INTRODUCTION

The environmental problem is one of the most important problems modernity. Recently, due to the rapid change external environment On Earth, under the influence of human activity, ecology has gained enormous popularity and has become the object of close attention of various segments of the population. The main components of this problem are the pollution of irreplaceable natural resources: air, water, soil by industrial and transport waste, which has led to the impoverishment of flora and fauna.

Obtaining finished products from wood is associated with huge losses, which are commonly called waste. Waste at the logging stage can reach several tens of percent (stumps, branches, pine needles, etc.). A typical sawmill converts about 60% of the wood into boards, with 12% going into sawdust, 6% into end trims, and 22% into slabs and trims. The volume of sawdust and shavings at the woodworking stage reaches 12% of the original raw material. Only one enterprise in the city, OJSC "Baikal Forestry Company" for this year has more than 25,000 m 3 of wood waste. There are hundreds of such enterprises in the republic, which means hundreds of thousands of cubic meters of solid wood waste worsens the sanitary condition of enterprises and leads to pollution environment.

Currently, the technology of burning sawdust, wood chips, and old wood is being actively introduced. This process of direct use of sawmill and wood processing waste has a number of disadvantages. Firstly, to increase combustion efficiency, sawdust and wood chips must be dry, which requires additional technological processes. Secondly, the storage problem needs to be solved. In addition to the need for large storage areas, fresh sawdust and wood chips are susceptible to spontaneous combustion. Thirdly, due to their low bulk density, fine wood waste is not profitable to transport over a distance of more than 20-40 km.

Some alternative to the direct use of wood waste as fuel is the production and use of briquettes. At the same time, the problems of increasing the calorific value of the fuel material and reducing the required storage space are solved. During storage, fuel briquettes do not spontaneously ignite. The efficiency of boiler houses increases. The disadvantages of this type of fuel include the difficulty of automating the process of loading briquettes into a combustion device.

Fuel briquettes and pellets from wood waste solve these problems.

It should be immediately clear that in our case we are talking not only about sawdust - wood processing waste, but also about all the other numerous types of cellulose-containing raw materials, waste from plant growing and processing industries.
In general, the task of producing effective and environmentally friendly fuel from renewable and unused waste is very noble and rewarding, solving the problems of recycling practically useless and often harmful waste, providing consumers with an additional source of effective fuel, and is the subject of profitable business for manufacturers, giving them an additional good source of profit .

Rice. 1 – Lump waste

1. FUEL BRIQUETTES FROM WOOD WASTE

1.1. Waste disposal and briquetting.

Recycling sawdust and woodworking waste and briquetting them is a delicate technological process, capable of turning your woodworking production into an environmentally friendly, waste-free, highly profitable business. Due to the growing needs of the population for energy resources and the reduction of natural ones, the use of new, alternative sources energy should meet your needs with greater efficiency and greater impact.

Wood briquettes do not contain any harmful substances, incl. adhesives Specially pressed under high pressure and at high temperature, the briquettes have the shape of a cylinder. Fuel briquettes have wide application and can be used for all types of fireboxes, central heating boilers, wood boilers, etc., burns well in fireplaces, stoves, grills, etc.

Briquetting waste and recycling sawdust from woodworking industries makes it possible to obtain an excellent source of energy without polluting the environment.

1.2. Fuel briquette, description, technical characteristics

Fuel briquettes are a pressed product made from dried wood residues, such as sawdust, shavings, wood chips, grinding dust, etc.

Fuel briquettes are an environmentally friendly product, since no additives are used in their production. This type fuel has unique properties:

· Long burning time (30 minutes) and smoldering time (100 minutes) This means that, compared to conventional firewood, loading into the stove can be done three times less often. Briquettes burn with a minimum amount of smoke, do not shoot or spark. After combustion, the briquettes turn into coal, like ordinary firewood, and in the future they can be used for cooking kebabs or grilling.

· Calorific value of briquettes more than that of ordinary firewood and almost equal to the calorific value of coal.

· When cooking kebabs or grilling, if fat gets on the coals of the briquettes, they do not ignite, but continue to smolder or burn with an even, low flame.

The technology for the production of wood fuel briquettes is based on the process of pressing finely ground wood waste (sawdust) under high pressure when heated; the binding element is LEGNIN, which is contained in plant cells.

They are used as fuel: in houses, fireplaces, stoves, saunas, cottages and other places where there are installations running on solid fuel.

Rice. 2 – Cylindrical fuel briquettes

Comparative technical characteristics:

When burning brown coal, 40% of ash is produced

· during combustion wood briquettes occurs from 0.12% to 1% ash (ash content)
By CO 2 release in comparison with wood briquettes (emission into the air space during combustion):

· terrestrial gas - CO 2 content is 15 times higher

· light oil - CO 2 content is 20 times higher

· anthracite coal - CO 2 content is 50 times higher

Comparative characteristics of the calorific value of briquettes

Thanks to the above qualities, wood briquettes are highly competitive compared to other types of fuel. The fuel briquettes market is growing rapidly.
The main consumers of fuel briquettes today are European countries and Japan. Briquettes are used for heating houses and cottages and are sold in all major supermarkets in packages of various sizes.

1.3. Use of biofuels in the domestic market

Until recently, the use of biofuels within Russia was most often talked about as a matter of the distant future. Russia is rich in fossil energy resources, industrial enterprises as well as the housing and communal services sector in our country have very limited resources, which are barely enough to maintain existing heating and production systems electrical energy in working order, not to mention reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere and saving fuel.

However, modern world economy turned out to be more dynamic than the most optimistic specialists. Against the background of disputes about increasing export prices for oil and gas, discussions about Russia’s accession to the WTO and the consequences of the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol by the Russian parliament, enterprises from various sectors of the domestic economy began to show a very practical interest in the use of biofuels within Russia. And there are a number of objective reasons for this:

1.4. Fuel briquette production line

General information about briquetting

Briquetting is a process during which material is compressed under high pressure. When pressing under high pressure, the temperature of the material increases and resinous binding substances are released, due to which the material is glued and the further formation of the briquette is carried out. The minimum humidity of the pressed material is 6%. The optimal moisture content of the material for briquetting varies depending on the breed and fraction of the latter; the optimal moisture content is from 6 to 16%.

Preparatory stage for the production of fuel briquettes:

Wet sawdust or shavings, stored under a canopy, are loaded into the hopper of the scraper conveyor 1 and fed into the indirect heating heat generator 2. The sawdust is used as fuel. An air duct 3 is connected to the heat generator, through which heated air enters the dryer. From the same warehouse, raw materials are loaded into the hopper of a scraper conveyor 4 with a frequency controller and fed to a disk separator 5 for primary sorting. Large pieces are separated from the total mass and removed into container 6.

If you have large waste, then you need to include a chipper 20 in the line, which processes slabs, veneer, and large pieces into process chips.

Drying briquettes. The cleaned sawdust is fed into the receiving hopper 7 of the drum dryer 8, picked up by heated air entering through the air duct 3. The mixture of air and sawdust enters the dryer 8, where intensive drying occurs.

Briquette crushing. Through the material pipeline, the dried sawdust enters the cyclone 9, from where it is unloaded into the crusher 12, where it is further crushed. The exhaust air is released into the atmosphere by fan 10.

Briquette pressing. The pneumatic transport material pipeline 13 supplies crushed raw materials into container 15. Inside the container there is a stirrer that prevents caking of the material. Then the material is discharged into press 16, where briquettes are formed.

Briquette cooling. The briquettes coming out of the press have a high temperature and are fragile. In order to give them the desired hardness, humidity and temperature, cooling is necessary. From the press, the briquettes enter the cooler17, where they are cooled and cleaned from small particles. An aspiration cyclone 18 is installed at the outlet of the cooler. It catches dust and small particles.

Teploprocess LLC proposes to install a line for briquetting wood waste. With the help of the equipment, not only the problem of waste disposal will be solved, but also a reliable source of income will be obtained from the sale of wood fuel briquettes.
As a result of briquetting, dense, environmentally friendly fuel is obtained, which is superior in calorific value to ordinary firewood. Fuel briquettes contain virtually no sulfur, and the combustion product, ash, is widely used as a high-calorie fertilizer. Briquettes flare up well and have a long burning time.

In Russia, the market for fuel briquettes is already taking shape and will soon begin to actively expand. This is due to the fact that fuel briquettes are used to heat private houses, and in Russia there are a large number of them, and briquettes serve as a good alternative to coal.

Technical characteristics of equipment for the production of fuel briquettes

Chipper
Capacity: 1000 cubic meters/h
Installed power: 45 kW
Overall dimensions: 2200x1900x3450 mm
Weight: 1155 kg

Hammer Crusher
Capacity: 500-1000 kg/h
Installed power: 15 kW
Overall dimensions: 1455x706x890 mm
Weight: 535 kg

Fuel briquette production line with Russian briquetting press
Briquetting plant
Capacity: 500 kg/h
Overall dimensions: 1150x1000x2300 mm
Weight: 1200 kg
Briquette shape - hexagonal prism
edge width: 35 mm, height - up to 500 mm

Drying complex

Fuel briquette production line with UMP press (Lithuania)
UMP press
Capacity: 500 kg/h
Installed power: 35 kW
Overall dimensions: 1800x1800x1900 mm
Weight: 3000 kg
Briquette shape - quadrangular prism
dimensions: 150x105x60 mm

Drying complex
Capacity: 500 kg/h
Installed power: 19.5 kW
Overall dimensions: 15000x3000x7000 mm
Thermal power of the heat generator: not less than 300 kW

Fuel briquette production line with Nielsen press (Denmark)
Press Nielsen
BP 2000
Capacity: 200 kg/h
Installed power: 18.5 kW
Weight: 1300 kg
Briquette diameter: 50 mm
BP 3200
Capacity: 500 kg/h
Installed power: 22 kW
Weight: 3000 kg
Briquette diameter: 60 mm
BP 5000
Capacity: 1000 kg/h
Installed power: 37 kW
Weight: 4000 kg
Briquette diameter: 75 mm

1. FUEL WOOD GRANULES or PELLETS

1.1. Product Features

Wood pellets (pellets) are a standardized cylindrical pressed product made from dried wood left in nature, such as flour from a milling and cutting machine, sawdust, shavings, wood chips, grinding dust, forest wood residues, etc. The granules are produced without chemical fixatives under high pressure.

When making wood pellets, the raw materials are first crushed and then granulated. Main characteristics of granules:

Smooth, shiny surface;

Light wood color;

Light pleasant smell;

High calorie content;

Minimum amount of ash;

Environmentally friendly during storage and combustion.

Considering these indicators, pellets are most often used for heating houses and cottages. The popularity of pellets as a “home” fuel is also due to the fact that the heat from wood is perceived as more pleasant than the heat obtained from fuel oil and natural gas. In addition, boiler houses at the utility level, enterprises, and power plants of sufficiently large capacity operate on pellets.

Wood pellets have huge advantages over traditional types fuel:

Their calorific value is 4.3 - 4.5 kW/kg, which is 1.5 times more than wood and comparable to coal;

Structural modifications of furnaces make it possible to automate the process of obtaining required quantity thermal energy;

When burning 1000 kg of wood pellets, the same amount of energy is released as when burning 1600 kg of wood, or 480 cubic meters. gas, or 500 liters of diesel fuel, or 700 liters of fuel oil;

Minimal impact on the environment: with the same heat release as classical fuel (coal, gas), the emission of carbon dioxide into the air is 10-50 times lower, and 15-20 times less ash is formed.

2.2. Basic issues of wood pulp pelletization

What is a granule?

A granule is a cylinder of ground compressed wood or other bio-raw materials. It is from 10 to 30 millimeters in length and from 6 to 10 millimeters in diameter. One cubic meter of petroleum products (10,000 kW/hour) corresponds to about two tons or three cubic meters of granules.

Granulation makes it convenient to handle dusty substances, and therefore granulation is also used for the production of, for example, feed. Granules can be loaded using forklifts or pneumatic transport. Using pneumatic transport they can be lifted to a height of up to 20 meters. One of their disadvantages is their hygroscopicity.

Where is granular fuel used?

In Europe, pellet fuel is mainly used to produce heat by large district boilers that previously used coal. In these boiler houses, the process of burning coal in a dusty state was replaced by the process of burning dusty wood fuel. The cost of converting a coal boiler house to wood fuel is low. The largest energy producers using wood fuel in this form are in the south of Sweden in Helsingborg, in the central part of the country in Västeres and Stockholm. These three energy producers consume approximately 300,000 tons of pellets per year, supply district heating energy to approximately 200,000 people, and generate significant amounts of electrical energy. The total installed capacity of these three manufacturers is about 300 megawatts.

Classification of granules

Granules can be made from either pure wood or wood mixed with bark. Both have their own value and are in demand on the market. Granules with low bark content, have the lowest percentage of ash content, are considered a high quality product, suitable for use in home boiler rooms. Accordingly, the sales market for this product is expanding significantly. The percentage of bark used in the total volume of processed raw materials should not exceed 5%.

First class granules

In the production of first-class granules, the use of binders and bark is excluded. The price for them is in the range of 90-125 EURO/ton

· Industrial granules

When producing industrial pellets, a small amount of bark is allowed.

These granules are used in large or medium-sized thermal installations. The price for them is in the range of 75-100 EURO/ton

Feedstock

Waste from wood processing industries, low-value wood, pulpwood, etc. Creating a granular production makes sense if there is always a sufficient amount of waste. Therefore, a line for the production of wood pellets will pay for itself in a production facility that uses at least 4 tons/hour of raw wood and produces, accordingly, 2 tons/hour of waste. The ideal option is a combination of a sawmill and a pellet production line. An elementary thought: the selling price of edged lumber is about $100 per cubic meter. This cost also includes the price of material that did not go into production (under-slab board, slab, wood chips, sawdust). If we use this “unsaleable” wood for the production of fuel pellets, we will have a net profit as a result. In this case, the cost of the entire complex changes dramatically.

Pellet manufacturing technology

Granulation technology is quite widely known and used all over the world. They learned to produce granules from dry ground raw materials a long time ago. We offer high-tech equipment, which is a comprehensive plant. Particular attention should be paid to industrial use granules Impossible to produce quality products in a makeshift way, just like, for example, plywood or chipboard. The minimum price of such a plant is from 500 thousand euros and above. However, the higher the productivity, the shorter the payback period. Preliminary calculations taking into account a productivity of 3 tons/hour showed that the payback period will not be much more than 2-2.5 years, subject to taking out a loan or leasing of about 15%.

Since its inception in 1947, little has changed in the pellet production technology itself. The granulation process itself - pelletization occurs in special ring stamps (molds) with rotating rotary rollers, which are pressed into numerous holes - mold dies, crushed wood raw materials activated by steam, after which the pellets cut from the outside of the stamp with a special knife must be cooled and separated from fine particles.

Considering the entire production process, it can be divided into several stages:

· Grinding (primary, coarse grinding in chippers);

· Grinding (final grinding - refining);

· Pressing (granulation - pelletization);

· Cooling (air conditioning);

· Separation (separation of substandard fraction from full-size pellets).

General characteristics of production

The required electrical power of the equipment is up to. 900 kW
Key personnel: - 5 – 8 people/shift
Square:
- drying-preparatory area - approx. 900 m²
- granulation area - approx. 900 m²
- warehouses - according to logistics calculations

For a productivity of 2 t/hour of granules, approx. 4 t/hour of raw materials, which approximately corresponds to 16 m³ (bulk)

The state of the domestic and foreign markets for fuel pellets

Today the market is growing at a tremendous pace. Prices are constantly rising, and if the Kyoto Protocol is signed, the demand for pellets will be simply huge. Today, the main consumers are European countries. As a rule, such a market does not develop in commodity-producing countries.

In Russia, this market is already taking shape and will soon begin to actively expand. This is due to the fact that fuel pellets are used to heat cottages, and in Russia the middle class is beginning to acquire suburban housing. Many people already know that cottages can be heated using fireplaces and wood waste boilers, and are ready to buy this equipment. And in Europe, this method of heating houses is already commonplace, and all large supermarkets sell pellets in packaging of different sizes. So far, the highest demand is for thin 6mm pure pellets, as they are the main energy carrier for home fireplaces.

The advantages of this fuel are obvious to everyone, and the demand for it will only grow.

2.3. Manufacturing process

The production process is of mass production type. It is characterized by a large volume of production of one type of product. The process is carried out on high-performance equipment using a minimal amount of manual labor.

The production process is environmentally friendly. It uses electricity and environmentally friendly raw materials. As a result of the use of modern equipment in the production technology of wood pellets, no harmful emissions are produced either into the atmosphere or in the form of industrial waste. Production is waste-free.

The raw materials used for granulation are:

Material humidity (max.) - 12%
Raw material fraction - 1.5÷5 mm

The final stage of the production process involves packaging the finished product.

2.4. Production of fuel pellets in the world

The relevance of the use of fuel pellets shows an increase in the use of wood and agricultural waste in the industrial production of thermal energy in Europe, Scandinavian countries and North America by 15% annually.

Pellets are a real alternative to coal and oil, since their calorific characteristics are not inferior to coal, and their environmental parameters are generally unrivaled.

If we consider modern tendencies, then in Europe alone at the beginning of 2003 there were about 200 producers of granular and briquetted fuel. The most serious producers of pellets can be considered such countries as the USA (2000 thousand tons per year), Sweden (700 thousand tons), Denmark (600 thousand tons), Austria (120 thousand tons), Germany (about 100 thousand tons ), Canada (over 100 thousand tons). The growth of alternative fuel consumers from various countries is increasing every year. Pellet production will soon make a significant contribution to the global renewable energy strategy. For example, Sweden in 2002 covered 20% of its total needs (about 100 TW) through the use of biofuels.

2.5. Pellet standards

There is currently no single European standard for pellets, so the names of some existing national standards are given below:

Austria- ONORM M 7135 Austrian Association pellets (briquettes and pellets)

England- The British BioGen Code of Practice for biofuel (pellets)

Germany- DIN 51731 (briquettes and pellets)

USA- Standard Regulations & Standards for Pellets in the US: The PFI (pellet)

Switzerland- SN 166000 (briquettes and pellets)

Sweden- SS 187120 (pellets);

Pellets according to the Swedish standard (SS 187120) are compressed cylinders with a maximum diameter of 25 mm. According to this standard, pellets are divided into three groups, starting with I (highest quality pellets) and ending with III (industrial).

The Austrian standard ONORM M 7135 classifies pellets according to the type of raw material: wood pellets and bark pellets. The dimensions in both cases are as follows: diameter 4-20 mm and length up to 100 mm.

According to the German standard DIN 51731, pellets must have a diameter in the range of 4-10 mm and a length of no more than 50 mm.

It should be mentioned that all standards regulate such a parameter as ash content, which is mainly influenced by the presence of bark, branches and other inclusions in the feedstock.

2.6. Fuel pellet production line

The company "Teploprotsess" is engaged in the development, manufacture and assembly of equipment for the production of wood fuel pellets (pellets). This block diagram shows general principle production of fuel pellets from wet sawdust. In each particular case, the equipment depends on such indicators as:

Wood pellets (pellets) are a standardized cylindrical pressed product made from dried crushed wood waste, such as flour from a milling and cutting machine, sawdust, shavings, wood chips, grinding dust, etc. Produced without chemical fixatives under high pressure.

Pellets are used for combustion in domestic and domestic boilers. industrial purposes, V power plants thermal and power stations, V household. Pellet combustion systems are easily installed on standard boilers instead of burners for liquid (gas) fuel while maintaining a high level of automation.

Sales markets.

Today, the fuel pellet market is growing at a tremendous pace. The main consumers of fuel pellets today are Europe, the USA, Japan, and China. Boiler houses at the utility level, enterprises, and power plants of sufficiently large power use pellets. In Europe, granules are sold at a price of 80-160 Euros per 1 ton, depending on the quality of the granules.

In Russia, the market for fuel pellets is already taking shape and will soon begin to actively expand. In the North-West region, for example, the purchase price is 2000-3000 rubles per ton.

Pellets are a good alternative to coal for heating private homes. With the increase in production and supply of relevant equipment to the market, granules will be used in small-scale energy enterprises.

Pellet production line options
There are many schemes for installing granulation lines. Only given here general schemes. When completing a line, an individual approach to each customer is required.

It is of great importance which granulator press is installed in the line. Below are diagrams of lines with various presses, each of which has its own advantages.

Creating a plant with such a press will require sufficient financial investment, but these costs will pay off for two reasons:

o High quality resulting granules, and therefore high customer demand.

o Equipment reliability, long service life.
productivity 500, 1000 - 1200, 1500 - 2000 kg/hour
productivity 3000 - 4000 kg/hour

3. Line with a granulator press produced by RMZ (Lithuania)
In terms of price-quality ratio, a press from Lithuania is, in our opinion, the best option. The line in which this press is combined with our drying complex and loading systems is slightly more expensive than the domestic one, but it includes a whole set of additional equipment. Therefore, the granules obtained from it also meet European standards and are well exported.

3. Domestic line with a granulator press.
This option is the most economical. It allows the company not only to recycle waste, but also to make a profit from the sale of pellets, while investing a minimum of funds. Granules obtained from Russian equipment, can also be exported to Europe, as, for example, the KEDR company from the Nizhny Novgorod region does.

3. EQUIPMENT

3.1. Press for the production of pellets (fuel granules) from biomass.

A press for the production of pellets (fuel granules) from biomass is a highly productive and reliable press.

The raw materials used are waste from the woodworking and pulp industry, waste from wood mining, plant waste from Agriculture and so on.

Fuel granules or pellets are a standardized cylindrical pressed product (diameter 4-12 mm and length 10-50 mm) from dried bulk material, such as sawdust, bark, shavings, wood chips, grinding dust, forest wood residues, husks , hay, reeds, fallen leaves, sunflower husks, peat, droppings, shredded paper, and many other products.

Fuel pellets have a number of advantages. Firstly, they are a safe and environmentally friendly fuel. When burning pellets, the amount of carbon dioxide released does not exceed what is formed during the natural decomposition of wood, and the amount of other harmful emissions is negligible. Secondly, they have high energy concentration with a small occupied volume. Third, the granules can be moved in automatic ovens and can be blown into warehouses and transport. Fourthly, the granules have a low ash content when burned. Ash can be used as fertilizer. Fifthly, low cost compared to fuel oil, diesel fuel and electricity

Let's give the energy content of pellets: 1 ton of pellets corresponds to 500 liters of liquid fuel, 1 m3 of pellets corresponds to 330 liters of liquid fuel, 2.5 kg of pellets corresponds to 1 liter of liquid fuel.

This alternative type of fuel can be used for heating industries, houses, premises, as fuel for boiler houses and thermal power plants, passenger cars, in fireplaces and stoves (instead of diesel fuel, fuel oil and coal).

3.1.1 OGM series granulator presses

Granulator OGM-0.8

Granulator OGM-1.5

Cooling conveyor

Dispenser

Remote Control

Sawdust granules

3.1.2. Series granulator presses Twin

Twin 700 pellet press

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION:

Raw materials with particle sizes greater than 3 mm (sawdust or shavings coniferous species wood with a moisture content of no more than 15% and without foreign inclusions) is fed to the crusher mill for grinding. Next, the material is fed through a common dosing hopper into the matrix cavity of each of the two granulator presses onto rollers, which push it through the matrix holes. Under the influence of pressure and temperature, the raw materials in the holes of the matrix are compressed into granules. The granules are squeezed out of the matrix and fall into the hole in the protective casing. Before being transported to the finished product bin or packaging device, the granules are cooled in a cooling column. The cooler operates under reduced pressure, drawing air through the grille. Next, the conveyor delivers the pellets for packaging into “big bags” or small bags, depending on the selected device.

Twin 1000 granulator press

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION:
Raw materials with particle sizes greater than 3 mm (sawdust or softwood shavings with a moisture content of no more than 15% and without foreign inclusions) are fed to a crusher mill for grinding. Next, the material is fed through a common dosing hopper into the matrix cavity of each of the two granulator presses onto rollers, which push it through the matrix holes. Under the influence of pressure and temperature, the raw materials in the holes of the matrix are compressed into granules. The granules are squeezed out of the matrix and fall into the hole in the protective casing. Before being transported to the finished product bin or packaging device, the granules are cooled in a cooling column. The cooler operates under reduced pressure, drawing air through the grille. Next, the conveyor delivers the pellets for packaging into “big bags” or small bags, depending on the selected device.
TECHNICAL DATA:
Productivity: 400 - 1000 kg/h;
Press engine: installed power 37 kW(x2);
Matrix: cylindrical, internal d 410 mm, width 33 mm (x2);
Rollers: two rollers d 200 mm (x2);
Preparation of raw materials: hammer crusher 15 kW.

3.1.3. Series granulator presses Compact

Press granulator Kompakt 300

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION:

TECHNICAL DATA:
Productivity: up to 350 kg/h;
Press motor: installed power 30 kW;
Rollers: two rollers d 200 mm;
Control system: fully automated, based on a programmable logic controller;

Press granulator Kompakt 450

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION:
Raw materials with particle sizes greater than 3 mm (sawdust or softwood shavings with a moisture content of no more than 15% and without foreign inclusions) are fed to a crusher mill for grinding. Next, the material is fed through the dosing hopper into the matrix cavity of the granulator press onto the rollers, which push it through the holes of the matrix. Under the influence of pressure and temperature, the raw materials in the holes of the matrix are compressed into granules. The granules are squeezed out of the matrix and fall into the hole in the protective casing. Before being transported to the finished product bin or packaging device, the granules are cooled in a cooling column. The cooler operates under reduced pressure, drawing air through the grille. Next, the conveyor delivers the pellets for packaging into “big bags” or small bags, depending on the selected device.

TECHNICAL DATA:
Productivity: up to 500 kg/h;
Press engine: installed power 37 kW;
Matrix: cylindrical, internal d 410 mm, width 33 mm;
Rollers: two rollers d 200 mm;
Control system: fully automated, based on a programmable logic controller;
Preparation of raw materials: hammer crusher 7.5 kW;
Frame: general steel frame, dimensions 2 x 2.4 m.

3.1.4. Mini Pelleting Line

Remote Control

Provides full loading of the granulator, visually determined on the ammeter scale. Dimensions 750x850x250 mm

DMB crusher

The crushers are developed on the basis of advanced technology that provides grinding of materials in a direct-flow cycle (without sieves) with closed circulation of the dust-air mixture, as well as changing the grinding size in operating mode.

Dispenser

Ensures a uniform supply of product to the granulator, so delivery without a dispenser is possible if you ensure a uniform supply with existing equipment.
Characteristic:
1. Possibility of regulating feed from 200 to 2000 kg.
2. Drive from a gear motor 2 m. 463-28-0.55
3.Screw type d -100 mm.
4. Paddle hopper opener.
5.Weight 160 kg.
6.The feed is adjusted by a frequency converter built into the control panel.

Small-sized granulator press

Cooling table

Rice. - Mini pelletizing lines

3.2. Presses for the production of biomass briquettes.

Highly productive and reliable biomass briquetting press.

Waste from wood processing and pulp industry

Waste from wood mining

Plant waste from agriculture: stems, straw, sticks, etc. materials.

Body - welded construction, hardened

Screw feeding mechanism

Hopper with stirring device

Tool block with hydraulic compression

Tool cooling system

Briquette cooling hive

Control system

Small-sized hydraulic and mechanical presses from C. F. Nielsen (Denmark) for the production of fuel briquettes.
Cylindrical (diameter 50-100mm) and oval (axial dimensions 150x60mm) briquettes are produced. The productivity of the installations is 120-2200 kg/h. The BPH-60 (120 kg/hour) and BP1000-6000 (175-2200 kg/hour) units are produced. Any raw material with a moisture content of less than 20% can be compressed. For example: shavings, crushed wood, new and old, husks, sunflowers, sawdust, plywood remains, tobacco remains.
Plants are supplied assembled, including storage (silo) and dosing unit. You, as a customer of equipment, work with only one supplier. Enterprises with an annual waste volume of 2-4,000 tons use a BP 4000 mechanical press with a capacity of 800 kg/h.
You can press almost any raw material with a moisture content of less than 20%, shavings, crushed wood, new or old, sunflower husks, plywood residues, tobacco, etc...

Equipment for the production of low-capacity fuel briquettes WEIMA, Germany.

Hydraulic presses are ideal for small and medium-sized businesses. Machine productivity is 30-160 kg/hour. The fractions of the raw materials used should not exceed 20 mm. Humidity should not exceed 15%. The diameter of the briquettes is 50mm - 70mm.

Equipment for the production of fuel briquettes RUF(Germany):

Hydraulic presses for briquetting wood waste. The raw materials used are shavings, tree bark, etc. The waste can be either dry or with high humidity up to 15%
Presses under a pressure of 14,200 N/cm 2 form briquettes with dimensions of (150x60) mm or (240x70) mm.

The entire process is controlled by software (sequence of hydraulic cylinders, optimization of energy consumption, ...). Regardless of the quality of the materials used, briquetting occurs with the same, specified dimensions. This happens thanks to electronic control. The wear of the press components is insignificant. The machines are compact, reliable and easy to maintain (with automatic supply of raw materials, the machines can produce briquettes around the clock, without human intervention). There may be several presses in a line. Let's say to produce 1300 kg of briquettes per hour, you can use 3 x 440 = 1320 kg/hour.

3.2.1. Sawdust briquetting presses BRIO CO.MA.FER MACCINE

Recycling sawdust and woodworking waste and briquetting it is a delicate technological process that can turn your woodworking production into an environmentally friendly, waste-free, highly profitable business. In addition to the pleasure of the profit received, you will also be warmed by the thought that you are helping to keep our planet clean.

Briquetting is a process during which the material is pressed under high pressure. When pressing under high pressure, the temperature of the material rises, and resinous binding substances are released, due to which the material is glued and further formed into a briquette. The minimum humidity of the pressed material is 6%. The optimal moisture content of the material for briquetting varies depending on the breed and fraction of the latter, but based on experience we can recommend a moisture content from 6% to 16%.

The presses supplied by our company have a productivity from 100 kg/h to 2200 kg/h. Thus, we meet the requirements of both small and large companies. With the help of a press, you can turn illiquid waste into briquettes, for use both for your own needs and for further sale as solid fuel. Investment in briquetting is reliable, and in some cases it is very profitable.

Almost all materials with a moisture content of less than 20% can be compressed. For example, these could be sawdust, wood chips (both new and old), seed husks, rice husks, sugar cane, groundnut shells, sunflowers, glass chips, MDF dust, plywood residues, tobacco dust, dry dirt, etc. .d.

Acceptable sawdust sizes, mm (no more): length - 25; width-20; thickness-2.

Technical characteristics of sawdust briquetting presses BRIO

Competitive advantages of Brio sawdust briquetting presses

	Conical loading hopper (for mod. 155-160-165-170) to prevent clogging
	Cylindrical self-centering monoblock standard on all models
	Digital thermostat (mod. 165-170-175 Super-275 Super) for automatic control of oil temperature and shutdown of the unit when the oil temperature reaches 60 degrees
	Oil level automatically shuts down the unit when the oil level drops
	Oil cooling device based on a closed air/oil cycle (mod. 165-170). Eliminates the problem of water supply and the formation of lime deposits, improves General characteristics installations by optimizing the oil cooling process
The exclusive hydrodynamic system (for mod. 155-160-165) replaces the design using limit switches and solenoid valves, which greatly simplifies the maintenance of the unit. Additionally, on all models, the system is mounted directly to the rear flange of the cylinder, eliminating the need for hoses and guaranteeing high pressure sealing. A device for starting the installation at low temperatures, automatic with a timer (mod. 155-160-165), ensures a softer and gradual start-up of the installation without kickback and pressure surges when operating the installation in harsh climates. At the same time, it avoids the occurrence of pressure that forms in the monoblock in the first minutes of operation. In the production of BRIO presses, components from leading manufacturers are used: MARZOCCHI pumps, PARKER hydraulics, BONFIGLIOLI gearmotors, ICME motors, KLOCKNER MOELLER electrovalves, ROL OIL hydraulic oil. The press complies with all CE regulations.

3.2.2. Sawdust briquetting presses BP-500 and BP-1000

Sawdust briquetting presses BP-500 and BP-1000 are designed for processing waste from timber industry enterprises (sawdust, wood chips), waste from the printing industry, processing of agricultural products and peat mining. Scope and operating principle of sawdust briquetting presses BP-500 and BP-1000 Pressing occurs under high pressure without the use of binders; pressed waste is used as a high-calorie, environmentally friendly fuel. Briquetting is also used to solve the problem of storing and transporting production waste that arises at woodworking enterprises - carpentry shops, sawmills, plywood production, etc., since briquetting reduces the volume of waste by 7-8 times. Reducing the volume of waste reduces the negative impact on the environment. The fuel material obtained as a result of briquetting is widely used both in industrial heating systems and in individual households.

Side view

View from above

Design features of sawdust briquetting presses BP-500 and BP-1000, ensuring high precision and quality of processing, ease of maintenance and high productivity

	Convenient control panel An ergonomic control panel with an emergency switch makes the operator's work as easy as possible. The photo shows the control buttons on the panel. Control panel from inside The electrical control panel is equipped with electrical equipment from leading European manufacturers, which ensures reliability and uninterrupted operation.
Three waste treatment modes The design of the press provides three adjustable speeds for processing waste of various fractions: - For fine dust from grinding machines, crushers, cross-cutting machines; - For large chips from jointers, surface planers, planers; - For waste consisting of a mixture of fractions.
	Cooling Fan The fan is designed to cool the oil in the hydraulic system. Air circulation occurs in a closed manner.
	Pre-drying of waste Before processing begins, the waste is preheated using a special heater. This is done to reduce the moisture content of the processed waste, which is technologically necessary for high-quality briquetting.
	Collapsible bunker The patented design allows the hopper to be disassembled and equipment to be packaged more compactly, which reduces equipment storage space and transportation costs.
	Hydraulic system Advantages of the hydraulic system of this equipment the fact that it does not require connection to a common pneumatic system or the purchase of a compressor; In addition, there is a built-in hydraulic pump, that is, the hydraulic system is completely autonomous. Overload protection is provided, which means the presence of a system of safety valves, which, if the pressure in the hydraulic system increases, automatically reduces it to an acceptable value. Built-in pressure gauges allow you to control the pressing force depending on the properties of the processed raw materials.

Technical characteristics of sawdust briquetting presses BP-500 and BP-1000

3.2.3. Sawdust briquetting press Oscar (Italy)

Technical characteristics of the sawdust briquetting press Oscar

3.2.4. Mechanical press B9032

Technical characteristics of Persian B9032

3.2.5. Universal two-stamp briquetting press B9027A (PBU-2)

The press is designed for briquetting various materials for fuel and technological needs.
Can be used in enterprises that have sawdust, shavings, agricultural and technological waste: husks, fire. The operating principle of the press is based on periodic compression of the material between the end of the stamp and the briquettes in the matrix channel. List of basic materials: wood waste, bark, small chips, fallen leaves. Agricultural waste: hay, straw, corn cobs, rice husks, buckwheat, etc., flax, hemp, kenaf, etc. Others: crushed reed stalks, sunflower, peat, hydrolyzed lignin. The press is supplied complete with a feed hopper.

3.2.6. Universal single-stamp briquetting press B9027 (PBU-1N)

The press is designed for briquetting various materials for fuel and technological needs. Can be used in enterprises that have sawdust, shavings, agricultural and technological waste: husks, fire. The operating principle of the press is based on periodic compression of the material between the end of the stamp and the briquettes in the matrix channel. List of main briquetted materials: wood waste, bark, small chips, fallen leaves, hay, straw, corn cobs, rice husks, buckwheat, flax husks, hemp, kenaf, crushed reed stalks, sunflower, peat, hydrolyzed lignin.
The press is supplied complete with a feed hopper.

3.2.7. BP series briquetting presses

Below are the models of briquetting presses.

3.2.8. Extruder press

The extruder press is designed for the production of fuel briquettes from waste from the food and forestry industries, i.e. sunflower husks, buckwheat husks, rice and other cereal crops, as well as sawdust of various types of wood.

The difference between this press and other similar ones is:
- low energy consumption
- good performance
- ease of maintenance
- mobility during installation
- operational reliability and quick recovery of the working auger.

The extruder press is operated in a room with an ambient temperature not lower than +5C, with the installation of ventilation and smoke exhaust equipment.

The principle of the technology for producing fuel briquettes is to compress raw materials with a screw under high pressure when heated from 60 C to 120 C. The resulting European standard briquettes do not contain any binders, except for one natural one - lignin. Under the influence of temperature, the surface of the briquette is melted, which contributes to very long storage and convenient transportation of products. This extruder produces fuel briquettes in the form of a 6-sided bar with a hole in the center with a diameter of 20 mm to remove smoke generated during the briquetting process. The timber comes out continuously and is then cut to size using a miter saw. Received the right size briquettes are packed in shrink film or cardboard weighing 9-12 kg. . The briquette has a diameter of 50 mm and edges of 55 mm, which corresponds to the European standard.

Thanks to our developments, we switched to new level equipment production, where they were able to reduce the minimum heating temperature from 180 C to 50 C, which can significantly reduce energy costs for the production of fuel briquettes, reduce heating time and, accordingly, increase productivity.

Table 1 shows the main parameters of raw materials for the production of briquettes.

Pay special attention to the moisture content of the raw materials. To accurately determine the moisture content of raw materials, special electronic-type moisture meters for bulk materials are used. If these parameters are not observed, a high-quality briquette will not be produced and the raw material must be dried. The resulting briquette is close in its physical and chemical parameters to coal.

Table 2 shows a comparison of briquettes with coal.

The table shows that the briquette’s calorific value is almost similar to that of hard coal, and its ash content is 10 times lower. In addition, there are no sulfur emissions when burning briquettes, which makes it an environmentally friendly product.

3.2.9. Press extruder Bric B 70

3.3. Mini-plant for biofuel production

Fig.1. Scheme of a mini-plant for the production of biofuel from wood waste or peat (one of the options).

1 – Container
2 – Conveyor
3 – Chipper
4 – Automated warehouse
5 – Conveyor
6 – Crusher
7 – Pneumatic transport fan
8 – Material pipeline
9 – Cyclone
10 – Fuel bunker of the heat generator
11 – Heat generator combustion device
12 – Heat generator afterburner
13 – Heat generator mixing chamber
14 – Storage hopper of the drying unit
15 – Drying unit
16 – Material pipeline
17 – Dosing hopper for briquetting press
18 – Briquetting press
19 – Finished product cooling line
20 – Finished product packaging device
21 – Bag 10 – 30 kg
22 – Main control cabinet

The modular mini-plant for the production of fuel briquettes includes the following sections (modules):

I. Raw material preparation module - here raw materials in the form of lump wood waste, which does not contain foreign inclusions (such as stones, metal), are crushed in a chipper, supplied to a temporary warehouse for raw materials, and then further crushed in a crusher. After the crusher, the crushed raw materials are moved to the next module using pneumatic transport.

II. Raw material drying module - here the raw material, pre-crushed in the 1st module, enters the storage hopper of the drying unit, as well as the fuel hopper of the heat generator (as fuel for the drying process) and is dried in a rotary (drum) type drying unit until the specified humidity is reached, then, using pneumatic transport, it is moved to the next module.

III. Briquetting and packaging module - here the dried material enters the dosing hopper of the briquetting presses and is then fed to the briquetting presses. After the presses, the finished briquettes are cooled and packed into bags.

3.4. Technological line for the production of biomass briquettes.

Technological line for the production of biomass briquettes – capacity 600 kg/hour:

1 - mill for coarse grinding (grinding);

2 - drying room;

3 - bunker;

4 - mill for fine grinding (grinding);

5 - bunker;

7 - briquetting press.

Technological line for the production of biomass briquettes designed for processing waste from timber industry enterprises (sawdust, wood chips), waste from the printing industry, processing of agricultural products and peat mining.

Briquetting makes it possible to increase the efficiency of using transport containers when transporting waste by 4 - 8 times, which is ensured by 6 - 12 times compaction of sawdust and shavings - wood waste.

With the constant rise in energy prices (coal, natural gas, natural gas, oil), the need for fuel briquettes began to increase. When burned, the calorific value of conventional wood briquettes is 4000 - 4400, and that of bark briquettes is 4500 - 6000 kcal/kg.

The environmental aspect of the problem is also of no small importance: in addition to the fact that the problem of cleaning the territory from waste is cost-effectively solved, briquettes made from wood waste and bark practically do not contain sulfur and have high reactivity, therefore, their combustion products do not contain sulfur dioxide and sulfur gases, and the content carbon monoxide is minimal. In addition, ash from burning briquettes, accounting for 0.3 - 1% of the total mass, has the properties of an effective potassium fertilizer, while coal ash is toxic.

Thus, equipment for waste disposal using briquettes allows you to:

Buy an excellent source of energy;

Save space when storing waste and transporting it;

Make a profit from selling briquettes.

In general, the technological process for the production of fuel briquettes (pellets) includes the following stages: grinding raw materials to obtain the required fractionation, drying the crushed raw materials, granulating, cooling the granules.

Grinding: One of the stages of preparing raw materials for briquetting (or granulation) is its grinding. The whole process is aimed at reducing the fraction of the feedstock, in order to “facilitate” the work of the briquetting press (granulator press). The smaller the wood particles that enter the pressing chamber into the internal cavity of the rotating matrix, the less resistance there is on the motor and the roller assembly. Accordingly, the service life of the press increases. First, large pieces of waste are crushed to chip size in chippers or rollers. Chips, as a rule, are fed into a hammer crusher and, depending on the diameter of the screen holes, acquire their final size. Of course, it is important to take into account the moisture content of the wood, since raw wood (natural humidity, up to 55%) can stick in a hammer crusher, and even more so in winter. When constructing (designing) the grinding section in our line for the production of briquettes (pellets), we took this feature into account. In our technology we resort to grinding at least twice.

Drying of crushed raw materials: The crushed raw materials are fed into the drying drum. Excess moisture is removed using hot air. The temperature of the drying agent at the inlet to the drying drum is up to 400ºC, at the outlet – up to 100ºC. The raw materials are dried to a moisture content of less than 12%. Next, the dried material is supplied via pneumatic transport for re-grinding.

Briquetting (granulation): Modern presses, as a rule, have a whole arsenal of devices that allow them to be used optimally. These are humidifiers (steam, water), mixers, dispensers, devices for monitoring electrical parameters, overload protection circuits, etc. The direct formation of granules occurs after the raw material gets between the rotating matrix and the rollers. When the product is forced through holes in the matrix (die), the raw material is compressed and acquires the required geometric dimensions and density.

Cooling: The formed granules acquire the required hardness only during the cooling process, and the more competently this process is organized, the more best quality the product you will receive.

3.5. Screw pressing line

In the production of briquettes, the screw pressing method is used, when the product comes out continuously (as in a meat grinder). This technical proposal LShP00.000TP applies to a screw pressing line designed for processing sawdust and wood waste into fuel briquettes. Four configuration options, main components and technological diagrams are presented.

Option 2 involves processing only sawdust with a moisture content not exceeding 40%.

Option 3 involves processing only sawdust with a moisture content not exceeding 40%.

Technical characteristics of individual line nodes.

Screw press:
productivity for finished briquettes, kg/h - 400;
installed electrical power, kW - 46;
weight, kg - 400;
worker auger rotation speed, 1/s - 8;

Feed auger for mixing dry sawdust and feeding it into the press:
adjustable feed screw speed, 1/s - 3-12;
installed electrical power, kW – 2.2.

Storage hopper for sawdust with constant stirring:
Bunker volume not less than, m3 - 3.0;
installed electrical power, kW - 0.7;
hopper diameter -1800;
height with supports, mm, no more than -3300.

Screw feed conveyor KVN4.2 for loading the storage hopper with dry sawdust:
screw speed, 1/s, not less than - 4;
installed electrical power, kW - 1.5;
length of the working part, mm, no more - 6300;

Drum dryer SBO-400 for reducing sawdust moisture:
rotation speed, 1/min - 1.5 - 15;
installed power, kW - 2.2;
length with receiving and unloading hopper, mm, no more than 7720.

Cyclone TsN-11-800 for separating small fractions of sawdust
air flow, m3/h, up to - 15,000.

Heat generator UVN-400:
thermal power, kW - 400;
- outlet air temperature (Tout), 0C - 120 -140;
- mass, t, no more than - 6.0;
- overall dimensions, mm -2700x3000x2800.

Loading system SZ-1
Sawdust conveyor
- length, m – 3

Dry (or wet) belt woodchip conveyor:
length, m - 3-10;
- engine power, kW - 1.5.

Chipper RM-55R:
productivity, m3/h - 3-10;
output dimensions of chips, mm - 20-20-2;
power of installed engines, kW - 31.5.

Chipper and wood chipping machine:
productivity, kg/h, up to - 1500;
output chip sizes, mm - 0.1-1;
power of installed engines, kW - 37.5.

The chipping machine processes waste with a diameter of up to 150 mm into a large fraction, then this fraction is fed into a wood chipping machine where this fraction is crushed into a smaller fraction, which is passed through the press.

3.6. Chopping equipment

3.6.1. Mill for fine grinding (grinding).

The mill is designed for grinding (grinding) biomass: tree bark, stems, branches, boards) to the required size.

The body is a welded structure, hardened.

Cutting elements ensure reliable operation under high loads.

3.6.2. Mill for coarse grinding (grinding).

The mill is designed for coarse grinding (crushing) of biomass: branches, tree bark, boards, stems, straw and other similar materials.

The design ensures reliable operation under high loads.

The body is a hardened welded structure ensuring reliable operation.

Disc knives are geometrically differentiated.

3.7. Drying complex

Drying complex for drying wood waste (sawdust, shavings) produced by "TERMOTECH" and for the production of pellets.

The increasing number of wood processing enterprises has led to a significant increase in technological waste from their production activities. In the process of development, enterprises are processing wood more and more deeply, which leads to a manifold increase in waste. At the same time, sawdust, shavings, wood chips, bark and other wood waste are dumped into dumps, rot, smolder, releasing harmful substances in atmosphere.

Transporting wood waste to specialized landfills is inconvenient and unprofitable. Using technical waste as fuel directly, in large volumes, is ineffective due to its low calorific value.

Our company offers a comprehensive solution to this problem:

Option #1 - The use of universal heating equipment - solid fuel boilers and gas generators, allowing the use of waste own production, thereby reducing disposal costs. In this case, waste of any size and humidity is used. The boilers operate automatically, maintaining the specified coolant parameters and mechanized loading of raw materials.

Option #2 - Re-equipment of existing boiler houses to operate on wood waste. Waste incineration installations are linked to existing heating equipment schemes for boiler houses.

Option #3 - Application of installations for the production of fuel pellets ( pellet) using wood of any fraction and humidity.

Top view of the drying drum. Screw conveyor for loading raw materials (sawdust) and a gas generator with an observation platform.

Technical characteristics of the drying chamber.

· Raw materials used: sawdust, shavings, coniferous wood chips.

· Relative humidity of raw materials and fuel (sawdust, shavings, wood chips) for drying - W 0 = 45-50% (absolute humidity W = 80-100%).

· Final relative humidity W0 = 9-12%.

· Granulometric composition of raw materials: sawdust – Ø 0.5-2.5 mm; chips – thickness b = 1.0 mm; wood chips – 15x10x0.8 mm.

· Productivity of the drying complex in terms of dry matter Q=2.5 t/h.

· Temperature of flue gases at the inlet to the drying drum - T1= up to 700°C.

· Flue gas temperature at the outlet of the drying drum T2 = 100 - 120°C.

· Rotation speed of the drying drum is up to 6-9 rpm.

· Nominal (calculated) productivity – 2500 kg/hour;

Specific heat energy consumption per unit of evaporated moisture is 1.22 – 1.3 kW/kg.

Productivity for evaporated moisture (calculated) – 2050 kg/hour.

The thermal power of the heat generator is 2.5 MW.

Fuel for the heat generator - sawdust, shavings, wood chips, granules, screenings of granules and briquettes or their mixture with humidity (relative) W0 = 35-60% (calculated humidity W0 = 45%).

· The equipment meets the requirements of GOST and other regulatory documents regulating:

· safety requirements for the design;

· general sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air in the working area;

· vibration;

· electrical safety;

· fire safety;

· General requirements safety to workplaces.

I. Equipment

1. Gas generator with spark arrester, air mixing system and kindling pipe (item 2).

2. Dryer drum with drive (item 1).

3. Scraper fuel supply conveyor (item 7)

4. Dry matter cyclone with dispenser valve (item 11).

5. System of environmental cyclones (item 12).

6. Smoke exhauster (item 13).

7. Transition unit with fire damper shutter (item 3)

8. raw material bunker with tedding system (item 4);

9. scraper conveyor for feeding raw materials (item 6);

10. raw material sorting unit (item 8);

11. screw conveyor for feeding raw materials (item 9);

12. fuel bunker with tedding system (item 5);

13. intermediate fuel bunker with automatic screw feed (item 10);

14. air and gas duct system (item 14);

15. chimney (pos. 15).

16. Gas ducts.

17. Control panels and automation of the drying complex.

18. Photo gallery of automatic control of a drying complex for drying wood waste

19. See prices here>>

Equipment placement:

The total area for equipment placement is 400-450 m2; of which 200-250 m2 are indoors. Total weight of the complex – no more than 73,000 kg, including a heat generator with a spark arrestor (combined) – 29,000 kg. Installed electrical power fully equipped complex equipment (including an environmental emissions treatment system) – no more than 145 kW

1. Gas generator

A VGG type gas generator is used as a source of thermal energy.

The fuel for the firebox is sawdust and wood chips with a moisture content of 50-70%.

Thermal power of the gas generator required to produce 2.5 t/h of dry matter with a moisture content of 9-12%. from sawdust with an initial humidity of 50-70%.

In the event of an emergency shutdown of the fuel supply (for example, if a foreign object enters the fuel supply system), an emergency switch is provided.

The fuel receiving bunker is designed to prevent fuel from hanging with high humidity in winter (GOST 12.2.026.0-93 Interstate standard “Woodworking equipment, safety requirements and design”).

The boiler provides reliable spark extinguishing, preventing sparks and flames from entering the drying drum.

Behind the mixing chamber there is an emergency gate that cuts off the firebox from the drying drum in emergency situations. The gate is held by an electromagnet and is triggered automatically according to the established circuit.

Feed box fresh air it is discharged into the mixing chamber behind the building, and is additionally used as a kindling and emergency chimney when the shut-off gate is activated.

The operating mode of the furnace ensures complete combustion and prevents generator gas from entering the drying drum to prevent it from igniting.

Mechanized ash removal is provided.

2. Dryer drum

The drum is positioned horizontally (to ensure optimal working conditions, to eliminate significant axial pressure of the drum, wear of rollers, and damage to end seals).

The distribution of masses during rotation of the drying drum and the location of the drive station are monitored depending on the right or left rotation of the drum.

The support rollers (rollers) are unified and easy to change.

The tight connection of the drum with the fixed structures is ensured by an annular seal.

The drying complex takes into account the thermal expansion of the drum.

The presence of more than the calculated heated sawdust in the drum is excluded.

A stepped chute is installed in front of the drying drum to cut the flow of raw materials and ensure sawdust floats when it is fed for drying.

A smooth and adjustable supply of sawdust into the drying drum is ensured by a screw conveyor with a frequency drive.

The raw material receiving hopper has a sufficient volume (approximately 40 m³) and is designed taking into account fuel hanging with high humidity in winter (GOST 12.2.026.0-93).

A sorting machine is located between the raw material receiving hopper and the screw conveyor, which prevents large waste wood and bark from entering the screw conveyor and drum.

Behind the dryer drum there are pockets in the flue ducts to catch foreign objects.

An explosion valve is provided for installation on the drying line.

3. Dry matter cyclone

The performance and overall dimensions of the dry matter cyclone are designed taking into account the complete sedimentation of dried sawdust and the elimination of their freezing in the cone. The dosed supply of dry matter from the cyclone is carried out by a sluice gate driven by a gear motor.
Cyclone for receiving sawdust (shipment).		The shutter is a dispenser for the dry matter cyclone. (Designed for accumulating dried sawdust.)
4. Flue gas purification Cleaning of flue gases from wood dust is ensured in a battery cyclone or multicyclone; it is taken into account that wood dust in combination with moisture removed from sawdust has increased adhesion, i.e. ability to stick. The degree of purification meets environmental requirements. The cyclone operates for a long time without loss of pressure Δ P. Convenient and quick cleaning of the cyclone from wood dust.
5. Gas ducts Calculation of the diameters of gas ducts is carried out taking into account the specified performance of the drying complex. The components of the flue have flanged connections and can be easily transported by vehicle. There is a system of gate valves for the purpose of dividing gas ducts into separate sections in the event of a fire.
Adapter with a receiving device for raw sawdust and a gas duct.	Manufacturing of rotating parts of flue ducts.

The search for an alternative fuel sometimes leads to unexpected results. And it all started with wood - the mother of all modern coolants. And it would seem that it was completely lost against the backdrop of cheap gas, efficient diesel fuel or exotic fuel. But the time has come to take a fresh look at wood, and the reason for this was the emergence of a new product - fuel briquettes, or as they are also called, Euro-firewood.

They are a compressed mass, consisting in most cases of wood waste (sawdust, shavings, etc.). Briquettes may differ in composition, shape and production method. But regardless of these parameters, they all have certain physical properties.

The physical properties of briquettes fully correspond to wood, since it is part of their composition. But there are certain differences in characteristics.

The main problem with simple firewood is the increased humidity and ash content. When any type of wood burns, a certain amount of minerals remains. For many breeds, this parameter ranges from 1.2 to 3% of the total mass. At the same time, due to the primary processing of raw materials before the production of briquettes, the ash content can be reduced to 0.7%.

There is also the so-called external ash - mineral substances that got into the firewood during its preparation, transportation or storage. These impurities can be included in the composition with a 15% content. Briquettes are completely free of this “unnecessary” component.

The calorific value (transfer of internal energy to the surrounding space) for firewood has a maximum value of 3000 kcal/kg. For briquettes, this value ranges from 4400 to 5200 kcal/kg.

We can summarize the results with a small table of briquette characteristics:

Knowing these data, you can professionally choose one or another type of briquette fuel. But before that, it’s worth considering their advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages:

• High calorific value.
• During the combustion process, a small amount of CO2 is released - several orders of magnitude lower than that of coal or gas.
• Minimal formation of ash, which can subsequently be used as mineral fertilizer.
• Convenient form for storage.
• Higher density compared to conventional wood. This allows you to obtain a sufficient amount of heat with smaller briquette sizes.

Flaws:

• Briquettes are more expensive than regular firewood. But their effectiveness is much higher.
• Organization special place storage

There are several types of this fuel, each of which differs in the degree of processing and form.

Cylindrical

In most cases, this is pressed wood pulp of a cylindrical shape; they are often called Euro firewood.

Some types have a longitudinal hole. Its presence indicates the method of production. The prepared and dried raw materials are poured into a container, the neck of which leads to a screw, which is located in the pipe. The screw transports the wood pulp to the pressing zone, where it is dosed into a cylindrical pressing mold. Next, ready-made briquette forms are formed under a pressure of 500-600 bar.

The advantage of this technology is the minimal configuration production line and greater productivity.

Geometric dimensions:

• Diameter: 60-90 mm.
• Length: from 50 to 350 mm.

Rectangular

Another name is firmly attached to this type of briquettes – RUF. It was borrowed from the manufacturer of pressing equipment - the German company Ruf.

They have a rectangular shape and are easy to store. No special additives are used in their production, only pure sawdust. Equipment for this form of briquettes is supplied by several European companies. And despite its low price, the quality of the products almost always remains at a high level.

Geometric dimensions – 65*95*150 mm.

Multifaceted

The main problem with the products described above is the fear of moisture. To solve this problem, special equipment was developed that allows not only pressing, but also external heat treatment of briquettes.

Their shape can be 4- or 6-sided. As a result of exposure to temperature, the surface acquires a dark brown color and a protective moisture-resistant layer is formed. Another feature is the high press pressure – up to 1100 bar. This increases the density of the product and, accordingly, its combustion efficiency.

Modern energy material - fuel briquettes, are used as solid fuel. They are a replacement for “classic” firewood and are produced by pressing waste from the woodworking industry: shavings, sawdust, chips, etc. Some types of such briquettes are made from sunflower husks, straw and similar materials. This fuel has high potential and can completely replace firewood.

Eco-firewood or fuel briquettes

Eurobriquettes are the same firewood. They are made from wood. But the structure distinguishes them from ordinary firewood. The crushed wood chips are dried and pressed into a form convenient for use. This allows them to have an efficiency five times greater than that of firewood.

Fuel briquettes were invented by practical Germans. Or rather, the German specialist H. Ruff. He developed special equipment that gave sawdust the shape of a brick. The briquette standard that was obtained in this way was named after the inventor - Ruf. After this discovery, the production of ruf briquettes spread throughout the world. Including to Russia. Where, thanks to large forest reserves, the woodworking industry is well developed.

The technology for producing fuel briquettes is simple. Dry wood chips and sawdust are loaded into a special compartment, where excess moisture is removed from them. After which the mass is subjected to briquetting at high temperature. A press with a pressure of 250 atmospheres creates briquettes that are characterized by ultra-low humidity. It is 5-6 times less than the humidity of ordinary firewood.

Eurobriquettes are very common in Europe today. They are used not only for fireplaces or saunas, but also for heating ordinary houses. Special ovens are used for this purpose. Their design allows you to warm up a large room using a minimum amount of “eurowood”.

Types of "Eurofirewood"

Today you can buy briquettes various types. All of them are divided according to the materials from which they are made and the shape. They got their name from the manufacturer who first made them and introduced them to the market:

• Round. (Nestro). One of the most common in our country. They have a cylindrical shape with a length of 50-400 mm and a diameter of 55-90 mm. The press gives them this shape high pressure. The material is crushed wood. In its shape, the briquette “copies” ordinary firewood and is highly environmentally friendly.

IMPORTANT: When choosing round briquettes, examine their shape and size. High-quality briquettes must have a diameter of at least 80 mm and a length of 250 mm. Unfortunately, today you can find such low-quality briquettes that have more “modest” sizes. They are produced on equipment with which it is impossible to achieve the required density.

• Bricks (Ruf). This “classic” form of “Eurowood” appeared earlier than others. They are produced by pressing on equipment specially designed for this purpose. No other materials are added to the chips and sawdust. Roof briquettes are sometimes called “eco-wood”.

IMPORTANT: Unlike round ones, these “Euro-firewoods” are almost never bad. The only thing you need to consider. It is better not to purchase such fuel briquettes from birch dust waste. The fact is that they are made from the remains of plywood, the production of which uses formaldehyde. They have a characteristic white color and fine grain.

• Pini-kay. They are “euro firewood” with the shape of an irregular polygon in cross-section. They are covered with a dark crust on top and have a hole in the center. The name of these briquettes was given by their first manufacturer - the Pini&Kay factory (Austria). After pressing, this “firewood” is also fired (hence the characteristic color). This allows them to increase strength and resistance to moisture. But the price of such briquettes is higher than others. The hole in the center allows these briquettes to burn better. Therefore, they are chosen not only for heating, but also for the aesthetic enjoyment of fire. For example, for fireplaces. “Eurodrova” Pini-keys are very popular in Moscow.

When choosing “Euro firewood”, it is important to pay attention not only to the shape, but also to the materials from which they are made:

• Tree. These fuel briquettes have high rate specific heat of combustion. And it loses only to briquettes made from seed husks. The ash content of wooden "Eurowood" firewood is 0.5% -2.5%. That is, similar to that of ordinary firewood.
• Seed husk. Briquettes that have the highest calorific value and low ash content. The husk contains oil, which increases the burning rate when used in briquettes. The disadvantage of such “Eurowood” is high level soot But they can be used in solid fuel boilers.
• Straw. They have less heat transfer than those listed above. But thanks great potential uses are becoming increasingly popular. Straw fuel material has a high ash content.
• Tyrsa. This “euro firewood” is made from the dried straw of the perennial tyrsa plant. They have similar indicators of heat transfer and ash content as straw ones.
• Rice husk. Briquettes have the lowest calorific value and a very high percentage of ash content. The husk that remains in large quantities after processing rice, is alternative view fuel and must be used. Rice husk briquettes have the lowest cost.

The advantage of fuel briquettes over firewood

The main advantage of “Euro firewood” over classic firewood is the combustion temperature. This figure for briquettes is twice as high. At normal humidity, firewood can “produce” 2700 kcal/kg of heat, and then only in the best case. When burned, briquettes produce up to 4900 kcal/kg. Everything is simple here and there is no magic. It's all about the humidity indicator. And, as you know, it is very low among “Euro-wood” companies (8%).

Another advantage of fuel briquettes is their density. This indicator is important for burning time. Those who use oak firewood know this. That they burn longer than softwood firewood. The thing is that oak wood is denser. The same applies to fuel briquettes. It has a density (0.97-1 g/cm3), which exceeds even the density of oak (0.81 g/cm3).

Fuel Eurobriquettes have better compactness. Especially the “Eurowood” Ruf and Pini-kay. This is due to their correct shape. They are easy to fold and at the same time, they will not have any voids between them. The compactness of Eurobriquettes exceeds that of firewood by 2-3 times.

Briquettes are highly environmentally friendly. They are made only from natural wood. Due to this, when they burn, no harmful substances are released into the air. Due to this, they are very popular in the city of Moscow.

It is also worth noting the following advantages of Eurobriquettes:

• Slight soot emission
• Even burning
• High calorific value

Of course, it was not without its shortcomings. The main one is the cost of fuel briquettes. Their price is higher than that of firewood. But it is important to consider the cost per unit of heat. And here the “Europeans” have no rivals. According to this indicator, briquettes are the best source of heat for the home.

It is also worth noting such a disadvantage as fear of moisture. Unlike ordinary firewood, briquettes need to be stored where they will not be exposed to precipitation and the room humidity will be low.

Fuel briquettes have high performance qualities, so they are increasingly used for heating houses, saunas and baths.

“Eurofirewood” is an excellent replacement for traditional materials: ordinary firewood, coal, etc. Many manufacturers of boilers and fireplaces produce models of such products specifically for heating with briquettes, which allow achieving maximum combustion efficiency of this type of fuel during combustion.

Usage: in the technology of production of carbon-containing fuel. The essence of the invention: the invention is aimed at increasing the mechanical strength and calorific value of fuel briquettes. The composition for fuel briquettes includes peat and technological additives. As technological additives, nitrocellulose pyroxylin powder crushed to a size of no more than 3 mm and waste sludge from the production of dioctyl phthalate are used, in the form of a mechanical mixture of plasticizer-dioctyl phthalate, activated carbon and Butron clay. The ratios of the components are given. The method for producing fuel briquettes includes grinding, sifting the components, mixing them, pressing and drying. Mixing of the components is carried out in a paddle-type mixer for 30 minutes. Ethyl acetate is used as a solvent. Pressing is carried out on a hydraulic press at a pressure of 10-15 MPa with a diameter of elements of 10-40 mm. The briquette is dried at a temperature of about 50 o C until it reaches a constant weight. 2 sp. f-ly. 1 table

The invention relates to the field of technology of carbon-containing fuel, in particular to the composition for fuel briquettes (FB), which can be used as fuel in everyday life in fireplaces, car furnaces, boilers for municipal purposes, and also as ignition sticks. The main requirement for fuel briquettes is a fairly high level of thermal, technical and physical-technical characteristics. Thermal and technical characteristics include specific heat of combustion Q p n i.e. the amount of heat released during the combustion of 1 kg of fuel, however, the heat of combustion depends on the combustion rate, i.e. with faster combustion of fuel briquettes, which have a certain calorific value per unit time, significantly more energy is released needed for heating, thus, the combustion time of fuel briquettes is of no small importance when using them for various purposes. One of the important indicators of the operation of TB is their mechanical strength; if the strength is insufficient, destruction occurs, which leads to significant losses during loading and unloading operations, as well as environmental pollution due to dust. The composition of fuel briquettes based on milled peat is known in industry, which is an element dried and pressed in 2 stamp peat presses at a pressure of 80-120.0 MPa. There are peat briquettes made from milled peat 80-70% and lump peat 20-30 % A peat briquette is known, including peat and carbonaceous material, which is screenings of charcoal, petroleum coke or a mixture thereof in the following ratio of ingredients, wt. peat 50-90, screenings of charcoal, petroleum coke or their mixture 10-50% Peat briquettes are characterized by low mechanical strength, high crumbling, poor flammability and low heat of combustion (3500-3800 kcal/kg). There is a known method for producing fuel briquettes, including dosing, grinding, sieving, drying, mixing, pressing peat, brown coal and screening out coal, in which dosing, mixing, preparing and drying peat with brown coal are carried out together, and coal screening is crushed and dried separately , after which it is dosed and mixed with a lignite composition, and then the resulting mixture is pressed. This method is the closest analogue to the method for producing fuel briquettes. Fuel briquettes obtained from this method, have insufficient strength. The objective of the invention is to increase the mechanical strength, flammability and heat of combustion of fuel briquettes, as well as the disposal of obsolete pyroxylin powders. The task is achieved by the fact that the composition for fuel briquettes, including peat and technological additives, as a technological additive contains nitrocellulose pyroxylin powder crushed to a size of no more than 3 mm and waste sludge from the production of dioctyl phthalate, in the form of a mechanical mixture of plasticizer-dioctyl phthalate, activated carbon and clay "Butron", containing dioctyl phthalate 36 10% and solid components 64 10 wt. with the following content of components, wt. Powder crumbs obsolete pyroxylin powders 10 25 Peat 40 50 Sludge 30.50 In the method of producing fuel briquettes, including grinding, sifting components, mixing them, pressing and drying, mixing the components is carried out in a paddle-type mixer for 30 minutes using ethyl acetate as a solvent, in amount 10-15 wt. in this case, pressing is carried out on a hydraulic press at a pressure of 10-15 MPa with a diameter of elements of 10-40 mm, and drying is carried out at a temperature of about 50 o C until the briquette reaches a constant weight. As powder crumbs, obsolete pyroxylin, spherical gunpowders of any brands ("VU", "VT", 5/7, 6/7, 12/7, 14/1 SF 033, etc.) can be used, which are pre-ground on conical mills to a particle size of no more than 3 mm. Pyroxylin powder has a calorific value of 900 cal/kg and burns out in a short time with highlighting large quantity fuel. In this regard, the introduction of gunpowder into the composition improves the flammability and combustion of fuel briquettes (see table). Peat is a combustible mineral, sludge is a waste from the production of dioctyl phthalate, it is a mechanical mixture of plasticizer-dioctyl phthalate, activated carbon and Butron clay. The introduction of sludge into TB improves their mechanical strength (see table). Technological scheme for producing fuel briquettes. 1). Preparation of components: grinding gunpowder, dispersing peat on a sieve. 2). Mixing the components in a paddle mixer for 30 minutes using ethyl acetate as a solvent in an amount of 10-15% (over 100%). 3). Pressing on a hydraulic press, pressure 10-15 MPa, elements with a diameter of 10-40 mm. 4). Cutting to the required length (20 cm). 5). Drying at 50 o C to constant weight. The possibility of obtaining fuel briquettes of this composition is evident from the following examples. Example 1. Peat, previously crushed and sifted, powder crumbs and sludge were loaded into a paddle mixer in the amount of: 20 kg of powder crumbs, 50 kg of peat and 30 kg of sludge, mixed for 30 minutes. using ethyl acetate solvent in an amount of 10 kg. After mixing, the elements were pressed on a hydraulic press with a pressure of 10-11 MPa, and then dried at 50 o C to constant weight. Examples 2-8 were performed similarly to example 1, changing the ratio of components and pressing pressure. The composition and test results of the samples are given in the table. Application of this technical solution will make it possible to obtain a composition for fuel briquettes with a higher limit of mechanical strength, lower ash content during combustion, higher calorific value, and will also allow the use of outdated pyroxylin gunpowder.

Claim

1. Composition for fuel briquettes, including peat and technological additives, characterized in that, as a technological additive, the composition contains nitrocellulose pyroxylin powder and sludge, waste from the production of dioctyl phthalate, crushed to a size of no more than 3 mm, in the form of a mechanical mixture of the plasticizer dioctyl phthalate, activated carbon and clay "Butron", containing dioctyl phthalate 3610% and solid components 6410 wt. with the following content of components, wt. Powder crumbs obsolete pyroxylin powders 10 25 Peat 40 50
Sludge 30 50
2. A method for producing fuel briquettes, including grinding, sifting the components, mixing them, pressing and drying, characterized in that the components are mixed in a paddle-type mixer for 30 minutes using ethyl acetate as a solvent in an amount of 10-15 wt. in this case, pressing is carried out on a hydraulic press at a pressure of 10-15 MPa with a diameter of elements of 10-40 mm, and drying is carried out at a temperature of about 50 o C until the briquette reaches a constant weight.

It is difficult to deny that compressed sawdust briquettes are one of the most effective types successfully used for heating residential buildings. They have a high calorie content (about 5 kW is released from 1 kg when burned) and have a low ash content. Such briquettes are very convenient to store and stack, as they fold compactly and do not take up much space.

True, such fuel cannot be considered cheap: not every family can afford to heat their home with wood throughout the entire season. This raises a reasonable question: is it somehow possible to make wonderful fuel briquettes with your own hands. This is especially true in cases where the raw materials can be purchased almost at a bargain price. Fortunately, such techniques exist, and they may differ from each other. Let's look at some of them.

To get a clear understanding of how to make it yourself, you first need to know how they are made in a factory.

Raw materials

Any of the available methods precedes preparatory stage, during which the raw materials are crushed and dried.

The raw materials are sawdust and some larger parts of wood processing waste. Drying is carried out until humidity levels approach 8-10 percent. Interestingly, all kinds of agro-industrial waste (for example, husks or seed husks) and coal dust can also be used as raw materials for Eurofirewood.

Briquetting

Next manufacturing process– this is sawdust pressing, or briquetting. Today this can be done in two different ways:

1. Extrusion method;
2. Forming briquettes on a special hydraulic press.

In both cases, as a result of powerful compression of crushed wood, lignin, a special natural substance, begins to be released from it. It is this that becomes the binding composition for the crumbly mass of raw materials. The difference in the processes consists only in different compression methods. In one case it is used Hydraulic Press, capable of developing force up to 300-600 Bar.

The force of this compression heats the shredded wood, and this contributes to the formation of a solid rectangular briquette.

With another method, extrusion, wood raw materials are poured into a special hopper of the unit, and, by analogy with a meat grinder, it is moved by a screw into a conical working channel, which narrows. It is there that the compression takes place, during which the screw press develops an incredibly powerful force of up to one thousand bar.

When ready, firewood made from sawdust comes out of the extruder in the form of hexagons. Before this, they undergo heat treatment and are cut with a special knife to exact dimensions.

Fuel briquettes at home

It is completely unrealistic to imagine a situation where someone decides to purchase such a powerful unit capable of pressing briquettes at home. Even if finances allow this to be done, and the raw materials will be obtained for free, the purchase will only be recouped if the produced fuel is sold on a large scale.

In other words, it is clear that it will not be possible to implement the traditional method, which would release lignin, at home. But numerous home craftsmen, through trial and error, learned to use other binding materials.

Raw materials and preparation

• corrugated cardboard, paper;
• the cheapest, for example, wallpaper;
• clay.

To make fuel briquettes at home, it is not at all necessary to purchase expensive pressing and drying equipment. At home, things are done differently.

Savvy homeowners have gotten the hang of pressing heating briquettes from a variety of available materials that can burn:

• from ,
• leaves,
• straw,
• cardboard,
• seed husks and other things.

• Sawdust is placed in water, clay is added there in a ratio of 1 to 10, stirred well, then inexpensive wallpaper glue or soaked cardboard is added to the composition.
• The mixture obtained in this way is placed in a homemade pressing mold, and squeezed as hard as possible using hand force.
• The formed rectangles are taken out of the mold and laid out to dry outside, naturally.

Manual screw mechanism

The simplest press for the production of fuel bars, which you can make yourself, has a manual drive.

The design of this mechanism is extremely simple. But the productivity of such a screw device is low - this explains their low popularity.

A special molding container with holes is filled with the finished mixture, the screw is tightened tightly, creating increased pressure.

When using them, a lot of time is spent filling the container, twisting the mold and removing the formed briquette.

Brick ejection mechanism

It is much easier and much faster to extrude molded briquettes on another press. It is also homemade, but features a long lever and a special device for pushing out the brick. To speed up the process, some people weld not one mold, but a pair, to the frame.

Some craftsmen are capable of producing other, more advanced equipment. How to improve productivity manual machine? By installing a hydraulic jack instead of a manual drive. Of course, to produce such a unit you will have to put in a lot of effort, but the result deserves it.

Note! It will not be possible to create a pressure reaching at least 300 Bar in a homemade press even with the help of a hydraulic jack. It is unlikely that it will be possible to reproduce the factory technology at home without adding water.

Screw press

However, some craftsmen, despite difficulties with parts, managed to produce a screw press. With its help, it is possible to produce heating bricks of fairly high quality.

Craftsmen write about this on forums, but at the same time they note the rather high costs of a housing made of high-strength steel and the manufacture of screw parts. Of course, in this case you cannot do without an electric drive. A motor of at least 7 kW power will be required.

Fuel briquettes at home - pros and cons

The reasons for the attractiveness of this type of fuel are quite clear.

If a person has the opportunity to purchase cheap sawdust, or if he suddenly owns a small wood production facility, then it is quite natural to want to make briquettes on his own.

Why not burn the wood waste itself?

• The fact is that not every technique is capable of burning sawdust directly.
• Typically, wood chips burn very quickly and ineffectively, and some of it falls into the ash pan.

Special equipment

To effectively burn small wood waste, you will need a special top-burning or shaft-type boiler.

• It is almost impossible to make one yourself; the prospect of pressing waste into briquettes looks much more realistic. Although here everything is not as simple as it seems;
• Purchasing factory equipment is unreasonably expensive, and few people can afford it;
• It's cheaper to buy it yourself
• Of course, a briquetting press can be made by hand. But the resulting fuel will be of low quality, and their heat transfer will not be that high.

Why is heat transfer low?

The fact is that it is virtually impossible to reproduce the factory technology, observing all the nuances, at home:

• The resulting “” have low density and, accordingly, low weight.
• The specific heat of their combustion is almost three times less than that of wood.
• Consequently, for the same heating you will need three times more homemade briquettes.
• The process of making them takes a lot of time and effort. Although, if they exist, why not?
• By the way, such fuel should be stored carefully so that it does not become saturated with moisture.

Do-it-yourself fuel briquettes - yes or no?

Of course, it is possible to make real fuel briquettes using homemade equipment.

The main thing is to have enough time for this, as well as free space for drying and storing products.

The availability of sawdust plays an important role: it is desirable that they do not have to be expensively purchased or delivered from afar. In this case, the idea would not make sense at all - it would be much more effective to purchase a large truck of firewood.

Be that as it may, it is up to the owner to decide.

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