Technological equipment of food enterprises: assessment, directions of modernization. Secrets to increasing production efficiency Modernize food facilities
Enterprises
The purpose of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision over the design (development of design standards, projects), site allocation, construction and commissioning of food facilities, as well as their reconstruction and modernization is to ensure high quality and safety of food products, create optimal conditions for workers employed at food facilities, exception mutual adverse influence of the food enterprise and its surrounding objects (including residential buildings).
The purpose and procedure of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision over the design of food facilities
In accordance with federal legislation, when developing design standards, planning projects for food facilities and establishing their sanitary protection zones (SPZ), choosing land plots for construction, as well as during the design, construction, reconstruction, technical re-equipment, expansion, conservation and liquidation of food facilities, engineering infrastructure and landscaping facilities must comply with sanitary rules, building codes and regulations, current technical regulations and national standards.
Supervision over the construction of food facilities is intended to:
Ensure the production, release and circulation of high-quality and
safe food products;
Prevent the negative impact of potentially dangerous
factors of production on the health of workers;
Prevent harmful effects of the food object (smoke,
soot, gas, odors, noise, etc.) on the environment and health
population.
The development of planning and design standards, relevant technical regulations and standards is carried out by authorized federal bodies (including the service carrying out State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision) with the involvement of leading research institutes in the field scientific activity which these questions are included.
From the standpoint of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision, control over the construction of a food facility should begin at the planning stage of the project assignment to justify the feasibility of construction-406
conditions in the supervised territory of a particular food facility. The territorial institution authorized to carry out State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision must take part in making management decisions on the feasibility of construction, especially if it is targeted by government funding.
All food facility projects are divided into standard, individual, re-construction, as well as reconstruction and modernization projects. The developed projects are submitted for approval to the bodies authorized to carry out State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision, by legal entities (departments, organizations) or individual entrepreneurs, constructing the facility, or on their instructions to the general design organization. At the same time, the customer separately indicates all deviations from current sanitary norms and rules made during the development of individual construction projects, reconstruction and modernization of enterprises, as well as design solutions for which there are no approved norms and rules. These deviations are assessed separately and an appropriate conclusion is issued, which does not apply to the entire project as a whole.
Coordination with the bodies authorized to carry out State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of standard projects developed with partial deviations from the requirements of current sanitary norms and rules is carried out in order to assess the possibility of: I) adapting an existing building to accommodate a food facility or individual workshops; 2) expanding or changing the operating profile of an existing facility; 3) introducing new technology or changing existing technology; 4) design and introduction of new technological lines, units, machines and equipment for production, storage and sales food products; 5) capital technical re-equipment of facilities.
State sanitary and epidemiological supervision of food construction
Objects
The main stages of the implementation of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision over the construction of food facilities are:
Selective control over project development;
Control over the allocation of land for construction;
Examination of the construction project of food enterprises;
Linking the project to the area;
Construction control;
Control over the commissioning of the facility.
Selective control over project development. Organs and teaching
The State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Russia must select
immediate control over the development of projects in accordance with sanitary rules and regulations at all stages of standard and individual construction. The sampling plan and its procedure are approved during the analysis of the sanitary and epidemiological situation and depend on data from a retrospective assessment of the integrity of various design and construction organizations and construction customers in general.
Control over the allocation of land for construction. The construction site is selected in accordance with land legislation, building codes and rules for the planning and development of urban and rural settlements, the situational plan of the settlement, the requirements of master plans for industrial and, if necessary, agricultural enterprises.
To resolve the issue of allocating a land plot for construction, territorial institutions authorized to carry out State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision must conduct a survey and study it necessary documentation. When allocating a site for the construction of a food enterprise according to a standard project and linking it, these bodies decide on the suitability of a particular project for local conditions, taking into account the raw material base, climate, terrain, groundwater level, etc.
The site allocated for the construction of a food facility should not be environmentally unfavorable for the facility under construction, and the latter should not be a source of environmental pollution and adverse effects on the population (gas contamination, dust, noise, odors, etc.). Based on the situational plan and technical data of the project, it is necessary to analyze: 1) the adequacy of the territory to accommodate the facility itself; 2) conditions for placing buildings and structures on the site; 3) the required size of the sanitary protection zone; 4) the danger of contamination of a food facility with liquid and solid waste from other facilities; 5) the possibility of creating favorable conditions for lighting, insolation and ventilation.
The structures provided for by the construction project must be located on the windward side in relation to industrial enterprises, sanitary, sewer, treatment plants and installations for municipal purposes and on the leeward side to residential buildings, healthcare facilities, cultural and community facilities.
Sanitary protection zones are established between residential buildings and food facilities, between food facilities and industrial enterprises. The required size of the sanitary protection zone is established depending on the class of enterprises and usually ranges from 50... 100 m (for bakeries, confectionery factories, dairies - classes IV and V) to 500... 1,000 m (for meat processing plants - 408
bins, fish processing enterprises, livestock complexes - classes I and II). Compliance with the size of the sanitary protection zone depending on the class of food enterprises is mandatory for newly built and reconstructed enterprises. The sufficiency of the adopted sanitary protection zone is justified by the corresponding calculations at the design stage, which are performed according to methods approved in the established manner. These methods take into account both the background state of the environment based on various chemical, biological, physical or other factors, and the possible specific impact of the enterprise planned for construction on it.
It is not allowed to place objects in residential areas and public recreation areas food production I and II classes. The size of the sanitary protection zone for enterprises of classes I and II can be increased by decision of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation or his deputy, and for enterprises of classes III...V - by decision of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of a subject of the Russian Federation or his deputy.
The placement of class V food enterprises (shops, cafes), which do not require additional access roads and heavy truck traffic, is permitted in a residential area depending on specific social and living needs. For food items not included in the sanitary classification, the width of the sanitary protection zone is established in each specific case by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation or his deputy.
The site selected for construction must have a calm topography with a slight slope, ensuring the outflow of precipitation from the territory. Otherwise, they look for ways to drain the water. If the terrain of the selected area is rugged, then the project should provide for its leveling. The groundwater level is provided for at least 0.5 m below the basement floor. Otherwise, waterproofing or liquidation of the basement is necessary. The location of the facility in an area with landslides and in rock collapse zones is not allowed.
For 20 years before the start of construction, the site should not be used for a cemetery, cattle burial grounds or landfills. The soil should not be contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, helminth eggs and larvae, and contain organic and chemical substances above the maximum permissible concentration. At the same time as the site, a source of water supply is selected, preferably centralized, if not available, local, as well as centralized or local wastewater collection and treatment facilities, routes and methods for waste removal.
Based on the study of all submitted materials on the allotment of a land plot and an inspection of the site by specialists from territorial institutions authorized to carry out State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision, if the decision is positive, a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the allotment of a land plot is issued.
After issuing a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion, local authorities make a decision on the allocation of the site, and then the urban land department local authorities The local government issues a building permit on the allocated site.
Examination of food enterprise construction projects. Individual and standard (with declared deviations) construction projects are subject to examination. Upon presentation project documentation justification for the direction of the project must be given: deviation from current norms and rules (indicating) or absence for of this project approved norms and rules. Accepted projects and accompanying documents are reviewed by a food hygiene doctor with the involvement, if necessary, of municipal hygiene doctors, occupational hygiene doctors, engineers and other specialists from hygienic research institutes, design and other organizations.
The construction project for food facilities must include the following sections: 1) general explanatory note; 2) master plan and transport communications; 3) technological solutions; 4) organization and working conditions of workers, production and enterprise management; 5) architectural and construction solutions; 6) engineering equipment, networks and systems; 7) organization of construction; 8) environmental protection; 9) engineering and technical measures of civil defense, measures to prevent emergency situations.
Explanatory note must contain the following information: purpose of the facility, its capacity, staff, maximum number of workers per shift, characteristics of the technological process and equipment; composition and functions of premises, decoration of premises, data on water supply, sewerage, heating, ventilation, electrical supply, including the placement and operation of refrigeration chambers, organization of collection and removal (disposal) of waste.
The graphic part of the project should include: drawings of the building facade, building plan, sections of the building, alignment axes, construction grid, as well as conventional images of building materials and building elements, designations of sanitary and electrical communications on the master plan, sanitary and technical and electrical devices. The facades allow you to see the building from all sides; building plans - evaluate the set and relative position of premises and equipment
tion, determine the area of premises, the width of openings and passages and other indicators; sections of buildings - number of storeys, height of the building, floors, rooms, openings, groundwater level, laying of ascending and descending systems and communications, etc.
The master plan allows you to estimate the size of the entire territory, its individual sites, the distance of buildings and structures from each other, calculate the density of buildings and the percentage of landscaping on the site, and the location of access roads. Great importance is attached to the correct location of individual objects on the construction site. Thus, production premises or workshops where perishable products are prepared, as well as warehouse premises, are recommended to be oriented to the north, north-east or north-west, and dining and sales areas, as well as staff premises - to the south, south-east and south-west. west. The economic zone must be located downwind of the production zone and be located at a distance of at least 25...50 m from it.
For different food enterprises, the site is built up from 33 to 50% (preferably no more than 35...40%). On the territory of industrial enterprises with a plot size of more than 5 hectares there must be at least two entrances (either on opposite sides of the plot - a through passage, or on one side of the plot - a roundabout). Areas of the territory intended for the movement of vehicles and pedestrians must have a hard surface (asphalt, concrete, etc.), areas for washing vehicles must be waterproof.
The area free from buildings, passages and passages must be landscaped with shrubs, trees and lawns - the landscaping must be at least 15%. It is not allowed to plant trees and shrubs that produce flakes, fibers, or pubescent seeds during flowering that can clog equipment and food products. Planting trees is recommended along the perimeter of the site, in front of production and auxiliary buildings, air intake shafts that require protection from dust, gases, noise, solar radiation, as well as in front of administrative premises, laboratories, canteens, and health centers.
When zoning the territory of food facilities, in most cases, two zones are distinguished - production and economic, which should, if possible, be separated. The production zone is intended for industrial buildings, warehouses for food raw materials and finished products, as well as administrative buildings. In the economic zone it is necessary to place warehouses for fuel, chemical reagents, construction, fuel, lubricants, a boiler room for liquid and
solid fuel, workshops, garages, sheds for storing containers, waste bins, a site for sanitary treatment of vehicles, pumping stations, yard toilets, etc.
If it is not possible to connect the enterprise to a centralized water supply and sewerage system, then a sanitary protection zone (SZZ) (strict security zone) around an artesian well or mine well and a sanitary protection zone around treatment facilities should be allocated to the territory as an independent zone.
Sanitary gaps between buildings and structures illuminated through window openings must be no less than the height to the top of the eaves of the highest of the opposing buildings and structures.
Open warehouses for solid fuel and other dust-producing materials should be located on the leeward side with a gap of at least 50 m to the openings of industrial buildings and 25 m to household premises.
Placing metal waterproof containers for garbage and waste (with a capacity of no more than two days of waste accumulation) with tight-fitting lids is allowed for most food facilities no closer than 25 m from the industrial premises of residential buildings on concrete sites, fenced on three sides to a height of 1.5 m and exceeding overall dimensions of the container base 1 m in all directions. Separate containers are provided for collecting garbage and food waste. In some cases (for example, for food trade organizations), the specified distance can be reduced based on local location conditions, in agreement with institutions authorized to carry out State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance.
Technological solutions for each specific production depend on the range of products, the composition and quality of raw materials, auxiliary materials, semi-finished products, the conditions of their transportation, storage and use, the conditions of preparation, storage and transportation of finished products, the organization of quality control of raw materials, auxiliary materials, semi-finished products, finished products. products, equipment composition, its bandwidth, placement, service conditions, equipment of production premises, organization of quality control of cleaning and sanitary treatment of premises, equipment, containers, utensils, tools, etc.
The drawings of the technological part of the project must contain data on the location of production and associated storage and utility rooms, their equipment, the movement of the main flows of raw materials, finished products, and waste. The location of production workshops must ensure consistency and flow of separate processing of products before and after
heat treatment, the shortest and most direct flows of raw materials and finished products, i.e. the shortest possible length of technological lines. It is also important to exclude the possibility of intersection of counter flows of raw materials, semi-finished products, waste with finished products, transportation of semi-finished products not protected from environmental influences through the opening of space, as well as crossing the paths of finished food with dirty dishes, clean dishes with dirty dishes, paths of staff and customers , shoppers with ways to load products and deliver them to the counters.
Production premises should be grouped according to their functional purpose and located compactly in the most convenient parts of buildings, taking into account their technological interconnection, identical temperature, humidity, and light conditions for food processing. Thus, dining rooms and distribution rooms should, as a rule, be placed on the same level and in direct connection with the hot and cold shops, washing tableware; vegetable, meat and fish shops when a public catering establishment operates on raw materials - between the warehouse premises and the cooking shop, and the vegetable shops are closer to the vegetable pantry and the exit to the production corridor.
Chambers for storing food waste must have independent access to the yard. The expedition should, if possible, be located as far as possible from the loading area, preferably on the opposite side. Production and warehouse premises should not be walk-through. Production processes accompanied by air pollution of the working area with harmful emissions (gas, steam, moisture, dust, etc.) should be located in isolated rooms. This also applies to workshops that produce noise and also require special hygienic conditions. Premises for the production of food and technical products must be isolated from each other.
Cooled chambers, as a rule, should be designed in one common block with an entrance through the vestibule; It is not allowed to place them near rooms with high temperature and humidity. Refrigerated chambers, as well as rooms for storing and preparing food products for sale, cannot be located under showers, toilets, washing rooms and other rooms with sewer drains.
The selection and arrangement of technological equipment must fully comply with production tasks. The location of technological and refrigeration equipment must ensure easy access to it and compliance with safety rules in the workplace, create conditions for monitoring the production process, quality of raw materials,
semi-finished products, finished products, washing, cleaning, disinfection of equipment. Technological components that come into contact with food must be made of approved materials. Separate forklifts and other means of transport must be provided for raw materials, finished products, technical products and waste.
In production premises, it is necessary to provide for optimal or acceptable parameters of temperature, relative humidity, air speed, radiant energy (taking into account climatic zones, the period of the year and the category of severity and intensity of the work performed). Air pollution in the working area should not exceed the maximum permissible concentration, and noise and vibration should not exceed levels permitted by sanitary rules.
The architectural and construction part of the project is represented by floor plans and vertical sections of buildings and premises. The composition and area of the premises must correspond to the capacity of the designed facilities and ensure compliance sanitary rules and normal. A set of premises must be required, without which it is impossible to organize this production and ensure its proper functioning. sanitary regime. All premises must have sufficient (required) area and cubic capacity, and in food industry enterprises the volume of production premises for each worker must be at least 15 m 3, the area - at least 4.5 m 2, and the height of the room from floor to ceiling - 3 ,2m. In this case, it is necessary to keep in mind the maximum number of people employed in one shift.
Administrative and amenity premises can be located in separate buildings, an extension or built into the main production building. Household premises for workers in production workshops should be equipped like sanitary inspection rooms. Washbasins, shower nets and other sanitary equipment are calculated according to the number of workers in the largest shift.
The walls in production premises and storage rooms for finished products must be easy to clean, and therefore they must be tiled with tiles made from approved materials or covered with oil-based or water-emulsion moisture-resistant paint in light colors. The floors of production premises must be paved with approved materials (ceramic, metlakh tiles, concrete, etc.) and meet the hygienic and operational requirements of a specific food facility. The ceilings in the main and auxiliary production workshops should be covered with water-emulsion paints or whitewashed, in the showers they should be painted with oil paint, in other rooms lime whitewash can be carried out. If the room has elements protruding from the ceiling (beams, pipes,
To combat rodents, they include sealing holes in the walls, ceiling and floor, around technical entries - with brick, cement, cement-sand mortar with long metal shavings or steel sheets, upholstering warehouse doors with iron, laying a metal mesh with cells with a diameter of 12 mm under the floor boards . Hatches and ventilation openings must also be covered with metal mesh with cells with a diameter of no more than 5 mm.
In production workshops, dining and trading floors with constant presence of people, natural lighting must be provided. The orientation of the premises should promote maximum use of natural light. To increase illumination, walls, partitions, structures and equipment should be painted in light colors. The assessment of natural lighting is carried out by calculating the natural lighting coefficient (KEO) or light coefficient (LC). In most industrial premises with natural lighting, the upper KEO should be 2...3%, the side one - 0.4...1%, and the SC in industrial, commercial and administrative premises should be 1:6 - 1:8, and the depth of the premises at one-way side lighting should not exceed double the height from the floor to the top edge of the light openings.
The sanitary and technical part of the project contains data on water supply and sewer systems, methods of wastewater treatment, heating, ventilation, and artificial lighting. The water supply inlet must be located in an isolated, lockable room, have pressure gauges and taps for sampling water, check valves, and drainage drains. To avoid contamination of soils and water supply lines, water pipes are laid higher than sewer pipes. Water pipes in regions with cold climates must be laid below the soil freezing level, and sewer pipes - above, since the temperature of the wastewater is higher than the temperature of the tap water.
On the territory of the food industrial enterprise Storm drainage must be provided to collect precipitation, as well as water taps for cleaning the enterprise territory.
The floor plans must contain data that allows an assessment of the cold and hot water distribution network, slopes and drains for collecting wastewater, air gaps in the sewer network for receiving wastewater, and wastewater treatment devices.
For hot water supply networks, it is necessary to use approved materials that can withstand water temperatures above 65 ° C, since the temperature of hot water in the system must not be lower than this value. The amount of water must fully satisfy all the needs of the enterprise. Water demand is calculated in accordance with technological design standards and hygienic requirements. The technical water supply is designed to be separate from the drinking water supply. The pipelines of these water supply systems must be painted in different colors.
The building of a food enterprise has two sewage systems: for industrial wastewater and for domestic wastewater (fecal). In production and warehouses Only sewer pipes for industrial waste are laid in a hidden form. The connection of both systems with the city sewerage system takes place outside the enterprise building, and hydraulic seals are installed along the internal sewerage system to protect against the penetration of sewer odor.
The sanitary and technical part of the project must contain detailed drawings of ventilation and heating systems. When examining a ventilation project, it is necessary to take into account the quality of the supply air, the need for its cleaning, the type of ventilation (supply, exhaust, mixed, general exchange, local, etc.), its equipment and power, and air supply speed. All this must be justified by microclimatic parameters and indicators of indoor air pollution in connection with the technological process and the sanitary and hygienic requirements for them.
To localize hazards in rooms in which harmful substances, aerosols, excess heat and moisture are released, a negative imbalance should be established (i.e., with a predominance of exhaust over inflow); in rooms where there are no harmful emissions, there is a positive imbalance (inflow prevails over exhaust). In workshops with significant heat generation, air conditioning should be provided. Air cooling curtains should be designed at the openings of the furnaces; air blowing - when workers are constantly at stoves, ovens and other heated equipment that generates a significant amount of radiant heat (300 kcal/m2 or more for 1 hour).
The quantity of sanitary-technical and sanitary-hygienic equipment and specific technical requirements for its operation are established by the relevant sanitary and construction regulations. Optimal equivalent levels of intermittent sound in a food plant should not
exceed 70 dBA. In rooms that generate noise, it is necessary to provide for finishing the walls and ceiling with sound-absorbing materials in the sound absorption range of 250...300 Hz.
If the presented project fully complies with the current sanitary rules and regulatory and technical documents, a positive sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the project is drawn up. In the case of using a standard project that fully complies with sanitary and construction standards and regulations, instead of the project examination stage, the project is linked to the area.
Linking the project to the area. When using approved standard projects, the “local reference” project is subject to agreement with territorial institutions authorized to carry out State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision. If individual and re-construction projects fully comply with the rules and regulations (which is certified by the chief engineer of the project), they, like standard ones, do not require approval. However, for them, as well as for standard projects, “binding” is necessary.
During georeferencing, the following are assessed:
General plan of the site;
Vertical layout (with the establishment of absolute geo
physical marks of the first floor of the building);
Placement of the basement, basement, and sometimes the first
floors depending on the terrain;
Recycling of foundation structures in connection with hydrogeological
gical and topographical conditions;
Development of connections to water supply and sewerage networks
tions, district heating, gasification, electrification, communications; bonds
fishing adjacent to overpasses, tunnels, other transport
structures and communications;
Thickness of external walls or enclosing insulating layer
structures, compliance of load-bearing structures covering with snow
gov and wind loads in the construction area, number and type
pov heating and ventilation devices, answering
corresponding to the climatic conditions of the construction area.
Construction control. The purpose of supervision at the construction stage is to ensure control of the compliance of the facility under construction with the project in terms of compliance with the requirements of sanitary rules and regulations. Supervision at the construction stage is carried out in accordance with calendar plan visiting a facility under construction and, as a rule, includes three stages:
Checking the correctness of laying the foundation;
Monitoring the implementation of hidden (inaccessible to inspection) heat
lo-, hydro- and sound-proofing works;
Quality control finishing works and implementation of measures
environmental protection activities.
Control over the commissioning of the facility. Acceptance and commissioning of facilities after completion of their construction or reconstruction is a form of assessing compliance with the safety requirements of food facilities necessary to ensure the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population. This procedure is subject to mandatory approval from institutions authorized to carry out State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance. In this case, the main attention should be paid to:
Fulfillment of requirements master plan in part of the zoniro
territory, building density, landscaping,
installation of access roads, equipment of product delivery points
tion and waste disposal;
Compliance with the layout of premises and their finishing installations
requirements and characteristics included in the project;
Complete installation of planned equipment (technical
logical, sanitary, transport) and quality
its adjustments;
Checking the functioning of the water supply, sewerage,
captivity, ventilation, lighting;
The quality of water, air quality in closed work spaces, noise,
vibration, electromagnetic radiation;
Organizational and technical capabilities of implementation
perform production control;
Organization of activities to prevent pollution
environment.
During the acceptance of a food facility and its commissioning, it is necessary to carry out a test run using all installed equipment (in full technological cycle mode) and obtaining a pilot batch of products. At the same time, the feasibility of implementing the proposed programs is assessed. production control in full. Samples of food products are subjected to sanitary and epidemiological examination with the study of all regulated indicators for this type of product. Only after receiving confirmation of the quality of the products produced, the institution authorized to carry out State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision approves the production control program and issues a permit for the ongoing operation of the food facility.
V. Industry target programs and a set of supporting measures to solve problems
In order to increase the efficiency of development of food industry sectors, the practice of developing and adopting sectoral programs is becoming preferable.
To increase the efficiency of the beet-sugar subcomplex and achieve the indicators for the volume of sugar production from sugar beets established by the State Program for 2008 - 2012, an industry-specific target program for the development of the beet-sugar subcomplex in Russia for 2010 - 2012 is being implemented.
The growth in livestock production and the lack of modern livestock slaughter facilities required the development and adoption of an industry program for the development of primary livestock processing for 2010 - 2012.
In order to increase the consumption of cheese and butter and increase their production volumes and reduce imports, an industry-specific target program for the development of butter and cheese making in Russia for 2011-2013 was approved. The strategic objective of the program is to create a new technological structure in butter and cheese making on an innovative basis, increasing their competitiveness taking into account modern challenges and threats from the world market.
Supporting social stability and ensuring social protection various categories of citizens will stimulate economic growth in the food industry and create conditions for expanding domestic demand in the food market.
Along with the development of industrial production within large agricultural holdings, new organizational forms. These are primarily small enterprises located in small towns and rural settlements, engaged in wide range processing of agricultural products based on available resources of agricultural raw materials, wild plants. These industries play a critical role in solving social problems- increasing employment, creating new jobs, improving the quality of life of citizens of these regions, and also solving the problem of sustainable supply of products at reasonable prices, accessible to various segments of the population.
Small businesses play a significant role in the flour-grinding and baking industries, in the production of canned fruits and vegetables and fish preserves. The volume of flour production by small enterprises is up to 30 percent, bakery products - more than 20 percent, canned mushrooms, vegetables and fruits - up to 45 - 50 percent of the total production volume.
Involving the population in the consumer cooperation system will allow increasing by 2020 the share of production of canned mushrooms, fruits and berries by small enterprises to 60 percent, and bakery products to 35 percent. Given the increased requirements for flour quality, the share of production by small enterprises will be reduced to 20 percent.
The creation of a national system for supporting innovation and technological development based on large-scale technological renewal of production using advanced scientific and technical developments will ensure the transition of the economy to an innovative path of development and create the necessary conditions for full implementation competitive advantages Russian food producers to ensure food security countries.
To enhance the vector innovative development in the food industry and it is expected to use a new mechanism using a technological platform. A technological platform combining the efforts of business, government and science will help solve problems of food security, healthy nutrition of the population through the introduction of new technologies and biotechnologies, equipment for the production of a new generation of food products, including those enriched with minerals and nutrients, functional products, specialized therapeutic and preventive products. It is planned to use waste from food and processing enterprises to produce energy resources, which will increase production efficiency and reduce the harmful impact of enterprises on the environment.
By 2020, the issues of reducing the anthropogenic load on the environment in the areas where food and processing industry organizations are located must be resolved.
Achieving the set goal should be based on solving organizational and technical problems.
Organizational tasks include:
formation of an environmental control system in food and processing industry organizations and reporting of information;
implementation of environmental management in food and processing industry organizations;
inventory of pollutant emissions during the operation of technological equipment.
Technical challenges include:
introduction of technologies using modern energy-saving solutions and equipment that ensure comprehensive processing of agricultural raw materials and reduction of man-made impacts on the environment;
introduction of fundamentally new water recycling schemes with maximum return of water to production.
Investment projects aimed at developing the food and processing industry are closely linked to the directions of the state program for 2013 - 2020 and take into account the areas of activity of technology platforms for projects related to the bioindustry, bioresources and bioenergy.
Flour and cereal industry
The implementation of measures to stimulate grain production is linked to an increase in the volume of grain processing and increasing the export potential of finished products.
Organizations of the flour and cereal industry in 2010 produced 9,823 thousand tons of flour and 1,235 thousand tons of cereal, which fully meets the needs of the country's population and related industries, as well as the country's security parameters for these types of products. At the same time, there are a number of problems that need to be solved for the development of the industry.
The technical equipment of existing mills and cereal plants is at a low level. There are 112 mills in the country with a total capacity of 7 million tons of flour per year (mills built before the revolution), 33 mills with a capacity of 2 million tons of flour were commissioned from 1917 to 1945, the remaining mills with a capacity of 8.2 million tons of flour were built in 1945 - 1980.
In cereal production, 30 percent of the capacities have been in operation since 1917 and about 14 percent are pre-war facilities. Half of the existing factories were commissioned before the 80s of the last century.
Thus, about 50 percent of mills and cereal enterprises have been in operation for 30-40 years and are outdated in their technical equipment, use imperfect equipment and technologies, are energy-intensive, and are not automated, which does not allow producing products with high quality indicators.
implementation energy saving technologies, ensuring deep processing of grain, increasing the yield of finished products per unit of grain raw materials;
streamlining the production of flour and cereal products, expanding their range and improving quality, reducing imports of cereal-based products by increasing domestic production;
introduction of new technologies for recycling waste from cereal production (husks) to produce feed products and raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry.
To achieve these goals, it is necessary to solve the following main tasks:
introduction at 200 milling plants of lines for enriching premium and first grade wheat flour with vitamins and mineral additives;
introduction of modern technological equipment at 350 mills, providing improved preparation of grain for grinding, and thereby reducing energy costs for grain processing by 30 percent and increasing the yield of finished products by 2 percent;
introduction at cereal factories of 38 lines for the production of instant products or ready-to-eat products;
construction of 22 lines for processing husks, which is a waste product from cereal production, for the needs of livestock farming.
The implementation of the Strategy for the medium term (2013 - 2016) provides for:
introduction at 96 mills located in the Belgorod, Voronezh, Lipetsk, Moscow, Tver, Leningrad, Volgograd regions and Krasnodar Territory, lines for enriching premium and first-grade wheat flour with vitamins and mineral additives and bringing the production of fortified flour to 1 million by 2016 .tons;
introduction of modern equipment at 118 mills, ensuring the use of technologies for preparing grain for grinding and, as a result, reducing energy costs for grain processing by 30 percent and increasing the yield of finished products by 2 percent;
implementation at cereal factories in the Belgorod, Voronezh, Kursk, Tula and Rostov regions, in the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Republic of Tatarstan 18 lines for the production of instant or ready-to-eat products based on pre-cooking, infrared heat treatment, extrusion, as well as 44 photoelectronic separators and 44 extruders ;
commissioning at existing plants of 10 lines for processing waste from cereal production (husks) for the production of animal feed (30.5 thousand tons each).
The total investment volume will be 8453 million rubles, of which own funds organizations - 5072 million rubles and borrowed funds - 3381 million rubles.
Modernization of the flour-grinding industry will make it possible to increase the degree of grain processing, expand the range of manufactured products, involve secondary resources in economic circulation, and reduce the specific consumption of energy resources per unit of output. As a result, by the end of 2016, it will be ensured that the production volume of flour using modern technologies will increase to 1.5 million tons, fortified flour - to 1 million tons, cereal-based food products - to 300 thousand tons and feed for livestock - to 337 thousand tons.
Bakery industry
The industrial base of the baking industry is currently represented by 11.5 thousand small enterprises and 882 large and medium-sized enterprises and fully provides the population with the main food product - bread at the level of recommended consumption standards. The production volume of bakery products at large and medium-sized enterprises is about 80 percent, at small enterprises - 20 percent.
Taking into account the social importance of bread, the creation of effective conditions for the functioning of the baking sector based on the development of competition will create favorable conditions for the development of bread baking and increase the investment attractiveness of the industry.
Currently, there are the following problems hindering the development of the baking industry:
physical wear and tear of main production assets(50 - 80 percent);
low production profitability (1 - 3 percent);
dependence on foreign suppliers due to the lack of domestic baking equipment.
Industry development goals include:
improving the quality of bread and bakery products;
providing the population with bakery products in volumes and assortments that meet established rational consumption standards for an active and healthy lifestyle.
implementation of reconstruction and technical re-equipment of bakeries, workshops and areas for baking bakery products based on innovative technologies and modern resource-saving equipment - modernization of 959 technological lines with a capacity of 24 tons per day and 825 lines with a capacity of 12 tons per day;
expanding the range of bakery products produced, including through the introduction of innovative technologies that increase the nutritional and biological value of products, and the use of new generation packaging materials;
increasing the production of dietary and micronutrient-enriched bakery products to 300 thousand tons per year.
Carrying out the reconstruction and modernization of bakery production will reduce production costs, ensure a reduction in specific energy consumption per unit of output and ensure a minimum price level for manufactured bakery products.
The implementation of the Strategy for the medium term (2013 - 2016) provides for the modernization of the technological base of the baking industry with the updating of 618 main technological lines in 287 baking organizations in Belgorod, Bryansk, Voronezh, Kursk, Moscow, Ryazan, Tver, Leningrad, Nizhny Novgorod, Orenburg, Saratov and Sverdlovsk regions, Krasnodar and Stavropol territories, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Republic of Tatarstan and the Republic of Mordovia.
The total investment volume will be 43,728 million rubles, of which the organizations' own funds will be 26,236 million rubles and borrowed funds will be 17,492 million rubles.
Modernization of the baking industry will make it possible to expand the range of products produced, increase the nutritional and biological value of bakery products, and reduce the specific consumption of energy resources per unit of output. As a result, by the end of 2016, the renewal rate of fixed assets will be increased to 12.2 percent, and the volume of annual production of dietary and micronutrient-enriched bakery products will be increased to 130 thousand tons.
Fish processing industry
There are currently more than 680 small, medium and large organizations operating in the fish processing industry.
The most significant fish processing base is located in the Far Eastern fishery basin, where the production capacity is 2.4 million tons, or 55 percent of the total production potential of the industry.
About 19 percent production capacity located in the Northern Basin. The Western and Caspian basins each account for 12 percent of industrial processing potential. The Southern Basin's share is about 2 percent.
At the same time, the level of use of fish processing facilities in the coastal regions of the country is lower in comparison with the central regions due to a shift in the focus of fish processing from proximity to raw material reserves (aquatic biological resources) to proximity to centers of consumption of finished products, which is most likely due to a number of global factors, including the need rapid updating of the range of products and development of technologies for delivery, storage and processing of raw materials from aquatic biological resources.
Production capacities for canning production are used by 44.8 percent, culinary production - by 42.1 percent, smoking production - by 23.4 percent, freezing production - by 26 percent.
The production of fish products in the Russian Federation has stabilized over the past 5 years. In 2010, the fishery industry as a whole produced 4,570.9 thousand tons of commercial food fish products, including canned food (an increase of 1.5 percent compared to 2009). The basis of the total output of fish products is food products (about 90 percent of the total output, including canned food - 5 - 7 percent).
The ships produce more than 77 percent of frozen fish, more than 50 percent of fresh and chilled fish, almost 70 percent of fish fillets, and 89 percent of seafood. Coastal fish processing organizations are largely engaged in the secondary processing of raw materials and semi-finished products coming from fishing vessels and through imports, and are focused on the production of gastronomic products (cooking, smoked, salted fish, etc.), as well as canned fish and preserves.
A significant part of the production of such types of products as smoked fish, culinary products, spicy salted fish and preserves is concentrated in large industrial centers. At the same time, the share of own raw materials in their production is insignificant; the main volume of raw materials and semi-finished products in their production will be supplied from the regions where aquatic biological resources are extracted, as well as from imports.
The goal of the development of the fish processing industry is to expand the production and sale of competitive Russian fish and seafood products with a high share of added value, and to ensure on this basis intensive replacement of imported products on the domestic market with Russian-made products.
Achieving the stated goal is envisaged by solving the following tasks:
introduction and modernization on the territory of the Far Eastern Federal District of about 40 percent of the total processing capacity (more than 60 percent will be canning production capacity, refrigeration capacity will increase by 30 percent, which is planned to be located at the main coastal points to create reserves of raw materials during the inter-Putin period);
introduction and modernization of processing facilities in the Northwestern Federal District (it is planned to provide up to 34 percent of the all-Russian production of food fish products, of which about 50 percent will be for the production of canned food). At the same time, the main volume of production of food fish products will be provided by organizations of the fishery complex of the Murmansk and Kaliningrad regions;
development of the coastal processing base of the Southern Federal District, including the processing of fish from inland seas and aquaculture, the production of which is planned to increase by 2020 (up to 4 percent of food production, of which 13 percent will be the production of canned food). The priority direction in these areas is the development of canning and freezing production;
development of the processing base of fishery organizations in the Central Federal District, including the creation of at least 85 small enterprises specializing primarily in the production of an expanded range of fish gastronomy products. The development of the refrigeration capacities of organizations in the district is planned in the direction of the construction of 25 refrigerators of small and medium capacity (from 10 to 50 tons of simultaneous storage), which is associated with the creation large quantity small business organizations in the production and marketing of fish products.
The implementation of the Strategy for the medium term (2013 - 2016) provides for the modernization of the main production assets of 400 fish processing organizations.
It is planned to develop at the most intensive pace at least 150 fish processing plants in the Far Eastern Federal District (out of 224 medium and large fish processing organizations), by reconstructing production facilities and modernizing equipment, improving the quality characteristics, range and volume of output of highly processed fish and seafood products.
Fish processing organizations in the Murmansk and Arkhangelsk regions (49 medium and large organizations) are characterized by a low level of capacity utilization for the production of canned food, frozen fish, and fish gastronomy products. In this regard, with the commissioning of 3 new fish processing plants by 2016, 28 enterprises operating on the old technological base for processing fish raw materials will be updated.
The expansion of the processing base in the Leningrad and Kaliningrad regions, as well as in St. Petersburg (71 fish processing enterprises) is hampered by limited raw material resources. Further development of fish processing in this region will occur due to a reduction in the volume of frozen semi-finished products - cut-up products (fillets, etc.) and an increase in the production of canned food based on imported raw materials mined in the World Ocean. In the Northwestern Federal District, it is planned to modernize and install 34 new lines on the basis of existing organizations.
Development of the processing base of Yuzhny (72 enterprises) and Privolzhsky (39 enterprises) federal districts by 2016, it is focused on the modernization of 24 enterprises for processing products of industrial fish farming in inland waters.
The total volume of investments in organizations of the fish processing industry by 2020 will be 36,856 million rubles, of which the organizations' own funds - 28,352 million rubles, borrowed funds - 8,504 million rubles.
Improving the range and quality of products produced in the industry, increasing labor productivity, and taking measures to modernize fixed assets will increase profitability by an average of 12 percent, which will expand the tax base and ensure budgetary efficiency of the fishery complex as a whole.
In all districts, an increase in the production of live and chilled fish products will be ensured, both as raw materials and semi-finished products for fish processing organizations, and for consumption by the population.
As a result of the implementation of this set of measures, the share of highly processed aquatic biological resources produced in Russia on the world market will be 0.83 percent by 2016 and 0.94 percent by 2020. The renewal rate of fixed assets in the field of processing and canning of fish and seafood (excluding small businesses) will be 4.9 percent by 2016 and 5.8 percent by 2020.
Sugar industry
Russia's annual demand for sugar is 5.4 - 5.6 million tons. The resources of this product consist of domestic sugar production in the amount of 3.1 - 3.3 million tons and imports of raw sugar in the amount of 2.1 - 2.3 million tons.
The sugar industry of the Russian Federation has 79 operating factories, of which 34 factories were put into operation in the pre-revolutionary and pre-war periods, while the service life of a significant part of the equipment of sugar factories exceeds 20 years, and less than a third of the operating equipment corresponds to the modern technical level. The last sugar factory was built in 1985.
The production capacity of existing sugar factories amounts to 305 thousand tons of beet processing per day and allows the processing of 28 - 29 million tons of sugar beets within the standard time frame, producing up to 4.2 million tons of sugar, over 1 million tons of molasses, 20 million tons pulp, including up to 450 thousand tons of dried beet pulp.
Currently, moral and physical wear and tear of fixed assets, as well as the low rate of their renewal, are the most difficult problem to solve practical problems to improve the efficiency of the sugar industry in terms of ensuring its competitiveness and increasing labor productivity.
An analysis of the current state of the beet-sugar subcomplex shows the presence of imbalances between the volumes of beet procurement and the production capacity for its processing, which leads to losses of raw materials and is a limiting factor for further development.
Industry development goals include:
ensuring food security in relation to sugar established by the Doctrine;
increasing production efficiency and increasing the competitiveness of the sugar industry.
To achieve these goals, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:
construction of 6 sugar factories with a total processing capacity of 49 thousand tons per day in the Rostov, Kursk, Tambov, Lipetsk, Ryazan regions and in the Stavropol Territory, as well as reconstruction and technical re-equipment of sugar factories based on innovative technologies and modern resource-saving equipment and bringing the general level of production capacity up to 406 thousand tons of beet processing per day;
reduction of energy and water consumption, reduction of equivalent fuel consumption to 4.2 percent by weight of beets, including through the commissioning of biogas production plants based on the use of beet sugar production waste;
introduction of modern technologies for deep processing of sugar production by-products in order to increase the efficiency of its utilization and production of import-substituting products - amino acids and pectin;
construction of new, reconstruction and modernization of existing storage facilities for finished and by-products of sugar production, ensuring an increase in storage capacity of at least 600 thousand tons of sugar, 500 thousand tons of dried pulp and 400 thousand tons of beet molasses;
growth in domestic consumption of dried beet pulp and molasses, which are valuable feed additives for livestock farming, the basis for the production of baker's yeast, citric acid, as well as raw materials for the production of products in the food and processing, chemical and pharmaceutical industries;
taking measures to stimulate the export of main and by-products of sugar production.
The rapid development of the raw material base in relation to the increase in production capacity in the beet-sugar subcomplex in the near future may become a limiting factor in increasing the volume of sugar from sugar beets. The implementation of the Strategy for the medium term (2013 - 2016) provides for the construction of 5 sugar factories in the Tambov, Lipetsk, Ryazan, Rostov regions and the Stavropol Territory with a total production capacity of 42 thousand tons of beet processing per day, as well as the reconstruction of 32 sugar factories.
The total investment volume will be 75,300 million rubles, of which the organizations' own funds will be 22,590 million rubles, borrowed funds will be 52,710 million rubles.
Modernization of the sugar industry will increase sugar production, involve secondary resources into economic circulation to create a feed base for livestock, and reduce the specific energy consumption for processing 1 ton of sugar beet to 4.2 percent of fuel equivalent. As a result, by the end of 2016, the volume of sugar production from Russian raw materials - sugar beets - will be increased to 4.7 million tons.
Dairy industry
The production of dairy products in the country is carried out by more than 1,500 organizations of various forms of ownership, of which 500 are large and medium-sized.
The average annual capacity of milk processing organizations in 2010 was:
for the production of whole milk products - 16,483 thousand tons (capacity utilization - 57 percent);
for the production of cheeses and cheese products - 543.9 thousand tons (use - 63.4 percent);
for the production of butter and butter pastes - 614.4 thousand tons (use - 27.4 percent).
The market for whole milk products is fully provided by domestic production, but own production there is not enough butter and cheese to meet domestic demand. The share of imported products in the annual resources of butter and cheese is about 40 percent.
Despite the fact that milk processing organizations operate in conditions of limited raw materials, last years There has been a tendency to increase the production of whole milk products and cheeses. Thus, in 2010, compared to 2005, the production of whole milk products increased by 11.8 percent (up to 10.9 million tons), cheeses and cheese products - by 14.9 percent (up to 435 thousand tons). At the same time, the production of such a resource-intensive product as butter decreased by 4.9 percent (to 207 thousand tons).
The main problems hindering the development of the dairy industry include a decrease in the volume of production of dairy raw materials, seasonality of production, a low proportion of premium dairy raw materials, a lack of refrigeration units on dairy farms, as well as physical and moral wear and tear of fixed assets of dairy processing plants, most of which were built in the 70s - 80s of the last century and does not meet modern energy efficiency and environmental requirements.
The existing technical base does not provide comprehensive milk processing in order to produce competitive products from secondary milk raw materials: dry whey and milk sugar, milk protein concentrates and whole milk substitutes for feeding young farm animals, as well as nutritional and biologically active substances.
increasing the volume of production of dairy products from our own raw materials;
increasing the population's consumption of dairy products;
reduction in imports of commodity resources of milk and dairy products.
To achieve these goals, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:
increasing the production of dairy raw materials and improving its quality in order to increase the production of high-quality finished products;
construction of 64 facilities for milk processing, cheese production, whole milk products, whey processing and drying;
reducing the resource intensity of production through the use of modern technologies, reducing energy consumption and ensuring an improvement in the environmental situation in industrial areas of organizations;
reconstruction and technical re-equipment of 296 existing organizations;
involvement in economic circulation of secondary resources obtained in the production of dairy products;
expanding the range of products through the introduction of modern technologies that increase the nutritional and biological value of products, as well as the use of new generation packaging materials.
The implementation of the Strategy for the medium term (2013 - 2016) provides for the construction of 19 new plants and the reconstruction of 142 existing plants for milk processing, cheese production, butter production, whole milk products and processing in the Volga, Southern, Central, Northwestern and Siberian Federal Districts and whey drying.
The total investment volume will be 47,493 million rubles, of which the enterprises' own funds will be 14,248 million rubles, and borrowed funds will be 33,245 million rubles.
As a result, by the end of 2016, it will be possible to increase the production of whole milk products to 12.5 million tons, the production of cheeses and cheese products to 529 thousand tons, and the production of butter to 267 thousand tons.
Meat industry
In 2010, the meat industry consisted of about 3,660 enterprises located in all regions of the Russian Federation, including 460 meat processing plants, 1,200 meat processing plants and 2,000 meat processing plants.
Despite the growth in production volumes of meat products, the use of average annual capacities of organizations remains at a low level and for the production of the following types of products is:
meat - 46.1 percent;
sausages - 63.9 percent;
canned meat - 47.5 percent.
The bulk of the organizations have been in operation since the middle of the last century. The lack of a modern production and technological base for livestock slaughter is one of the limiting factors in the accelerated development of Russian beef cattle breeding and creates conditions for the import of large volumes of imported meat.
The state of the industry's production base requires solving a number of problems aimed at innovative and technological renewal of production and the introduction of investment programs in the field of raw meat processing.
The development goals of the industry are import substitution by increasing the volume of production of Russian commercial meat based on the creation of modern slaughter complexes, developing infrastructure and logistics support that contribute to expanding the possibilities (in terms of terms) of storing raw materials and products.
An integrated approach to solving problems of a diverse nature is reflected in the industry program for the development of primary processing of livestock for 2010 - 2012.
The program provides for the implementation of investment projects for the construction of large modern organizations for primary processing of livestock and increasing the capacity of such organizations. In order to intensify domestic beef cattle production, the implementation of the program will ensure an increase in the capacity for primary processing of livestock by 420 thousand tons of meat on the bone.
The strategy provides for solving the following tasks:
construction of modern facilities and increasing the capacity of organizations for primary processing of livestock to 2167 thousand tons of meat on bones per year;
introduction of new technological processes for organizing slaughter, complex processing of livestock and slaughter products based on innovative resource-saving technologies using robots and energy-efficient equipment and bringing the integrated indicator of processing depth to 90 - 95 percent;
expansion of the range of products produced (meat in carcasses, half-carcasses, cuts, packaged and packaged for retail chains), increasing its shelf life to 30 days;
increasing the collection and processing of by-product raw materials (skins, intestines, blood, bones, endocrine-enzyme and special raw materials, etc.) to produce various types of products;
reducing the environmental load on the environment in the area where organizations operate.
It is planned to build 33 modern production facilities for the slaughter and primary processing of livestock, of which 25 have an average capacity of 80 tons per shift and 8 have a capacity of 200 tons per shift. Reconstruction and modernization of the organizations' facilities with a total shift capacity of 2,590 tons will be carried out.
A limiting factor for the development of pig farming is the lack of capacity for primary processing of livestock. Implementation of the Strategy for the medium term (2013 - 2016) in such regions of active livestock farming as the Republic of Mordovia, the Republic of Bashkortostan, Bryansk, Rostov, Lipetsk and Kursk region, Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, provides for the construction of 3 industrial facilities for slaughter and primary processing of livestock with a total capacity of 600 tons of meat on bones per shift, 12 facilities with a total capacity of 960 tons per shift and modernization of existing facilities with a total capacity of 1290 tons per shift.
The total investment volume will be 54,400 million rubles, of which the organizations' own funds will be 16,320 million rubles, borrowed funds will be 38,080 million rubles.
As a result, by the end of 2016, it will be ensured that the capacity for slaughter of livestock and its primary processing is increased by 1,190 thousand tons of meat on the bone per year, the depth of processing is increased - the removal of products from 1 ton of the weight of slaughtered livestock to 90 percent, the range of manufactured products is expanded and increased its shelf life is up to 30 days, the involvement of secondary resources in economic circulation for the production of various types of products.
Fruit and vegetable canning industry
In the fruit and vegetable canning industry, over the past 10 years, positive dynamics of production volume growth have been maintained, despite a slight slowdown in the pace of certain types of products in 2008 - 2009.
In 2010, fruit and vegetable canning industry 6963 cubic meters of canned fruits and vegetables were produced (without baby food), or 108.4 percent compared to 2009. The increase was achieved mainly due to the production of canned fruit, including juice products, which are made from imported juice concentrates. The production of canned fruits increased by 14.5 percent compared to 2009 and amounted to 5,265 cubic meters.
The production of canned vegetables decreased and amounted to 876 cubic meters, or 90.7 percent compared to 2009, and canned tomatoes, respectively, 822 cubic meters, or 95.4 percent.
There are about 300 large and medium-sized enterprises in the industry, the average annual production capacity of which for the production of canned fruits and vegetables in 2010 was 15,903 cubic meters, capacity utilization was 46 percent.
In the field of processing fruit and vegetable products, key problems can be identified such as outdated material and technical base and processing technologies (with the exception of new capacities), the lack of a Russian raw material base, the high proportion of imported raw materials, and the low competitiveness of certain sectors of the fruit and vegetable industry.
To develop the industry, it is planned to increase the competitiveness of products through the modernization of existing facilities and the construction of new factories and workshops for the processing of crop products and the production of canned fruits and vegetables, as well as the creation of our own raw material base.
By 2020, it is planned to implement over 50 investment projects, including the construction of enterprises for the production of canned fruits and vegetables, bottling juices, drying and freezing vegetables, and producing tomato paste from Russian raw materials.
To resume the production of concentrated tomato products from fresh raw materials, it is necessary to increase their production volumes to 20 thousand tons. For this purpose, 10 technological lines for the production of tomato paste with a capacity of 12.5 cubic meters per year will be put into operation.
The implementation of the Strategy for the medium term (2013 - 2016) provides for the construction and reconstruction of 26 production facilities in the Southern, Central and Northwestern Federal Districts for the production of canned fruits and vegetables, including tomato paste, green peas, jams, compotes from Russian raw materials, and also for bottling juices, drying and freezing vegetables. In the Vologda region it is planned to build a plant for processing berries, vegetables and mushrooms, producing berry, fruit and vegetable juices and purees with an investment volume of 1600 million rubles, in the Republic of Tatarstan - construction of a plant for the production of canned vegetables and frozen fruits and vegetables.
The total investment volume will be 13,260 million rubles, of which the enterprises' own funds will be 3,980 million rubles, and borrowed funds will be 9,280 million rubles.
As a result, by the end of 2016, the production of canned fruits and vegetables will increase to 10,372 mb, canned tomatoes - 1,143 mb, canned fruit (including juices) - up to 8,136 mb.
Oil and fat industry
The oil and fat industry is an important branch of the Russian food industry. In 2010, its share accounted for 5.3 percent of the total volume of products sold by industrial organizations, more than 4 percent of fixed production assets and about 5 percent industrial personnel. In addition, it is a supplier of margarines, special purpose fats for the confectionery, baking and dairy industries, ice cream manufacturers, as well as meal and cake for the feed industry.
The production of vegetable oils is carried out by more than 200 enterprises, which produced 3,035 thousand tons of vegetable oils in 2010.
The capacity of Russian oil production organizations for processing oil seeds is 9.3 million tons per year.
The oil and fat industry has the potential to provide Russian consumers with domestic oil and fat products and the needs of livestock breeding with high-quality meal.
However, there are a number of problems in the industry:
insufficient supply of raw materials (8 - 10.5 million tons of oilseeds of all types are produced annually);
low diversification of the raw material base - rapeseed and soybeans are cultivated in extremely insufficient quantities, and oilseed flax, camelina and safflower are cultivated in non-industrial volumes;
low availability of equipment for deep processing of vegetable oils to ensure improved consumer properties of products;
poor introduction of elite seed material, including high-oleic and high-palmetine sunflowers, and modern agricultural technologies that prevent the occurrence of sunflower diseases;
insufficient technical equipment of oil production enterprises (one third of the capacities operate with reduced efficiency), which leads to production losses up to 10 percent. Only 66 percent are equipped with extraction lines; about 35 percent of existing refining lines require re-equipment;
high physical and moral wear and tear of equipment for the production of packaged vegetable oils, mayonnaise, sauces for retail consumption and public catering, special-purpose fats;
lack of technology for enriching meal with protein, which reduces the efficiency of oil factories and poultry farming organizations - consumers of meal;
lack of capacity to produce “protected” fats for animal feeding;
high physical wear and tear of soap factory equipment.
The industry development goals are:
expansion of the geography of oilseed production;
expanding the range of oilseeds produced and their processing products to provide the population with fat and oil products and animal husbandry with vegetable protein using innovative technologies;
equipping the industry with equipment for deep processing of vegetable oils;
increasing the export potential of the industry.
To achieve these goals, it is necessary to solve the following problems:
improving the raw material supply for the industry;
construction of 3 oil extraction plants with modern equipment and infrastructure with a total capacity of more than 5 thousand tons of oilseed processing per day;
reconstruction and modernization of 24 existing oil production plants using innovative technologies and resource-saving equipment;
reconstruction and modernization of existing oil and fat plants in order to equip them with modern lines for deep processing of vegetable oils and fats (equipment for hydrogenation, transesterification, fractionation);
construction of 2 soap factories and 1 plant for the production of soap shavings.
The implementation of the Strategy for the medium term (2013 - 2016) provides for the construction of 2 new oil production plants in the Southern and Volga Federal Districts with a total capacity of 3 thousand tons of oil seed processing per day, as well as the reconstruction of 12 existing oil production organizations. The increase in the capacity of oil production plants is determined by the growth of the raw material base due to an increase in the production of soybeans, rapeseed, flax, and camelina. Diversification of production will make it possible to expand the range of socially significant products produced for the population and increase the volume of vegetable protein production to create a feed base for livestock farming.
The total investment volume will be 47,580 million rubles, of which the organizations' own funds will be 14,274 million rubles, and borrowed funds will be 33,306 million rubles.
As a result, by the end of 2016, the production of sunflower oil will increase to 3,120 thousand tons, soybean oil - to 371 thousand tons, cakes and oilseed meal of all types - to 5,122 thousand tons.
Confectionery industry
The confectionery industry is one of the important sectors of the country's economy, which is designed to ensure a sustainable supply of high-quality food products to the population in the volumes and assortment necessary for the formation of a correct, comprehensively balanced diet at the level of physiologically recommended consumption standards.
Currently, the industry has 1,500 organizations located in almost all regions of the Russian Federation, including approximately 150 large and medium-sized specialized enterprises producing 55 percent of the total annual turnover products.
The industry is characterized as a successfully functioning link in the Russian agro-industrial complex, producing confectionery products, with a total average annual production capacity of 3.5 million tons with a utilization rate of 60.5 percent.
In 2010, the production volume of confectionery products in Russia as a whole amounted to 2856 thousand tons, or 20.1 kg per person. Consumption of confectionery products in Russia has almost reached European levels. At the same time, it is necessary to note the balance of consumption levels of flour and sugary confectionery products.
The share of imports of finished confectionery products in 2010 amounted to about 11 percent of such products on the domestic market, the share of exports was 6.3 percent of manufactured confectionery products.
In recent years, many confectionery organizations have modernized production with modern technological equipment with a high share of imported equipment and staffing with highly qualified personnel. However, wear production equipment for the industry as a whole it is 40 percent.
Currently, the Russian confectionery market is close to saturation; growth in production volumes in the future will mainly be achieved due to the most dynamically growing demand for confectionery products with specified quality characteristics.
The coming period until 2020 will be characterized by the re-equipment of certain types of production and process flows with highly efficient equipment, allowing the production of products of high, stable quality with the lowest production costs.
The production volume of confectionery products in Russia as a whole will be 3,175 thousand tons by 2020.
In order to improve the quality and competitiveness of products, it is planned to build 5 confectionery factories with a capacity of 30 to 75 thousand tons of products per year, as well as reconstruct and modernize 86 existing organizations.
The implementation of the Strategy for the medium term (2013 - 2016) provides for the construction of 2 confectionery factories with a total capacity of up to 100 thousand tons of confectionery products, as well as the reconstruction of 36 factories that produce high-quality products, including confectionery products with specified quality characteristics.
The total investment volume will be 36,300 million rubles, of which the organizations' own funds will be 10,900 million rubles, and borrowed funds will be 25,400 million rubles.
As a result, by the end of 2016, the production of confectionery products will increase to 3,005 thousand tons.
Starch industry
Organizations of the starch industry in 2010 produced 492.9 thousand tons of sugary starch products ( different types starch molasses, glucose-fructose syrups) and 145.7 thousand tons of starch. To produce the specified starch products, about 820 thousand tons of corn, 150 thousand tons of wheat and 30 thousand tons of potatoes were processed.
The domestic market's needs for starch are met by less than half; the starch deficit is about 200 thousand tons. Particularly significant is the import of modified starch, which amounts to 75 percent, potato starch - about 80 percent, crystalline glucose - 100 percent.
Based on the projected capacity of the market for starch products in the Russian Federation, promising production volumes of all types of starch in 2020 have been determined as 320 thousand tons, starch syrup - 640 thousand tons, glucose-fructose syrups - 180 thousand tons.
The achieved volumes of production of sugary starch products mainly meet the needs of the domestic market for these products.
The increase in product output at the leading operating enterprises in the industry will be achieved through the modernization of production using advanced domestic and foreign technologies and equipment. It is planned to create new large production facilities, including in the eastern regions of Russia, where there is practically no production of starch products and the market is filled mainly with imports.
The development of the production of glucose-fructose syrups is envisaged on the basis of highly efficient integrated processing of grain starch-containing raw materials with maximum use of all its components and the production of up to 30 percent of valuable by-products (corn gluten, corn oil, wheat gluten, high-protein feed), which will allow:
ensure a rational balance in the production of sugary substances from our own raw materials;
increase Russia's food security by reducing imports of raw sugar into Russia;
attract new sources of raw materials for sugar production and stimulate domestic producers of corn, wheat and other types of starch-containing raw materials;
increase the production of valuable protein products and feeds produced as by-products during the processing of grain starch-containing raw materials.
Taking into account the projected capacity of the market for starch products in the Russian Federation, it is planned to increase the production capacity of glucose-fructose syrups in the Russian Federation to 0.5 million tons by 2020, which will ensure import substitution of more than 350 thousand tons of sugar. Wherein total production of sugary starch products will be increased to 1 million tons by 2020. Capacities will also be created (up to 20 thousand tons) for the production of a socially significant type of product - crystalline glucose, including medical glucose of pharmacopoeial quality. Due to the integrated processing of potatoes, it is planned to increase the production of potato starch to 15 thousand tons.
The implementation of the Strategy for the medium term (2013 - 2016) provides for the construction of a starch plant for the production of 180 - 200 thousand tons of glucose-fructose syrups and 20 thousand tons of crystalline glucose, as well as the reconstruction of production facilities for the integrated processing of potatoes and an increase in the production of potato starch to 15 thousand tons.
The total investment volume will be 11,500 million rubles, of which the organizations' own funds will be 3,450 million rubles, borrowed funds will be 8,050 million rubles.
As a result, by the end of 2016, the production of starch will increase to 230 thousand tons, sugar products - to 790 thousand tons.
Salt industry
The salt industry, by the nature of the production process, differs significantly from other branches of the food industry; it is equated to the mining industries. Production is closely tied to the raw material base and is possible only in a limited number of economic regions that are sources of raw materials.
Salt mining in the Russian Federation is carried out in 3 main ways - underground (mine) mining of rock salt, open-pit mining of self-salting salt and evaporation of brine produced by leaching rock salt from brine wells.
The total volume of salt consumption in Russia over the past 5 years has fluctuated between 4.2 - 4.6 million tons per year, including table salt - 1.3 - 1.4 million tons per year. The main consumer of salt is the chemical industry, road construction and the oil and gas sector; the food industry accounts for up to 20 percent of the total volume of salt consumed.
The capacity of Russian salt mining companies is more than 12 million tons per year, the volume of salt production and sales is 2.6 - 2.8 million tons per year, or about 60 percent of the total market capacity. At the same time, the share of Russian companies is decreasing from year to year, and the load on main production facilities is about 20 percent.
A limiting factor in salt production for Russian producers is the high cost of transportation when transporting it to the end consumer.
Given the relative stability of the overall volume of the Russian salt market, a significant change is observed in its structure. With a decrease in Russian production, salt imports are growing, which increased 1.3 times compared to 2005.
To satisfy the needs of consumers and the market as fully as possible, work is constantly being carried out to optimize the range of products, improve consumer properties, as well as introduce new types of packaging. Russian manufacturers are actively doing a lot of work to improve the nation's health and prevent iodine deficiency diseases by producing iodized salt.
To meet the salt needs of livestock, methods are being developed to produce more durable salt briquettes. The range of nutrients and medicinal preparations added to salt briquettes has been expanded. An important direction in the development of the salt market is the development of the production of pharmacopoeial salt, which is currently completely imported into Russia from abroad.
In order to increase the competitiveness of the industry, profitability of production, product quality and ensure the necessary utilization of production capacity, it is planned to carry out reconstruction and modernization at 5 existing salt production plants based on new technological lines and packaging equipment.
The implementation of the Strategy for the medium term (2013 - 2016) provides for the reconstruction and modernization of 3 existing salt production plants using modern technological lines and packaging equipment.
The total investment volume will be 7,400 million rubles, of which the organizations' own funds will be 2,200 million rubles, borrowed funds will be 5,200 million rubles.
As a result, by the end of 2016, the production of table salt will increase to 1,200 thousand tons.
Production of food products to provide nutrition to certain categories of the population
Production of food products to provide nutrition for preschool and school age, students of secondary and higher educational institutions, military personnel, citizens in social protection institutions, healthcare, Federal service execution of punishments (hereinafter referred to as organized collectives) is a specialized area of the food industry.
The total population of food consumers in organized groups is quite stable and is estimated at 70 million people, including more than 5 million people - children from low-income families.
The potential volume of trade turnover of food products for feeding organized groups is approximately 1 trillion. rubles per year with the consumption of about 18 million tons of agricultural raw materials.
For the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation, providing food to organized groups is an important direction in creating sustainable demand for safe food raw materials and food products of Russian production; for entrepreneurs, it creates sustainable economic incentives necessary for the influx of capital in order to form new system production, processing, supply and sale of agricultural raw materials and finished products.
The main goals for the development of this area are:
increasing the supply of food products to organized groups through the introduction of modern energy-efficient technologies in food industry organizations for the production of balanced diets;
increasing the production of balanced nutrition for organized teams.
To achieve these goals, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:
creation of factories for the production of semi-finished products of varying degrees of readiness and ready-made dishes;
creation of production and logistics centers for the acquisition and delivery of food rations to organizations that provide food to organized groups;
carrying out reconstruction and technical re-equipment of facilities for the production of certain types of food products with specified properties at existing food industry enterprises, including for baby food;
ensuring industrial production of semi-finished products of varying degrees of readiness and ready-made meals for organized groups.
As a result of the implementation of the assigned tasks, the following will be ensured:
increase in capacity for the production of balanced nutrition on an industrial basis to provide organized groups with up to 500 thousand tons per year;
an increase in the production of semi-finished products of varying degrees of readiness, ready-made meals and certain types of food products with specified properties by 5.9 percent;
commissioning of up to 40 plants for the production of semi-finished products of varying degrees of readiness and ready-made meals;
commissioning of up to 55 production and logistics centers for the acquisition and delivery of food rations to organizations providing food to organized groups.
The implementation of the Strategy for the medium term (2013 - 2016) provides for the construction of up to 10 plants for the production of semi-finished and ready-made meals and up to 12 production and logistics centers using modern technological lines in the Leningrad, Moscow and Tambov regions, Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Mordovia.
The total investment volume will be 16,355 million rubles, of which the organizations' own funds will be 4,907 million rubles, borrowed funds will be 11,448 million rubles.
As a result, by the end of 2016, the production of ready-made meals and semi-finished products to provide food for organized groups at the newly introduced facilities will amount to 300 thousand tons.
VI. Regional development of food and processing industries
For a country like Russia, which has large territories, different natural and climatic conditions and a heterogeneous demographic composition, it is necessary to take into account the factor of spatial development. Spatial development involves taking into account both vertical (center-regions) and horizontal interregional economic, social and industrial economic relations. The search for sustainable integrity in the presence of the regional diversity of Russia and the increasing unequal impact of globalization on different territories of the country acts as a non-alternative imperative.
The nature of the location of food and processing industry organizations will be influenced by the factor of heterogeneity and unevenness of the socio-economic development of the country's territory, taking into account the high differentiation in population density and the resulting different levels of development of agricultural production and food production across territories. Income levels vary social categories citizens differ significantly across territories, which, through demand in the food market, affects the volume of food production. Spatial heterogeneity should not lead to the emergence of depressed areas and disruption of the sustainable supply of food products to the population.
The implementation of regional policy will make it possible to create an extensive transport network that will ensure high level interregional integration and territorial mobility of the population, timely delivery of food to remote areas of the country.
The balanced territorial development of the Russian Federation is focused on providing conditions that allow each region to have the necessary and sufficient resources to provide decent living conditions for citizens, comprehensive development and increasing the competitiveness of the regional economy, taking into account the development of the food and processing industries.
The territorial distribution of the main sectors of the food and processing industry will not undergo significant changes in the foreseeable future. Historically, this system was built taking into account the demographic development of the country's regions and the availability of raw materials for the food and processing industries. It is taking into account these main factors that the further development of the food and processing industries will take place.
At the same time, we cannot exclude scenarios in which individual sub-sectors focused on the development of new types of products using nano- and biotechnologies will develop in large metropolitan areas that have great scientific potential and a sufficient market for these products.
In the European part of the country, where more than 80 percent of the population lives, positive dynamics in the development of investment processes for new construction, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of food and processing industry organizations will be ensured.
The development of the agro-industrial complex of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, whose territories are located in the Central Black Earth region, is associated primarily with the use of its main competitive advantage - fertile lands, as well as with the use of advanced technologies Agriculture and modernization of agricultural processing industries.
In the Central Black Earth region, industries producing socially significant food products will receive further development. Large-scale investments are expected to be directed to the modernization and new construction of sugar factories in the Lipetsk, Tambov and Ryazan regions, with a unit capacity of 8 - 9 thousand tons of beet processing per day.
The active development of livestock farming will be accompanied by the construction of modern production facilities for primary slaughter of livestock with a capacity of 100 tons of meat per shift, as well as the technical re-equipment of existing capacities of the meat industry. An important area is the new construction of milk processing plants for 200 - 500 tons of milk processing per day in areas located in close proximity to livestock complexes.
A promising direction of development will be industrial production fruit and vegetable products, their processing using modern fast freezing technologies. This trend has become widespread abroad, and Russia imports such products in large quantities.
The development of the North-Western region is determined by the economic and innovative potential of St. Petersburg, access to the most important sea communications.
The presence of large cities in this region will create conditions for the development of markets for the meat, fish and dairy industries, the supply of products to which must be ensured by Russian producers. In the Vologda region it is planned to build a dairy plant with a capacity of 400 tons of milk processing per day with the production of milk powder.
The development of the southern regions of Russia is based on the use of competitive advantages - the most favorable natural and climatic conditions for agriculture, high recreational potential, transit coastal location, as well as significant demographic resources. However, the predominance of sectors with low labor productivity in the economic structure of most regions requires innovative development.
In the Stavropol Territory, a significant increase in gross beet production will require the construction of a new sugar factory. Increasing soybean production in the Krasnodar Territory will require the construction of plants for its processing with the production of vegetable oil and soybean meal for the production of animal feed.
In coastal and mountainous regions with high natural and recreational potential (the Republic of Dagestan, the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, the Krasnodar Territory and the Stavropol Territory), it is necessary to concentrate efforts on the priority development of agricultural tourism, winemaking and the fruit and berry subcomplex.
In regions with potential for the development of processing industries (Astrakhan, Volgograd and Rostov regions), economic development is aimed at introducing new technology and technologies for the production of products with high added value. At the same time, the research and educational potential of large urban agglomerations in the south of the Rostov region and the Krasnodar Territory creates the basis for the development of highly productive sectors of the new economy and biotechnologies. In these regions, production and industrial processing of fruits and vegetables will be actively developed. In the Rostov region, it is planned to build a large modern plant for the primary processing of pigs with a total capacity of 1 million heads per year.
The economic development of the Volga Federal District will be based on the modernization of the large industrial potential of the region and the new construction of production facilities in the food and processing industries. On the territory of this district it is planned to further develop the dairy industry with the production wide range whole milk products, butter and cheeses. The construction of modern enterprises with daily milk processing of 400 - 500 tons is possible in the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Republic of Tatarstan and the Udmurt Republic, as well as in the Kirov region.
The development of the food and processing industry in the regions of Siberia and the Far East will largely depend on government policy to stimulate population growth in these territories and use the huge potential opportunities for the development of the fisheries complex, agricultural production and processing in order to export agricultural products and fish processing products to the markets of countries Asia-Pacific region.
The development of this area will occur through the modernization of existing facilities and the new construction of dairy and cheese factories in the Altai Territory. The implementation of regional livestock development programs will be accompanied by the construction of production facilities for the primary processing of livestock.
Altai region has huge potential for the production of grain and flour and cereal products, which can be successfully exported to the Asia-Pacific free trade area.
In a number of regions of the Far East, programs to increase the volume of soybean cultivation are being successfully implemented, which requires the creation of modern production facilities in the Amur region.
The creation of a modern transport infrastructure will make it possible to ensure delivery in the foreseeable future. food products Asia-Pacific region to the territory of the Urals, thereby increasing the sustainability of the food supply of the population.
The creation of successfully functioning markets and regulatory institutions, as well as storage, transportation and distribution systems using innovative technologies, will facilitate the timely delivery of quality products to consumers.
The presence of large resource potential in this part of the country and its development will require the creation of a favorable investment climate to attract investments in the creation of a modern processing base, including agricultural raw materials (soybeans).
VII. Time frames and stages of implementation of the Strategy
Taking into account the great contribution of the food and processing industry to the country’s economy and the solution of demographic problems, governmental support should be optimized taking into account the macroeconomic indicators of the country's development. The transition to an innovative type of development involves the inclusion of new factors of economic growth that meet the challenges of the long-term period. The action of these factors will ensure that the Russian food and processing industry enters a sustainable growth trajectory in the range of 3.5 - 5 percent per year.
The peculiarity of the transition to an innovative type of development is to reach the level of developed countries in terms of production efficiency indicators in conditions of global competition, which is possible in the conditions of modernization of the technical base of industry, priority development of industries focused on the production of socially significant food products, ensuring the rapid development of industries that allow realize Russian competitive advantages to the maximum extent. This approach requires the implementation of a set of transformations interconnected in terms of resources, timing and stages.
The innovative development of the food and processing industry in 2013 - 2020 is expected to be carried out in 2 stages, determined by the development of the agro-industrial complex and the possibility of attracting investments in industrial modernization, as well as the allocation of budget funds for research and development work.
The sequence of tasks to be solved will be determined by a number of factors influencing the development of industrial sectors. In the medium term, the main factors include:
formation of the Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC);
Russia's entry into the World trade organization and related further liberalization of the agri-food market;
budget restrictions on providing government support to food and processing industries;
tightening control over compliance with environmental protection requirements;
the expected new technological innovation wave in the leading countries of the world, associated with the introduction of new technologies that make it possible to use non-traditional types of raw materials in processing and produce products with given parameters.
Under these conditions, in the first 4 years (2013 - 2016), the following tasks should be solved:
expanding the competitive advantages of fast-paying sectors of the food and processing industry that produce socially significant products and require large capital expenditures;
creating a favorable investment climate to attract third-party investments and establish cooperation in making mutual investments within the EurAsEC, forming economic institutions that stimulate business and investment activity;
harmonization of legislative and law enforcement practices with the countries of the EurAsEC, standards of individual countries with international standards of the ISO series, development of standards in the field of environmental protection;
creation of an effective system for recycling production and consumption waste;
providing a system for training mid- and lower-level personnel capable of managing modern technological processes.
Solving these problems will create the basis for beginning the transition to a new technological structure using resource-saving bio- and nanotechnologies, expanding production diversification and compliance with new requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of ecology.
At this second stage (2017 - 2020), the following tasks will be solved:
introduction of innovative technologies in all sectors of the food and processing industry, solving the problem of their staffing;
further integration of science, education and business;
expanding the positions of Russian companies in global food markets, thereby creating the necessary conditions for economic growth;
ensuring intensive technical modernization of production based on resource-saving, environmentally friendly technologies;
reducing territorial differentiation in the consumption of basic food products and bringing consumption to the level of rational standards.
By 2020, the accumulated potential of technology and investment, corresponding to industrialized countries, will determine the continuation of trends sustainable development food and processing industries based on the innovative vector of development as the main driving force of economic growth.
VIII. Organizational and economic mechanism for implementing the Strategy
The organizational and economic mechanism for implementing the Strategy determines the composition of its implementers, the forms of their interaction with each other, and a set of measures of a regulatory, legal and economic nature aimed at solving the assigned tasks.
The implementation of the Strategy is ensured by:
federal executive authorities, executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments;
individual medium and large processing organizations, integrated formations engaged in processing products, as well as organizations engaged in small-scale processing;
public non-profit organizations(industry unions, associations and associations);
transport organizations, storage organizations, financial and information support;
research and development organizations, higher and secondary educational institutions, scientific and production associations, consulting companies and etc.
The economic mechanism for implementing the Strategy is based on price, financial, credit, tax and customs and tariff policies determined by the existing regulatory framework.
The need to transition to an innovative type of development requires the creation of conditions at all levels of management for:
functioning of organizations involved in the development and implementation of innovative projects;
carrying out the activities of various financial institutions and individuals investing in innovative projects for modernizing the existing production and technical base and producing new generation products;
implementation of innovative technologies (bio- and nanotechnologies, resource-saving and environmentally friendly technologies) by manufacturers in organizations.
IX. Scientific support for the development of the food and processing industry
The successful implementation of the objectives set in the Strategy depends on ensuring the sustainable development of the food and processing industry based on knowledge-intensive approaches and innovative solutions.
The main directions in this area are:
development of fundamentally new technologies and equipment that ensure deep, complex, energy- and resource-saving processing of agricultural raw materials based on modern physical-chemical and electrophysical methods (including membrane, extrusion-hydrolytic, hyperbaric, cavitation and biotechnological methods) to create environmentally friendly production socially significant food and feed products with various functional properties;
creation, based on the latest achievements of genetics, microbiology, nanotechnology and computer science, modern principles of food combinatorics, technologies for the production of qualitatively new, import-substituting food products with a targeted change in composition and properties, using nano- and microcapsules for targeted delivery of biologically active substances into consumer products for various age groups of the population, products for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes;
improvement of biotechnological processes for processing agricultural raw materials, obtaining new types of products of increased nutritional and biological value using highly active recombinant and mutant strains and consortia of microorganisms - producers of enzymes, essential amino acids, bacteriocins, vitamins and other biologically active substances;
creation of biocatalytic and biosynthetic production technologies functional products nutrition using biologically active additives with immunomodulatory, antioxidant and biocorrective effects, pre- and probiotics to prevent various diseases and strengthen the body’s protective functions, reduce the risk of exposure to harmful substances, including for the population living in areas of environmental distress;
development of scientific foundations for the lifetime formation of specified quality and functional characteristics raw materials of animal and plant origin in order to create differentiated technologies for their processing and storage to ensure stable quality, storage capacity and minimize losses of target products;
development of an integrated system for monitoring, management, control, traceability of the safety and quality of raw materials and finished products at all stages, including production, storage, transportation and sales;
use of waste from the main production of industrial processed products as secondary raw materials.
For the purpose of innovative development of the food and processing industry, it is necessary to create a multi-level system of training and retraining of personnel based on the integration of the scientific and educational potential of research institutions.
X. Risks of implementing the Strategy
The implementation of the Strategy may be hampered by a number of significant factors that must be foreseen and their possible negative consequences minimized. These factors can be grouped into risk groups, among which are:
agroecological risks;
macroeconomic risks at the country level (political, social, foreign trade, market conditions);
micro-risks at the level of individual manufacturers.
Agroecological risks can impact the processing industries through a reduction in volumes and a decrease in the quality of agricultural raw materials supplied for processing due to unfavorable weather and climatic conditions, as well as natural and man-made emergencies. Risks in livestock farming (bird and swine flu, African swine fever, mad cow disease, foot-and-mouth disease, etc.) and the associated slaughter of a large number of livestock and poultry with subsequent disposal of carcasses should also be included in this group.
This will entail a reduction in the volume of food products and the use of production capacities of processing enterprises, create a food shortage in the domestic market, reduce or ban exports and violate obligations export contracts, increasing imports of raw materials and food.
Reducing these risks requires increasing the intensity of the crop and livestock industries (since their level of development is associated with the sustainability of agricultural production), as well as creating and maintaining the required volume of carry-over stocks of agricultural raw materials and finished food (grain, cereals, milk powder, animal oil, cheeses, canned goods, etc.), which, in turn, requires the availability of the necessary containers for their storage.
Macroeconomic risks associated with growth rates Russian economy and income of the population, tariff and customs, exchange rate and foreign trade policies, increased competition in the world market, etc. These risks can be divided into external and internal.
The main external risks include trade and economic risks caused by the liberalization of foreign economic activity, the expansion of protectionism in a number of countries, the possibility of introducing restrictions on agricultural policy measures, including domestic support for agriculture, tariff quotas and the level of customs duties. These risks will especially intensify in connection with Russia's accession to the World Trade Organization.
Reducing such risks should be associated with increasing incomes of the population, which will allow them to purchase more expensive and high-quality products.
This group of risks also includes competition from Kazakhstan, Belarus and Ukraine, which enter the foreign market independently and compete with each other, which does not allow each of these countries to resist competition from developed countries. foreign countries. Reducing this risk will be facilitated by the rapid achievement of consistency in their foreign trade policies within the framework of the EurAsEC.
A trade and economic risk for the implementation of the Strategy is the continued volume of imports of raw materials and finished food into Russia from non-CIS countries. World food prices have a steady upward trend, which will lead to an increase in the cost of importing a unit of product and an increase in its price on the domestic market.
The global financial crisis clearly showed the negative consequences of currency risk for the processing industry. It manifested itself when borrowing credit resources from domestic and international financial institutions through increasing fees for their use and reducing the volume of investments.
Among internal macroeconomic risks, the most serious may be social, technological and institutional risks.
Social risk is associated with rising food prices, lagging behind in the growth of per capita income of the population, a decrease in their purchasing power, and the persistence of a high gap between different social groups of the population in terms of the economic availability of food.
Reducing this risk should primarily consist of providing assistance to Russian commodity producers in increasing and sustainable production of agricultural products, in the formation of organized distribution networks for promoting products “from field to counter”, in regulation trading activities, which will help reduce the cost of agricultural raw materials, distribution costs and food prices.
The second direction to reduce this risk should be the creation of a system of guaranteed consumer access to food at affordable prices. This can be done through various shapes social assistance vulnerable segments of the population, which will be facilitated by the development of industrial food production to provide food for organized groups.
A technological risk includes the high dependence of the modernization of processing organizations on the supply of imported equipment. In almost all industries, updating the technological base of production relies primarily on the import of technologies, rather than on Russian developments.
If this situation persists, changes in political, trade and economic policies may become a significant factor in restraining this process and will keep the country lagging behind developed countries in the level of technical development, which is especially dangerous due to the objective need to transition to an innovative type of development.
Reducing technological risk and introducing innovations into production may be hampered by weak scientific, methodological and development support for developments to create innovative technologies and equipment, new food products, etc., which requires an increase in the level of funding for research, development and implementation activities in sphere of agro-industrial production.
Institutional risk is expressed in insufficient perfection legislative framework on the regulation of the agri-food market and the relationship between its economic entities, the lack of harmonization of Russian and international food safety requirements.
Micro-risks at the level of individual manufacturers are associated with the impossibility of updating the material and technical base to modernize production due to the lack of the necessary own financial resources. Suffice it to say that in 2010, every fourth organization in the food and processing industry was unprofitable, and average level profitability for the entire industry was 12.2 percent. This does not allow them to introduce resource-energy-saving technologies, achieve the required depth of processing of raw materials, solve environmental problems related to environmental protection, and enter the foreign market with competitive products.
The risk for each individual manufacturer may be a shortage qualified personnel, especially middle management, which will limit the possibility of introducing innovative technologies into production, as well as environmental risks caused by unfavorable climatic conditions, as well as the consequences of natural and man-made emergencies.
XI. Sources of financing
Currently, state support for food and processing industry organizations is carried out in accordance with the State Program for 2008 - 2012 and is expressed in the provision of subsidies to organizations of the agro-industrial complex, regardless of their organizational and legal form, from the federal budget to reimburse part of the cost of paying interest on loans received on the:
purchase of agricultural raw materials for primary and industrial processing;
construction, reconstruction and modernization of storage facilities for potatoes, vegetables and fruits, meat slaughterhouses, points for receiving or primary processing of farm animals and milk, including refrigeration processing and storage of meat and dairy products;
construction of facilities for deep processing of high-protein agricultural crops;
acquisition of technological equipment for primary processing of farm animals and milk;
acquisition of equipment for refrigeration processing and storage of the meat and dairy industries during primary processing of agricultural raw materials;
purchase of equipment for primary processing of flax raw materials;
construction, reconstruction and modernization of sugar factories.
Financial resources for implementing the provisions of the Strategy will consist of funds from private investors and bank loans.
XII. Monitoring and control of the implementation of the Strategy
Integrated management of the implementation of the Strategy is carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, which:
determines the most effective forms and procedures for organizing work to implement the Strategy;
coordinates the volume of financing for the next financial year and for the entire period of implementation of the Strategy;
coordinates the work of those implementing the Strategy’s activities;
determines priorities, takes measures to attract funds from extra-budgetary sources to finance the Strategy;
ensures control over the implementation of the Strategy, including the effective and targeted use of allocated financial resources, the quality of the Strategy’s activities, and the fulfillment of deadlines for their implementation;
collects reports on the progress of implementation of the Strategy's activities, prepares and, in accordance with the established procedure, submits information on their implementation to the Government of the Russian Federation.
It is advisable to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of the Strategy’s measures based on the use of target indicators that allow monitoring the dynamics of development of food industry sectors throughout the entire period of implementation of the Strategy.
Appendix No. 1
to the development of food and
processing industry
until 2020
Indicators of development of the food and processing industry
| year 2013 | year 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I. Flour and cereal industry | ||||||||
| Flour production (thousand tons) | 10020 | 10060 | 10080 | 10100 | 10150 | 10200 | 10250 | 10300 |
| Cereal production (thousand tons) | 1295 | 1340 | 1350 | 1360 | 1370 | 1380 | 1390 | 1400 |
| II. Bakery industry | ||||||||
| Fixed assets renewal rate (percent) | 11,5 | 11,7 | 12 | 12,2 | 12,5 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| Production of dietary and micronutrient-enriched bakery products (thousand tons) | 105 | 110 | 120 | 130 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 |
| III. Sugar industry | ||||||||
| Sugar production (million tons) | 4,4 | 4,5 | 4,6 | 4,7 | 4,8 | 5,2 | 5,3 | 5,4 |
| Equivalent fuel consumption (percent) | 4,7 | 4,6 | 4,4 | 4,2 | 4,1 | 4 | 3,8 | 3,7 |
| IV. Dairy industry | ||||||||
| Production of whole milk products (million tons) | 11,5 | 11,8 | 12,2 | 12,5 | 12,8 | 13 | 13,2 | 13,5 |
| Production of cheeses and cheese products (thousand tons) | 522 | 522 | 527 | 529 | 531 | 536 | 541 | 546 |
| Production of butter (thousand tons) | 264 | 264 | 265 | 267 | 270 | 273 | 276 | 280 |
| V. Meat industry | ||||||||
| Increase in capacity for livestock slaughter and its primary processing (thousand tons of meat on bones per year) | 266 | 301 | 364 | 259 | 259 | 259 | 249 | 210 |
| VI. Fruit and vegetable canning industry | ||||||||
| Production of canned fruits and vegetables (mub) - total | 9485 | 9773 | 10064 | 10372 | 10659 | 10963 | 11276 | 11597 |
| including: | ||||||||
| canned tomatoes | 1020 | 1083 | 1113 | 1143 | 1148 | 1160 | 1173 | 1185 |
| canned vegetables | 1019 | 1021 | 1052 | 1093 | 1131 | 1171 | 1212 | 1255 |
| canned fruit (including juices) | 7446 | 7669 | 7899 | 8136 | 8380 | 8632 | 8891 | 9157 |
| VII. Oil and fat industry | ||||||||
| Sunflower oil production (thousand tons) | 3000 | 3040 | 3080 | 3120 | 3170 | 3200 | 3260 | 3300 |
| Soybean oil production (thousand tons) | 259 | 291 | 328 | 371 | 375 | 390 | 400 | 423 |
| Production of oilseed cakes and meal of all types (thousand tons) | 4706 | 4849 | 5018 | 5122 | 5239 | 5317 | 5460 | 5564 |
| VIII. Confectionery industry | ||||||||
| Production of confectionery products (thousand tons) | 2955 | 2965 | 2974 | 3005 | 3040 | 3065 | 3100 | 3175 |
| IX. Starch industry | ||||||||
| Starch production (thousand tons) | 180 | 190 | 220 | 230 | 250 | 260 | 280 | 320 |
| Production of sugar products (thousand tons) | 560 | 650 | 720 | 790 | 840 | 900 | 950 | 1000 |
| X. Salt industry | ||||||||
| Table salt (extraction) (thousand tons) |
1150 | 1170 | 1185 | 1200 | 1220 | 1240 | 1260 | 1290 |
| XI. Production of food products to provide food for organized groups | ||||||||
| Production of ready-made meals and semi-finished products to provide food for organized groups at newly commissioned facilities (thousand tons) | 100 | 175 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 | 500 |
| XII. Fish processing industry | ||||||||
| Production of fish and fish products, processed and canned (thousand tons) | 3886 | 4032 | 4200 | 4345 | 4450 | 4590 | 4826 | 5255 |
| Average per capita consumption of fishery products (kg) | 23 | 24 | 24,5 | 25 | 25,3 | 26,2 | 27,1 | 28 |
| Share of Russian food fish products on the domestic market (percent) | 80,1 | 80,5 | 81 | 81,5 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 |
| Index of production of food products, including beverages, and tobacco (percentage) | 103 | 103,1 | 103,5 | 104,1 | 104 | 104,1 | 104,3 | 104,3 |
______________________________
*Based on household survey.
Appendix No. 2
to the development of food and
processing industry
Russian Federation for the period
until 2020
Volumes of investments in the development of a number of sectors of the food and processing industry
(million rubles)
| 2013-2020 - total | Including | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year 2013 | year 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | ||
| Flour and cereal industry | 18360 | 1628 | 1978 | 2399 | 2448 | 2779 | 2186 | 2489 | 2455 |
| Bakery industry | 98232 | 10608 | 10800 | 11016 | 11304 | 12672 | 13128 | 14328 | 14376 |
| Sugar industry | 136700 | 17600 | 18600 | 20300 | 18800 | 13100 | 15800 | 15900 | 16600 |
| Dairy industry | 99700 | 12078 | 12141 | 11688 | 11585 | 12672 | 12788 | 13172 | 13576 |
| Meat industry | 99150 | 14300 | 14200 | 14900 | 11000 | 11350 | 11100 | 11500 | 10800 |
| Fruit and vegetable canning industry | 27110 | 3200 | 3260 | 3300 | 3500 | 3250 | 3430 | 3530 | 3640 |
| Oil and fat industry | 98000 | 13060 | 13660 | 8860 | 12000 | 14800 | 12000 | 12020 | 11600 |
| Confectionery industry | 79900 | 8500 | 8900 | 9200 | 9700 | 10400 | 10900 | 11000 | 11300 |
| Starch industry | 25600 | 2500 | 2800 | 3000 | 3200 | 3300 | 3400 | 3600 | 3800 |
| Salt industry | 16300 | 1500 | 1800 | 2000 | 2100 | 2150 | 2200 | 2250 | 2300 |
| Fishing industry | 36856 | 3386 | 3592 | 3960 | 4389 | 4784 | 5169 | 5638 | 5938 |
| Production of food products to provide food for organized groups | 41918 | 1873 | 2745 | 5374 | 6363 | 6363 | 6400 | 6400 | 6400 |
| Total | 777826 | 90233 | 94476 | 95997 | 96389 | 97620 | 98501 | 101827 | 102785 |
| Index of physical volume of investments in fixed capital of food industry sectors (percent) | 103,1 | 102,7 | 101,8 | 102 | 101,2 | 100,9 | 101,3 | 102,2 | |
Document overview
The Strategy for the Development of the Food and Processing Industry of Russia for the period until 2020 was approved.
The goal of this industry is to ensure a guaranteed and sustainable supply of safe and high-quality food to the country's population.
The state of the industry is analyzed, its main systemic problems and ways to solve them are identified. Goals, objectives and time frames for implementing the strategy have been determined.
Thus, by 2020 it is planned to implement more than 50 investment projects, including the construction of enterprises for the production of canned fruits and vegetables, bottling juices, drying and freezing vegetables. By the end of 2016, the production of canned fruits and vegetables should increase to 10,372 mb, canned tomatoes - 1,143 mb, canned fruit (including juices) - to 8,136 mb.
As part of the development of the oil and fat industry in the Southern Federal District and Volga Federal District, it is planned to build 2 new oil production plants with a total capacity of 3 thousand tons of seed processing per day and reconstruct 12 existing ones.
Certain types of production and technological flows of the confectionery industry will be re-equipped with equipment that will allow them to produce products of high, stable quality at the lowest cost. It is planned to build 5 confectionery factories with a capacity of 30-75 thousand tons of products per year and reconstruct and modernize 86 more.
To develop food production to provide nutrition to certain categories of the population, the following is necessary. Increase the production of semi-finished products of varying degrees of readiness, ready-made meals and certain types of food products with specified properties by 5.9%. Put into operation up to 40 plants for the production of semi-finished products of varying degrees of readiness and ready-made dishes.
An international conference was held at the International Industrial Academy (Moscow) on November 28-30, 2011 “Modernization of the food industry in solving problems of food security in Russia.” Representatives of business, government agencies, regulatory organizations, investment companies and scientific institutions gathered to discuss priorities related to the modernization of food production and develop a unified strategy.
The conference was organized by:
· Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation;
· Association of Industry Unions of Agro-Industrial Complex “ASSAGROS”;
· International Industrial Academy.
You can’t survive without modernizing the agro-industrial complex
Accelerated technical modernization for the meat industry it is a necessary condition for survival. According to E. Skrynnik, Minister of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, the Russian Ministry of Agriculture attaches great importance to both the determination of the main guidelines for the agricultural sector and their technical and technological re-equipment.
“Modernization is the most important component of the system for ensuring food security in Russia,” emphasized G. A. Gorbunov, Chairman of the Federation Council Committee on Agricultural and Food Policy and Fisheries Complex.
V. A. Butkovsky, Rector of the International Industrial Academy, drew the attention of those present to the state of the technical base of the processing industries - it is such that it is impossible to do without technical re-equipment and reconstruction of existing production facilities, as well as the construction of new, highly efficient food enterprises based on innovative technologies, and This requires a favorable investment climate. According to his estimates, in general, more than half of the food enterprises need investment for modernization, despite the active supply of Money in the industry recently - more than 200 billion rubles. annually.
“Modernization of agro-industrial production should solve one of the main problems today - increasing the competitiveness of national producers,” noted S. N. Seregin, Deputy Director of the Department of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. – In this regard, the role of the state should be strengthened. This is also evidenced by Foreign experience. Analytical estimates show that to prevent a decline in production and for further development of the industry, government support at the level of 80–90 billion rubles is needed. annually".
Accession to the WTO is a driving force for modernization
The meat sector of the agro-industrial complex has just begun its renewal. Investments in poultry farming have borne fruit; this industry was the first to reach the level of internal self-sufficiency. Pig farmers were supposed to come second, but life made its own adjustments. From now on, meat processors will have to resolve difficult issues that have accumulated over the years of economic reform in very difficult conditions. Now the industry will be influenced not only by internal factors, but also by macroeconomic processes, the most important of which, of course, is Russia’s accession to the WTO. As you know, one of the main demands of this community for its members is the abandonment of customs and tariff regulations and severe restrictions on direct government assistance to agricultural producers.
“Pork production is at risk due to the cancellation customs duty for the import of meat and its reduction to 5% for the import of live pigs within the WTO,” noted S. V. Kiselev, head of the department of agricultural economics at Moscow State University. M. V. Lomonosov.
Under such conditions, the investment attractiveness of the meat sector decreases, which makes its products less competitive on the world market. On the other hand, the conditions of the WTO, as well as the Customs Union, encourage Russian manufacturers to increase their competitiveness.
“The complexity and scale of the tasks facing the agro-industrial complex require a new quality of management at all levels of the complex, targeted allocation of funds from the state budget within the framework of industry programs,” said S. N. Seryogin, “and only concentration on priority areas of joint efforts on the basis of private-public partnership can provide solutions to industry problems and reduce Russia’s import dependence.”
Modernization is a factor in food security
According to S. N. Seregin, currently the processing industries of the agro-industrial complex show a steady trend for development. Statistics show that in 2010 the production index amounted to 106.4%, investments in the food industry reached 142.2 billion rubles, and the share of unprofitable enterprises decreased to 24.9%.
Russia began to export food products and raw materials for them: in 2010, 42 thousand tons of meat were sold (in the form of raw materials and products) worth $36.2 million. This does not mean that our country has reached the level of self-sufficiency (in 2010 . food and agricultural raw materials worth $36.4 billion were imported). To achieve food security criteria, Russia needed 6–6.5 million tons of raw meat in 2011, and by 2020 the required volume of meat resources will increase to 9–10.5 million tons, and at least 85% of this amount will have to be produced within the country.
A. B. Lisitsyn, director of the All-Russian Research Institute of Meat Industry named after. V. M. Gorbatova, analyzing the possibility of producing such a volume of meat products, identified the main factors for the growth of food production: internal (development of the raw material base, industry science, market infrastructure, modernization of production, formation of modern development institutions, growth of real incomes of the population) and external ( protectionist government policy to protect the national agri-food market, favorable conditions for joining the WTO, participation in the international division of labor, stimulation of exports of agricultural raw materials and food).
Modernization scenarios for the long term, according to A. B. Lisitsyn, may be as follows:
1. Modernization from above. In this case, the main investments will be made from public funds. As a result, economic growth may be 1–2% per year, and GDP per capita – 25–30 thousand dollars.
2. Fundamental changes in the economy. They can occur as a result of reforming the political system, carrying out fundamental changes in the economic and social spheres. Then GDP per capita will probably increase to $35-36 thousand.
3. Modernization from below. This option involves gradual evolutionary development, economic liberalization and increased business activity.
New directions - new opportunities
In the meat industry, A. B. Lisitsyn identified two promising directions: biotechnological and nanotechnological. According to expert forecasts, by 2030, 50% of all agricultural products in the world will be produced using biotechnology. For the meat industry, this means improving the technological characteristics of raw materials, their formation during the life of animals, reducing the duration technological process, the possibility of targeted accumulation of nutrients that promote health.
We must not forget that new technologies also come with risks. Therefore, when introducing them, it is necessary to strengthen production safety control. In EU countries, a manufacturer of meat products is required to track the origin of the raw materials they work with. In Russia, limiting the entry of low-quality products into the domestic market after joining the WTO will be regulated by the requirements provided for in the Technical Regulations (HACCP system, origin tracking, safety indicators), as well as those imposed on traditional products in national standards (GOST).
Another goal of meat product manufacturers is to reduce losses during storage, processing and transportation. According to A. B. Lisitsyn, currently up to 3.3% of the mass of raw meat and up to 6.3% of meat products are lost only as a result of shrinkage. And if we also count the damage from the fact that technologies for processing slaughter by-products have not been introduced at primary livestock processing enterprises, then the loss figures in the meat industry will increase many times over.
“Modernization of industry,” says A. B. Lisitsyn, “is not only the development and implementation of new equipment, it also includes other areas: organizing a system of integral (throughout the entire chain of processing, transportation and storage of raw materials and finished products) quality control and security; creation of new generation products based on biotechnology and nanotechnology; introduction of “end-to-end” technologies with a closed processing cycle and reduction of losses of raw materials, as well as nutrient-saving technologies; providing all products with packaging that allows them to maintain their quality and safety; the formation of a modern infrastructure for transportation and logistics, as well as a social nutrition system.”
Are there any practical examples?
Yu. F. Ovodkov, Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Food Ryazan region, provided data confirming that state support is needed by agricultural producers at the present time. According to the programs for the development of the food and processing industry in the Ryazan region adopted by the ministry, in 2011 total amount According to preliminary estimates, investments in this industry amounted to 1,800 million rubles, and the volume of livestock and poultry production reached 79.6 thousand tons (in live weight). There are already eight megafarms operating in the region and seven more large livestock enterprises are being built. In total, 19 investment projects are currently being implemented on Ryazan soil. As a result, by 2014 it is planned to increase the production of livestock and poultry to 108 thousand tons in live weight.
Thus, government support is necessary for our food industry so that its products can compete adequately in the foreign market and so that the consequences of joining the WTO do not lead to the collapse of the industry. The business community and government authorities must act together, because food production is the most important factor in national food security.
