Tactical and technical characteristics in comparison with analogues. Equipment, ammunition and equipment

OKB Lavochkin

This fighter was developed under the leadership of a triumvirate of designers: S.A. Lavochkina. V.P.Gor6unova and M.I. Gudkova. Its prototype, called I-301, entered testing in March 1940, i.e. shortly after I-26 A.S. Yakovleva.

A distinctive feature of the I-301 design was wide application such a new material at that time as delta wood (plasticized wood with great strength). Metal was used only where it was simply impossible to do without it (steel monoframe, engine hoods made of duralumin alloys). This approach to design was forced. The bottom line was that the capabilities of non-ferrous metallurgy did not keep up with the sharply increased needs of aircraft manufacturing in the pre-war years, the only way, which made it possible under these conditions to organize mass production of new combat aircraft, was to use wood. It was used to a greater or lesser extent in the design of other aircraft, in particular the Yak-1 and Mig-Z. and the I-301 most fully embodied the idea of ​​an all-wood car, which was considered its great advantage. Other distinguishing feature The I-301 had unusually powerful armament - a 23 mm cannon and two synchronized BS heavy machine guns, in addition to which two more ShKAS could be installed.

The I-301 passed the tests generally successfully. However, before organizing mass production, an additional requirement was put forward to increase the flight range to 1000 km. The designers had to install additional tanks, although it was already clear then that the plane would be too heavy with such a fuel supply.

The first production aircraft, branded LaGG-Z, began rolling off the assembly line in 1941. Like the Yak-1 and Mig-Z, this fighter became one of the main aircraft of the new generation of the Soviet Air Force in the first period of the war.

The composition of the LaGG-Z's weapons changed during serial construction. In the most typical version for 1941, it consisted of a 20 mm cannon and synchronized machine guns - one BS and two ShKAS. In addition, 6-8 rockets can be placed under the wing. Unfortunately, during the development of the LaGG-Z in production and in the process of its development, it was not possible to maintain its high flight characteristics. The speed has decreased especially significantly.

The LaGG-Z operated most successfully against enemy bombers, where its superior flight performance and the power of its weapons were decisive. This aircraft was also good for performing assault missions. But still, the pilots of the LaGG-Z more often had to conduct air battles with enemy fighters. Here the shortcomings of the LaGG, due to its too large weight, were clearly evident. In terms of basic indicators, it was inferior to the Messerschmitt Bf-109E and Bf-109F.

By decision of the State Defense Committee at one of the most powerful aircraft factories, which produced the majority of LaGG-Z. their production was discontinued. Instead of LaGG, production of Yak fighters was established there, and LaGG-Z continued to be built at plant No. 31 in Tbilisi. There, under the leadership of V.P. Gorbunov in 1942-1943. work was carried out to increase the combat effectiveness of LaGG-Z.

Attempts were made to install M-106 and M-107 engines on the fighter, but they ended in vain. Gorbunov made another attempt to improve the flight qualities of the LaGGa-3 by installing the M-105PT engine on the aircraft. The fighter, designated "object 105" in October 1943, passed state tests. The first thing that caught your eye was the teardrop shape of the cockpit canopy. The aircraft's armament consisted of a ShVAK cannon and a BS machine gun with 160 and 200 rounds of ammunition, respectively. The take-off weight of the aircraft was 2818 kg, maximum speed 612 km/h.

In February 1944, the “105-2” aircraft appeared with an M-105PF-2 engine with a starting power of 1290 hp. and operating power 1310 hp. at an altitude of 2000 m. The capacity of the fuel tanks was reduced from 405 to 377 liters, the ShVAK cannon was replaced with a VYA-23 cannon with 85 rounds of ammunition. The BS machine gun had 185 rounds of ammunition. The fighter underwent state tests from May 10 to June 12, 1944. They ended negatively. The aircraft was noted to have flaws in the design of its propeller-engine group, weak armament and low flight parameters. The 105-2 aircraft was significantly inferior in capabilities to the German Bf-109G-6 and Fw-190D-9 fighters. As a result, the Air Force Research Institute recognized further improvement of the LaGGa-3 as futile and raised the issue of stopping its serial production.

Total for 1941-1944 aircraft factories built 6528 LaGG-Z fighters.

*At 90% of maximum speed.

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L RTYEDH MBCHPYULYOB KHUREMY ЪBYYFSH PDOKH UFPTPOH UBNPMEFB MPTSOSHCHN VPTFPN RPCHETI UFBTPC PVIYCHLY, VPMEE OYUEZP OE NEOSS. rPUFBCHYMY UELFPTB YI TEEL, B ABOUT OYI - ZHBOETKH. rPMKHYUMUS LTHZMSCHK ZHAYEMSTS. mBChPYULYO RPOSM, YuFP UBNPMEF RPMKHYUBEFUS, Y NPVYMYJPCHBM HCE CHUE lv ABOUT TBVPFKH RP n-82. lPMMELFYCH FTHDYMUS CH UBNPN RTSNPN UNSHUME DEOSH Y OPYUSH, UPOBCHBS, YuFP PF KHUREIPCH DEMB PE NOPZPN ЪBCHYUYF DBMSHOEKYBS UHDSHVB plv. OP LPZDB UBNPMEF VSHM HCE RPYUFY ZPFPCH, RTYYMP RPUFBOPCHMEOYE zlp P RETEDBYUE ЪБЧПДБ No. 21 sLPCHMECHH Y RETEIPDE ABOUT CHSHHRHUL YUFTEVYFEMEK SL-7. mBChPYULYOH Y EZP plv RTEDRYUSCHCHBMPUSH RETEVBYTPCHBFSHUS CH fVYMYUY, ABOUT EBCHPD No. 31 YNEOY DYNYFTPCHB.

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HTSE ЪBYLBMYMP...

FEN CHTENEOEN UCHEDEOYS P OPChPN YUFTEVYFEME DPIMY DP zlp. hBMEDYOULYK DPLMBDSCHBM P TBVPFBI yCHEGPCHH, B FPF - CH UCHPK PVLPN RBTFYY, UELTEFBTSH LPFTPTPZP o.y.zHUBTPCH, LBL Y UELTEFBTSH ZPTSHLPCHULZP PVLPNB n.y.tPDYPOPCH , DPMPTSYMY CH ch. dBChBM YOZHPTNBGYA RP UCHPEK MYOY Y CHPEORTED ЪBCPDB..."

yuEFCHETFSH CHELB OBBD VSHMB PRHVMYLPCHBOB OEVPMSHYBS LOIZB, DBTSE, RPTSBMHK, VTPYATB r.f.puFBYEOLPCHB "DETOLYE UFBTFSCH" P FChPTYUEUFCHE u.b.mbChPYULYOB, ZDE FBLCE ZP CHPTYMPUSH P UPDBOY MB-5. fBN RTYCHEDEOSH ZHTBZNEOFSH ЪBRYUEK J DOECHOILB UENOB bMELUEECHYUB, PFOPUSEYEUS, CHYDYNP, L OBYUBMKH 1942 Z. Y YMMAUFTYTHAEYE OELPFPTSHCHE RKhFY UP'DBOYS MB-5.

ULPTEE CHUEZP RPUME RETCHSCHI RTPV NPFPTB ABOUT YUFTEVYFEME mbzz-3 mbchpyulyo ibryubm ch VMPLOPF:

"nPFPT ЪBTsBF LBRPFPN, OEPVIPDYNPZP PVDHCHB ZPMPCHPL GYMYODTPCH OEF... uOSFSH DCHE RHYLY, ABOUT PUFBCHYEUS DCHE - RETECHEUFY CHEUSH VPELPNRMELF."

ъDEUSH EUFSH TBUIPTSDEOOIS U TBUULBBPN bMELUEECHB, CHEDSH RBNSFSH YUEMPCHELB OE UPCHUEN OBDETSOSCHK "YOUFTHNEOF", FEN VPMEE URKHUFS RPMCHELB.

lBL CHYDYN, VKHDHAKE MB-5 VSCHM ЪBDKHNBO U PYUEOSH NPEOSCHN CHPPTHTSEOYEN - YUEFSHTSHNS RKHYLBNY, B CH CHP'DKHI RPDOSMUS U DCHHNS PTHDYSNY. hCE CH IPDE ЪBCHPDULYI YURSHCHFBOYK CH VMPLOPFE KH MBCHPYULYOB RPSCHYMBUSH ЪBRYUSH:

"rPFETSOB CHCHUPFOPUFSH DCHYZBFEMS... chP'DHIP'BVPTOIL Y' LBRPFB KHVTBFSH, TBURPMPTSYFSH EZP ACCOUNTING. rKHUFSH OULPMSHLP KHIKHDIYFUS PVJPT, OP PFLTPEFUS DPUFHR CHPDKHI B DMS PIMBTSDEOOYS CHETIOYI GYMYODTPCH."

b LPZDB RPUME RETCHSCHI RPMEFPCH ABOUT LFBR ZPUKHDBTUFCHEOOSCHI YURSHCHFBOYK CHSCCHYMBUSH OEPVIPDYNPUFSH DPCHPDLY NBYOSCH, RPSCHYMBUSH EEE PDOB ЪBRYUSH:

"YЪNEOYFSH UYUFENKH UHZHMYTPCHBOYS NPFPTB, NBUMPVBL YЪ LBVIOSCH RETEOUFY ЪB RTPFYCHPRPTSBTOKHA RETEZPTPDLH, KHMKHYUYYFSH UYUFENKH KHRTBCHMEOYS ZBBPN, ЪBLTSCHMLBNY."

fBL RPUFEREOOP ZHTNYTPCHBMUS PVMYL VKHDHEEZP YUFTEVYFEMS.

13 BRTEMS 1942 ZPDB ABOUT YNS uFBMYOB VSHMB RPUMBOB FEMEZTBNNB ЪB RPDRYUSHA ЪBNEUFYFEMS OBTLPNB b.u.sLPCHMECHB, ЪBNEUFYFEMS ZMBCHLPNB chchu b.l.TERYOB, DYTELFPTB Kommersant BChPDB No. 21 zPUFYOGECHB Y ZMBCHOPZP LPOUFTHLFPTB u.b.mBChPYULYOB. h OEK UPPVEBMPUSH, YuFP ABOUT EBCHPDULYI YURSHCHFBOYSI UBNPMEFB mbzz-3 U NPFPTPN n-82, DCHHNS RHYLBNY ychbl U 440 RBFTPOBNY RTY CHUE 3280 LZ (RP DTKHZYN DBOOSHCHN - 3380 LZ ) RPMHYUEOB NBLUINBMSHOBS ULPTPUFSH X ENMY VEЪ RTYNEOOYS ZHTUBTSB 531 LN/YU, B ABOUT CHCHUPFE 3025 N - 586 LN/YU. OB CHCHUPFKH 5000 N NBYOB RPDOINBMBUSH UB 6.1 NYO. pFNEYUBMPUSH, YuFP ЪBCHPD, UFTPSEYK mbzz-3 U NPFPTPN n-105r, NPTsEF RTYNETOP YUETE NEUSG OBYUBFSH CHSHCHRHUL mbzz-3 U NPFPTPN n-82 Y UETE DCHB.NEUSGB KHMPTSYFSHUS H ЪBDBOOSCHK ZTBZHYL.

rPMCHELB URKHUFS u.n.bMELUEECH TBUULBSCHCHBM, UFP BRTEMSHULINE 1942 ZPDB RPUFBOPCHMEOYEN zlp DMS RTPCHEDEOYS UPCHNEUFOSCHI ZPUKHDBTUFCHEOOSHI YURSHCHFBOYK PRSHCHFOPA UBNPMEFB MBCHPULYOB OB FUCKING LPNYUYYA. pF ohy chchu EE RTEDUFBCHMSMY CHEDHEYE YOTSEOET b.o.zhTPMPCH (RTEDUEDBFEMSH LPNYUUYY) Y MEFUYL b.z.lKHVSCHYLYO, B PF RTPNSCHYMEOOPUFY - CHEDHEYE MEFUYL myy b.r.sLYNPCH YY OTSEOET ch.o.ubZYOPCH. uTPL YURSHCHFBOYK KHUFBOPCHYMY RSFSH MEFOSHI DOEK.

Chue RETCHSHCHE RPMEFSH RP LBTSDPNKH ЪBDBOIA RTEDUFPSMP UDEMBFSH sLYNPCHH, B lHVSHCHYLYOH - RPCHFPTSFSH YI Y DBCHBFSH ЪBLMAYUEOYE.

"mBCHPYULYO CHUFTEFYM LPNYUUYA - CHURPNYOBM u.n.bMELUEECH - VEЪ ЪОФХЪЪБЪНБ, VSHM INHT Y RTEDMPTSYM DPChPMSHOP UTSBFKHA RTPZTBNNH TBVPFSHCH, UTBH RTEDHRTEDYCH, YuFP RETEZTECHBEFUS NBUMP. Y CHEMEFOP- RPUBDPUOSHI IBTBLFETYUFYL, DBMSHOPUFY Y PFUFTEM PTHTSYS. EOOSCHK DHVMET HCE RPZTHYMY ABOUT TSEMEЪOPDPTPTSOHA RMBFZhPTNH DMS PFRTBCHLY CH fVYMYUY.lTPNE FPZP, UPZMBUOP RTYLBYKH OBTLPNB mbChPYULYO DPMTSEO VSHM OENEDMEOOOP CHCHEIBFSH FHDB CE.

UBZYOPCH RTEDMPTSYM RPRTPUIFSH yBIKHTYOB RPЪCHPMYFSH MBCHPYULYOH ЪBDETTSBFSHUS CH zPTSHLPN DP PLPOYUBOYS YURSHCHFBOYK. rPCHPOYMY RP chyu Y RPMKHYUMY PFCHEF: "yYEMPO PFRTBCHYFSH, ZMBCHOPNH LPOUFTHLFPTH PUFBFSHUS DP PLPOYUBOYS YURSHCHFBOYK."

xFTPN 22 BRTEMS (RP DTHZYN DBOOSCHN - 21 BRTEMS) OBYUBMYUSH UPCHNEUFOSH ZPUKHDBTUFCHEOOSCH YURSHCHFBOYS mbzz-3 n-82. RETCHSHCHK RPMEF UDEBM MEKFEOBOF sLYNPCH. CHCHDETTSBFSH TETSYN ULPTPRPDYENOPUFY Y PRTEDEMYFSH NBLUINBMSHOHA ULPTPUFSH OE KHDBMPUSH - RETEZTECHBMUS NPFPT. dTHZPK RPMEF CHSHRPMOYM lKHVSCHYLYO. ABOUT RPUBDLE X OEZP OE CHSHCHRKHUFYMYUSH ЪBLTSCHMLY, Y UBNPMEF, EDCHB OE ULBRPFYTPCHBCH, ЪBLBFYMUS CH PZTPNOKHA MHTSKH CH LPOGE RPMPUSH. l ЪББНЭІУКОСН сЛНИПЧБ лХВШШЧИЛО ДПВБЧИМ EEE PDOP - DEZHELF CH UYUFENE KHRTBCHMEOYS ЪBLTSCHMLBNY. chNEUFE U FEN YURSHCHFBFEMY RPDUETLOHMY RETURELFYCHOPUFSH OPCHPZP YUFTEVYFEMS.

lPNYUUYS RTYOSMB TEYOOYE YURSHCHFBOYS RTELTBFYFSH Y RTEDMPTSYFSH ZMBCHOPNH LPOUFTHLFPTH UTPYUOP KHUFTBOIFSH PFNEYOOOSCH OEDPUFBFLY. chewETPN zhTPMPCH Y UBZYOPCH DPMPTSYMY RP chyu PTEYEOYY CH olbr Y chchu. pVB RTPUYMY UPZMBUYS ABOUT DPCHPDLH UBNPMEFB. хФТПН 23 BRTEMS UFBMP YJCHEUFOP, YuFP TEYEOYE LPNYUUYY PDPVTEOP zlp Y OBTLPNBFPN, OP ABOUT KHUFTBOOEYE OEDPUFBFLPCH PFchedEOP DEUSFSH DOEC.

lPNYUUYS UPVTBMBUSH, VSHMP, MEFEFSH CH nPULCHH, OP mBChPYULYO RPRTPUYM YI OE EIBFS: MYYOYE TBZPCHPTSH P FPN, YuFP ABOUT OPChPK NBYYOE OEMSHJS MEFBFSH, VSHMY UPCHETYOOOP OH YUEN H. lPNYUUYS PFRTBCHYMBUSH ЪOBLPNYFSHUS U ЪБЧПДПН, У лв, У ПРШЧФОСЧН ГЭИПН, Б ABOUT UBNPMEFE OBYUBMPUSH KHUFTBOEOYE OEDPUFBFLPC.

oBDP VShchMP YuFP-FP DEMBFSH U NBUMSOPK UYUFENPK: UFBCHYFSH OPCHSCHK TBDIBFPT, MYVP DEMBFSH EZP UDCHPEOOOSCHN. rTPYMP OUEULPMSHLP DOEC. dPUFBFSH OPCHSHCHK TBDYBFPT ЪB FBLPK LPTPFLYK UTPL PLBBBMPUSH OECHSCHRPMOYNPK ЪBDBUEK, B EZP PFUKHFUFCHYE ЪBDETTSYCHBMP DPTBVPFLH CHUEK NBUMSOPK UYUFENSCH. rPNPZ UYUBUFMYCHSHCHK UMHYUBK. h UVPTPYuOPN GEIE L sLYNPCHH RPDPYEM TBVPYUYK Y ULBJBM, YUFP CH DBMSHOEN KHZMH UFPYF SALE U LBLYN-FP TBDYBFPTPN. DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP, CH SALE PLBBBMUS OPCHEOSHLYK NBUMPTBDYBFPT U RBURPTFPN, RTYUEN U PIMBTSDBAEEK RPCHETIOPUFSHA TBBB CH RPMFPTB VPMSHYE, YUEN X FPZP, YuFP UFPSM ABOUT UBNPMEF. Sing EZP CHSMY Y RTYOEUMY CH ABOUT PRSHFOSCHK GAYS. MBCHPYULYOH DPMPTSYMY, YuFP UBZYOPCH PFLHDB-FP DPUFBM OPCCHCHK TBDIBFPT. ZMBCHOSCHK LPOUFTHLFPT RTYVETSBM CH GAYS:

PFLHDB LFPF TBDYBFPT?

DB CHPF CH UVPTPYuOPN GEIE, CH SEYLE OBUMY.

LFP, OBCHETOPE, sLPCHMECH HCE RTYCHE DMS UCHPYI OPCHSHHI NBYO, CHETPSFOP, DMS NFPPTB n-107. oENEDMEOOOP OEUYFE PVTBFOP. bFP CHPTPCHUFCHP, NO FBLYE CHEY OE OHTSOSCH!

lBL NOE RPFPN TBUULBBSCHBM UBZYOPCH, LFP-FP PFCHMEL MBCHPYULYOB, ULBBICH, YuFP ЪChPOSF YЪ nPULCHSHCH, FPF Y KHYEM. CHCHBCHBMY LPOUFTHLFPTPCH, VSHUFTEOSHLP UOSMY ULYSHCH, OBUMY RPDIPSEHA VPMCHBOLKH DMS CHSHLPMPFLY PVFELBFEMS Y OPIUSHA KHUFBOPCHYMY PVFELBFEMSH ABOUT UBNPMEF. yuete DEOSH YMY DCHB UBNPMEF VSHM ZPFPCH. WHAT'S ON PUFBMUS RPYUFY FBLYN CE, LBL Y RTETSDE, OP RPDTPUMB VPPTPDLB NBUMPTBDYBFPTB RPD DCHYZBFEMEN, UCHETIKH RP LBRPFH RTPYEM CHPЪDHIPBVPTOIL, YЪ CHPPTHTSEOYS PUFBCHYMY FPMSHLP DCHE RHYLY. NYEEOLP UDEMBM RETCHSCHK RPMEF. CHSHRPMOYM OBD BTPPDTPNPN DCHB LTHZB, UEM, CHSHCHMEЪ Y LBVYOSCH, RPLBYSCHCHBEF VPMSHYPK RBMEG - NBUMP CH OPTNE!

uPCHNEUFOSH ZPUYURSHFBOYS RTDDPMTSYMYUSH 3 NBS. RETCHPE RPMEFOPE ЪBDBOYE, RPMHYUEOOPE SLYNPCHSHCHN, - PRTEDEMEOYE NBLUINBMSHOSHI ULPTPUFEK ABOUT OELPFPTSCHI CHCHUPFBI Y PRTEDEMEOYE ZTBOYG CHCHUPFOPUFY NPFPTB. URKHUFS DCHB YUBUB - EEE PDYO RPMEF, ABOUT LFPF TBYU RPDYAENPN ABOUT CHCHUPFKH 9000 NY UOSFYEN ULPTPUFEK ABOUT VPMSHYI CHCHUPFBI. ъBFEN CH YUFTEVYFEMSH UEM lKHVSCHYLYO, RPCHFPTYCH RTEDSHDHEYE TETSINSHCH. nBYYOB CHEMB UEWS RTELTBUOP. zPMPCHLY GYMYODTPCH OE RETEZTECHBMYUSH, B FENRETBFHTB Y DBCHMEOYE NBUMB VSHMY CH OPTNE. chЪMEFOP-RPUBDPYUOSCH IBTBLFETYUFYLY UOINBM UBZYOPCH, ЪBUELBS RP UELKHODPNETH CHTENS TBVEZB Y RTPVEZB.

ABOUT UMEDHAEIK DEOSH OBYUMY PFUFTEM PTHTSYS CH CHPDHIYE. rPMEFSH DPMTSEO VSHM CHSHRPMOSFSH lHVSHCHYLYO, LBL RTEDUFBCHYFEMSH chchu. ъBDBOYE RTPUFPE: PFUFTEM RKHOYEL LPTPFFLYNYY DMYOOSHNYY PYUETEDSNYY, UOBYUBMB PFDEMSHOP DMS LBTSDPK RHYLYYY, B ЪBFEN - YЪ PVEYI. h RETCHPN RPMEFE, RPUME OULPMSHLYI PYUETEDEK RHYLY ЪBNPMMLMY YЪ-ЪB RETELPUB UOBTSDB Y PVTSHCHB MEOFSH. uBNPMEF PFLBFYMY CH FYT. rPUME CHFPTPZP CHSHCHMEFB CH RBFTPOOSCHI SAILBI PVOBTHTSYMUS PUFBFPL VPELPNRMELFB Y UOPCHB NBYOB CH FYTE. mYYSH RPUME DPTBVPFPL, CH YUEFCHETFPN RPMEFE, CHSHRPMOOOOPN sLYNPCHSHCHN, PTHDYS UFTEMSMY VEPFLBOP.

rP RTPZTBNNE PUFBMPUSH CHSHRPMOYFSH RPMEF ABOUT DBMSHOPUFSH. YuFPVSH OE TYULLPCHBFSH MYYOYK TB, TEYMYMY MEFEFSH UFPTPOH LBBOY, OBD TPCHOPK NEUFOPUFSHHA ABOUT UMKHYUBK CHSCHOKHTSDEOOOPK RPUBDLY. xFTPN 5 NBS SLYNPCH RPDOSM NBYYOKH CH CHPDKHI Y CHETOHMUS PVTBFOP YUETE 1 YUBU 41 NYOKHFKH. NEIBOIL RPUME RPMEFB UMYM YJ VBLB EEE OULPMSHLP MYFTPC VEOYOB. ъB CHTENS YURSHCHFBOYK SLYNPCH CHSHCHRPMOYM 13 RPMEFPCH Y RTYNETOP UFPMSHLP TSE UDEMBM LKHVSCHYLYO. OE PVPYMPUSH Y VEЪ RTPYUYUEUFCHYK - CH PDOPN YЪ RPMEFPCH MPROHMB NBUMSOBS FTHVLB. nBUMPN ЪBMYMP ZHPOBTSH, Y SLYNPCHH RTYYMPUSH UBTSBFSH UBNPMEF CHUMERKHA. YURSHCHFBOYS RPLBYBMY, YUFP RP MEFOSHCHN IBTBLFETYUFYLBN NBYOB IPTPYB, B RP FERMPCHSHCHN TETSINBN - FETRYNB.

mBChPYULJO CHUE CHTENS FPTPRYM:

ULPTEE RJYYFE PFUEF, YuFPVSH S Refinery RPEIBFSH CH nPULCHH DPLMBDSCHBFSH.

zhTPMPCH PRSFSH ЪBYLOKHMUS, VSHMP, PV YURSHCHFBOYSI ABOUT YFPRPT, OP MBCHPYULYO Y UMKHYBFSH OYUEZP OE IPFEM:

YFPRPT DEMBFSH OEMSHHS. OILBLYI RTPFPYCHPYFPRPTOSCHI KHUFTPKUFCH KH OBU OEF, NBYOKH TBBPVSHEN, CHBU RPVSHEN...

pVEEBMY MBCHPYULYOKH, YuFP ABOUT YFPRPT YURSHCHFSHCHBFSH OE VHDHF, B UBNY DPZPCHPTYMYUSH CHUE-FBLY RTPCHEUFY YURSHCHFBOYS... hUMPCHYMYUSH, YuFP MEFBFSH VHDHF sLYNPCH Y LKHVSHCHYL YO, B ЪBCHPDULPK MEFYUIL YFPRPT NPTsEF OE DEMBFSH. 6 NBS, EEE OE VSHMP RSFY KhFTB, LPZDB CHUE UPVTBMYUSH X UBNPMEFB. UBZYOPCH OBRYUBM ЪBDBOYE ABOUT RPMEF: "YURSHCHFBOYS UBNPMEFB ABOUT YFPRPT. rTY OPTNBMSHOPN RPCHEDEOY NBYOSCH DPCHEUFY YFPRPT DP DCHHI CHYFLPCH." sLYNPCH RPDOSM UBNPMEF CH CHPDKHI. h LFP READING ABOUT BTPPDTPN RTYYEM MBCHPYULJO:

YuFP LFP ЪB RPMEF? NSH TSE ЪBLPOYUMY YURSHCHFBOYS.

lFP-FP OBREM, NPM, RTPCHETYFSH YFP-FP THEYMYMY... sLYNPCH UDEMBM RPMPZYK CHYTBTS, OBYUBM ZBUIFSH ULPTPUFSH, UDEMBM OEULPMSHLP RTPVOSHHI ЪBIDPCH, CHSHRPMOYM RP RPMCHYFLB CHRTBCHP Y CHMECHP. x mBChPYULYOB ZPMPCHB UPCHUEN KHIMB CH RMEYUY. sLYNPCH UDEMBM CHYFPL, CHCHYEM OPTNBMSHOP, UDEMBM DCHB CHYFLB, NBYOB UMKHYBEFUS, CHSCHIPDYF VEЪ ЪBRBDSHCHBOYK. mBChPYULYO UFBM RPOENOPZH TBURTSNMSFSHUS. ъBFEN UMEFBM lKHVSCHYLYO, RPDFCHETDYM NOOOYE sLYNPCHB, YuFP UBNPMEF YFPRPTYF ЪBNEYUBFEMSHOP. h FPF TSE DEOSH RP RTPUSHVE LPNYUUYY OBYUBMSHOYL MEFOP-YURSHCHFBFEMSHOPK UFBOGYY y.zh.lPYMPCH CHSHCHDEMYM DCHHI UCHPYI MEFUYLPCH DMS PVMEFB OPChPK NBYOSCH. pFЪSCHCHSHCH YI VSHMY CHPUFPTSEOOOSCHNY. ъB DCHB DOS ЪBLPOYUMY PFUEF P UPCHNEUFOSHI YURSHCHFBOYSI, RPLBЪBMY OPCHSHCHK YUFTEVYFEMSH CH RPMEFE UELTEFBTA PVLPNB n.y.tPDYPOPCHH. rPMEF sLYNPCHB RTPYYCHEM CHREYUBFMEOYE, Y tPDYPOPCH PVEEBM RPDDETTSBFSH TEYEOYE LPNYUUYYY RPNPYUSH MBCHPYULYOH.

lPNYUUYS UTBH CE CHSHCHMEFEMB ABOUT UBNPMEFE uv Ch nPULCHH. pDOPCHTEENOOOP, OP RPEЪDPN, HEIBM CH nPULCHH Y MBCHPYULYO. EZP UTBH CE CHSHCHBMY ABOUT DPLMBD L uFBMYOH. rTY RPDDETZLE yBIKHTYOB PUEOSH VSHCHUFTP RTYOSMY TEYEOYE, Y RPUMEDPCHBM RTYLBY P CHPCHTBEEOOY plv ABOUT EBCHPD No. 21st ЪBRHULE UBNPMEFB CH UETYKOPE RTPYCHPDUFCHP".

UENEO BMELUEECHYU TBUULBSCHBM, YFP MB-5 UNEOYM ABOUT LPOCHEKETE MBZZ-3 RPYUFY VEЪ OBDETSEL. RETCHCHE 200 NBYO RPUFTPIMY U OBLMBDOSHNY VPTFBNY Y FPMSHLP RPFPN UDEMBMY VPMCHBOLKH DMS CHSHHLMEKLY OPCHPZP ZHAYEMSTSB.

ъDEUSH UMEDHEF LPE-YuFP HFPYUOIFSH ABOUT PUOPCH YHYUEOOSCHI NOPA DPLHNEOFPC. pYUETEDODOSCHN RPUFBOPCHMEOYEN zlp ЪБЧПДХ О NBK - YAOSH 1942 ZPDB CHNEUFP ЪBRМBOYTPCHBOOPZP CHSHCHRKHULB 50 sL-7 ЪBLБББМY RPUFTPKLH 20 mbzz-3. 20 NBS RPSCHYMUS RTYLB olbr "p CHSHCHRHULE UBNPMEFPCH mbzz-3 ABOUT UBCHPD No. 21", FTEVPCHBCHYYK OENEDMEOOOP RTYUFKHRYFSH L CHSHCHRHULH mbzz-3 U NPFPTPPN n-82 ACCOUNTING RTPZTBNNNSCH RP UBNPMEFBN mbzz-3 U NPFPTPN n-105rzh Y CH FEYEOYE NEUSGB PVMESUYFSH HRTBCHMEOYE OChPK NBYOPK. yFYN CE DPLHNEOFPN PFNEOSMYUSH RTEDSHDHEYE TBURPTTSSEOYS, Y DYTELFPTKH ЪBCHPDB zPUFYOGECH RTYLBYLBSCHBMPUSH UPITSBOYFSH CHSHCHRHUL mbzz-3 ABOUT ЪБЧПДЭ Х зПТШЛПН, ZDE KHUR EMY UDBFSH ЪBLBYUYLH FPMSHLP RSFSH YUFTEVYFEMEK SL-7.

URKHUFS DEUSFSH DOEK plv MBCHPYULYOB CHPCHTBFYMPUSH YJ fVYMYUY CH zPTSHLYK, B RTYLBBPN PF 3 YAOS PLPOYUBFEMSHOP VSHHM TEYEO CHPRTPU P CHSHCHRKHULE mbzz-5(FBL RETCHPOBUBMSHOP OBSCHCHBMY mBzz-3 U NPFPTPN n-82) ABOUT UBCHPDBI No. 21st No. 31.

nPFPT n-82 RShchFBMYUSH KHUFBOBCHMYCHBFSH FBLCE O YUFTEVYFEMY nYz-3, sl-7, O YFKHTNPCHYL yM-2 Y VPNVBTDYTPCHEIL rE-2. OP KHDBYUOP ЪBNEOYFSH NPFPT U V-PVTBOBOSCHN TBURPMPTSEOYEN GYMYODTPCH ABOUT ЪCHEDPPVTBOSHCHK KHDBMPUSH MYYSH U.B.MBCHPYULYOH.

rPMSHЪKHSUSH UMHUBEN, TBUULBTSH, YUEN ЪBLPOYUMBUSH YUFPTYS U YUFTEVYFEMEN zX-82. rP UTBCHOEYA U MB-5 ABOUT OEN UDEMBMY LBRPF RP FYRKH UH-2 UP ULMBDSCHCHBAEINYUS RETEDOYNY TSBMAYY, B DMS TEZKHMYTPCHBOYS RMPEBDY CHSHCHIPDB ZPTSYUEZP CHPDHIB RP RETINEFTKH LBRPFB YNE MYUSH AVLYU CHSHCHTEBNY RPD CHCHCHIMPROSCHE LPMMELFPTSH, CHSHCHUFKHRBCHYE ЪB LBRPF. PF MBZZ-3 X OEZP UPITBOYMYUSH DCHHIVBLPCHBS NBUMPUYUFENB Y NBUMPTBDYBFPT, TBNEEEOOOSCHK NETSDH YUEFCHETFSHCHN Y RSFSHCHN YRBOZPHFBNY. MEFOSCH IBTBLFETYUFYLY ZH-82, RETEDEMBOOPZP YY UETYKOPZP mbzz-3 UP CHUENY EZP RTPYCHPDUFCHOOOSCHNY DEZHELFBNYY YURSHCHFBOOPZP CH myy PUEOSHA 1941 ZPDB, PLBBBMY USH ЪBNEFOP OYCE, YUEN X MB-5. dPUFBFPYuOP ULBBFSH, YuFP EZP NBLUINBMSHOBS ULPTPUFSH VSHMB NEOSHYE ABOUT 27 LN/YU, B CHTENS OBVPTB CHSHUPFSH VPMSHYE. lBL UMEDHEF YJ RYUSHNB OBYUBMSHOILB myy b.ch.yuEUUBMPCHB, OBRTBCHMEOOOPZP yBIKHTYOKH 22 YAMS 1943 ZPDB, "PUOPCHOSCHN PFMYUYEN MB-5, PVEUREYUYCHYN MKHYUYE MEFOSHCH DBOOSCH RP UTB CHOEOYA U zKh-82, SCHMSEFUS HDBUOBS PTYZIOBMSHOBS ZHTNB [LBRPFB] Y LPNRPOPCHLB NPFPTB."

UMEDHEF, RTBCHDB, PFNEFYFSH, YuFP zH-82 RPSCHYMUS ABOUT RPMZPDB TBOSHYE Y CH VPMEE UMPTSOSHI KHUMPCHISI ABOUT ZHTPOFBI CHEMYLPK pFEYUEFCHEOOPK CHPKOSHCH. l FPNKH CE PE CHTENS YURSHCHFBOYK MB-5 CHSHCHSCHYMUS UETSHESHOSCHK DEZHELF NBYOSCH - CHSHCHUPLBS FENRETBFKHTB CH LBVYOE MEFUYLB (PV LFPN S TBUULBTTSKH YUHFSH RPPTSE), B X ZH-82, UHDS RP PFЪSCCHBN RYMPFPCH ukh-2 U RPIPTSEK UYMPCHPK KHUFBOPCHLPK, LFPZP OE VShchMP.

Verpa Fchptyuyulha Vipztbzhia Ch Pvnpmeffpephpepepois N.Y. Zhdlpch kosyuyim h 1943 ZPDH RPUMAS Zyvelb Olbye 12 YAOS On the rides of the UBPPMEF ZH-1 "BTPLPVTB". h RTYLBYE olbr PF 3 YAMS RP LFPNH RPChPDH ZPCHPTYMPUSH, CH YUBUFOPUFY:

"rP ЪBLMAYUEOYA BCBTYKOPC LPNYUUYY, LBFBUFTPZHB RTPYЪPYMB YЪ-ЪB OYYLYI MEFOSHI LBYUEUFCH UBNPMEFB, RPMKHYYCHYYIUS CHUMEDUFCHYE RMPIPK LPNRPOPCHLY Y TSDB LPOUF THLFPTULYI PYYVPL, OBRTYNET, RETEFSCEMEEOYS ABOUT 1000 LZ, LPFPTPPE UCHYDEFEMSHUFCHHEF P OYLPK LCHBMYZHYLBGYY LPOUFTHLFPTB.

UYUFBS, UFP F. zHDLPCH n.y. LFPK TBVPFPK CHSHCHCHYM UCHPA OEUPUFPSFEMSHOPUFSH, LBL LPOUFTHLFPT, RTYLBYSHCHBA:

1. mYYYFSH zHDLPCHB n.y. ЪChBOYS zMBCHOPZP LPOUFTHLFPTB 2-K UFEREOY ЪBRTEFIFSH ENKH ЪBOINBFSHUS UBNPUFPSFEMSHOPK LPOUFTHLFPTULPK TBVPFPK.

2. mYuOSCHK UPUFBCH plv F. zKhDLPChB n.y. RETECHEUFY CH plv mBChPYULYOB. (fFP VSHMB CHFPTBS CHPMOB UREGYBMYUFPCH, RETCHSCHI FTEI LPOUFTHLFPTPCH PF zKHDLPCHB - EZP lv OBIPDIMPUSH ABOUT FETTYFPTYY UBCHPDB No. 156 - RETECHEMY CH zPTSHLYK CH UEOFSVTE 1942 ZPDB)

3. ABOUT BUYFSH F. ZHDLPCHB N.Y. JBNEUFFYFEMEN OYUBMSHOILB pfl JBCHPDB No. 84".

ъBVEZBS CHRETED, ULBTSKH, YuFP CHULPTE RPUME CHPKOSH KHYEM YI TSYOY zPTVKHOPCH, KhFPOHCH CH nPULPCHULPN NPTE, B zKHDLPCH CHETOHMUS L LPOUFTHLFPTULPK DEFEMSHOPUFY.

OP CHETOENUS CH 1942 ZPD. rTY RPDZPFPCHLE L UETYKOPNH RTPYCHPDUFCHH UBNPMEFSCH UP ЪCHEDPPVTTBOSCHN NPFPTPPN PVPOBYUBMYUSH UOBYUBMB LBL mbzz-3 n-82 (h DPLHNEOFBI UBNPMEF YOPZDB PVPOBYUB MUS FBLCE m-82. rPMSHЪKHSUSH UMHUBEN, OBDP ULBUBFSH, YUFP EEE TBOSHYE (CH RTYLBYE olbr PF 25 BRTEMS 1941 ZPDB) RPD PVPOBYOOYEN m-5 ZHYZHTYTPCHBM mBzz-3 No. 3121121 U DCHHNS OZOEFBFEMSNY fTEULY-OB. chYDYNP, YODELU "m" OE YFP YOPE, LBL ЪBCHPDULPE PVPOBYOOYE UBNPMEFPCH, UPЪDBCHBCHYIUS CH zPTSHLPN RPD THLPCHPDUFCHPN mbChPYULYOB.), B ЪBFEN mbz-5. pV LFPN UCHYDEFEMSHUFCHHAF "UYOSHLY" FEIOYUUEULYI PRYUBOYK YUFTEVYFEMS ЪБЧПДБ No. 21. rPUMEDOSS, RPDRYUBOOBS CH REYUBFSH PUEOSH 1942 ZPDB, CHYDYNP, VSHMB UCHSBOB U CHPNPTSOSCHN "DKhFPN" mbChPYULYO - zPTVHOPCH.

h OBYUBME YAOS ABOUT UBCHPD UPUFPSMPUSH UPCHEEBOIE RP CHPRPTPUKH TBCHETFSHCHBOYS UETYKOPZP RTPYCHPDUFCHB mbzz-3 U DCHYZBFEMEN n-82, ZDE PFNEYUBMPUSH, YuFP KHUFBOPCHLB NFPPTTB CHPDKH YOPZP PIMBTSDEOOYS RTYCHEMB L EBNEOE ABOUT OPCHSHE PTHDYKOSHCHK MBZHEF, FPRMYCHOKHA Y NBUMSOKHA UYUFENSCH, CHCHIMPROSCH LPMMELFPTSCH, UYUFENKH KHRTBCHMEOYS UBNPMEFPN Y RTYVPTOKHA DPULH MEFUILB. yЪNEOYMBUSH LPOUFTHLGYS ZHAYEMSTSB Y GEOFTPRMBOB. xCHEMYYUMBUSH DPMS DEFBMEK YЪ BMANYOYECHSHI URMBCHPCH. bFP RPFTEVPCHBMP UKHEEUFCHOOOP RETEUNPFTEFSH FEYOPMPZYUEULYK RTPGEUU RTPYCHPDUFCHB NBYOSCH YYZPFPCHMEOYS OPCHCHI UFBREMEK Y PUOBUFLY.

RETCHSHCHE DECHSFSH MBZZ-5 (MBZ-5), PVMEFBOOSCHI ЪBCHPDULYN MEFYUYLPN b.v.vPMSHYBLPCHSHCHN, ЪBLBYUYL RPMKHYUYM CH UEOFSVTE, B CHUEZP ЪBCHPD RPUFTPM 21 YUFTEVYFEMSH RPD LFYN PVPOBYEOYEN. UETYKOSHCHN MBZZ-5 RPFSTSEMEMY RP UTBCHOEYA U PRSHCHFOSCHN DP 3376 LZ. OP L LPOGKH ZPDB, LBL UMEDHEF YЪ PFUEFB ЪБЧПДБ No. 21 ЪБ 1942 ZPD, CHEU MB-5 UOYYMY DP 3200 LZ. ьФПЗП ХДБМПУШ ДПВИФШУС, Х UBUFOPUFY, RETEIPDPN ABOUT FTEIVBLPCHHA FPRMYCHOHA UYUFENKH, ЪББNEOPK PDOPK RHYLY ychbl RKHMENEFPN VU Y PFLBЪPN PF RTPFELFYTPCHBOOSCHI VEOЪP VBLPC (ЪBEIFB RPUMEDOYI U RPNPESHA TEYOPCHPZP RTPFELFPTTB PLBBBMBUSH, LBL RPLBYPSCHBM PRSHCHF CHPKOSHCH, OEBZHZHELFYCHOPK PF UOBTSDPCH BCHYBGYPOOSHI RKHYEL).

y BCHZKHUFB 1942 ZPDB CHUE OPCHSHCHE NBYOSCH UFBMY LPNRMELFPCHBFSH TBDYPRTYENOILBNY, B LBTSDSCHK FTEFYK - TBDYPUFBOGYSNY tui-4. rPSCHYMYUSH RETCHSHE NBYOSCH U TBDYPRPMHLPNRBUBNY trl-10, OBYUYFEMSHOP KHMHYYYCHYNYY PTYEOFBGYA MEFUYOLPCH, PUPVEOOOP CH RMPIYI NEFEPHUMPCHYSI, OP DMS KHUFBOPCHLY ABOUT CHUE NBYOSCH YI OE ICHBFBMP.

YNES RTEINHEEUFCHP CH ULPTPUFY RETED mBzz-3, mBzz-5 YNEM Y OEDPUFBFLY. MEFYULY PFNEYUBMY, UFP RTY CHSHCHIPDE YY RYLYTPCHBOYS RTYIPDYMPUSH RTYILMBDSCHBFSH L THYULE KHRTBCHMEOYS UMYYLPN VPMSHYYE KHUIMYS, ABOUT ULPTPUFSI UCHCHIE 350 LN/YU OE PFLTSCHCHBMUS ZHPOBTSH LBVYOSCH, YЪ-ЪB YuEZP RTYIPDYMPUSH CH VPA EZP DETSBFSH PFLTSCHFSHCHN, B LFP - RPFETS ULPTPUFY, OBNOPZP IHTSE VSHMB CHEOFYMSGYS LBVIOSCH.

zPChPTS P UPЪDBFEMSI UBNPMEFB, OEMSHЪS PVPKFY NPMYUBOYEN Y FEY, LFP FTHDYMUS ABOUT UETYKOPN RTPYCHPDUFCHE. "LBTSDSHCHE UHFLY CH TSYЪ LPMMELFYCHB, - TBUULBYSCHCHBM VSCHCHYYK OBYUBMSHOIL UVPTPYuOPZP GEIB ЪBCHPDB No. 21 u.BKYYL, - VSHMY VPZBFSH RTYNETBNY RBFTYPFYЪNB Y UBNPPF CHETTSEOOPZP FTHDB.rP RPYUYOH RBTFYKOPC PTZBOYBGYY ABOUT UBCHPD RTYNEOMY RPFPYUOKHA UYUFENKH U LPOCHEKETPN PVEEK UVPTLY.fP RPЪCHPMYMP RTPYCHPDYFSH ABOUT YNEAENUS PVPT HDHRBOY VPMSHYE UBNPMEFPCH NEOSHYYN YUUMPN TBVPYYI.h GEIBI ETSEDOECHOP RPDCHPDYMYUSH YFPZY UPGYBMYUFYUEULPZP UPTECHOPCHBOYS, Y LBTSDSCHE UHFLY ЪBZPTBMYUSH LTBUOSCH ЪCHEDSCH CHCH RPMOEOYS UNOOOPZP ЪBDBOYS.

zTBZHYL UFBM OERTELMPOOSCHN ЪBLPOPN DMS LPMMELFYCHB ЪBLPMB. TBGYPOBMYBFPTSCH RTEDMPTSYMY KHUPCHETYOUFCHPCHBOOKHA RTPFYCHPRPTSBTOKHA RETEZPTPDLH U TBYAENBNY DMS NBUMP-, VEOЪP-Y ChPЪDKHYOPK RTPCHPDPL. FEIOPMPZY OBUMY URPUPV KHMKHYUYYFSH LBYUEUFCHP Y UPLTBFYFSH ЪBFTBFSCH FTHDB ABOUT ULMEKLH Y UKHYLKH DETECHSOOPZP ZHAYEMSTSB. chNEUFP ZCHP'DECHPZP NEFPDB ULMEKLY POY RTEDMPTSYMY YURPMSH'PCHBFSH RTEUUSCH, B UKHYLKH KHULPTYMY LMELFTPRPDZTECHPN. h YFPZE RTPYCHPDYFEMSHOPUFSH TSDB GEIPCH CHPTPUMB CH 2-5 TB".

OBDP ULBUBFSH, YuFP DCHYZBFEMY n-82, LPFPTSCHE CH VPMSHYPN LPMYUEUFCHE YNEMYUSH ABOUT NPFPTOPN UBCHPDE, RPЪCHPMYMY OE FPMSHLP TEOLLP KHMKHYUYFSH IBTBLFETYUFYLY VPECHPK NBYOSCH, OP Y URPUPVUFCHBMY VPMEE TYFNYYUOPNH CHSHCHRHULH MB-5, CH FP CHTENS LBL CH RPUFBCHLBI DCHYZBFEMEK n-105, YURPMSHЪPCHBCHYIUS OB YUFTEVYFEMSI "SL", VPNVBTDYTPCHAILBI rE-2 Y et-2 VSHMY RPUFPSOOSHE RETEVPY.

rTYLBBPN olbr PF 8 UEOFSVTS 1942 ZPDB YUFTEVYFEMA RTYUCHPYMY PVPOBYEOYE MB-5.

oEUNPFTS ABOUT FP YFP PUEOSH 1942 ZPDB UBNPMEFSCH MB-5 PE CHUE CHPTBUFBAEYI LPMYUEUFCHBI YMY ABOUT ZHTPOF, YI MEFOSH IBTBLFETYUFYLY PUFBCHMSMY CEMBFSH MHYUYEZP. lPOUFTHLFPTSCH Y FEIOMPMPZY RPUFPSOOP YULBMY RKhFY RPCCHCHYEOYS LBUEUFCHB UCHPEK RTPDHLGYY Y RSHCHFBMYUSH DPVYFSHUS ITS UPPFCHEFUFCHYS RPUFBOPCHMEOYSN zlp. zPUKhDBTUFCHEOOSCHK LPNYFEF PVPTPPOSH 16 OPSVTS 1942 ZPDB PVSЪBM ЪБЧПД No. 21 RTEDYASCHYFSH ABOUT YURSHCHFBOYS MB-5 U RPMEFOSCHN CHUEPN 3100 LZ, B URKHUFS 23 DOS RPFTEVPCHBM KHUFBOPCHYFSH ABOUT YUFTEVYFEMSH NPFPT n-82zh.

DMS PLBBBOYS FEIOYUUEULPK RPNPEY ABOUT UBCHPD No. 99 H xMBO-khD PFLPNBODITPCHBMY YЪ zPTSHLPZP 50 UREGYBMYUFPCH. lTPNE FPZP, ABOUT NPULPCHULIK ЪБЧПД No. 381 Y CH KHMBO-KHD ZPTSHLPCHULYE UBNPMEFPUFTPIFEMY CH 1942 ZPDH RPUFBCHYMY TPUUSCHRSHA 40 LPNRMELPCH MB-5.

ch 1943 ZPDH ABOUT ЪБЧПДЭ Х зПТШЛПН ПТЗБОВЪПЧБМІ РПФПУОПЭ РППЪЧПДУФЧП MB-5 Y CH UKHFLY YЪ UVPTPYUOPZP GEIB CHSHLBFSHCHBMY DP 16 NBYO. rPFPYUOBS MYOYS RPJCHPMYMB KHCHEMYUYFSH OE FPMSHLP RTPYCHPDYFEMSHOPUFSH FTHDB, OP Y LBYUEUFChP LPOFTPMS UVPTLY NBYO.

MB-5 VSCHM, VEKHUMPCHOP, OBYUYFEMSHOSCHN DPUFYTSEOYEN PFEYUEUFCHEOOPK BCHYBRTPNSCHYMEOOPUFY, OP ON RPSCHYMUS U PRPBDBOYEN. l FPNKH CHTENEY KH RTPFPYCHOILB YNEMUS YUFTEVYFEMSH Me-109G-2, UOBYUBMB "RSFYFPYUOSCHK", B ЪBFEN PVMESYUEOOOSCHK "FTEIFPUEYUOSCHK" - U RHYLPK Y DCHHNS RKHMENEFBNY. chPTPUYBS NPEOPUFSH NPFPTB "NEUUETYNYFFB" UDEMBMB UCHPE DEMP, OBYUYFEMSHOP KHMKHYUYMBUSH OE FPMSHLP ZPTYPOFBMSHOBS, OP Y CHETFILBMSHOBS ULPTPUFSH.

YURSHCHFBOYS Me-109G-2 Ch oiy chchu Y RPUMEDHAEYE VPY RPD uFBMYOZTBDPN RPLBJBMY RPYUFY RPMOPE RTECHPUIPDUFChP "OENGB", ЪB YULMAYUEOYEN ZPTYЪPOFBMSHOPZP NBOECHTB, OBD MB-5 , PUPVEOOOP ABOUT CHCHUPFBI DP 3000 N. lBL ЪDEUSH OE CHURPNOYFSH TBURBCHYYKUS "FTYKHNCHYTBF". eUMY VSC zHDLLPCH OE YUYOMY RTERSFUFCHYK U zH-82 CH FPF RPUMEDOYK RTEDCHPEOOOSCHK ZPD, FP Y mbzz-3 U NPFPTPN n-82, UPFOY LENRMSTCH LPFPTPZP OE CHPUFTEVPPCHBOOSCHNY ME CBMY ABOUT ULMBDBBI BCHYBNPFPTOPZP ЪБЧПДБ, Refinery VShCH HTSEL L 1942 ZPDH ULBUBFSH ЪBNEFOPE UMPChP ABOUT ZHTPOFBI CHEMYLPK pFEYUEUFCHOOOPK CHPKOSHCH.

pVMBDBS CHSHCHUPLYNY MEFOSHNY IBTBLFETYUFYLBNY, MB-5 YNEM OENBMP FBL Y OEKHUFTBOOOOSCHI DEZHELPCH. fBL, RP PVTBЪOPNH CHSTBTTSEOYA CHPEOOZP MEFYUILB, B CHRPUMEDUFCHYY YJCHEUFOPZP RYUBFEMS boOBFPMYS nBTLKHYY, "MEFYUYLPCH NHYUYMB BZHTYLBOULBS TsBTB Ch LBVYOE, B RPDPYCHSHCH UETS BOFULYI LITEBUEK URELBMYUSH Y FTEULBMYUSH RPUME DEUSFY RPMEFPCH."

oEUNPFTS ABOUT PVSHYUOSCHK DMS OPCHPZP UBNPMEFB "VHLEF" OEDPUFBFLPC, U YAMS RP PLFSVTSH 1942 ZPDB RTPYPYMB FPMSHLP PDOB LBFBUFTPZHB MB-5. pFNEYUBMYUSH 14 RPMNPPL YBUUY, CH PUOPCHOPN ICHPUFPCHPK PRPTSHCH, Y 203 RTPUFPS NBYO. rPUMEDOYE VSHCHMY UCHSBOSCH ZMBCHOSCHN PVTBBPN U FTEEYOBNY CH LPMSHGECHPN LBRPFE DCHYZBFEMS, U RTPZBTPN CHCHIMPROSHI RBFTKHVLPCH, FEYUSHA VEOЪP-Y NBUMPVBLPCH, B FBLCE MAJFPN THMS CHCHUPFSHCH.

dMS UTBCHOEOYS PFNEYUKH, YuFP ЪB FPF CE RETYPD RTPYЪPYMP YUEFSHTE LBFBUFTPZHSCH SL-7, 38 EZP RPMNPPL Y 185 RTPUFPECH VPECHSHHI NBYO. p FPN, ULPMSHLP MB-5 Y SL-7 CH FPF RETYPD OBIPDIMPUSH ABOUT ZHTPOF, NOE OEYJCHEUFOP, ЪOBA MYYSH, YUFP DP LPOGB 1942 ZPDB CHSHCHRKHUFYMY 2431 sL-7 Y 1131 MB-5.

31 NBS 1943 ZPDB Ch 32-N ZChBTDEKULPN BCHYBRPMLKH RPFETREM LBFBUFTPZHKH MB-5, LPFPTSCHK CHYYEM CH RMPULYK RETECHETOKHFSCHK YFPRPT. UTBH TSE RPUME LFPPZP MB-5 U n-82 YURSHCHFBMY ABOUT YFPRPT Ch myy. lBL CHSHCHSUOYMPUSH, RTY ZTHVSHCHI PYYVLBY CH RYMPFYTPCHBOY YUFTEVYFEMSH RPRBDBM CH RETECHETOKHFSCHK YFPRPT, PDOBLP ABOUT CHCHUPFBI UCHCHIELS 1500 N LBL RETECHETOKHFSCHK, FBL Y OPTNBMSHOSHCHK YF PRPT VSHMY VEJPRBUOSCH. rP YFPZBN YUUMEDPCHBOYK DMS MEFUYLPCH UPUFBCHYMY YOUFTHLGYA RP RYMPFYTPCHBOYA MB-5 CH RETECHETOKHFPN YFPRPTE.

PE CHTENS CHPKULPCHSHCHI YURSHCHFBOYK MB-5 CHSHCHSUOYMPUSH, YuFP MEFYUYLY CH VPA LURMKHBFYTPCHBMY NPFPT, UFP OBSCHCHBEFUS ABOUT RPMOKHA "LBFKHYLKH". PE CHTENS VPS YN OELPZDB VSHMP ЪBOYNBFSHUS TEZKHMYTPCHLPK FENRETBFKhTSCH DCHYZBFEMS Y NBUMB, RETELMAYUBFSH ULPTPUFY OZOEFBFEMS, DB Y DCHYZBFEMSH RPDYUBU TBVPFBM ABOUT RTEDEMSHOSHI PV PTPFBI STUDENTS DPRKHUFYNPZP READING. chYDYNP, LFP PVUFPSFEMSHUFChP RPUMKHTSYMP RTYYUYOPK DPChPMSHOP VSHUFTPZP RPSCHMEOYS NPDYZHYGYTPCHBOOPZP DCHYZBFEMS n-82zh. h UPPFCHEFUFCHYY U PLFSVTSHULIN RTYLBUBPN olbr RTEDRYUSCHCHBMPUSH RPUFTPIFSH DCH NBYOSCH U RPMEFOSCHN CHUPN 3000 LZ, CHPPTHTSEOOSCHI RHYLPK ychbl Y RKHMENEFPN vu. RETCHSHCHK YUFTEVYFEMSH FTEVPCHBMPUSH RETEDBFSH ABOUT ZPUKHDBTUFCHEOOSCH YURSHCHFBOYS L 1 OPSVTS 1942 ZPDB, B CHFPTK - URKHUFS 19 DOEC.

chЪMEFOBS NPEOPUFSH n-82zh, RP UTBCHOYA U RTEDYUFCHEOILPN, OE YЪNEOYMBUSH, OP UKHEEUFChPCHBCHYK LTBFLPCHTENEOOOSCHK NBLUINBMSHOSHCHK TETSYN UFBM ZBLFYUEULY OPNYOBMSHOSHCHN . ьФБ, ЛБББМПУШ ВШ, ОЭВПМШИБС ДПТБВПФЛБ, РПьЧПМИМБ ОЭ ФПМШЛП KHMKHYUYYFSH MEFOSCH IBTBLFETYUFYLY NBYOSCH, OP Y PVMEZYUMB CHEDEOYE UPS ABOUT RPCHSHCHYEOOPN TETSYNE TBVPFSCH NPFPTB, NEOSHIE PFCHMELBS MEFUYLB DMS LPOFTPMS ЪB TBVPFPK UYMPCHPK KHUFBOPCHLY.

dMS DPUFYTSEOYS ЪBDBOOPK ULPTPUFY ABOUT MB-5 No. 37210840 Y TSD DTHZYI DPTBVPFPL. h YFPZE UBNPMEF RPLBBM X ENMY ULPTPUFSH 565 LN/YU, B ABOUT CHCHUPFE - 590 LN/YU.

ABOUT LBRPFBI UBNPMEFPCH U OCHSHCHNY DCHYZBFEMSNY RPSCHYMPUSH PVPOBYOOYE - VHLCHB "zh" CH UCHEFMPN LTHTSPULE, B CH UETYKOPN RTPYCHPDUFCHE ON PUFBMUS "FYRPN 37". chOKHFTEOOYNY PFMYYUSNY MB-5zh, LTPNE NPFPTB, UFBMY FTEIVBLPCHBS FPRMYCHOBS UYUFENB Y VPMEE FPOLBS VTPOEURYOLB (8.5 NN). bFP, CH UPCHPLKHROPUFY U OERPMOPK ЪBRTBCHLPK FPRMYCHPN, RPЪCHPMYMP UOYYFSH RPMEFOSHCHK CHEU YUFTEVYFEMS Y KHMHYUYYFSH EZP NBOECHTEOOPUFSH, PUPVEOOOP ABOUT CHETFILBMSI.

h BCHZKHUFE 1942 ZPDB CH OEVE RPD uFBMYOZTBDPN OENEGLYE MEFYUYLY CHRETCHE CHUFTEFYMYUSH U OEOBLPNSCHN UPCHEFULYN YUFTEVYFEMEN. ULTPFEYUOPUFSH CHP'DKHYOPZP VPS OE RP'CHPMYMB YN CHOINBFEMSHOP TBUUNPFTEFSH NBYOKH, Y'DBMELB OBRPNYOBCHYKHA CHUE TETE CHUFTEYUBCHYYEUS CH OEVE y-16. yNEOOP LFP UIPDUFCHP U PDOYN YI MHYUYI UPCHEFULYI YUFTEVYFEMEK RTEDCHPEOOSCHI MEF, RPMHYYCHYEZP UTEDY OENEGLYI RYMPFPCH EEE CH YURBOYY RTPJCHYEE "LTSHCHUB", RTYCHAMP L RTEDRP MPTSEOYA, SFP POY UFPMLOHMYUSH U EZP OPChPK NPDYZHYLBGYEK, OBCHBOOPC "oPChBS LTSHUB".

h DEKUFCHYFEMSHOPUFY LFP VSHCHMY RETCHSHCHE UPCHEFULYE MB-5 (mbz-5), RTPIPPDYYE CHPKULPCHSHCHE YURSHCHFBOYS CH 49-N LTBUOPOBNEOOOPN ybr 234-K BCHYBDYCHYYYY 1-K CHP'DKHYOPK BT NYY. y 14 RP 24 BCHZKHUFB 19 mbz-5 UPCHETYYMYY 180 VPECHI CHSHCHMEFPCH, OBMEFBC 130 YUBUPCH. h 27 CHP'DKHYOSCHI VPSI MEFUYIL RPMLB UVYMY 16 UBNPMEFPCH RTPFPYCHOILB. h RPMLKH ЪБ БФП CHTENS VSHMP UVYFP RSFSH mbz-5, DCHB OE CHETOHMYUSH U VPECHPZP ЪBDBOYS (UBNPMEFSH No. 37310104 Y 37210208), YuEFSHTE RPFETREMY BCHBTYA, VKHDHYU RPDVY FSH CH CHP'DKHYOSCHI VPSI, PDYO RPFETREM BCHBTYA YЪ-ЪB TBTHYEOYS CHFKHMLY ZMBCHOPZP YBFHOB DCHYZBFEMS Y PDYO JJ MEFUYLPCH

22 BCHZKHUFB 1942 ZPDB FBTBOYM OENEGLYK Ju-88, TBVYCH RTY LFPN Y UCHPK UBNPMEF.

rP PFЪSCCHBN MEFUYLPCH 49-ZP ybr, MBZ-5 CH VPECHSHI KHUMPCHISI RPLBЪBM IPTPYE TEKHMSHFBFSCH, B CHSHUPLYE RPFETY VSHMY UCHSBOSCH U OEDPUFBFPYuOSCHN PUCHPEOYEN NBFETYBMSHOP TO YUBUFIY OERPMOSCHN YURPMSHЪPCHBOYEN VPECHSHI LBYUEUFCH NBYOSCH. Obrtynet, ChFPTBS ULPTPUFSH RTICHPZP Geoftpvetsopzp NPFPTB CHLMAUBMBUBMBUSH ONEPUPF 3800 N, B Chopechbfsh RTYIPDYMPUSHEAEUFCEOOOP Obchopepe 2000 BPHPHTNPCP Bchibgyy Bagpuopk, b -fbrevoi chips chopul Puhaeufchmpush DDPK ZtkhrPK, RP Chechtbzeia LPNBODPCHBOBIS RPMLB, VSHMP Vuztbnpfoshn.

h CHP'DKHYOSCHI VPSI RTY OBVPTE CHSHUPFSCH ABOUT VPMSHYI ULPTPUFS Me-109F PF mbz-5 OE PFTSHCHBMUS, B ABOUT NBMSHCH ULPTPUFSI YI-YB VPMSHYEZP CHEB mbz-5 CH RETCHSHCHK NPNEOF PFUFBCHBM, B ЪBFEN UTBCHOYCHBMUS U OIN RP ULPTPRPDYENOPUFY. ABOUT CHYTBTSBI ABOUT YUFTEVYFEMSH ЪBIPDYM CH ICHPUF "NEUUUETH", FBL LBL TBDIKHU CHYTBTSB RPUMEDOEZP VSHM VPMSHYE. zPTYPOFBMSHOSHE ULPTPUFY OBEZP Y OENEGLPZP UBNPMEFPCH VSHMY PDYOBLPCHSHCH, OP ABOUT RILYTPCHBOYY MBZ-5 MEPHEME VSHCHUFTEE. chPPTHTSEOYE OPChPZP UPCHEFULPZP YUFTEVYFEMS CHRPMOE KHUFTBYCHBMP ChP'DKHYOSCHI VPKGPC.

lTPNE KHUMPTSOYCHYEKUS FEIOILY RYMPFYTPCHBOYS YUFTEVYFEMS YЪ-ЪB VPMSHYPZP CHEB (3300 LZ) Y OEDPUFBFPYUSHI LPNREOUBFPTPCH THMEK RP UTBCHOEOYA U mbzz-3 Y SL-1, CHSHCHCH YMYUSH Y LPOUFTHLFYCHOSHE OEDPUFBFLY. OBRTYNET, PFNEYUEOSCH DCHB UMKHYUBS UTSHCHB NPFPTOSHYY VPLPCHSHCHI LBRPFPCH, OE RPMOPUFSHA CHSHCHRHULBMPUSH LPUFSHMSHOPE LPMEUP, UMKHYUBMYUSH FEYUY VEOЪP-Y NBUMPVBLPCH RP UCHBTOSCHN YCH BN, RPUME 20 YUBUPCH TBVPFSH RTPZPTBMY CHCHIMSINKER LPMMELFPTSH. UHEEUFCHEOOSCHN RTEINHEEUFCHPN mbz-5 RETED mbzz-3 Y sL-1 VShchMB ЪBEIFB RETEDOEK RPMKHUZHETSCH ЪCHEDPPVTTBOSCHN NPFPTPPN ChPЪDKHYOPZP PIMBTSDEOOYS. TsYCHHYUEUFSH UBNPMEFB KHCHEMYYUMBUSH.

yjcheufosch UMKHYUBY, LPZDB CH ChP'DKHYOPN VPA RKHYYUOSCHN PZOEN RTPFYCHOILB VSHMY RTPVYFSCH CHUBUSCHCHBAEIK Y CHCHIMPROPK RBFTKHVLY PDOPZP GYMYODTB Y LTSCHYLY LMBRBOOSCHI LPTPVPL, Ch PJDKHYOSCHK CHYOF, RPZOKHFSCH TEVTB GYMYODTPCH. y CHUE TSE UBNPMEFSH VMBZPRPMHYUOP RTYENMSMYUSH ABOUT UCHPEN BTPDTPNE y CHULPTE YI CHPUUFBOBCHMYCHBMY.

rTY CHSHCHRPMOEEY VPECHSHI ЪBDBOYK NPFPTSCH CH PUOPCHOPN TBVPFBMY ABOUT OPNYOBMSHOPN Y ZHPTUITPCHBOOPN TETSYNBI, RTYYUEN ABOUT RPUMEDOEN RPTPC DP 10-13 NYOHF, CH FP CHTENS LBL YOUFTHLG YEK DPRHULBMPUSH OE VPMEE 5 NYOHF. FEN OE NEOEE RTBLFYUEULY CHUE DCHYZBFEMY TBVPFBMY OPTNBMSHOP. h CHCHCHPDBI DPLMBDB THLPCHPDUFCHB oyy chchu ZMBCHOPNH YOTSEOETH chchu b.l.TERYOH PFNEYUBMPUSH: "RETCHCHK PRSHCHF LURMKHBFBGYY NPFPTPCH n-82 CH VPECHSHHI HUMPCHYSI ABOUT UBNPMEFBI-YUFTEVY FEMSI RPLBYUYUEULYK UPUFBCH DBAF RPMPTSYFEMSHOHA PGEOLKH UBNPMEFKH mbz-5 U NPFPTPN n- 82 LBL RP OBDETSOPUFY TBVPFSH NPFPTB, FBL Y RP KHIPDH Y LURMKHBFBGYY NPFPTB ABOUT ENME..."

DEVAF MB-5 UPUFPSMUS PUEOSH 1942 ZPDB CH UBNPN OBYUBME VYFCHSHCH ABOUT CHPMZE. rP ьФПНХ РПЧПДХ МЭФУИЛІ 5-ЗП zjbr Ch RYUSHNE UBNPMEFPUFTPYFEMSN ЪБЧПДБ No. 21 UPPVEBMY:

"OBY ZCHBTDEKULYK YUFTEVYFEMSHOSHCHK BCYBRPML DETEFUS U ZHBIYUFULY UFETCHSFOLBNY ABOUT UBNPMEFBI FYRB MB-5, CHSHCHRHEEOOSCHI CHBYN ЪBCHPDPN. MEFYUILY-ZCHBTDEKGSCH DPCHPMSHO ShchBYYNYY UBNPMEFBNY ​​ZPTSYUP VMBZPDBTSF ЪB UBNPPFCHETTSEOOSCHK FTHD. h ChPЪDKHYOSCHI VPSI U ZHBUYUFULYY UBNPMEFBNY ​​MB-5 RPLBЪBM UEVS YULMAYUYFEMSHOP U IPTPYEK UFPTPOSH. nBYYOB RTPUFB CH RYMPFYTPCHBOYY, KHUFPKYYCHB Y CHSHCHOPUMYCHB. BI ZCHBTDEKGSCH-MEFYUYYLY OBEZP RPMLB FPMSHLP ЪB NEUSG UVYMY 47 ZHBUYUFULYI UBNPMEFPCH, OE RPFETCH UCHPEZP OH PDOPZP."

OBZMSDOSHCHN RTYNETPN RTYNEOOYS YUFTEVYFEMS MB-5 NPTSEF UMKHTSYFSH VPECHPK PRSHCHF 13-ZP Y 437-ZP YUFTEVYFEMSHOSHI BCHYBRPMLPCH 201-K ​​BCHYBDYCHYYY, DEKUFCHPCHBCHYEK RPD uFBMYOZTBDPN. bFPF PRSHCHF PVPVEIM r.n.vPKLPCH CH LOYZE "about ZMBCHOSHI OBRTBCHMEOSI".

hCE CH OPSVTE 1942 ZPDB OENEGLBS BCHYBGYS TEILLP BLFYCHYYTPCHBMB VPECHA TBVPFKH. h UCHSY U LFYN LPNBODHAYK 8-K ChPЪDKHYOPK BTNYY CHCHEM h VPK 2-K UNEYBOOSCHK BCHYBLPTRKHU, LKhDB CHIPDIMB Y 201 bd. pDOBTDSCH, RTYLTSHCHBS RETERTBCHH Yuete ChPMZH, DCH RBTSH MB-5, CHEDPNSHCHE LBRYFBOPN y.y.feooylpchshchn, CHUFTEFYMY 12 VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLPCH Ju-88, RTYLTSHCHCHBENSHI YEUFETLPK Me- 109. TBVYCHYYUSH ABOUT RBTSCH, UPCHEFULYE MEFYUYLY TBUUFTPYMY VPECHPK RPTSDPL OENGECH, UVYCH FTY Y RPCTEDYCH DCH NBYOSCH. lBBBMPUSH, VPK PLPOYUEO, OP CH LFP CHTENS L RETERTBCHE RPDPUREMB EEE DECHSFLB DCHHINPFPTOSHHI NE-110 YUEFCHETLB Me-109. h FYI VPSI RTPFYCHOIL OE DPYUYFBMUS YEUFY UBNPMEFPCH, Y FTY YI OYI RTYYMYUSH ABOUT DPMA FEOOILPCHB, RTYUEN PDYO nE-110 PFCHBTTSOSCHK MEFYUYL HOYUFPTSYM FBTBOOSCHN HDBTPN, RTY LFPN UBN PUFBMUS CYCH.

24 OPSVTS CHPUSHNETLB MB-5 13-ZP ybr PE ZMBCHE U mSHCHYLPCHSHCHN, RTYLTSHCHBS YFKHTNPCHYLY YM-2, UTBTSBMBUSH UOBYUBMB U YUEFSHTSHNS, B ЪBFEN U DCHEOBDGBFSHA Me-109. sing HOYUFPTSYMY RSFSH UBNPMEFPCH RTPFPYCHOILB, OE RPFETSCHOY PDOPZP UCHPEZP. dChB DOS URKHUFS YUEFCHETLB MB-5, CHSHRPMOSS BOBMPZYUOKHA ЪBDBUKH, KHOYUFPTSYMB FTY Me-109, RPFETCH MYYSH PDYO UCHPK YUFTEVYFEMSH, UPCHETYCHYYK CHSCHOKHTSDEOOKHA RPUBDLH.

OE NEOEE TE'HMSHFBFYCHOP DEKUFCHPCHBMY Y MEFUYIL 437-ZP ybr. 1 DELBVTS CHPUENSH MB-5, CHPZMBCHMSENSHI LBRYFBOPN ch.o.pTMPCHSHCHN, CH CHPDKHYOPN VPA U DCHEOBDGBFSH YUFTEVYFEMSNY RTPFPYCHOILB OBD BTPDTPNPN zHNTBL UVYMB RSFSH NBYO. h FPF TSE DEOSH YUEFCHETLB MB-5 RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN UFBTYEZP MEKFEOBOFB y.ch.oPCHPTSYMPCHB TBUYUEEBMB DMS YFKHTNPCHYLPCH TBKPO YI RTEDUFPSEYI DEKUFCHYK Y ЪB RSFSH NYOHF UVY MB RSFSH UBNPMEFPCH RTPFPYCHOILB. OB UBNPMEFE MB-5 CH 1943 ZPDH PFLTSCHM VPECHPK UUEF y.o.lPTSEDHV, B OB NBYOYE, RPDBTEOOPK ENKH LPMIPYOILPN lPOECHCHN, DPCHEM YUUMP RPVED DP 45. bFP MY OE UCHYDEFEMSHUFChP CHCHUP LPK CHSHCHHYULY MEFUYLPCH Y IPTPYYI IBTBLFETYUFYL MB-5.

"chPЪDKHYOSCHE VPY" Ch oyy chchu NETSDH MB-5zh Y Me-109G-2 Y G-4 RPLBBBMY, YuFP RETCHSHCHK YNEM RTEINHEEUFCHB CH ULPTPRPDYAENOPUFY Y TBDIHUE CHYTBTSB DP CHSHUPFSHCH 6000 N, Ъ BIPDS CH ICHPUF OENGBN YUETE FTY-YUEFSHTE CHYTBCB. OE KHUFKHRBM MB-5ZH "NEUUUETYNYFFFBN" Y CH VPSI ABOUT CHETFYLBMSI, OP ЪDEUSH RTEINKHEEUFCHP DP CHSHUPFSHCH 3000 N VSHMP ABOUT UFPTPOE VPMEE PRSCHFOPZP Y YOYGYBFYCHOPZP RYMPFB. OE IHTSE PVUFPSMP DEMP Y CH VPA U FW 190A-4 Y b-5 - MB-5zh Y ЪDEUSH Refinery RPUFPSFSH ЪБ УЭВС.

h 1942 ZPDH ЪБЧПД No. 21 CHSHCHRKHULBM MB-5 U KHUFTPKUFCHBNY BCHBTYKOPZP UVTPUB ZHPOBTS LBL ABOUT mbzz-3, B U ZHECHTBMS 1943 ZPDB - MB-5zh UP UTEBOOSCHN ZBTZTPFPN ZHAYEMSTSB (LFP PVEUREYUYMP OEPVIPD YNSCHK PVЪPT ЪBDOEK RPMKHUZHETSCH), B FBLCE U RETEDOYN Y ЪBDOYN VTPOEUFELMBNY. zhTPOFPCHSHCHN MEFUYILBN RPUMEDOEE OPChPCHCHEDEOYE RPOTBCHYMPUSH, OP RPMOPUFSHHA RETEIPD ABOUT FBLPC ZHPOBTSH THLPCHPDUFCHP ЪБЧПДБ ЪБРМБОВИТПЧБМП ABOUT YAOSH. chchu LFP OE KHUFTBYCHBMP, Y OBYUBMSHOIL hRTBCHMEOYS ЪBLBBPCH chchu ZEOETBM bMELUEECH RPRTPUYM olbr KHULPTYFSH TEYEOYE DBOOZP ChPRPTUB Y OBYUBFSH UDBCHBFSH DPTBVPFBOOSHE MB-5ZH CH NB UUPCHSCHI LPMYUEUFCHBI HCE CH BRTEME.

PUEOSHA 1942 ZPDB YUVPTPYuOPZP GEIB ZPTSHLPCHULPZP BCHYBBBCHPDB CHSHLBFYMY Y 21 OPSVTS RTEDYASCHYMY ABOUT ZPUKHDBTUFCHEOOSCH YURSHCHFBOYS MB-5 No. 39210101 U NPFPTPN n-82zh. pVTBEBEF ABOUT UEWS CHOYNBOYE EZP PVPOBYEOYE "FYR 39"; CHUE RTEDYUFCHPCHBCHYE NBYOSCH MB-5 Y MB-5ZH RPLYDBMY UBCHPD LBL "FYR 37".

OPCCHK UBNPMEF VSHM PVMESUEOOOSCHN FTEIVBLPCHSHN YUFTEVYFEMEN U KHNEOSHYEOOOSCHN ZapZTPFPN. h EZP BTUEOBME VSHMY RKHYLB ychbl Y RKHMENEF ch. CHUE YYNEOOYS, CHOEOOOSCH OEZP, VSHMY RTEDCHBTYFEMSHOP "PVLBFBOSHCH" ABOUT UBNPMEFBI No. 37210850 Y No. 37210871.

h IPDE ZPUKHDBTUFCHEOOSCHI YURSHCHFBOYK KHUPCHETYEOUFCHPCHBOOPZP MB-5, ЪБЧетийЧийИУС Х SOCHBTE 1943 ZPDB, RPMKHYUMY NBLUINBMSHOKHA ULPTPUFSH 600 LN/YU ABOUT CHCHUPFE 6300 N Y 58 2 LN/YU OB 3600 N. bfp Vshchm OBYCHSCHUYK TEKHMSHFBF DMS mb-5 U NPFPTPN n-82zh, B UBNPMEF UFBM LBL VSC RETEIPDOSHCHN PF mb-5zh L mb-5zho.

11 DELBVTS 1942 ADB CH ZPTSHLPCHULPK REYUBFY RTPЪCHHYUBM RTYЪSCCH-PVTBEEOYE YULBMPCHULYI LPMIPJOYLPCH L FTKHDSEINUS PVMBUFY P RPUFTPKLE ULBDTYMSHY UBNPMEFPCH "chB METYK yLBMPCH". bFB BLGYS RPMKHYUMB PFLMYL Y CH BDTEU ЪБЧПДБ No. 21 UFBMY RPUFKHRBFSH UTEDUFCHB, ABOUT LPFPTSCHE YZPFPCHYMY STUDENTS 60 YUFTEVYFEMEK. h YFPZE ЪБДХНБOOБС УУЛБДТИМШС RTECHTBFYMBUSH CH RPMOPLTPCHOHA DYCHYYA.

rPDTPVOP VPECHBS TBVPFB YUFTEVYFEMEK U YNEOEN MEZEODBTOPZP MEFUYLB PRYUBOB CH LOYSE b.w. RETUIDULPZP "UULBDTYMSHS "chBMETYK yuLBMPCH"" (OYTSOYK oPChZPTPD, 1999 Z.). with TSE RTYCHEDH MYYSH UCHEDEOYS P RPMLBI, MEFBCHYI ABOUT FYI NBYOBI. RETCHSHCHE 17 MB-5 U OBDRYUSNY "chBMETYK yuLBMPCH" RPUFKHRYMY CH 4-K ZCHBTDEKULIK ybr lTBUOPOBNEOOOPZP vBMFYKULPZP ZHMPFB, VBYYTPCHBCHYKUS ABOUT BTPDTPNE "vSCHYUSHE RPME". ъBFEN 14 FBLYI CE UBNPMEFPCH (B U UETEDYOSCH 1943-ZP Y MB-5ZHO) RTYVSHCHMY CH 193-K ibr, RP 15 Y 10 NBYO - UPPFCHEFUFCHEOOP Ch 88-K ZCHBTDEKULYK ibr Y 254-K ibr. rP PDOPNKH YUFTEVYFEMA YUYUMYMPUSH CH 137-N Y 21-N ybrBI. yNEMYUSH UBNPMEFSHCH U OBDRYUSNY "chBMETYK YLBMPCH" CH 240-N, 13-N Y 111-N ZCHBTDEKULPN RPMLBI, OP FPYUOPE YI YUYUMP KHUFBOPCHYFSH OE HDBMPUSH.

lTBFLPE FEIOYUEULPE PRYUBOIE.

MB-5 - PDOPNPFPTOSHK DETECHSOOSCHK OYLPRMBO. lBL Y X mBzz-3, PUOPCHOSCHN LPOUFTHLGYPOOSCHN NBFETYBMPN RMBOETB VSHMB UPUOB. DMS YЪZPFPCHMEOYS MPOTSETPOPCH LTSHMB Y OELPFPTSCHI YRBOZPHFPCH YURPMSHЪPCHBMY DEMSHFB-DTECHEUYOKH. DETECHSOOSCH DEFBMY UBNPMEFB ULMEYCHBMY UNPMSOSHCHN LMEEN chybn-v-3 YMY LBTVBNYDOSHCHN ln-1.

lTSCHMP, OBVTBOOPE YЪ RTPZHYMEK NACA-23016 Y NACA-23010, FEIOPMPZYUEULY DEMYMPUSH ABOUT GEOFTPRMBO Y DCH DCHIMPOTSETPOOSCH LPOUPMY U ZhBOETOPK TBVPFBAEEK PVIYCHLPK. l FTHVE U RPNPESH NEFBMMYYUEULPK FPTGECHPK OETCHATCH LTERYMYUSH PUOPCHOSHE UFPKLY YBUUY. NETSDH MPOTSETPOBNY GEOFTPRMBOB VSHHMY CHSHLMEEOSCH YI ZHBOETSH LEUUPOSCH DMS VEOЪPVBLPCH, B CH OPUPCHPK YUBUFY OBIPDIMYUSH LHRPMB DMS LPMEU YBUUY.

lPOUPMY YNEMY KHZPM RPRETEUOPZP V=5°. mPOTSETPOSH - DETECHSOOSCH U RPMLBNY Y DEMSHFB-DTECHEUYOSCH (OB YUFTEVYFEMSI MB-5ZHO FYR 41 ЪБЧПДБ No. 21 OBYUBS U 1944 ZPDB KHUFBOBCHMYCHBMY NEFBMMYUEULYE MPOTSETPOSHCH.) l LPOUPMSN U ZHBOETK PVIYCHLPK LTERYMYUSH BCHFPNBFYUEULYE RTEDLTSHMLY, EIFLY-ЪBLTSCHMLY FYRB "yTEOL" Y BMETPOSH FYRB " ZhTBK" U DATBMECHSCHN LBTLBUPN, PVIYFSHCHE RETLBMSHA. ABOUT MECHPN BMETPOE YNEMUS FTYNNET. h RTPNETSKHFLE NETSDH RETCHPK Y UEDSHNPK OETCHATBNY LPOUPMEK TBURPMBZBMYUSH FPRMYCHOSHE VBLY.

ZHAYEMTS UPUFPSM YЪ NEFBMMYUEULPK RETEDOEK ZHETNSHCH Y DETECHSOOPZP NPOPLPLLB, CHSHRPMOEOOPZP ЪB PDOP GEMPE U LYMEN. EZP LBTLBU UPUFPSM YUEFSHTEI MPOTSETPOCH Y 15 YRBOZPHFPCH. JAJEMSTS OZMKHIP ULTERMEO U GEOFTPRMBOPN YUEFSHTSHNS UFBMSHOSCHNY KHMBNY. lBVYOB RYMPFB ЪBLTSCHFB UDCHYTSOSCHN ZHPOBTEN, UFPRPTSAINUS CH PFLTSCHFPN Y ЪBLTSCHFPN RPMPTSEOYSI. about YRBOZPHFE ЪB URYOLPK RYMPFB KHUFBOPCHMEOB VTPOS FPMEYOPK 8.5 NN.

zPTY'POFBMSHOPE PRETEOYE - UCHPVDOPOUHEEE, UFBVYMYYBFPT - DCHHIMPOTSETPOOSCHK, GEMSHOPDETECHSOOSCHK, U RHBOETOPK TBVPFBAEEK PVIYCHLPK. uFBVYMYBFPT UPUFPSM YJ DCHHI RPMPCHYO, LTERYCHYIUS L UYMPCHSHCHN BMENEOFBN ICHPUFPCHPK YUBUFY ZHAYEMSTSB. THMSH CHCHUPFSHCH U FTYNNETPN YNEM DATBMECHSCHK LBTLBU, PVIYFSHCHK RMPPFOPN, Y FBLCE UPUFPSM YЪ DCHHI RPMPCHYO.

yBUUY - HVYTBAEEUS, DCHHIPRPTOPPE U ICHPUFPCHSHCHN LPMEUPN. PUOPCHOSCHE PRPTSH YNEMY NBUMSOP-ROECHNBFYUEULYE BNPTFYBFPTSCH. PUOPCHOSCH LPMEUUB TBNETPN 650x200 NN YNEMY CHP'DKHYOPLBNETOSCH FPTNPJB. iCHPUFPCHBS UCHPVPDOPPTYEOFYTHAEBSSUS PRPTB KHVYTBMBUSH CH ZHAYEMSTS Y UOBVTSBMBUSH LPMEUPN TBNETPN 300x125 NN.

hRTBCHMEOYE UBNPMEFPN UNYBOOPE: BMETPOBNY - U RPNPESH TSEUFLYI FSZ, THMSNY CHSHUPFSHCHY RPCHPTPFB - FTPUPCHPE. hSHCHRHUL Y KHVPTLB YYFLPCH-ЪBLTSCHMLPCH PUHEEUFCHMSMYUSH U RPNPESH ZYDTPRTYCHPDB.

UYMPCHBS KHUFBOPCHLB UPUFPSMB YY ЪCHEDPPVTBOPZP DCHYZBFEMS CHPJDKHYOPZP PIMBTSDEOOYS n-82 Y FTEIMPRBUFOPZP CHIOFB YЪNEOSENPZP YBZB chy-105ch DYBNEFTPN 3.1 N. h SHIMPROSCH RBFTHVLY UPEDYOSMYUSH CH DCHB LPMMELFPTB TEBLFYCHOPZP FYRB. dMS TEZKHMYTPCHLY FENRETBFKHTSCH NPFPTB UMHTSYMY MPVPCHSHCHE TSBMAYY, TBURPMBZBCHYYEUS CH RETEDOEN LPMSHGE LBRPFB, Y DCHE UFCHPTLY RP VPLBN LBRPFB ЪB NPFPTPN. uPFPCHSHCHK NBUMPTBDYBFPT - RPD DCHYZBFEMEN, CH FHOOEME OITSOEK LTSHCHYLY LBRPFB. ABOUT CHSHCHIPDE FHOOOEMSH YNEM TEZKHMYTHENHA BUMPOLKH (UPCHPL). nPFPT ЪBRKHULBMUS UTSBFSHCHN CHPDKHIPN. nBUMSOSCHK VBL ENLPUFSHA 59 M TBNEEBMUS CH ZHAYEMTSCE CH NEUFE UFSHLB DETECHSOOPK YUBUFY Y NEFBMMYUEULPK ZHETNSHCH. zPTAYUEE PVYAENPN 539 M TBNEEBMPUSH CH FTEI GEOFTPRMBOOSH Y DCHHI LPOUMSHOSHI VBLBI.

chPPTHTSEOYE UPUFPSMP YJ DCHHI UYOITPOOSCHI RHOYEL ychbl (ur-20) LBMYVTB 20 NN (PVEYK VPEEBBRBU 340 RBFTPOCH) U ROECHNBFYUEULYN Y NEIBOYUEULYN RETEBTTSTSBOYEN Y LPMMY NBFPTOPPZP RTYGEMB rvr-la. ABOUT UBNPMEFBI MB-5ZHO KHUFBOBCHMYCHBMY LTSHMSHESCH VPNVPDETTSBFEMY, TBUUUYFBOOSCH ABOUT RPDCHULH VPNV LBMYVTB 50 Y 100 LZ.

h UPUFBCH PVPTHDPCHBOYS LTPNE UFBODBTFOPZP OBVPTB RYMPFBTsOP-OBCHYZBGYPOOSCHY Y LPOFTPMYTHAEYI RTYVPTPCH CHIPDIYMY LPTPFLPCHPMOPCHBS TBDYPUFBOGYS tui-4, LYUMPTPDOSCHK RTY VPT Y RPUBDPUOBS ZhBTB. ABOUT UBNPMEFBI MB-5ZHO KHUFBOBCHMYCHBMYUSH LYUMPTPDOSCH RTYVPTSCH lrb-ъVYU YMY lr-12. ъBRBUB LYUMPTPDB ICHBFBMP DMS RPMEFB CH FEYUEOYE 1.5 YUBUB ABOUT CHCHUPFE 8000 N.

Thus, tests of La-5 No. 37210404 at the Air Force Research Institute in October 1942 showed that when flying at the best speed and altitude of up to 2000 m, the aircraft’s range did not exceed 960-970 km. In summer next year the range of La-5 No. 37212124 decreased to 820 km, and on La-5F No. 37212501 - to 580 km. In both cases, the fuel supply in the fuel tanks was the same - 340 kg, but in the second, deteriorating aerodynamics became an additional reason for the reduction in range.

In February 1943, a serial copy of La-5 No. 37210514 was installed on the scales of the full-scale wind tunnel T-101 of the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute in Zhukovsky. The power of the electric motors that drove a pair of tube fans was such that tests were carried out exclusively at night - otherwise it would have to would disconnect an entire city from the power grid.

Studies have shown that if you seal the aircraft outside and inside the cabin from all kinds of air flows and cover the domes of the landing gear with flaps, then you can, by reducing aerodynamic drag, increase the speed by about 35 km/h. The greatest increase in speed (24 km/h) was achieved by sealing the fighter.

It should be said that in some flight modes the La-5 wing had the lowest coefficient value among domestic fighters lift. As it turned out, the opening of the hood flaps, which regulated the engine temperature, led to a disruption of the flow in the center section and, as a consequence, to a drop in the lift coefficient of the wing. The diagnosis of the La-5 “disease” was made accurately; all that remained was to develop a method of “treatment” for it.

In March - April 1943, the La-5 with a sealed engine hood and oil cooler tunnel, with an air intake moved under the fuselage (behind the fifth frame), was studied in the TsAGI T-104 full-scale wind tunnel. The results were encouraging: this event alone gave an increase in speed of 25-30 km/h, and a number of smaller improvements added another 10-15 km/h. Moreover, it has improved temperature regime engine, since air flow through the oil cooler has increased by almost a quarter.

Thus, another step was taken towards the emergence of one of the the best fighters World War II - La-7.

While the Design Bureau was finalizing the La-5 in accordance with TsAGI recommendations, production vehicle No. 37212282 with a retractable tail wheel was presented for control tests. Eight flights were enough to conclude that the vehicle’s flight data fully complied with the GKO decree of December 9, 1942, although the domes (recesses in the wing for the wheels) of the chassis were still uncovered, and the mast of the radio station’s antenna was still raised.

At the beginning of 1943, instead of a carburetor, the M-82 engine was equipped with equipment for direct injection of gasoline into the cylinders. The take-off power of the engine, designated M-82FN, increased by 150 hp, and the nominal power, at an altitude of 1650 m, by 90 hp. At the same time, the motor itself became heavier by only 30 kg. Soon the M-82FN was put into mass production and began to be installed on the La-5.

In April 1943, the Air Force Research Institute received a “double” of the La-5FN fighter (“type 39”, with an emblem on the hood in the form of a rhombus, inside of which “FN” is written) with metal wing spars. However, he first went into production with old delta wood spars, which were later (since 1944) replaced with metal ones. A month later, a brand new serial La-5FN No. 39210104, still smelling of paint, arrived for state testing.

Plant No. 21 was not yet ready to introduce all the innovations, and combat vehicles intended for the front continued to use wooden spars and non-retractable crutch wheels. And yet they were different from the previous “La”. Thus, the area of ​​the elevator has increased, and the total sector of its deflection has decreased from 55° to 40°. Changes also affected the lateral control system: if previously the ailerons deflected symmetrically up and down, now the angle of deflection up and down has been increased, which has a positive effect on their efficiency. Pneumatic fire control from the cannons was replaced with pneumoelectric, the front shutters were removed from the motor, and a number of other smaller, but nevertheless important, changes were made.

The leaders in testing the “understudy” were engineer A.S. Rozanov and pilot A.G. Kubyshkin. And although the plane became heavier, its flight characteristics, due to a more powerful engine, improved compared to the La-5F. The maximum speed at the second altitude limit (5800 m) reached 610 km/h, and the time to climb to 5000 m was reduced by almost a minute. According to pilots A.G. Kubyshkin and V.E. Golofastov, the technique of piloting the fighter did not differ from piloting the serial La-5. Elevator control was easy, aileron loads were normal. Despite the fact that it was still hot in the cabin, the Air Force Research Institute gave the car a positive assessment.

Air battles, still in the test zone of the Moscow region, between the La-5FN and one of the best German fighters Me-109G-2 with three points of small arms, carried out by test pilots of the Air Force Research Institute in 1943, showed that Lavochkin’s machine up to an altitude of 5000 m had advantages over the Messerschmitt in vertical maneuver. In horizontal battles, the La-5FN came into the enemy’s tail after 4-5 turns.

In May 1943, the first production La-5FNs began to leave the assembly shop of plant No. 21. The spread of fighter take-off weights and their flight data remained high. Apparently, the lightest was La-5FN No. 3811022 with metal spars, produced by plant No. 381 in February 1944 (weighing 3145 kg, it reached a speed of 595 km/h at an altitude of 5950 m), and the heaviest was Gorky’s La-5FN No. 39210206 (3445 kg).

From series to series, the La-5FN was constantly improved. If earlier this was associated with minor changes that mainly reduced the complexity of manufacturing the machine, then at the beginning of 1943 the Design Bureau made another attempt to improve all the characteristics of the aircraft. In August 1943, fighter No. 39210109 was rolled out of the assembly shop and the experienced eye of aviators immediately noted the innovations: the suction pipe was moved from the top of the engine under the hood, and the protruding “beard” of the oil cooler was placed between the third and fifth frames. In addition, instead of a sliding canopy, it became a side-opening one, as on the Me-109, and additional flaps completely covered the retracted wheels of the main supports. On the plane, the shape of the joint between the wing and the fuselage was improved (the so-called “fairs”), the exhaust manifolds were replaced with individual pipes, the hood was modified and the sealing of the aircraft was improved. The axial compensation of the elevator increased to 20%, reducing the load on the aircraft control stick, and the PBP-1 sight was replaced with the BB-1. The armament remained the same - two synchronized SP-20 cannons, and the cabin equipment did not change.

In this form, the aircraft entered state tests, which took place from September 30 to October 18, 1943. According to the general opinion of leading pilots A.G. Kubyshkin and I.M. Dzyuba, as well as flight pilots P.M. Stefanovsky and A.G. Proshakov, the aircraft in terms of piloting technique was no different from production aircraft, but the visibility from the cockpit to the sides deteriorated due to abrasion of the plexiglass of the side movable flaps, which complicated landing and take-off from limited areas. Moreover, the canopy that opened to the side made it difficult for the pilot to enter the cockpit, and emergency release with both hands turned out to be inconvenient. But the forward visibility, thanks to the relocation of the air intake under the hood, has improved, making it easier for the pilot to aim.

The speed increased to 630 km/h, the turn time was reduced by 1-2 seconds, and the altitude gain during a combat turn increased to 120 m. Better sealing and ventilation made it possible to reduce the temperature in the cabin. Although the fighter did not go into production, many technical solutions, embedded in it, migrated to the future La-7.

In the spring of the same year, a new M-71F radial engine was installed on La-5 No. 39210204. The use of that engine on various types of aircraft, both fighters and bombers, was always accompanied by failures. Despite the fact that the engine passed 50-hour bench tests, both the M-71 and its forced modification constantly broke down in flight. La-5 was no exception. In addition, the M-71F was large in size and made the fighter heavier. However, its great power (at takeoff it developed up to 2200 hp) did its job: flight tests carried out at the LII from April 28 to June 4, 1943 showed that the fighter’s maximum speed increased to 685 km/h at an altitude of 5500 m.

To find out ways to further improve the characteristics of the machine, it was studied in the TsAGI T-101 tube. The conclusion of the specialists from the Aerohydrodynamic Institute was optimistic - improving the aerodynamics of the aircraft, especially the shape of the engine hood, will allow the maximum speed to be increased to 720 km/h. But the development of the La-5M-71 was delayed, and it did not enter production. A fighter with an M-90 radial engine with a take-off power of 1,750 hp was designed, but never completed.

As is known, in accordance with the order of the NKAP dated October 10, 1942, production of the La-5 was established at Moscow plant No. 381, and the first vehicles were assembled from units of plant No. 21. In 1944, a small team of the serial design bureau of plant No. 381 proposed installing it on the serial La -5F power plant with engine mount from La-7. In April, on car No. 3811507, the ASh-82F carburetor engine was replaced with an ASh-82FN with direct fuel injection. At the same time, the exhaust manifolds from the predecessor were retained and the side flaps were modified. The aircraft, which received the official name “Hybrid,” was tested at the Air Force Research Institute in May 1944. Engineer V.I. Alekseenko and pilot A.I. Kubyshkin were in charge of the aircraft. Compared to the “backup” La-5FN from plant No. 21, it had significantly worse flight characteristics. For example, its maximum speed turned out to be 68 km/h lower, which is apparently due to the weight of the car and the worse finish of its external surface.

As a result, the aircraft failed the test. The Air Force Research Institute recommended only as a last resort to use the installation of ASh-82FN engines when repairing the La-5F in field conditions.

From January 30 to February 11, 1944, control tests of the serial La-5FN with three UB-20 guns were carried out at the flight test base of plant No. 21. The maximum horizontal speed at the ground at nominal engine operation did not exceed 596 km/h. Based on the operating experience of a number of aircraft, it was assumed that when the engine is boosted, the ground speed will increase by 30-35 km/h and will be 630 km/h.

At the end of 1943, in parallel with the three-gun version, they developed a vehicle with a pair of VYa guns and one BS machine gun, but this project remained on paper.

Beginning in the summer of 1943, on La-5 No. 2124, they began to study the combined control of propeller pitch and engine gas. The results were considered satisfactory, but the automation required improvements. In November, research continued on the La-5F aircraft No. 39213956, and in the spring of 1944 on the La-5FN. But this innovation did not reach the production La-5; it was requested only for the La-7.

And one more interesting touch from the biography of La-5. At the beginning of 1945, M.L. Mil, later a famous helicopter designer, proposed using landing flaps to improve the maneuverability of the fighter. In March of the same year, the vehicle underwent research at the LII, which showed that the turn time at an altitude of 1000 m was reduced by 1.5-2.5 s, and at an altitude of 4000 m - by 2.5-3.5 s. At the same time, the radius of the turn decreased by 15-20 m and 50-60 m, respectively. They planned to use this idea on La-7 aircraft produced by plant No. 381. The war was already coming to an end, the proposal remained unimplemented, but has not lost its relevance to this day.

Military tests of the La-5FN took place in July-August 1943 in the 32nd Guards Aviation Regiment on the Bryansk Front. Within a month, 14 Soviet pilots in 25 air battles shot down 21 FW-190s, three Me-109G-2s and He-111s, five Ju-88s and one Ju-87. Our losses amounted to four vehicles.

The La-5FN began to be used in large quantities in battles on the Kursk Bulge. The already familiar 201st Air Division of Colonel V.A. Skryvkn also found itself on this front, opening a combat account with the La-5FN on July 21, 1943. On that day, six La-5FN captain V.F. Mistyuk, accompanying Il-2 attack aircraft, shot down three Me-109s and one Ju-88.

On August 3, ten La-5FNs, led by senior lieutenant S.D. Gorelov and accompanying attack aircraft, were attacked by 35 enemy fighters. In the ensuing battle, the enemy was missing eight Messerschmitts, of which squadron commander S.D. Gorelov and flight commander B.P. Rogov shot down a pair each.

On August 12, the squadron of Senior Lieutenant P.L. Gnido met 30 enemy bombers and fighters in the Maksimovka-Olshany area. In this battle, Soviet pilots destroyed 10 aircraft, and four of them fell to the commander. But already on the way home the pilot’s plane caught fire, the pilot escaped by parachute. This was the group's only loss.

Speaking about the La-5FN, one cannot ignore the feat of senior lieutenant, deputy squadron commander of the 88th Guards Aviation Regiment A.K. Gorovets, who was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In one of the July battles on the Kursk Bulge, Horovets shot down nine dive bombers Iu-87 (such a case was the only one in the history of the Great Patriotic War), but on the same day, returning to his airfield, he died in a battle with four enemy fighters.

La-5FN fighter at the airfield of the Air Force Research Institute.

La-5FN fighter in the parking lot.

La-5FN fighter in the parking lot.

La-5FN fighter in the parking lot.

La-5FN fighter in the parking lot.

In July 1943, there was relative calm on the fronts, the armies were preparing for the greatest battle, which would later be called the “Fire” or Kursk Bulge, after the name of a nearby city. Trains with equipment reached the theater of operations; thousands of tanks and hundreds of aircraft had to prove the right of one of the parties to exist.

It was there, in the burning sky of the Kursk Bulge, that two irreconcilable opponents collided - the Soviet La-5 and the German Focke-Wulf 190. The victory was won by the genius of the Soviet aircraft manufacturer S.A. Lavochkina.

History of creation

The La-5 aircraft is considered one of the best fighters of the USSR on the Eastern Front. His positive qualities are considered:

• Speed;
• Rate of climb;
• Vitality;
• Armament.

The interesting thing is that La-5 was born thanks to a miracle. During the testing period in 1942, it bore the name LaGG-5, inherited from its predecessor, the LaGG-3 fighter.

In 1939, having creatively processed the experience of the Spanish Civil War, the leadership of the Soviet Union came to a consensus: the military aviation fleet needed to be updated.

The basis of fighter aviation at that time was the I-16 high-speed monoplanes various types and I-153 biplanes.

The adoption of two different types of aircraft was interpreted by the concept of interaction in air combat between a maneuverable and high-speed fighter.

But the battles in Spain showed that the maneuverable but low-speed biplanes I-15 and I-15bis were inferior in battle to the faster Fiats and early models of the Bf.109. The I-16 could still fight with them on equal terms, but it had practically exhausted its modernization reserves.

As a result of the work of the Armaments Commission, it was formulated terms of reference to create new high-speed monoplane fighters, not inferior to modern Western models.

At the same time, with strict restrictions on time and the main structural material - wood, already at that time there was a shortage of aluminum in the country. This was further aggravated by the lack of powerful engines; the industry at that time could only offer AM-35 and M-105 engines.

12 design teams took part in the competition. But only three design bureaus won a convincing victory:

• I-26, future Yak-1, M-105 engine, truss steel frame, covered with canvas and plywood. Armament: 1x20 mm motor cannon and 2x7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun;
• I-200 Mikoyan and Gurevich, based on the developments of Polikarpov, this aircraft had excellent performance characteristics, but weak weapons: 1x12.7 mm UB machine gun and 2x7.62 mm ShKAS. It was let down by the engine, the AM-35, the lines for its production were subsequently required for;
• I-301 (LaGG-1) is the fruit of the labor of the triumvirate of Lavochkin, Gorbunov and Gudkov; innovative solutions at that time were used in its design; composites - delta wood and wood - were widely used. Armament in the project: 1x20 mm motor cannon, 2x12.7 mm machine guns and two 7.62 mm ShKAS.

The I-301 was created collectively; all three designers had significant experience in aircraft construction. Lavochkin and Gorbunov managed to work under the leadership of Tupolev, Gudkov worked in aircraft production since 1928.

The aircraft received the index 301 from the number of the plant where it was created; it was at plant 301 that the triumvirate was given a workshop to build and fly the prototype.

In 1941, all the designers received the Stalin Prize for the creation of this aircraft, but their paths diverged. Lavochkin created his own design bureau, Gorbunov and Gudkov designed airplanes, but did not achieve fame.

Interesting! In 1941, Gudkov was the first designer to modernize the LaGG-3 by installing a Shvetsov engine, but for an unknown reason the project was frozen and the Gu-82 aircraft was scrapped.

Tests

A prototype of the new fighter entered testing in the spring of 1940. On March 28, he made his first flight. The car was piloted by military test pilot Alexey Nikashin.

To improve flight characteristics, the surface of the aircraft was varnished and carefully polished.

It acquired a dark cherry color, which is why it was nicknamed “piano” by airfield jokers.

In total, the machine performed several dozen test flights. During testing, the fighter reached a speed of 605 km/h, and despite some shortcomings it was of interest to the air force.

After the return of the purchasing commission from Germany in 1940, Soviet designers and engineers had the opportunity to evaluate the performance characteristics and combat parameters of German combat vehicles, which included the Messerschmitt Bf.109E, "Emil".

Modern Soviet fighters could fight with this aircraft almost on an equal footing. But no one knew that in the Luftwaffe the Emil was replaced by more modern Friedrichs (Bf.109F), which had higher flight characteristics.

In 1941, mass production of the LaGG-3 began, changes were made to its design from series to series, but one thing remained unchanged - too much weight for the M-105 engine, making the fighter “sluggish”; additionally, with the beginning of the war, the quality of production dropped, as a result the aircraft's performance characteristics decreased.

LaGG-3 accelerated slowly, behaved unsatisfactorily in the vertical and slightly better in horizontal maneuvering. Further, other aircraft factories in the cities joined production:

• Bitter;
• Taganrog;
• Leningrad;
• Tbilisi;
• Novosibirsk

After the start of the Great Patriotic War, the pilots noted that “Beauty,” as the LaGG was nicknamed in combat units, did not feel very good in air combat, it got to the point that they wanted to discontinue it.

At that moment, S.A. Lavochkin remembered the M-82A, Shvetsov’s powerful air-cooled engine. Almost “on the knee” this engine was installed on a linear LaGG-3 with a modified engine mount and a new hood.

After testing, when the new aircraft showed its performance, it received the name LaGG-5, which was soon shortened to La-5.

In June 1942, a new fighter aircraft went into production - it was the legendary La-5.

Design

Structurally, the La-5 was the same as the LaGG-3 fighter, the changes mainly affected the engine mount and weapons. The motor mount itself was welded from steel pipes, behind it there was a fire bulkhead and an expansion tank; the armament was installed above the engine and consisted of two 20 mm ShVAK cannons.

Glider

The fuselage is monocoque, with load-bearing skin, on a frame of 15 frames made of delta wood or high-strength plywood.

Interesting! Delta wood is a composite of several layers of birch veneer impregnated with phenol-formaldehyde resin and hot pressed. There is a legend that when Gorbunov presented delta wood to the top leadership of the USSR. Stalin tried to set the sample on fire with his pipe.

The wing is made of plywood, the wing frame is entirely wooden, metal is used only in the center section for its spar and root ribs.

The consoles are detachable, allowing for quick replacement. The wing mechanization consisted of automatic slats, ailerons and landing flaps.

Protected fuel tanks are located in the cavities of the wing and center section. Besides additional protection the fire was prevented by a system for filling them with CO2.

The pilot's cabin is located behind the engine. La-5, inherited from LaGG, had a developed gargrot with cut out transparent “ears” for viewing the rear hemisphere. The lantern consisted of a visor with armored glass and a sliding part. To protect the pilot there was an armored back.

DZ-3 bomb racks were placed on the planes.

For all operations related to starting the engine and reloading weapons, the aircraft's own pneumatic system was used.

Chassis

The aircraft used a three-wheel landing gear setup. The supports under the wings are equipped with hydraulic shock absorbers. The wheel size is 650x200 mm with an air-chamber braking system connected to the pilot's foot control pedals.

The rear support wheel, measuring 300x125, is not steerable, and is attached to the 12th frame of the fuselage body. The mechanism of the retractable landing gear and rear wheel is hydraulically driven.

The retracted landing gear is rigidly fixed with hydraulic locks, which also secure the extended landing gear. In case of a hydraulic emergency, the landing gear could be released using manual cable control.

Power point

The La-5 fighter was equipped with the M-82A engine, which at that time was produced for Su-2 and Tu-2 bombers. The engine was a two-row 14-cylinder air-cooled star with a power of 1650 hp.

To regulate the cooling of the cylinders, a simplified system of louvers and sliding flaps at the rear of the hood was used.

The oil cooler on the La-5 was under the hood. A VISH-105V variable pitch propeller was used.

The launch was carried out either by a starter, by turning the engine shaft, or by air, from an airfield compressor, or from an on-board cylinder.

Hydraulic system

This system was responsible for retracting the landing gear into the wheel well or releasing the support when landing the aircraft, and its task also included adjusting the propeller pitch. To create the required pressure of 150 kg/cm², the following was used:

• Hydraulic pump driven by drive power plant;
• Oil tank;
• Pipes and hydraulic accumulator.

Anti-icing system

To operate an aircraft in winter period or in areas of the far north an anti-icing system was provided. It consisted of a 16-liter tank into which a water-alcohol mixture was poured in a 50/50 ratio. If necessary, the mixture washed the cockpit canopy and the propeller blades.

Electrical equipment

The power supply system was designed for direct current voltage of 12 or 27V. The electric generator generated current due to the drive from the power plant. The plane was equipped with a battery. It was possible to connect power to the machine from the outside; for this there was a connector for airfield service.

High altitude equipment

To avoid oxygen starvation of the pilot, the La-5 cockpit is equipped with a standard KPA-3bis device with a connection to an oxygen cylinder, which was located in the fuselage, behind the pilot’s cockpit. The oxygen supply was calculated for 1.5 hours when flying at an altitude of 8,000 meters and above.

Navigation and radio-electronic equipment

Communication between the pilots and the flight command center was carried out using the RSI-4 simplex radio station with the VHF band. The station housing was mounted on the instrument panel in the pilot's cabin, and the transmitting device was mounted in the rear of the fuselage. For access there was a technological opening in the rear fuselage.

The antenna of the radio complex is two-beam, cable. The wave reception range is within a radius of 90 km when a La-5 fighter is flying at an altitude of one kilometer. Navigation was carried out using a compass.

Armament

Two synchronous 20 mm caliber guns were installed in the forward part of the fuselage above the engine. Ammunition was supplied from belts located in cartridge boxes; the total capacity of the belts was 340 shells.

Aircraft cannons were installed on the engine mount, and cartridge boxes were also installed there.

Accessibility for maintenance was ensured by hinged hood panels.

The fire was carried out using a PBP-1 collimator sight or a simplified BB-1, installed in the cockpit. The alignment was clarified by shooting on the ground. The guns were reloaded using a pneumatic system.

Interesting! Due to poor ergonomics, the PBP-1 sight was deciphered by army comedians as “The sight that hits the pilot once.” In reality, during an emergency landing, the pilot quite often hit his face on an excessively close sight.

Flaws

A significant drawback of the La-5 aircraft was the unbearable heat in the pilot's cabin and the gas pollution in the cabin. These are derivatives of defects in the aircraft; later modifications managed to get rid of this defect.

The plexiglass of the lantern turned yellow from the influence of sunlight and lost its transparency, but at that time this was a problem for the entire industry.

It is also worth noting the somewhat unfortunate location of the controls and the low degree of automation on the plane; to regulate or change any parameter it was necessary to use several toggle switches and switches.

Modifications

In addition to minor, serial modifications - during production, improvements and changes were constantly made, both technical and technological, there were the following models of this aircraft:

1. La-5F, an M-82F engine is installed, with an afterburner function, in other words, with the ability to operate in takeoff mode for some time, thereby increasing the speed characteristics of the aircraft during this time. Changes also affected the fuselage; some La-5F aircraft were produced with a high gargrot, and some with a low garrot, which improved visibility of the rear hemisphere.
2. La-5FN, with a forced engine and direct fuel injection, this engine allowed a short time significantly increase engine power for catching up or sudden maneuver in air combat. Subsequently, the engine was named after the designer and became known as ASh-82FN.
3. La-5UTI, an aircraft with a double cabin intended for training pilots on the La-5, in order to preserve the performance characteristics of the fighter, the following were removed from the aircraft: one cannon with a b/c, bomb release devices and oxygen equipment. The management of the flight school appreciated the La-5F fighter converted for training flights. Aircraft designers added an additional instructor cabin with redundant controls. The basis for the production of UTIs were aircraft that had exhausted their combat life and were removed from the front.

The production of aircraft directly depended on the availability of engines, so for some time the La-5F and La-5FN were assembled simultaneously. As soon as the engine crisis was overcome, the La-5F was removed from the lines, and the freed capacity was switched to the production of FN.

Performance characteristics in comparison with analogues

Named aircraft

During the Great Patriotic War, citizens of the Soviet Union contributed cash to the Defense Fund or directly to the cash desk of the equipment manufacturing plant. To build airplanes, ordinary people More than 2 billion 860 million rubles were transferred.

It was with this money that 2,565 military aircraft rolled off the production line. Soviet army pilots destroyed more than 20,000 enemy aircraft and ground equipment. The hopes of the Soviet people were justified. Each fighter donated by the people keeps a history and counts dozens of exploits.

"Funny boys"

Two personalized aircraft were built with the savings of People's Artist of the Soviet Union Leonid Utesov and his creative team. The singer personally handed over La-5F fighters to the personnel of the fifth GIAP in November 1943.

The inscription: “Cheerful guys, from the jazz orchestra of L. Utesov” adorned the side of the fuselage. Both fighters actively fought and served until the end of the war. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union V.I. flew on one of the planes. Popkov, who has the call sign “Maestro”.

He flew more than 475 combat missions, participated in 117 air battles and shot down 41 enemy aircraft.

"Squadron of Valery Chkalov"

This inscription adorned five squadrons of 12 fighters. The cars were built with money from V. Chkalov’s fellow countrymen and were a gift from the working people.

Hero of the Soviet Union Ivan Kozhedub fought on one of these named planes. He was sent to the 240th IAP after the Chuguev military school, where he served as an instructor.

"Mongolian Arat"

The fighters arrived at the second GIAP on September 25, 1943 from working citizens of Mongolia. The total number of donated aircraft with the inscription “Mongolian Arat” is 13 units.

Hero of the Soviet Union A.I. Mayorov fought on one of them. He flew more than 465 combat missions and conducted 68 air battles. He personally shot down 17 enemy aircraft and ten in a group attack.

"Captain Belyasnik"

A student of the Kachinsky Aviation School, Pyotr Nikiforovich Belyasnik, gave 40,000 rubles for the construction of the La-5 aircraft. He addressed the Party Central Committee with a letter in which he vowed to defeat the enemy on his plane. The party committee granted the request and handed him a personalized plane with tail number 40 and the inscription - Captain Belyasnik.

And there were such named planes a large number of, they arrived in batches, creating squadrons, or were awarded individually to heroes of air battles.

Combat use and operation

Fighter sorties regularly revealed all sorts of shortcomings, which were taken into account and corrected in a timely manner. The installation of a new ASh-82FN engine and a closed canopy with improved glazing helped it catch up vertically and horizontally with the German Messerschmitt-109. Airplanes began to be equipped with the latest radio stations at that time.

During a combat mission on October 14, 1943, two flights of 8 La-5FN aircraft met a large group of enemy aircraft.

Soviet fighters noticed the enemy earlier and managed to gain speed; an attack from the direction of the sun shot down 3 bombers and two enemy fighters.

The feat of Alexei Maresyev is known to many from the book “The Tale of a Real Man,” but there is a little-known fact that after the amputation of his legs he had the opportunity to fight in an LA-5FN. On the second day of the Battle of Kursk, Alexey Maresyev took to the air to carry out a combat mission as part of a group of the 63rd Guards IAP. Twice a day, entering into an air battle, Maresyev managed to shoot down.

Records

On July 5, 1943, a flight of La-5 fighters patrolled the airspace of the Belgorod region. Unexpectedly, Soviet pilots encountered a very large group of German aircraft, about 50 in total.

Enemy Ju-87 bombers flew on a combat mission, accompanied by Bf-109 fighters. Senior Lieutenant Alexander Gorovets decided to attack the bombers, and a flight of comrades entered into battle with the escort aircraft.

In that battle, Alexander destroyed nine enemy aircraft. Having set an absolute record among Soviet aviation pilots for the destruction of enemy aircraft alone. The last plane, a bomber, was shot down by a Soviet pilot with a ram.

Returning to the airfield, Horovets' La-5 was shot down by four enemy fighters. Senior Lieutenant Alexander Gorovets was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, posthumously.

Heritage

Further work by OKB No. 21 to modernize the La-5FN led to the appearance of a modified fighter model with a new designation La-7. In October 1943, with production capacity The Gorky plant produced a prototype of a new generation.

After flight tests, the fighter entered production, and by the spring of 1944, the La-7 began to arrive at the front. The conveyor gradually moved to the production of a new model, completely completing the production of the La-5FN aircraft by November 1944.

It became a worthy successor to its prototype and also gained a reputation as one of the best front-line aircraft.

The designers practically did not change the body of the fighter, only the wing spars were made of metal.

The plane became more maneuverable and carried powerful weapons. Significant changes were made to the design to increase survivability. Until the end of World War II, USSR arms factories built 5,753 Lavochkin-La-7 fighters.

Video

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