Dymkovo toy how to draw a lady step by step. Dymkovo painting on toys and interior items. The traditional version looks like this
In our community, posts about various Russian folk crafts have been published more than once:, another version of lacquer miniatures -, not so long ago a story was published about. And today we will talk a little about the famous Dymkovo toy.
The Dymkovo toy dates back to the 15th century, when Ivan III, trying to subjugate the rebellious inhabitants of Veliky Ustyug to Moscow, resettled them in remote areas. Among the settlers who settled across the Vyatka River - in the settlement of Dymkovo, there were many artisans. During the spring holidays in the settlement, cheerful festivities were organized, the indispensable attribute of which were clay whistle toys. Gradually, the skillful craftsmanship of toy makers became popular.
The whistles were in the form of ladies under an umbrella, ruddy gentlemen, horses, bears, deer, ducks and roosters - festively painted on white clay with multi-colored stripes and lines, rings and dots, circles similar to flowers. These toys are very simple. What stands out in the figurine of the lady is her head in a kokoshnik and her bell-shaped skirt with an apron. The rider can be not only on a horse, but also on a goat, pig or rooster. A cow, a ram, a goat are very similar to each other, and differ from each other only in the shape of the horns. The painting of the Dymkovo toy is elegant and decorative. Crimson, blue, green, yellow-orange colors sparkle brightly on a white background. The Dymkovo toy has its own symbolism. The blue wavy stripe is water, the crossed stripes are the frame of the well, the circle with a star-shaped center is the sun and celestial bodies.
The Dymkovo toy, similar in shape to products from other crafts, has characteristic differences in painting. Molded from red clay, after firing it is painted with chalk diluted in milk; now water-emulsion white is used as a replacement. Painting is done on a white background with tempera paints. Voiced tones of red, yellow, green, blue colors, sometimes supplemented with copper leaf (even gold leaf was previously used), create a bright, cheerful range of painting.
Along with archaic, fairy-tale images of deer, two-headed horses, and birds, the assortment of toys now includes images of bears and domestic animals presented in unusual situations. Interest in the everyday genre manifested itself in expanding the theme of Dymkovo toys. From urban life of the last century, the toy features horsemen, ladies and gentlemen, nannies and wet nurses. Very simplified poses, movements of the characters, and appropriate clothing retain the conventions coming from the old toy, but very accurately convey the type.
The desire for convincing characteristics and the expansion of the circle are increasingly leading modern craftswomen of Dymkovo toys to translate their works into decorative sculpture. This is reflected in the increase in the size of the sculptural images and in some narration included in the interpretation of the theme. Thus, the figure of a turkey - a very decorative bird in its plumage - becomes a frankly decorative sculpture, which is completely inconvenient for play and therefore must occupy a specific place in the interior decoration. Genre scenes representing multi-figure compositions depict today's life in the city and countryside: festivities and tea parties, a circus performance and a company boat ride.
(c) from the book by P.I. Utkin and N.S. Koroleva “Folk artistic crafts”
Dymkovo toys are also called Vyatka or Kirov toys. They have a long history, and appeared more than 400 hundred years ago in the settlement of the same name near the Russian city of Vyatka.
Story
A few words from the history of Dymkovo toys...
Initially, Dymkovo toys were dedicated to the Whistler holiday. To mark this day, folk craftsmen made whistles from red clay, fired them and painted various patterns on them.
They were made in the shape of various animals. Here were:
- and a cockerel
- and a duck,
- and deer,
- and turkey,
- and a horse,
- as well as figurines of a young lady.
However, over time, the purpose of the holiday was forgotten, but the fishery resumed in the 20th century and became a real business card this region. Dymkovo toys began to be made as Russian souvenirs.
How to make it?
First, red clay is taken, mixed with brown river sand. This type of clay exists precisely near Vyatka. A figurine is sculpted from it, for example, a rooster, turkey or horse. You have to sculpt the figures in parts. Then they are glued together using liquid clay, and the figure is adjusted by the master. The toy is then dried and fired in a kiln at high temperature. Then they begin to paint it. The patterns are painted with white paint. Previously, paint was made from chalk mixed with milk. Today there are special paints. In addition to white, toys abound in blue, green, and yellow colors, which give them a special cheerfulness. The top of the toys was covered with whipped egg white, which gave them a bright shine and elegance. Each toy is unique because it is made by hand. Among the many figurines collected in museums, you will not find two identical ones. The largest toy museum is located in Kirov.
Presentation
Probably, you guys also wanted to create such toys for yourself?
Unfortunately, it is impossible to do this at home, even if you know how to sculpt with clay. But you can try to color the silhouettes of Dymkovo toys. On our website you will find photos, pictures and coloring pages for children depicting Dymkovo toys. They can be downloaded and printed. You will be met:
- cheerful cockerel,
- important duck,
- puffy turkey,
- graceful horse
- and a lady dressed in elegant clothes.
- Also here you will find numerous patterns that decorate the Dymkovo toy.
However, don’t rush into coloring books. First, carefully look at the photos of the toys, remember what colors the figures are painted with, since the colors on the figures have their own pattern. Photos will help you draw your own conclusions, and coloring pages for children will help you practice. Probably the most favorite toys of children are the cockerel and the turkey; sometimes the children mention the lady. Why? They are the brightest, most elegant. Think about what a rooster looks like, what colors you use to paint it, because in the old days a rooster was a symbol of the beginning of a new day, the sunrise. His figure contains all the colors of the rainbow. The photos and coloring pages offered on our website will help children become more familiar with this unusual Russian folk craft, show their imagination and ingenuity, and learn to draw. Acquaintance with any ancient craft enriches a child, connects him with his ancestors, with Russian roots. And getting to know toys is doubly interesting. From time immemorial, they reveal their secrets to children, share their joy of life, create good mood and creative inspiration.
A selection of materials on the topic
click on the picture below to download a collection of pictures depicting Dymkovo toys: And you can also download individual pictures of Dymkovo toys at your discretion: lady 
Horse 
Rooster Turkey 
Duck 
“Joy for the eyes, joy for the soul!”
To folk traditions there should be
greatest attention, they must be studied and
to perceive them with all your soul and to master them”
A.B. Saltykov
Folk art carries enormous information about the life of our ancestors. Russian clay toys can be considered not only as monuments of art, but also of history. They were once ritual figurines associated with the rites of agricultural calendar holidays. Particularly interesting are the whistle toys that were made for the spring festival “Whistling”, which marked the beginning of field work. By the 19th century, the magical content of the whistle was lost, and it turned into an ordinary children's game.
In a number of centers, the production of toys has acquired independent significance. The Dymkovo toy is an urban toy; from time immemorial it was made in the Dymkovo settlement of the city of Vyatka (now Kirov). Characters such as the lady, the nurse, the fantastic bird with a big tail and others are traditional for the haze. Both molded details and the color design of the clay surface give the toys clarity and festivity. On a white ground background, sonorous colors flash brighter: red, yellow, orange, blue.
The ancient holiday “Whistling” has gone into the distant past. The old masters were replaced by new ones, carefully preserving the priceless traditions of folk art. Not forgotten! The Dymkovo toy lives and delights in all corners of the globe, glorifying the talent, beauty and skill of the Russian people.
And it is impossible not to agree with those who, looking at any of them, exclaim : “Joy for the eyes, joy for the soul!”
Life through the Haze
Type of activity: decorative drawing with elements of computer graphics
Lesson topic: “Dymkovo toy” (folk crafts)
- promote aesthetic education junior schoolchildren means of folk art;
- consolidate knowledge of geometric patterns on the Dymkovo toy
Software tasks:
- continue to introduce children to folk crafts - clay Dymkovo (Vyatka) toy (Kirov region);
- develop the ability to see the shape, color, decor of a toy and convey the unity of these qualities in drawings;
- learn to work in computer graphics techniques when decorating the Dymkovo toy;
- to develop the artistic taste of students - to teach them to see the beauty and expressiveness of the figurative representation of life in toys of the distant past and the present;
- to cultivate interest and love for folk art, respect for the traditions of the people.
Equipment: (lesson takes place in the computer science room)
For the teacher:
- models of clay Dymkovo toys (children's works from the methodological fund);
- samples of drawings and exercises - “Geometric ornament on a Dymkovo toy”;
- tables on the board - “Color and shape”.
For students:
- handout: “Fragments of the pattern of the Dymkovo toy”;
- clay toys near each computer;
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- blank outline of the Dymkovo toy on a computer monitor.
Music: Russian folk melodies
Vocabulary: A potter is a master who works with clay.
Fair- large auctions held in one place and at the same time, with entertainment.
During the classes
1. Introductory part of the lesson (game)
There is an exhibition of Dymkovo toys in the office 
created by older children. To the music “Kamarinskaya” (any folk music) children enter the fair-exhibition of Dymkovo toys
Teacher. - This is what a beautiful, fun fair of clay toys we have.
- Do you know what it is FAIR?
Children: (Bazaar, market where various goods are sold)
FAIR - large trades held in one place and at the same time, with hobbies and entertainment.
- No wonder people say: “Noise like a fair!”
In winter, when the stoves are lit and in summer on cloudy days, the whole settlement seems to be in a haze. Here, in ancient times, the Dymkovo toy was born.
Check out the toys at our fair. (They look at it, touch it with their hands).
Many years ago people came up with the idea of making toys from clay. And to this day people have not forgotten pottery.
- What do you call a master who works with clay? (Such a master is called potter)
POTTER is a master who works with clay.
From the history of Dymkovo toys
Vyatka was famous in the old days for its bazaars and fairs, which were called “WHISTLE" or "PANDEMONIUM" The entertainment of the holiday was clay toys - whistles. All winter the women of Dymkovo made toys for the fair. And now, on the shelves of the fair there are cheerful goods. Adults and children buy it willingly. The whole area resounds with whistling. The folk festival is noisy. And the loudest sound is a loud whistle. That is why this holiday was nicknamed “Whistling”.
- What did people call this holiday?
- “Whistling.”
Many different clay toys are made by craftsmen in different parts of our vast country, but the Dymkovo toy cannot be confused with any other.
The Dymkovo toy is monolithic, and the silhouette of the toys is distinguished by its soft smoothness and roundness. Molded details of frills, braids, flagella make the toy more expressive (demonstration of the toy).
- How characteristic distinctive feature at Dymkovo toys?
(The Dymkovo toy is snow-white. Before painting the Dymkovo toy, it was whitened with chalk diluted in milk)
- What elements of geometric ornament did the masters use?
(Circles, ovals, cells, stripes, dots, lines);
- What colors did you use to paint the toys?
(Yellow, blue, red, green, white (background), black).
In a modern toy, bright colors are complemented by blue, pink, orange, brown, and purple.
Look carefully at the patterns on the clay toys.
(Children sit down at their desks.)
Fixing the material:
Work on the table “Color and shape” (on the board) 
.
- What basic elements of geometric patterns are most often found on toys?
(Circles, ovals, cells, stripes, dots, strokes)
- You see how differently the elements are located relative to each other in the patterns.
- in a row;
- in a checkerboard pattern;
- in a cell between the lines.
- Pay attention to the points:
- between the rings;
- on rings;
- along the edge of the rings.
- For the color combination of elements in patterns (no more than 3 - 4 colors).
- Now we will rest and continue working on the computer.
Fizminutka (Elements of dance movements to folk music)
Part 2 of the lesson – computer graphics
Today you will join the masters of Dymkovo toys. But you will decorate the toy with patterns using computer graphics. After all, we live in a time when machines help people in their work. The computer will help us create a geometric pattern for the Dymkovo toy.
Goals: Know
- open and save a drawing;
- apply the Dymkovo toy ornament to the template.
Develop skills in working with the mouse manipulator: double and single click.
Foster a thrifty attitude towards computer technology.
Handout- cards “Fragments of Dymkovo painting patterns” - computer graphics (on the children’s tables).
During the classes
I Repetition
- What is called the “desktop” of a computer;
- What is called the “taskbar”;
- Find the Paint program shortcut and open it;
- Where is the title bar in the Paint window?
- Where is the menu bar located in the Paint program window;
- Where is the Toolbar located in the Paint program window;
- Where is the palette located in the Paint window?
II Main part
- Teacher's explanation
In order to start working as a graphic designer, you must:
- Select the template drawing you will work with: Dymkovo young lady or a horse.
- Remember the elements of patterns when painting Dymkovo toys and think over your own pattern, consisting of template elements.
- Look at the tables on your desk. Here are samples of fragments of the Dymkovo toy pattern, made on a computer.
- Use the help tables lying in front of you and look at the finished products - clay Dymkovo toys
- Draw the ornament graphically (i.e., black and white image). After that, start filling with color. To select colors, use the tables on the board
- Practical work
Assignment: Design a geometric pattern for the Dymkovo toy in computer graphics
(Method - individual)
Control and individual work teachers in progress practical work students
III Final part:
Since the artist always signs his work. We will also sign our works, and the “Inscription” tool will help you with this.
And the last stage of the students’ work is printing out their drawing.
- The final part of the lesson.
Analysis of student work.
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- What wonderful work everyone did. Now it will be easier for craftswomen to decorate their toys using sketches of your toys.
- Let's choose whose work turned out to be the most interesting?
Seryozha has a beautiful young lady with bright patterns on her skirt.
Nastya has a horse with circles and a lush mane, like in a fairy tale
We will organize all the works in an exhibition-fair and invite your parents to look at the art of their children. They will be very pleased that you remember the folk crafts of our ancestors and continue their art in modern life.
And the Vyatka craftswomen taught you the Dymkovo art of decorating toys.
We owe a big thank you to the sorceresses of Vyatka, our native land.
Because their hands never get tired and they create fabulous dolls for everyone.
No wonder people say:
“A craftsman and a craftsman brings joy to himself and other people”
That’s why we love folk toys, because there is so much kindness and fun in them.
You look and want to smile.
Maria Kurilova
Target: teach children to decorate product silhouettes with elements Dymkovo painting, choosing a color when composing a pattern. Generate interest in drawing.
Tasks:
Educational: continue to introduce children to folk arts and crafts (painting based on Dymkovo toys) . Strengthen children's skills paint simplest elements Dymkovo painting(circles, stripes, wavy lines). Select paints (combination of colors to make the toy bright and elegant). Exercise in looming circles with continuous lines with the entire bristle of the brush, rings in one circular motion, drawing dots and lines with the end of the brush.
Developmental: develop creativity, a sense of color, aesthetic feelings, hand motor skills, the ability to highlight beautiful works, the ability to listen carefully to the teacher and answer questions.
Educational: to cultivate neatness, aesthetic taste, love for Russian applied art, to evoke a desire to do something yourself, adopting simple techniques from folk craftsmen.
Material and equipment: Dymkovo toys(for demonstration, paper silhouettes horses, tables with images of elements Dymkovo painting, drawings - variants of patterns on toys, gouache paints, brushes, pokes, napkins, jars of water.
Preliminary work: conversations about Dymkovo toy, about the features of the pattern, composition, color combination, examination of products of decorative and applied art, drawing elements of Dymkovo painting. Learning poems on the topic.
Individual work: teach Dima F. draw wavy lines, continue to teach Roma R. paint with the end of the brush.
Progress of the lesson
Educator: - Guys, today we came to the toy workshop, and what kind guess:
Clay horses are racing
On stands as best we can,
And you can’t hold on to your tail,
If you missed the mane.
Look how pretty this soul girl is
Scarlet cheeks are burning, amazing outfit,
The kokoshnik sits proudly
The young lady is so beautiful!
Like a swan floats.
Sings a quiet song.
About what toys we're talking about in these verses?
Children: - ABOUT Dymkovo toys.
Educator: - That's right, children, people wrote these wonderful poems about Dymkovo toys. Name them.
Children list: - Horse, young lady, turkey, deer, goat, cow...
Educator: - Okay, well done, the masters really depict in their toys what they see around them, what they found funny and cheerful.
Guys, what colors do they use to paint such beautiful toys?
Children list colors: - Blue, red, orange...
Educator: - Well done, everyone answered correctly, but what is the most important color left in the painting?
Children: - White color.
Educator: - That’s right, the white background of toys is never completely painted over, but is always actively involved in painting, making the colors of the paints sound especially bright.
Masters use a wide variety of colors in painting, but there are only five elements, name them.
Children list: - Circle, straight and wavy lines, pea dots, diamond and checkered).
Educator: - Well done, guys, you named all the elements correctly. Now I'm offering in the air draw a circle, straight and wavy line...
Children complete the task.
Educator: - And now we are starting to paint Dymkovo horse. First we will draw small details - the mouth and eyes. What will we be draw eyes, and what paint?
Children. - We draw the eyes with black paint, using a thin stick, using the “poke” technique.
Educator. What else can we paint with black paint?
Children. - We will also paint the hooves, tail, and mane with black paint.
Educator. - And also, what kind of paint can you use? draw the tail and mane?
Children. - You can use brown paint.
Educator. - What will you decorate your horse with?
Children. - We will draw different rings, circles, dots, stripes. On the chest you can draw the sun symbol.
Educator:- Well done. Now I suggest you put a silhouette in front of you horses and color it, like a master. Get to work.
Russian folk music sounds. In the process of work, I provide the children with the necessary assistance.
Physical education minute:
I ask you to rise - this time.
The head turned - that's two.
Hands up, look forward - that's three.
Let's spread our arms four wide.
Squeeze and unclench your fingers with force – that’s five.
All the guys sit down quietly - that's six!
Children finish work and wash their hands.
I create a panorama from painted silhouettes « Dymkovo horse» .
Educator: - Guys, look what a wonderful holiday fair we have turned out to be. What's good Haze!
Children: - Yes! The toys are bright and festive.
Educator: - Since we have a real holiday, tell poems about Dymkovo toys.
1 child:
What is famous Dymkovo?
With your toy!
There is no smoky color in it,
What grayness is gray.
There's something of the rainbow about her
From dew drops
There is something of joy in her,
Thundering like bass!
2 child:
Through the mountain spurs,
Over the rooftops of villages
Red-horned, yellow-horned
A clay deer rushes.
3 child:
Here's a smart turkey
He's so foldable
At the big turkey
All sides are painted.
Look, bushy tail
He is not at all simple.
5 child:
What a horse!
Just touch -
Together with the rider
Let's gallop two hundred miles away!
Summarizing:
At the end classes all painted silhouettes are exhibited horses. The teacher offers to admire them, choose the one you like, and say why you liked it. When analyzing, note the location of the patterns, color, and neatness of the work.
Educator: - Our toys lit up. The soul becomes joyful and festive. Thank you for your work, masters.
On this class is over.
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Slide captions:
Dymkovo toy
The history of the Dymkovo toy The Dymkovo toy is an original clay craft that originated and was preserved exclusively on the territory of the Vyatka Territory (Kirov Region), in the settlement of Dymkovo, where stove makers and potters have long settled.
The history of the Dymkovo toy goes back about 400 years. The first Dymkovo toys were whistles in the shape of horses, rams, goats and ducks.
In the past, making Dymkovo toys was a family craft. In the summer months, they prepared clay, pounded it by hand or ground lump chalk in paint grinders, the rest of the time they sculpted, dried, fired the products, closer to “Svistunya” they whitewashed them with chalk diluted in skimmed cow’s milk, painted them with egg paints, and decorated them with diamonds of golden leaf. And in the spring, they brought the Dymkovo toy to the city on boats for a holiday, delighting children and adults with their art.
At the end of the 19th century, the fishery fell into decline. In the 30s of the 20th century, as part of the revival of some folk crafts, support was provided for the revival of the Dymkovo toy craft. The toy is sculpted from local red clay in sections (unlike other toys, which are sculpted from a single piece of clay). Before firing, the toys are dried and only then fired. Previously toys They were fired in a real Russian kiln, now they are fired in muffle kilns.
The fired Dymkovo toy has a red-brown color, common for clay. For whitewashing, a mixture of chalk and milk is used, into which the Dymkovo toy is dipped. In this case, the surface is covered with a dense white layer. For coloring, dry paints ground on eggs were used. Nowadays gouache diluted with egg is used.
Halftones and imperceptible transitions are alien to the Dymkovo toy. Undiluted bright colors create a feeling of joy in life. The patterns have simple geometric shapes: circles, checks, waves. In general, up to 10 colors can be used in each toy.
Dymkovo horse Very slender and beautiful, With bangs and a fluffy mane. Can swim and jump, eats oats, can neigh. Will jump into water and into fire Faithful to man...
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