Interaction of local government bodies with public and other associations of citizens, citizens and business entities. Public associations, types, structure, registration

Russia is moving along the path of socio-economic transformations, and many researchers associate their progress with the construction or development of civil society.

The problem of the formation of civil society in Russia is given serious attention by scientists, practical leaders, political and public figures. It has become an integral part of modern ideas about society, democracy, and the rule of law.

The emergence of civil society is reflected in many program documents states and governments, political parties and movements.

Civil society grows out of the needs of society to overcome antagonism and contradictions, harmonize and harmonize social forces.

Its main meaning and direction is to fulfill a person’s destiny in his specific historical and nationally specific conditions, including the expression of his individual strengths and abilities, the “highest” manifestation of which are civic qualities.

Achieving civil society is carried out in two ways - independence of action and interaction. The first method means that to unite various interests, autonomy and independence, self-government of subjects is necessary, and on the other hand, relations between subjects striving for such unity are possible only on the basis of combining efforts on the basis of cooperation.

The central component of civil society are public associations. It is here that direct and real connections between society and the state, the individual and the government are realized, the rights and freedoms of the individual, their initiative and independence are realized, the level and nature of democracy, the fullness of the meaning of human existence as such are manifested.

According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, public associations are intermediaries between society and the state. The objective possibilities of transforming our society into a civil democratic society are concentrated here, therefore the development of the problem of social partnership in the interaction of municipal authorities, as local governments and non-profit organizations is relevant and timely.

The emergence of a market economy in Russia led to a sharp drop in the living standards of the population, to the stratification of society, and to a crisis in the social sphere of the state. In the current situation, the problem of creating a strong state social policy becomes especially acute.

IN modern Russia it is necessary to create living conditions for the population that would meet the interests and needs of every Russian citizen. Achieving this goal is associated, first of all, with the territorial community of people living together, where life activities are ensured by local municipal authorities capable of creating conditions for social harmony and social partnership of people living in a given territory.

Solving the problem of achieving agreement, dialogue, cooperation, partnership between various social strata, between local governments and public organizations is an extremely important and urgent task of the current stage of the historical development of our society.

The relevance of the dissertation work lies in revealing in the system of relations between the population and local authorities the prerequisites for constructive contacts on cooperation, mutual consideration of the interests of the subjects social interaction, in searching and finding mutually acceptable solutions on issues of life of the population. The readiness of municipal authorities for social cooperation with public organizations is the main condition and guarantee of social stability in society.

Within the framework of the social crisis experienced by Russian society, the problem of social partnership between the state and the non-profit sector, especially at the lower level of government closest to the population and most closely connected with it, becomes relevant.

The basis of social partnership at the local level is self-government, which is characteristic of both local authorities and public associations, which creates additional conditions for their interaction.

No less important factor development of social partnership, social activity of the individual and the need to demonstrate personal initiative in the implementation of social policy. It is necessary to activate the population to participate in activities public associations as a means of expressing civic position and a tool for influencing the adoption management decisions in social policy.

Creating conditions conducive to the formation and development of social partnership, researching ways and methods of its practical implementation at the local level contributes to the development of the democratic functions of society, moving it along the path of democratization and building a civil society, which is extremely important for Russian reality.

Research on the role of public organizations in the decision process social problems at the level of local government, modeling social technologies, within the framework of which a constructive connection between state and public methods of responding to social problems is achieved, is becoming an important area of ​​sociological science.

The relevance of the sociological study of the development of the non-profit sector and its growing influence on the formation of social policy at the local level lies in the fact that it allows us to develop proposals for enhancing the interaction of public organizations and local governments in the social sphere and develop proposals for involving the population in solving issues of their life activity .

The degree of scientific development of the problem. The categorical and conceptual apparatus and interpretation of the definitions of social partnership require methodological clarity. Currently, most Russian researchers consider social partnership as a form of social and labor relations between employees and employers.

Non-governmental organizations that offer their initiative, often free of charge, thus do not fit methodologically into the context of the functioning generally accepted concept of “social partnership”

New emerging practice public relations at the local level, social partnership between municipal authorities and the public sector requires clarification methodologically and theoretically. ^

The author proceeds from the fact that social partnership means the relationship between the state, represented by the government, its bodies and representatives (in the work under consideration, represented by local self-government bodies) with other subjects - the individual, family, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), etc. Social partnership is an equal relationship between subjects, which are determined by the commonality of their needs, value orientations and interests on the principle of social justice. The dissertation examines: the interaction of state authorities at the local level with non-governmental organizations, the role of self-government in the activities of local authorities and public organizations, modern tendencies development of the non-profit sector and its increasing role in the formation of civil society.

Diverse directions of development, formation and interaction of non-governmental organizations with local government authorities are considered in the works of domestic researchers: Mitrokhin V.I., Yashchenko A.A., Ionova JI.A., Vilinova I.V., Savchenko P.V., Yakimets V. N., Model I.M., Model B.S., Kiseleva V.N., Smolnova V.G., Migirova R.P., Konovalova JI. Fedulina A. et al.1

Analysis of the works of the above authors allows us to conclude that distinctive feature Russian reality is the insufficient formation of partners in social relations, both on the part of government authorities and on the part of NGOs interacting with them. State policy regarding social partnership with NGOs in Russia is in the process of formation. Social partnership, as a system-forming basis of civil society, is in its infancy and is still weakly acting as a shock absorber of social tension in society. Naturally, an important task is to develop clear, conceptual guidelines, substantiate an effective model of social partnership between the state represented by local government and non-profit, non-governmental organizations (hereinafter NGOs), proposals and recommendations for the formation of state social policy in these areas. Part of the state social policy is the development of favorable conditions for the development of two components of social partnership: the system of local self-government - local authorities and the non-governmental sector - public associations. According to the dissertation author, what is common in the works under review is an analysis of the development trends of the non-governmental sector. Researchers note an increase social role NGOs caused by the inability of the state to fully satisfy the needs of the population in social services Oh. Involving NGOs in activities in the social sphere reduces the burden on the state and expands

Matyukhin A.B. The concept of political modernization of Russian society. Diss., M., 1998; Kisilev V.N., Smolnov V.G. Social partnership in Russia. M., 1998; Semigin G.Yu. Social partnership as a sector of political stabilization of Russian society. Abstract of dissertation. M., 1993; Ionova O.B. Social technologies partnerships. M., 2000; Savchenko P.V. Non-profit organizations in the system of institutional relations M,. 2000; Model I.M., Model B.S. The authorities and the civil community of Russia: from social interaction to social partnership. Ekaterinburg, 1998; Vilinov I.E. Formation of a system of social partnership. Abstract of dissertation. M., 1998; Trubitsin A.B. Social policy: towards developing new guidelines. M., 2000; L. Konovalova Non-governmental organizations in the state and society M., 2000; M. Kleinberg Non-profit public organizations in the Russian sector social security. M., 2000. sphere of activity of NGOs. The social sphere is the field in which objective necessity contributes to the emergence of an effective and full-fledged social partnership between NGOs and government agencies authorities.

In the presented dissertation work, social partnership between non-state, non-profit organizations and local government bodies to resolve problematic situations in the social sphere based on the experience of cooperation between the Regional Public Charitable Organization (hereinafter referred to as ROBO “KTSSP”) with the Krasnoselsky District Administration.

The problems of local self-government have been studied quite deeply both in Russia and abroad.

The search for theoretical and practical solutions in this direction is an important and pressing problem. today. This is evidenced by the works of I. Babichev, A. Voronin, A. Gladyshev, V. Golovanov, P. Biryukov, J1. Gilchenko, I. Ovchinnikova, E. Zaborova and others.2 These works provide an analysis of the general problems of self-government development at the levels: state, regional and municipal, local; The interaction of various levels of government and their role in the formation of a democratic society in Russia is considered.

A number of works analyze the problems of legal regulation of the activities of local authorities from the point of view of the function of self-government. Recently, studies have appeared on the role of local authorities in the political and economic development of regions, but there are no works that, to one degree or another, cover the entire range of social issues related to the social partnership of non-governmental organizations and local authorities as an institution of self-government.

The practice of developing social activities poses challenges for sociological science and requires a theoretical study of the contradiction between the needs of society for an effective social partnership between local governments and NGOs and the real state of this partnership that does not correspond

1 1 - " 1 "" - .

I. Babichev Subjects of local government and their interaction. M., 2000; Voronin A.G. and etc.

Editorial Board/ Local government in Russian Federation. M., 1998; A. Gladyshev Development of local community: theory, methodology, practice. M., 1999; V. Golovanov Management and self-government in a large city M., 1997; P. Biryukov Fundamentals local government and self-government M., 1998; J1. Gilchenko Local self-government: a long return: The formation of local self-government in Russia. M., 1998; I. Ovchinnikov Local self-government in the system of democracy. M., 1999; Zaborova E.H. The system of self-government and territorial initiative of the urban population, Yekaterinburg, 1998. requirements of today and the goals of building a civil society in our country.

The purpose of the dissertation work is to study the patterns of emergence and development of social partnership between local governments represented by local authorities and the public non-governmental sector, development practical recommendations to stimulate and optimize this process in the social sphere. Determining the place and role of non-governmental organizations in the formation of civil society in Russia at the level of local government.

The stated objectives of the dissertation are:

Analysis of social partnership as a system of interaction between government bodies and non-governmental organizations;

Clarification of the concept of “local self-government” in relation to local authorities - municipalities, and within the city of Moscow - councils;

Analysis of the modern concept and model of interaction between local governments as local government authorities and non-governmental organizations;

Justification of the role of the “third sector” and local self-government in the formation of civil society in Russia;

Conducting a sociological analysis of social partnership between local authorities and public organizations using the example of the Krasnoselsky district of Moscow and, on its basis, justifying an increase in the role of non-governmental organizations and social partnerships between local authorities and non-profit organizations in modern stage development of Russian society;

The objects of research are local government, non-governmental non-profit organizations, and their interaction in the social sphere.

The subject of the study is social partnership as a system of interaction between local government and public associations.

The theoretical and methodological basis of the dissertation research includes theoretical developments of leading domestic and Western sociologists in the field of studying and developing the concept of social partnership between the state and non-governmental organizations; its influence on the formation of civil society, the role of public organizations in the activities of local authorities, materials from research, scientific and practical conferences, provisions of legislative and regulatory acts.

The work uses a sociological research method using theoretical and methodological analysis of systemic research concepts. The author developed questionnaires and, under his leadership, conducted a sociological survey of 300 residents and 300 experts (heads of government, commercial, public organizations, employees of the Administration and its services). The sample is representative.

Research hypothesis: the formation of civil society in Russia is impossible without solving the fundamental problem of social partnership between authorities at the local level and non-governmental organizations representing the interests of a huge number of the population.

The scientific novelty of the dissertation is as follows:

The domestic experience of interaction between municipal authorities as local governments and non-governmental organizations represented by public associations is summarized. Based on this generalization, the process of evolution of the concept of “local self-government” is presented for the first time, including from the standpoint of its inclusion in the content of management at the local state level and an analysis of the common and distinct features inherent in the self-government of local authorities and the self-government of public associations;

Empirical data have been introduced into scientific circulation that deepen the concept of social partnership between government bodies and non-governmental organizations as a new social institution that actively contributes to the formation of civil society in Russia;

Based on the analysis of sociological research, a mechanism for increasing the role of the non-governmental sector in the activities of local government is substantiated;

The specifics and mechanisms of interaction between government authorities and non-governmental organizations at the lower level are analyzed government controlled;

Based on a sociological survey, the difficulties and problems of developing social partnership at the local level between state authorities and public organizations were identified, due, on the one hand, to the socio-economic situation in the country, the lack of preparedness of civil servants for social dialogue, social partnership, imperfection legislative framework, the unsatisfactory state of the information field, and on the other hand, the weak involvement of the population itself in self-governing public associations and their insufficient participation in decision-making processes at the state level;

Effective models for the introduction and development of social partnerships between government authorities and public organizations in the social sphere of servicing privileged categories of residents are proposed.

The practical significance of the work is determined by the need to understand the creative role of social partnership between local governments and non-profit organizations, which is necessary for the development of the social sphere and the prompt solution of social problems. Population participation in management activities, in preparing and making decisions on the planning and implementation of social policy at the local level.

The practical significance of this study is due to the content of proposals and recommendations for the formation of an effective system of social partnership between local authorities and non-governmental organizations, to attract the population to active participation in the implementation of social policy at the local level.

The conclusions and provisions of the dissertation can be used in the development of the regulatory and legislative framework for the development of social partnership, in the training of management personnel at various levels, in the activities of non-governmental organizations entering into social partnerships with local government authorities, in the work of local self-government bodies to attract the population to active participation in public life.

The empirical basis of the study was made up of official statistics, including the Moscow City Statistical Office, materials from the Krasnoselsky Administration and the results of sociological research conducted by the author. The main regulatory sources were: normative base on non-profit organizations, social partnership, self-government in Russia and Moscow, European Charter of Local Self-Government, Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Approbation of the work and implementation of the research results. The main conclusions of the idea and provisions of the dissertation work are based on 10 years of practical experience of the author as the head of the public charity organization “Coordination Center for Social Support”, which implements in practice the mechanism of social partnership with local authorities represented by the Krasnoselsky District Administration. This experience was reviewed and approved by the Moscow City Hall.

The provisions of the dissertation are set out by the author in publications and speeches at round tables, in the work of the scientific and practical conference “The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in the Activities of State Authorities” in 1998 in the Central Administrative District, Moscow, hearings in the State Duma in April 2002, in materials prepared by the Krasnoselsky Administration for the administration of the Central District, as well as in three publications of more than 5 pp.

The main provisions of the dissertation were discussed at a meeting of the Department of Sociology of the Social Sphere of the STI MGUS.

Provisions for defense:

Self management - basic principle local authorities and public organizations, regulating the right of citizens to independently manage local affairs and being a way of organizing and participating in the exercise of local power.

Self-government, the non-profit sector, social partnership are the main, defining institutions of civil society, allowing for the most effective use of public potential in managing society.

Civil initiatives are the very element of “social capital”, without which the effective development of society and a democratic state is unthinkable.

Involving the public sector in the provision of social services on the basis of social partnership with local authorities is a new phenomenon in the social sphere of Russia, contributing to the development of democracy in society.

The lack of a holistic, comprehensive and systemic state policy in the field of social dialogue and social partnership between authorities and NGOs, which includes all the necessary components: legal, organizational, structural, scientific, methodological, material, financial and information, hinders the development of Russian society.

The experience of social partnership between local authorities and public organizations in the field of providing social services has proven the reality of social cooperation in solving the most pressing social problems of the most needy groups of the population.

Successful social partnerships between authorities and NGOs working in the field of social services depend on the following factors:

The presence of a targeted state policy in the field of social partnership with the “third sector”;

The formation of the legislative framework, including taxation, stimulating government and commercial structures to cooperate with NGOs;

Coordination of efforts of NGOs and government agencies in the social sphere of activity;

Information support processes of social partnership, promoting the ideas of the “third sector” and social partnership in people’s consciousness,

From subjective factors, i.e. from the level of competence and responsibility staffing government leaders and leaders of non-governmental organizations.

Structure of the dissertation. The work consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references and applications.

CONCLUSION

In the process of working on the problem “The Role of Public Organizations in the Activities of Local Self-Government Bodies,” the author considered a large set of tasks, which allowed:

Study available materials (legislative and regulations, government documents, scientific publications, periodical materials, etc.), on the methodology, theory and practice of public policy on this issue; consider the conceptual apparatus and conceptual approaches to the problem;

Explore Foreign experience to solve this problem (using the example of countries Western Europe) and experience in the development of NGOs, its role in reforming society in Russia;

Conduct an assessment of the actions of local government to establish social partnerships with public organizations at the local level, assess the role of NGOs in the development of local governments, analyze the results collaboration Boards with NGOs on the basis of the work of the public charitable organization “Coordination Center for Social Support”;

Develop proposals that, according to the author, will allow increasing the role of public organizations in their cooperation with local governments.

Thus, we can draw conclusions:

A social portrait of the interaction between local governments and “third sector” organizations has been created.

It has been established that the foundation of a democratic civil society is being laid at the local level, and social partnership between local governments and NGOs is the path to its formation.

It has been determined that the non-profit non-governmental sector is a significant and dynamically developing component of public life. It not only serves to meet the basic needs of people, but also represents a powerful and growing economic force that influences all aspects of social life.

At the local level, mechanisms for the participation of non-governmental organizations in the implementation of state social policy have not fully developed as generally accepted practice. Subjective factors affecting the interaction of NGOs with government agencies in solving problems in the social sphere, and therefore this interaction cannot be called stable. The information field on the development of NGOs and social cooperation is narrowed and poorly developed. The potential of the information component of social policy in the field of social partnership is not fully used, which slows down the development of the process. Purposeful work is needed to form public opinion in favor of social partnership and its development.

The development of social partnership between local governments and non-governmental organizations largely depends on the initiative and activity of “third sector” organizations. The ability to attract additional funding, the professionalism of staff working in NGOs, independence and a high degree of responsibility for the quality of solutions to problems and the completeness of their obligations, the ability to express and lobby their interests and the interests of citizens at the level of government decision-making, in particular at the level of local government determine the success of such actions.

It has been revealed that many problems of the “third sector”, especially at the local level, are associated with the lack of a sufficiently developed and effective legal framework. The existing legislative framework does not cover the entire field of activity of the non-governmental sector, social partnership between government authorities, the commercial sector and non-governmental organizations. Already existing regulations require revision and improvement. The process of developing the legislative framework at the local level is in its infancy and requires intensification and expansion.

The leading role of the state in the conditions of an emerging civil society, in the formation and development of social partnership is shown. The state develops the strategy and priorities of social policy, organizes their practical implementation with the participation of social partners according to established standards.

The main significance and role of NGOs in building civil society is determined. The development of NGOs determines the democratic development of the state. They exercise control over the activities of government bodies, providing citizens with the opportunity to participate in the management of processes occurring in society.

In the course of the sociological study, the hypothesis was confirmed that the formation of civil society in Russia is impossible without solving the fundamental problem of social partnership between local governments and non-governmental non-profit organizations. The development of NGOs determines the democratic development of the state. They exercise control over the activities of government bodies and provide citizens with the opportunity to participate in the management of processes occurring in society.

The success of forming a social partnership between government authorities and non-governmental organizations and the business sector largely depends on the resolution of these issues at the “grassroots” level, at the level of government in Moscow. It is at this level that the simplest and most effective forms of interaction between government and the public arise.

The basic conditions for the formation and development of social partnership between local governments and non-profit organizations are formulated, the primary task of which is to develop the concept of competent social policy, providing for measures to develop the “third sector”, increasing its role in the development of civil society in the country, increasing the participation of citizens in governance life activity of the population.

A model of organizational development of social partnership between public organizations and local governments is proposed, which provides for measures to support non-profit organizations. To create a truly sustainable and functioning “third sector” it is necessary governmental support, including financial, investments in education and training of personnel working in the “third sector”.

It was revealed that at the local level, mechanisms for the participation of non-governmental organizations in the implementation of state social policy have not fully developed as a generally accepted practice. Subjective factors that influence the interaction of NGOs with government agencies in solving problems in the social sphere retain a significant role, and therefore this interaction cannot be called stable.

Social partnership between non-governmental organizations and government authorities is a dialectical, developing process. Social relations in society are changing, the role of the state is changing, the role of public organizations is changing. This process currently cannot be called constant; it is rather discrete in nature, extremely susceptible to subjective factors. It will take the efforts of all interested parties to successfully develop, so that the process of development of social partnership becomes irreversible and generally recognized.

An important task is the development of social partnership between the public sector and local governments in the social sphere, where the capabilities of non-profit organizations to relieve social tension, use the social capital of citizens are fully demonstrated, and the main qualities of the “third sector” are realized: mutual assistance, solidarity, humanity, etc. d.

The need is shown to create appropriate structures within government departments to communicate with NGOs, without which it is impossible and ineffective to maintain a constant dialogue with society.

Social partnership between non-governmental organizations and government authorities is a dialectical, developing process. Social relations in society are changing, the role of the state is changing, the role of public organizations is changing. This process currently cannot be called constant; it is rather discrete in nature, extremely susceptible to subjective factors. It will take the efforts of all interested parties to ensure that cooperation between all three sectors of the economy develops successfully, so that the process of developing social partnership becomes irreversible and generally recognized.

It is public associations, non-governmental organizations in general, their interaction with local governments, focused on “social partnership” that can and should become the main principle of combining the efforts of the state and citizens in solving problems of social development. Non-governmental organizations can become a very effective reserve for intensifying the activities of self-government and management bodies in implementing programs for the socio-economic development of a district, region, city, creating a climate of trust and harmony, and improving society.

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