17th century. Very ancient samples of fabric were discovered in Egypt - they were made around the 5th century. In ancient times, batik was widespread in Japan, China and other Asian countries, and in the Middle Ages it became incredibly popular among European artists.

Prints with acrylic paints - execution

The most reliable method of creating an original item is painting with acrylic colors. You can use a variety of paint application methods.

Copying a drawing from paper

In this case, you don’t need to be an artist to create masterpieces. It is enough to be careful to clearly outline the design on the fabric. It is printed on a printer, making the outlines bold and dark (otherwise they will not be visible through the fabric). Next, the item is stretched onto cardboard or a sheet of plywood, an embossed design is placed between the layers, secured with pins, and the drawing is traced with a simple pencil or a special marker for fabric. Afterwards, you can begin to paint the image.

Drawing on fabric by hand

If you have artistic abilities and imagination, you can make a drawing without a template, by hand. Professionals work directly with paints; for a beginner, it is better to first draw the outlines with a simple pencil. Particularly good this method, if some lightness, carelessness in the picture is assumed.

Stenciling

Stencils are sold in specialized stores in large quantities. It is very convenient to use this technique if you need to repeatedly copy the same drawing (team uniform, napkins, etc.). The stencil is applied to the fabric, fixed with pins, paper clips and outlined with paints.

Screen printing

Used to create complex patterns and multi-color images. The method involves the use of special paint and meshes for screen printing, you will also need a roller and other tools. It is better to take the product to a workshop where all work will be done efficiently.

In order for painting on a fabric basis to turn out “excellent”, you should follow a number of important tips and recommendations:

purchase only high-quality paints in specialized stores (colors that are too cheap may be fake);
pay attention to the expiration date - it should be normal;
get acquainted with the composition of paints - if they are good, they do not contain toxic components, heavy metals, and there is no unpleasant odor;
before painting a large canvas, do a color test on a small area, evaluate the work after the paint has completely dried;
for work, use brushes with synthetic bristles, rollers, sponges;
Apply each new layer after the previous one has dried;
After a day, fix the design with an iron - iron it for at least 5 minutes;
high-quality products do not spread on fabric, are durable, and are not destroyed by water after hardening.

For washing, use only non-aggressive surfactants and water with temperatures up to 35-40 degrees. The use of bleaches, which destroy paint, is strictly prohibited. It is better to wash small items by hand, do not wring them out, do not twist them, but carefully hang them on the back of a chair to dry.

Large items can be washed in a machine, including the delicate cycle. If you follow these simple rules, clothes or other products will last a long time without losing color or quality.

home » How to earn » Hand painted title on fabric. Types of artistic painting of fabric. Stages of work in this technique

Advantages of acrylic paints

Choosing the right fabric for painting

Preparatory work

Types of acrylic painting

Subtleties of painting technique

Methods of applying acrylic paints

Master classes on painting clothes (2 videos)

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