Wooden part with technological map. Technological map of the lesson "finishing wood products." Routing. Making a pin product

Cutting board is an indispensable element during cooking. Routing making a cutting board allows in conditions modern capabilities build a high quality wooden craft.

Methodology artistic treatment wooden products was used back in the 9th century. Wooden crafts have been made by many generations of craftsmen. For this purpose, wood of different species was used, characterized by different artistic qualities: texture, natural structure of the trunk, knots.

Burning as an advantageous way to process materials

Decorative wood processing is carried out different ways, including artistic burning. This craft is very popular and inextricably linked with folk traditions. Its development was accompanied by other types of processing:

• carving;
• turning;
• mosaic;
• artistic painting.

Burning diversified these arts, but gradually turned into independent types of creativity.

Several decades ago, steel rods were used to make kitchen cutting boards, their tips heated by fire. It was practiced to use special figured stamps, through which relief patterns were engraved.

IN modern production Electric burners are used. They include a transformer for converting electrical current, an electrical cable and a handle with a rod. To perform the working part, nichrome wire is used. She simplifies technological process, allows you to smoothly change the direction of work.

Before starting work, you need to select a workpiece, this will allow you to determine the shape of the product. Any processed wood in the form of:

• boards;
• timber;
• plywood.

The wood must be thoroughly and evenly dried; craftsmen recommend using the center of the log for blanks, as it is less susceptible to deformation. The expression of texture and shade is very important.

Trees hardwood are characterized by the most acceptable qualities for decorative burning. The growth rings are not too visible in them, the texture is quite uniform. Best View will have products from the following breeds:

• Linden;
• poplar;
• maple;
• alder;
• young birch.

The wood must be light in color and not shiny, then the finished product will have an attractive appearance.

It is necessary to pre-treat the surface; this is done with medium and then fine-grained sandpaper.

Board burning technique

Before starting work, you should have a clear idea of ​​the future drawing and the methodology used. There are three types of burning:

• along the contour;
• by silhouette;
• artistic processing.

Burning along a contour is comparatively simple and resembles a pencil drawing of a contour on a sheet of paper. This type is often practiced by many beginners, often this operation is performed with the tip of a rod. Contour burning is convenient for making inscriptions, and when applying an ornament, shading can be applied in this way.

Silhouette burning is performed using two techniques: “smooth stroke” and “annealing”. Using the first of them, it is easy to achieve a smooth black surface. The area processed in this way can be quite large. By quickly moving the needle, different shades of the design are achieved.

When “annealing”, a strip is made along the edge of the workpiece, achieving the designation of the outer contour of the image. The name of this method comes from the nature of the work - annealing the edging.

The artistic or pictorial type of burning is characterized by a combination of the two previous methods. As a result, a three-dimensional image is achieved, taking into account the play of light and shadow. When manufacturing a product, it is necessary to ensure the correct display of objects at different distances in space. The transfer of different structures of objects is achieved by various techniques of shading and shading.

To master the burning technique perfectly, you must have good drawing skills. Regular exercise will improve your powers of observation. They will also help develop necessary qualities. Before the process itself, craftsmen develop sketches in pencil. This approach will simplify the work on the workpiece.

Multi-board production technique

The manufactured set includes:

• 2 cutting boards with dimensions 10×170×360 mm;
• wooden pendant 20×90×360 mm;
• 2 wooden rods with a diameter of 12 mm and a length of 42 mm.

For manufacturing you will need the following tools and devices:

• ruler, right angle square, compass;
• a simple pencil for marking;
• wood hacksaw;
• awl;
• or a drill, but the drill diameter is 12, 20 mm;
• jigsaw, cutting table;
• sample;
• sandpaper;
• brush, wood glue;
• mallet;
• lathe with cutting and through cutters;
• clear varnish;
• electric burner.

The design of the board is quite simple.

Manufacturing technology:

Cost Analysis

This set of cutting boards is inexpensive. Pegs can be made from unwanted leftover materials. So little glue is needed that craftsmen recommend not taking its cost into account. You only need to buy wood and varnish.

The average price of wood is about 4 thousand rubles; in the case of the production of cutting boards, the material required is 0.008 cubic meters. meter, the cost will be 32 rubles, and 150 grams of varnish will cost 21 rubles.

Wage costs are determined by half the cost of materials - 26.5 rubles. Other overhead costs – a quarter of the amount wages and materials - 19.8 rubles.

Adding up all expenses, the total cost of the product will be 99.3 rubles.

Safety precautions during burning

For these jobs, like any other, the specialist is required to comply with safety regulations.

When sawing wood, the master must adhere to the following principles:

• use limiters and guides;
• do not allow your free hand to be near the hacksaw blade;
• Do not blow off the chips; they are swept away with a brush.

When performing work on a lathe, a specialist must perform the following actions:

• read the occupational safety manual for this equipment;
• Process only by trained people.

When performing drilling, the master must pay attention to the following rules:

• install the drill in accordance with the requirements for the machine or drill;
• the product being drilled must be securely fastened;
• the drill feed should be carried out without acceleration or jerking;
• at the exit of the drill, slow down the movement.

When performing paintwork:

• Do not keep the container with varnish open for a long time.
• While doing work, do not bring the varnish to your face.
• The room must be ventilated.
• It is necessary to use personal protective equipment: protective mask, gloves.
• Upon completion of work, wash your hands thoroughly using soap.

When using an electric burner:

• ensure air flow into the room;
• conductive parts must be reliably insulated;
• When finishing work, you should turn off the device from the network.

Making boards requires the craftsman to spend approximately 12 hours; the technique is simple and does not require much financial investments. There are variations in the shape of finished products, as well as their finishing. great amount, everything depends only on the imagination of the performer.

Video: Master class on making a cutting board

Pedagogical rationale for the lesson:

In this lesson, students begin a new creative project, which involves students performing independent, consistent actions in implementing a specific plan. Since any creative work- this is a certain sequence of actions in the implementation of a certain plan, then the correct sequence of actions is necessary for this. Teaching students to master these research methods is one of the most important tasks of all educational field, including this lesson.

Lesson time: 90 minutes

Lesson Objectives:

educational:

• teach students to independently plan activities based on acquired knowledge and developed skills,
• reveal the essence of the stool manufacturing process from the point of view of the technological process;
• implementation of acquired knowledge on the production of technological maps when solving a new problem;

developing:

• develop students’ labor skills and ability to draw up technological maps
• develop imagination, a creative approach to doing work
• develop the ability to break a task into subtasks;

nurturing:

• cultivate a conscientious attitude towards the tasks performed;
• foster respect for equipment and tools

Tools and Equipment:

• Workbench,
• ruler,
• compass,
• album sheet,
• pencil

Visual aids:

• routing,
• finished products (stools different designs),
• parts blanks.

Form of study:

• individual,
• group

Brief Lesson Plan

I. Organizing time

II. Updating knowledge

III. Explanation of a new topic.

IV. Practical part of the lesson.

V. Analysis of student work, summing up

VI. Homework

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Organizational moment

Checking the list of students, reporting the topic, goals and content of the lesson

Checking students' readiness for the lesson (condition of work stations, availability of notebooks, pens)

Determines the topic of the lesson, motivates for the final result

II. Updating knowledge

1. What is a technological process? ( The technological process is part production process, containing targeted actions to change the shape, size and properties of materials during the manufacture of products from them. The technological process is carried out using various technological equipment: machines, fixtures, tools).
2. What is a technological map? ( A technological map is a document in which the entire process of processing product parts is recorded, indicating technological operations)

III. Explanation of new material

From today's lesson we will start making a stool.

Demonstration of finished products (stools)

Which stool do you want to make?

When the idea is determined, students move on to the next, most important stage in creative activity - translating the idea into sketches.

IV. Practical part of the lesson

Students create a technological map for making a stool

V. Analysis of student work, summing up

When assessing students' work, the teacher takes into account the consistency and correctness of the work.

VI. Homework

Draw up technological maps for different types stools, indicate their purpose (children’s, kitchen, for work, household needs, etc.).

Lesson outline

on technology in 7th grade

Lesson topic: “Technological documentation”.

The purpose of the lesson: Give students basic concepts about design documentation.

Tasks: 1. Teach students to draw up technological maps.

2. Instill accuracy, hard work.

3. Foster respect for work.

Introductory part.

Checking students against the class list.

Check that you have the necessary supplies.

Safety regulations.

Main part.

(theoretical).

Examination homework.

Topic: “Design documentation”.

a) What is design documentation?

(A set of graphic and text documents that set out all the information about the design of the product).

b) What design problems are solved when developing the product design and drawings necessary for manufacturing?

(choose best option products, their structural elements, materials, analyze product samples and make drawings).

c) What is ESKD?

(Unified system of design documentation).

d) What is included in design documents?

(part drawing, assembly drawing, general view drawing, electrical installation drawing, diagrams and instructions).

e) Who develops product designs and makes drawings?

(designers, draftsmen).

New topic.

"Technological documentation".

Technological documentation called graphic and text documents, which determine the manufacturing technology of products. The technological documentation also includes design documentation.

Technological process - This is part of the entire production process, containing targeted actions to change the shape, size and properties of materials when making products from them.

The technological process is carried out on various technological equipment and with the use of technological equipment: additional equipment, devices, tools.

Technological operation - This is a complete part of the technological process, performed at one workplace or machine.

A technological operation consists of various technological transitions.

Technological transition They call a part of a technological operation performed at one workplace with the same tool.

Technological transitions are carried out with a certain basing and fixation of the workpiece being processed, which is called installation.

The main technological documents are maps: technological, route, operational...

Technological map called a document in which the entire process of processing parts and products is recorded, indicating the technological operation and their components- transitions, as well as materials, design documentation, technological equipment.

The development of technological documentation is carried out on the basis of the ESKD-standard Unified system design documentation.

III.. Practical work.

Development and preparation of a technological map for the manufacture of a product (file handle, mallet).

Carefully study the contents of one of the educational technological maps.

Select or develop a drawing of the required part.

Determine the dimensions of the workpiece, taking into account processing allowances, and select the type of wood.

Compose transaction card with a record of transitions to the manufacture of the product, images of drawings, sizing and a list necessary tools and devices.

1. Summarizing.

Cleaning workplaces.

Analysis of mistakes made in practical work.

Grading.

Publication date: 13.09.2015

Short description:

material preview

Lesson plan - lesson plan

Lesson No. 4 " Workplace and tools for manual woodworking.

Sequence of manufacturing wood parts"

Target lesson: to familiarize students with the structure of a carpentry workbench, methods of working on a workbench, rules safe work at the workbench and tools for woodworking; give information about working profession carpenter, introduce the concepts of “production process”, “technological process”, types of technological operations, examples of technological processes; teach to formulate and write down the sequence of the technological process of manufacturing a simple part from wood; develop technical thinking, planning skills labor activity taking into account available resources and conditions.

Educational: familiarize yourself with the structure of tools and a carpentry workbench. Get an idea of ​​the sequence of manufacturing wood products. Learn to organize your workplace and follow the rules safe work.

Developmental: develop technical thinking, skills in planning work activities, taking into account available resources and conditions.

Educational: cultivate accuracy and precision.

TYPE OF LESSON: Combined lesson (UC)

Methods: story, conversation, demonstration of visual aids, tools, instruction on safe work rules, practical work .

Formed universal educational actions: personal, regulatory, cognitive, communicative.

Basic concepts: carpentry workbench (lid, front and rear clamps, holes (sockets), wedges, tray), carpenter, production process, technological process, technological operation, technological map, technologist.

Planned learning outcomes.

Personal

results

Subject

results

Metasubject

results

Have motivation for learning activities

ability, show interest in subject-related practical activities.

Get acquainted with the structure of tools and a carpentry workbench. Get an idea of ​​the sequence of manufacturing wood products. They will learn how to organize a workplace and follow safe work rules.

Cognitive UUD: be able to extract information presented in different forms (story, product, illustration, etc.); independently draw conclusions, process information, transform it.

Regulatory UUD: be able to plan an algorithm

actions to organize your workplace with a focus on functionality and convenience.

Communicative UUD: be able to listen to the teacher and classmates, engage in educational

collaboration, formulating answers to questions.

Technological map with methodological structure of the lesson 80 min

Purpose of the stage

Teacher activities

Student activities

1.Organizational stage 2 min.

Student activation

Greetings to the class. Checking the readiness of the class for the lesson

Greeting the teacher, checking your readiness for the upcoming lesson.

Personal: mobilization of attention, respect for others

Regulatory: lesson planning

Cognitive: procedure and organization of technology lessons

Communication: mutual cooperation between teacher and students in the lesson

2. Updating knowledge -5 min

Determine the level of knowledge and the degree of readiness to learn new material.

Analyze the knowledge gained:

Types of graphics

Drawing lines
- scale

Reading the drawing

Carry out a task that causes cognitive difficulty: where is the work of manufacturing the product performed?

They participate in dialogue and discussion of problematic issues, formulate their own opinions and give reasons for them.

Students must understand why and why they need to study this topic.

Personal: awareness of your capabilities.

Regulatory: ability to plan your work.

Cognitive: the ability to work with information, analyze, compare, highlight the main thing.

Communication: cooperation and communication between teacher and students.

3. Setting the goals and objectives of the lesson. Motivation educational activities students -3 min.

Create conditions for the emergence of an internal need for inclusion in educational activities.

Inform students about the lesson:

The lesson consists of 2 parts

1. topic “Workplace and tools for manual wood processing.” 2. second part of the lesson “Sequence of making wood parts.”

After each topic there is practical work.

Teachers answer questions and discuss them. Formulate the purpose of the lesson by defining the boundaries of knowledge and ignorance. They draw up a plan to achieve the lesson goal and determine the algorithm of their actions.

Personal: mobilization of attention, desire to learn new things

Regulatory: goal setting, activity planning

Cognitive: ability to work with information, analyze, compare, highlight the main thing

Communication: proactive cooperation in searching, selecting and analyzing information.

4. Primary assimilation of new knowledge 10 min.

Provides an explanation of the new material of the first topic “Workplace and tools for manual woodworking”, helps to sort out the information:

Explains the structure of a carpentry workbench, dwelling in detail on all its main elements, and focusing students’ attention on the rules for safe work at a workbench;

Demonstrates tools for carpentry.

Personal: awareness of one's capabilities;

Regulatory: ability to plan the stages of a future project.

Cognitive: extract the necessary information from what you listen to, structure knowledge.

Communication: enter into dialogue with confidence in the completeness and accuracy of expression of your thoughts.

5. Initial check of understanding 5 min

Promote emotional mood and development of cognitive interest in the topic

Asking questions:

Workplace for wood processing

Main parts of the workbench

Woodworking tool

Safety rules when working on a workbench

They answer the teacher’s questions, participate in the discussion, defend their point of view, give examples, and analyze the presentation they watched.

Personal:

Regulatory: analyze and establish a logical sequence in answering questions.

Communication: listen, hear and analyze the opinions of your interlocutors

Cognitive: apply the acquired knowledge when choosing a topic for your creative project.

6. Primary fixation 15 min

Practical work No. 3. Organization of a workplace for carpentry work.

To secure educational material Schoolchildren are asked to complete steps 1 and 2 of task 3 from the workbook.

Places students at work stations, adjusts the workbench to the height of each student, and distributes wood blanks.

Corrects errors when securing workpieces. Monitors compliance with safety regulations.

Students do:

Items 1 and 2 of task 3 from the workbook;

They study the structure of a carpentry workbench and the purpose of its elements;

The workpieces are secured in the front and rear clamping boxes.

Personal: awareness of one's educational capabilities;

Cognitive:

7. Primary assimilation of new knowledge 10 min

Organize meaningful perception of new information.

Explains the new material of the second topic “The sequence of manufacturing parts from wood.”

First, he conveys information that the creation of cars, furniture, household items and other products is a complex and lengthy process, including design, construction, technological preparation and manufacturing.

Before any product can be manufactured, it must be designed and constructed.

Design This is the development of the design of the product as a whole, and design- creation of products in drawings. The documentation obtained as a result of design and construction bears a single name - project.

Then comes the stage sketch design, where the designer makes sketches of all the main parts of the product, selects the best of them and draws drawings to scale.

After this they develop technical project products. Often it involves making a model on a certain scale or in full size. Layout allows you to identify errors made in the drawings, clarify the proportions and color design of the product. At this stage, the cost of the parts that make up the product and the cost of the entire product are calculated. If necessary, amendments are made to the design being created and refined ones are developed. working drawings products.

At the stage technological training The sequence of operations for manufacturing the product is determined, and technological maps (technological processes) are drawn up.

The final stage of creating a product is manufacturing prototype, which is tested in real conditions to identify design flaws. After this, changes are made to the technical documentation and the required number of products is manufactured according to it.

As a rule, creative teams of various specialists participate in the creation of machines, furniture, and various devices: design engineers, design artists (designers), technologists, economists, and workers of various specialties.

Introduce concepts:

The production process is the transformation of materials into a finished product using tools;

Technological process - part of the production process with a sequence of actions for processing a workpiece to obtain a separate part of a product or assembling a product from parts;

A technological operation is a part of a technological process performed at one workplace.

Use the example shown in Figure 18 from the textbook ( general form p.182). In the workshops, students work using technological maps that show the process of manufacturing a part in a simplified form. It is better to use a computer to compile them.

Participate in conversation; formulate conclusions and make notes in a workbook.

Let's look at the example in Fig. 18. determine the tool for each operation.

Personal:

Regulatory: control, correction, highlighting and awareness of what still needs to be learned, awareness of the quality and level of mastery of educational material;

Cognitive:

Communicative: be able to listen to the teacher and classmates, enter into educational cooperation, and formulate answers to questions.

8. Primary fixation 20 min

Ensure meaningful assimilation and consolidation of knowledge on the topic of the lesson

Practical work No. 4. Development of the sequence of manufacturing a part from wood.

Offers to write it down yourself workbook stages of the technological process of manufacturing the part proposed by the teacher. To do this, the teacher must prepare in advance required amount parts drawings. The choice of parts should be determined by the fact that their technological maps (technological process) contain no more than 5-6 positions (operations). There is no need to draw processing sketches. The student can also develop a technological process for manufacturing a part of his creative project, if the choice of project topic has already been determined.

Students complete the task:

Examine a drawing or sketch of a part;

Writes down the production sequence in a workbook

Identifies the tools to make the part and writes the name in the workbook.

Personal: awareness of one's educational capabilities;

Regulatory: plan an algorithm of actions for organizing your workplace.

Cognitive: ability to structure knowledge, choose the most effective ways in answering questions, the ability to consciously and competently construct answers that include technological terminology, and transform information.

Communicative: organize educational interaction with each other, and in the team as a whole, formulate answers to questions.

9. Control of assimilation, discussion of mistakes made and their correction 6 min

Identify common mistakes and possible gaps in knowledge and skills by eliminating, correcting and improving them

Analyzes the work of students during the lesson, advises on issues that arise during the discussion, advises, and helps.

Teaches methods of monitoring and self-assessment of activities.

Develops students’ ability to independently find and correct errors and determine the degree of success.

The teacher formulates conclusions, sums up the joint and individual activities, gives grades for the lesson

When grading for mastering this lesson topic, take into account the correct completion of paragraphs 1 and 2 of task 3 from the workbook

Correct answers to the task “Test yourself” on the topic “Workplace and tools for manual woodworking”

Statement

Summing up the results of studying the second topic of the lesson “The sequence of manufacturing parts made of wood” is carried out based on the results of developing a technological map according to the criteria:

correct choice of part material;

selection of workpiece dimensions taking into account allowances;

accuracy of presentation of the content of operations;

completeness of the list of tools;

completeness of the list of devices;

literacy of the presented text;

correct statement of the sequence of operations;

all necessary operations are indicated in the technological process;

accuracy of filling out the technological map;

10) task completion time.

Present the results of mastering the material in class and individually, exercise control (with the help of the teacher, forms of self-control and mutual control are used), formulate difficulties and carry out corrections of possible mistakes made.

Formulate conclusions based on the studied material.

Personal: awareness of the importance of teaching the subject;

Regulatory: control, correction, highlighting and awareness of what still needs to be learned, awareness of the quality and level of mastery of educational material;

Cognitive: the ability to structure knowledge, choose the most effective ways to answer questions;

Communicative: managing your partner’s behavior - monitoring, correction, evaluating your partner’s actions, being able to listen to the teacher and classmates

10.Information about homework, instructions on how to complete it 2 min

Homework information

The teacher advises.

Three levels of homework:

Standard minimum

(reproductive level)

Constructive

- Creative

1. Answer the questions given at the end of § 5 and 6 of the textbook.

2. Solve the crossword puzzle from the workbook.

3. Find information on the Internet and other sources about what other tools exist for carpentry work, besides those discussed in the textbook.

4. If a student wants to make a part, the image of which is not in the textbook, then it is necessary to search on the Internet and write down the sequence of technological operations for the selected part.

Crossword answers. Horizontally: 1 - carpenter, 5 - designer. Vertical: 2 - technologist, 3 - drawing, 4 - workbench.

They realize the variability of homework, choose a feasible option for completing it and working on it.

Personal: awareness of the importance of teaching the subject;

11. Reflection (summarizing the lesson) 2 min

Provide qualitative assessments of class and individual student performance.

Initiate reflection by students about their psycho-emotional state, motivation for their activities and interaction with the teacher and classmates in the last lesson.

The teacher organizes reflection on learning activities in the lesson.

What new did you learn in the lesson?

What new concepts did you learn today?

Where can you apply the acquired knowledge in practical activities?

Why do you need to know this material?

What difficulties did you encounter?

Give an analysis of your activities in class.

Invites students to formulate their answer in the form of a telegram, SMS message, or complete sentence.

You can ask students to justify their answer.

1. During the lesson I worked actively / passively

2. I am satisfied / not satisfied with my work in class

3.The lesson seemed short/long for me

4. I wasn’t tired / tired during the lesson

5.My mood has become better / has become worse

6.The lesson material was clear / not clear to me

useful/useless

interesting / boring

7.Homework seems easy/difficult to me

interesting / not interesting

Teachers answer questions, analyze the work they have done in class, perform self-assessment, discuss it, and draw conclusions.

Personal: awareness of the interest and importance of studying the subject;

Regulatory: self-assessment of activities in the lesson;

Cognitive: development of cognitive interest in the subject;

Communicative: ability to listen and conduct dialogue;

If the material does not suit you, use the search

The creation of any product takes place in several stages, and the first of them is the design of the future product.

Don't rush to start making it right away. You can make a mistake, do something wrong, and all the work will have to be redone. No wonder there is a saying: “Measure twice, cut once.”

First you need to make sketches, or outlines, of various options for the future product. Then they analyze in writing the advantages and disadvantages of each option, which allows you to choose the best one.

For the selected product option, technical documentation is developed: a sketch, a technical drawing or a drawing indicating dimensions.

After preparation technical documentation begin selecting quality workpieces and marking them. A blank is a material of certain dimensions from which a part will be made (the dimensions of the blank for any part are always larger than the part itself). One or more parts are obtained from the workpiece.

The connection of parts into a product is called assembly.

The transformation of a workpiece into a part or product must strictly comply with the technological process, i.e., a certain sequence of actions.

The technological process of manufacturing a product consists of a number of technological operations. For example, technological operations are sawing out a workpiece on a carpentry bench, drilling holes on a drilling machine, painting the product in a special room, etc.

The sequence of operations for processing a workpiece and making a part from it is recorded in special technological or route maps.

The technological map (Table 6) describes in detail the sequence of technological operations, provides a graphic representation of the workpiece corresponding to each operation, and indicates the tools and devices used.

Table 6
Technological map for making a cutting board

Route maps indicate only the sequence of operations (Table 7).

Table 7
Route map for making a cutting board

Practical work No. 25
Drawing up a simple technological map

Work order

1. Select one of the product parts in your project.
2. Carefully study the part to be manufactured or its graphical representation.
3. Using Table 6, develop a technological map for the manufacture of this part.
4. Check the correctness of the technological map yourself, and then give it to the teacher for checking.

New concepts

Stages of product creation, design, procurement, part, assembly, technological process, operation, technological map, route map.

Control questions

1. List the steps involved in making your project wood product.
2. What is the difference between a workpiece and a part?
3. Why are technological maps needed?
4. Why are the dimensions of the workpiece larger than the dimensions of the part?

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