Dymkovo horse drawing. Dymkovo young ladies from plasticine. Master Class. Video on the topic: Dymkovo toys

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Dymkovo toy

The history of the Dymkovo toy The Dymkovo toy is an original clay craft that originated and was preserved exclusively on the territory of the Vyatka Territory (Kirov Region), in the settlement of Dymkovo, where stove makers and potters have long settled.

The history of the Dymkovo toy goes back about 400 years. The first Dymkovo toys were whistles in the shape of horses, rams, goats and ducks.

In the past, making Dymkovo toys was a family craft. In the summer months, they prepared clay, pounded it by hand or ground lump chalk in paint grinders, the rest of the time they sculpted, dried, fired the products, closer to “Svistunya” they whitewashed them with chalk diluted in skimmed cow’s milk, painted them with egg paints, and decorated them with diamonds of golden leaf. And in the spring, they brought the Dymkovo toy to the city on boats for a holiday, delighting children and adults with their art.

At the end of the 19th century, the fishery fell into decline. In the 30s of the 20th century, as part of the revival of some folk crafts, support was provided for the revival of the Dymkovo toy craft. The toy is sculpted from local red clay in sections (unlike other toys, which are sculpted from a single piece of clay). Before firing, the toys are dried and only then fired. Previously toys They were fired in a real Russian kiln, now they are fired in muffle kilns.

The fired Dymkovo toy has a red-brown color, common for clay. For whitewashing, a mixture of chalk and milk is used, into which the Dymkovo toy is dipped. In this case, the surface is covered with a dense white layer. For coloring, dry paints ground on eggs were used. Nowadays gouache diluted with egg is used.

Halftones and imperceptible transitions are alien to the Dymkovo toy. Undiluted bright colors create a feeling of joy in life. The patterns have simple geometric shapes: circles, checks, waves. In general, up to 10 colors can be used in each toy.

Dymkovo horse Very slender and beautiful, With bangs and a fluffy mane. Can swim and jump, eats oats, can neigh. Will jump into water and into fire Faithful to man...

Step-by-step execution of work

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The Dymkovo young lady amazes with the brightness of her colors, amazing ornaments, and the feeling of the fullness of real Russian life. It may seem that a modern person, a resident of a big city, is unlikely to be able to make one with his own hands. But that's not true. It can be molded from clay - in accordance with the traditions of the Vyatka town of Dymkovo (where the craft originated), or from salt dough, which, of course, is much easier in a city apartment. After all clay toy you need to not only sculpt it, but then carefully burn it - preferably in a special oven, although a kitchen oven will do.

We sculpt at home. Which character to choose

For modeling, red clay purchased in a specialized store, or mined with your own hands from a garden plot, is suitable. It is important to prepare well workplace. You will need:

• oilcloth on the table at which the modeling will take place;
• a glass of water that can be moistened when gluing parts of a future figurine made of clay or dough;
• rags to wipe your hands with;
• wooden spatula, in order to trim the resulting figures.

Choosing the character you want to create is an individual matter. But in the Dymkovo toy, as in any craft with traditions, the set of heroes has long been quite strictly defined: the Dymkovo toy lady, a rider on a horse and just a Dymkovo toy horse, a turkey with a huge tail, a plump pig, “a deer with golden horns,” a cockerel , as well as all kinds of whistles.

The lady begins with a "bell"

The creation of each of them is an interesting process that will captivate both adults and children. For example, you can make a figurine of a lady with your own hands like this.

• The first thing that needs to be molded from clay or dough is a dress for the Dymkovo heroine. This will be a bell-type hem that is hollow inside.
• Next, two strips are twisted from clay - the future hands of the lady, a strip of a kokoshnik in the form of an accordion, a circle for the future head (on it only the nose is indicated with a convex triangle, and the eyes and mouth are drawn with paint).
• All parts are connected together and carefully secured.
• Small but important details are added to the figure: stripes of braids on the head, frills on the dress, and round earrings on the face.

How to make a frill

To make a frill, take a piece of material: it is rolled out into a flagellum, and then, by lightly tapping the edge of the palm, it turns into a clay “ribbon”, which is folded into equal segments like an accordion.

In the lady’s hands you can add a rocker with hanging buckets made of clay (or salt dough), a baby in an envelope, or a couple of children at once (the lady holds them with both hands). The modeling is completed: we set the toy aside and wait one or two days for it to dry. It should be dried at room temperature, but under no circumstances near the radiator.

When the toy is already dry...

The fact that the toy has dried will be clear from the color - the clay will become light. Now the toy can be sent to the stove or oven, where it will be fired. After this, the toy is whitewashed (simple waterproof paint that does not contain varnish will do). The whitewash must be applied in two layers, and after that, begin painting with tempera paint. The ornaments of the Dymkovo toy are circles, diamonds, rings, multi-colored stripes. By the way, the ornaments of ladies and young ladies are different: city dwellers often paint themselves with circles, while peasant women’s aprons and skirts are decorated in a more formal checkered or striped pattern.

Lady or young lady?

You can make the figure of a Dymkovo young lady with your own hands according to the same principle by which a young lady is made. They differ from each other in their headdresses: if we sculpt a kokoshnik for a peasant woman, then a city woman may well be wearing a hat. When sculpting, the basis of a headdress can be a small pancake (made of clay or salt dough), which is then placed on the head of the toy. To make the hat more impressive, add a flower or an interesting frill to it. In the hands of a young lady - unlike a lady - there may be a handbag, a flower or even a fan.

Let's sculpt a horse

Another common Dymkovo figurine (perhaps no less common than the Dymkovo young lady) is a horse. First of all, from the material chosen for work, we sculpt the torso, then the cones of the legs, as well as the head with a mane and a small tail.

All parts are combined into a single whole and glued together. The toy is sent to dry, which will also be followed by baking in the oven, whitewashing and painting.

The world of Dymkovo toys is a world of fabulously elegant, beautiful and expressive plastic figures of animals, people, and birds. Images of folk sculpture are easily recognizable by children and delight them with bright colorful ornaments. Children quickly get involved in creative games, enjoy composing and trying to realize their ideas. By workbook classes are held: “Multi-colored haze”, “Riders”, patterns “Sun”, “Duck with ducklings”, “Dymkovo patterns”, “Turkey”, “Peasant outfit”, “Bird and water carrier”.

The first lesson is introductory. Children look at the Dymkovo figures, answer questions about color, the variety of geometric pattern elements, and share their impressions. Please note: distinctive feature Dymkovo palette - bright, festive colors. At the end of the lesson, children select the colors of the Dymkovo palette on a sheet of paper.

We draw attention to the unusual image of a rider on a goat. Children “revive” the figures by repeating familiar patterns on the silhouettes. Patterns are drawn immediately with a brush, without preliminary drawing with a pencil - this is how folk artists draw. It is better to work with gouache paints.

The sides are steep,

Frilled hooves

On Egorka's back.

(A. Dyakov)

We draw patterns with a brush and a stamp. Children make their own large and small signet-poke. To do this, you need to tightly twist a strip of paper, as shown in the figure. Each paint has its own poke.

Children draw a “sun” pattern using a brush and a poke signet. The sequence of the pattern is shown in the figure.

Duck is a favorite image in folk art, associated with the sun, abundance. The chest and wings of the bird are decorated with patterns reminiscent of a large and small sun.

Children choose their own colors and decorate the duck with ducklings with a “sun” pattern.

Marfutka Duck

Walks along the shore

Duck-Marfa dots

Leads to swim.

(T. Mavrina)

We continue our acquaintance with Dymkovo patterns using the example of painting the decorative plumage of a turkey’s tail. Children complete the painting using a brush and a poke signet. Various brush techniques are used: drawing wavy lines of the same thickness, applying a brush to depict a decorative flower.

Pay attention to how the rhythm of the pattern matches the round shape of the tail.

The turkey is a traditional Dymkovo motif. Children look at a color illustration or toy and read a quatrain by folk artist A. Dyakov.

Children paint a turkey figurine with a brush and a stamp, varying and creating patterns on their own.

Children practice drawing horizontal and vertical colored lines on a skirt with a brush, and decorate the checkered pattern with additional elements.

In the decorative painting of these figures you can see a peculiar reflection of the elements of folk clothing: kokoshnik, earrings, beads, jacket, skirt, apron. As in a folk costume, everything is decorated with patterns. The patterns are harmoniously combined in color.

When painting a figurine of a peasant woman, children independently vary the patterns. When drawing patterns with a brush, it is better to start with large elements.

Children practice painting by completing patterns on skirts. We consolidate various techniques of working with a brush: drawing lines of different thicknesses and directions, applying an imprint with the entire brush and the end of the brush. The work uses a poke signet.

The lady's outfit amazes with its beautiful patterns and abundance of flounces. In the sculpting and painting of this figurine, folk craftsmen reflected the originality of the fashion of city women of bygone years.

Children independently vary the decorative elements of clothing on the figurine of the lady.

We continue to develop the aesthetic emotional perception of the image.

The picture shows the stages of sculpting by the master Dymkovskaya. The main feature is clay figures.

To work you will need:

board-stand (wooden, plastic or linoleum);

stacks - wooden or plastic sticks with flat rounded ends of various shapes (see cover);

a jar of water;

cloth

The molded clay figurine must dry, this will take several days. Then you can, without burning it, muffle furnace, paint the figurine. First we cover it with 2-3 layers of white paint. You can use white gouache, but it is better to use water-based white paint - the white background will be brighter and cleaner. Colored gouache patterns are applied over the dried background.

If the figurine was sculpted from a, then before painting it is necessary to degrease the surface using crushed chalk or tooth powder.

The figurine of the horse, like the figurine of the lady, is sculpted by folk craftsmen in parts. The figure shows what blanks need to be molded to make a horse. The numbers indicate the sequence of connecting and smearing the parts.

The image of a horse in folk art, like the image of a bird, is loved and revered. These images are associated with the ancient cult of the sun. Like all Dymkovo figurines, the horse looks festive and elegant. Before painting the sculpted figurine, children compose and draw their fairytale horse in a notebook.

Performance at a toy circus. All Dymkovo toys look festive and elegant. Not all of the figures are painted. Children must independently complete the appearance of the toy performers and color the carpet in the circus arena with Dymkovo patterns.

Other Dymkovo heroes also rush to take part in the performance: Ivan the pike rider, the bear and the cockerel. Children come up with their own patterns and paint the figures.

These are the final lessons. Children show creative activity in composing and improvising based on the Dymkovo ornament. The ornament can also be depicted around toys, enhancing the festive mood. It is advisable to combine such a task with sculpting various figures of Dymkovo toys and fairy-tale heroes written by children.

From the figures you can make a tabletop theater: “Merry Carousel at the Fair”, “The Kingdom of Dymkovo”, etc. While acting out the performance, children can read riddles, jokes, poems about the haze.

Drawing lesson in the middle group

Master class on drawing. Decorative plate "Dymkovo horse"

Guys! Today we will make a beautiful plate to decorate your home, but not a simple plate, but a Dymkovo plate! Want to? Then let's get down to business.
Before us lies the material for our plate.

In our community, posts about various Russian folk crafts have been published more than once:, another version of lacquer miniatures -, not so long ago a story was published about. And today we will talk a little about the famous Dymkovo toy.

The Dymkovo toy dates back to the 15th century, when Ivan III, trying to subjugate the rebellious inhabitants of Veliky Ustyug to Moscow, resettled them in remote areas. Among the settlers who settled across the Vyatka River - in the settlement of Dymkovo, there were many artisans. During the spring holidays in the settlement, cheerful festivities were organized, the indispensable attribute of which were clay whistle toys. Gradually, the skillful craftsmanship of toy makers became popular.
The whistles were in the form of ladies under an umbrella, ruddy gentlemen, horses, bears, deer, ducks and roosters - festively painted on white clay with multi-colored stripes and lines, rings and dots, circles similar to flowers. These toys are very simple. What stands out in the figurine of the lady is her head in a kokoshnik and her bell-shaped skirt with an apron. The rider can be not only on a horse, but also on a goat, pig or rooster. A cow, a ram, a goat are very similar to each other, and differ from each other only in the shape of the horns. The painting of the Dymkovo toy is elegant and decorative. Crimson, blue, green, yellow-orange colors sparkle brightly on a white background. The Dymkovo toy has its own symbolism. The blue wavy stripe is water, the crossed stripes are the frame of the well, the circle with a star-shaped center is the sun and celestial bodies.

The Dymkovo toy, similar in shape to products from other crafts, has characteristic differences in painting. Molded from red clay, after firing it is painted with chalk diluted in milk; now water-emulsion white is used as a replacement. Painting is done on a white background with tempera paints. Voiced tones of red, yellow, green, blue colors, sometimes supplemented with copper leaf (even gold leaf was previously used), create a bright, cheerful range of painting.
Along with archaic, fairy-tale images of deer, two-headed horses, and birds, the assortment of toys now includes images of bears and domestic animals presented in unusual situations. Interest in the everyday genre manifested itself in expanding the theme of Dymkovo toys. From urban life of the last century, the toy features horsemen, ladies and gentlemen, nannies and wet nurses. Very simplified poses, movements of the characters, and appropriate clothing retain the conventions coming from the old toy, but very accurately convey the type.
The desire for convincing characteristics and the expansion of the circle are increasingly leading modern craftswomen of Dymkovo toys to translate their works into decorative sculpture. This is reflected in the increase in the size of the sculptural images and in some narration included in the interpretation of the theme. Thus, the figure of a turkey - a very decorative bird in its plumage - becomes a frankly decorative sculpture, which is completely inconvenient for play and therefore must occupy a specific place in the interior decoration. Genre scenes representing multi-figure compositions depict today's life in the city and countryside: festivities and tea parties, a circus performance and a company boat ride.
(c) from the book by P.I. Utkin and N.S. Koroleva “Folk artistic crafts”

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