Soap making industrial equipment. Soap production as a business: what does an entrepreneur need to know? An approximate business plan for the production of soap - we calculate the profitability and payback period of the soap factory

To prepare solid soap, take 2 kg of caustic soda, dissolve it in 8 liters of water, bring the solution to 25°C and pour it into melted and cooled to 50°C lard (the lard must be unsalted and take 12 kg 800 g of it for the specified amount of water and soda). The resulting liquid mixture is thoroughly stirred until the entire mass becomes completely homogeneous, after which it is poured into wooden boxes, well wrapped in felt, and placed in a warm, dry place. After 4-5 days, the mass hardens and the soap is ready.

If you want to have a more foamy soap, then add another 400 g of purified potash to the specified amount of water or take 2 kg less lard and add the same amount of coconut oil. For cooking liquid soap dissolve the same amount of unrefined caustic potassium in 2 kg of water, bring the solution to 25°C and mix thoroughly with 8 kg of unsalted lard, previously melted and cooled to 50°C. in the future proceed as indicated above.

PRODUCTION of medical soaps

1. Vaseline-lanolin soap. 3.5 kg of petroleum jelly and 1.5 kg of lanolin are added to 95 kg of molten soap mass. Used as a skin softener.
2. Camphor soap. Take 10 kg of the best tallow soap, 400 g of rosemary oil and 400 g of camphor. When the soap has melted and needs to be placed in molds, add finely crushed camphor mixed with 25 g or more of bitter almond oil, also rosemary oil, and stir well.
3. Tar soap consists of 12-16 ordinary soap and 1-2 birch tar.
4. Vaseline-tar soap. This soap consists of 9.5 kg of coconut oil, 5 kg of lard, 8.25 kg of lye at 38 ° B, 3.2 kg of wood tar, 1 kg of yellow petroleum jelly, 83 kg of water, 70 g of rosemary and 50 g of lavender oil. Soap is prepared at 45° C.
5. Sulfur-tar soap (5%). 1 kg of sulfur color is mixed with 4 kg of heated birch tar and added to 95 kg of soap mass.
b. Carbolic soap. Ordinary white soap is mixed with 2-3% carbolic acid.
7. Sublimate soap. When preparing mercuric soap, it is necessary to use good soap with an excess of free fat, since all mercuric soaps containing free alkalis become covered with black spots after a few days of production. Sublimate is added to soap up to 0.1%.
8. Menthol soap (5%). 95 kg of soap powder and 5 kg of menthol are mixed and pressed. Used for washing hair for neuralgia.
9. Thymol soap (3%). 3 kg of thymol is mixed with 97 kg of soap powder and
ireSSuYu. Thymol soap has a pleasant odor and is used as an antiseptic.
10. Formalin soap (5%). To 95 kg of soap powder add 5 kg of formaldehyde (containing 40% formaldehyde). Formalin should not be mixed with hot soap, since if the latter is alkaline, formic acid can easily form.
PRODUCTION OF SHAVING SOAPS
1. Hot shaving soap. This soap is prepared from 12 kg of fat, 4 kg of lard and 250 g of rosin. All these materials are boiled down to a solid core. After cooking, carefully separate the solid mass from the liquor and place it in a special vessel. Then, in another kettle, 3 kg of coconut oil is boiled with 2 kg of 30° potash lye. After the saponification process is completed, increase the heat and add, stirring thoroughly, the previously prepared sound soap. If the mass should not be too thick, then add another 2 kg of water and boil until the sample taken hardens on the glass. When the soap is ready, the mass is poured into molds and 50 g of lavender oil is added to fragrance the soap.
2. Cold shaving soap. Take 14 kg of lard, 2 kg of bleached palm oil, 4 kg of coconut oil, 8 kg of soda lye at 30° B.; for aromatization, add 100 g of lavender and 80 g of tympanic oil.
3. Remelted shaving soap. 4 kg of lard and 2.5 kg of coconut oil are melted in a sand or water bath; 2.75 kg of potassium liquor at 42° are added to the melted fat, stirring continuously. When about half the lye is added, the mass begins to thicken, but when all the lye is added, it is so thick that it is impossible to stir.
The mixture is left at a temperature of 60-70 ° C for several hours alone. The hardened mass is ground in a marble or porcelain mortar, gradually adding 9 g of bitter almond oil, previously dissolved in 100 g of alcohol.
4. Liquid shaving soap.
a) Mix 60 g of olein with 125 g of hot water and add to the resulting liquid, with strong stirring, 50 g of soda lye and, finally, 120 g of white soap. The entire mixture is diluted with 75 cm3 of hot water, and 25 cm3 is added. alcohol and strained
b) Mix 1 kg of white soap, 100 g of almond oil. 500 g of alcohol, 500 g of rose water, 10 g of amber and 10 g of benzoin tincture.
5. Shaving soap paste. Take 90 g of spermaceti, 90 g of sweet almond oil, 100 g of potassium soap and bitter almond oil for fragrance.
6. Shaving soap powder. Stir 400 g of soap powder, 50 g of borax and 25 g of almond bran.
PRODUCTION OF ORDINARY SOAP
1. Making soap in a makeshift way. Take wood ash or ash obtained from burning weeds and sift it through a sieve, then scatter it, moisten and mix until a uniformly moistened mass of ash is obtained. After this, it is collected in a pile, in which a depression is formed on top. The latter is filled with lime, which is quenched by the presence of moisture. Lime should be taken in half the weight of the ash taken. When the lime disintegrates into a fine powder, it is covered with ash. Then pour water over it and leave for 24 hours, after which the lye is drained. This is the first lye, the most concentrated. It is placed in a special vessel, and then water is poured over the ash again, it is drained and a weaker lye is obtained. When this lye is ready, the stronger one is poured into the boiler and heated to a boil.
Next, add the appropriate amount of various fatty waste to the lye and boil, adding weaker lye, until the sample taken on a glass plate hardens into a transparent sticky mass. This method produces liquid potash soap, usually called soap glue. To turn the soft mass into hard, dense soap, add to soap glue table salt. In this case, the so-called soap core is released, which is a solid soda soap.
After adding table salt, the resulting core soap is scooped out, as well as the lye, after which the soap is placed again in the cauldron, boiled again with thicker lye, salted again, scooped out and placed in boxes lined with linen; when the excess lye adhering to the soap collects drop by drop on the bottom of the box, turn the box over, take out the soap, cut it into pieces and air dry.
To make soap, it is better, of course, not to take ash and lime, but directly caustic soda.
2. Preparation plain soap- solid and liquid, a) To prepare solid soap, take 2 kg of caustic soda, dissolve it in 8 kg of water, bring the solution to 25 ° C and pour it into melted and cooled to 50 ° C lard (the lard must be unsalted and take it 12 kg 800 g for the indicated amount of water and soda). The resulting liquid mixture is thoroughly stirred until the entire mass becomes completely homogeneous, after which it is poured into wooden boxes, well wrapped in felt, and placed in a warm, dry place. After 4-5 days, the mass hardens and the soap is ready. If you want to have a more foamy soap, then add another 500 g of purified potash to the specified amount of water or take 2 kg less lard and add the same amount of coconut oil instead.

PRODUCTION of toilet soaps
i. Hot method. As the main mass for toilet soaps, you can take lard soap prepared with soda lye, or prepare it separately using pork fat combined with coconut oil.
The coconut oil must be of the highest quality, and the lard must be extremely fresh and well-refined.
Fat is purified as follows: fresh fat is washed several times in cold water, cut into pieces and placed in a bag, which is suspended in a cauldron of water and boiled. When the water boils and the lard dissolves, it is lightly squeezed out, with most of the fiber remaining in the bag along with the debris. The bag is removed, and into the mixture of lard and water, for each kilogram of lard, add 4-5 g of table salt and 1-2 g of powdered alum, with the liquid boiling strongly and constantly stirring. After some time, the boiling is stopped and the fat is allowed to float to the surface. The resulting scale is carefully removed, filtered through a linen into a clean vat and allowed to harden. In this way, cooked fat can be stored unchanged in a cool place for a very long time.
To obtain a good toilet soap, take 5-20 g of coconut oil for every 100 g of fat. The latter is added not only to reduce the cost, but also to “fill” it with more water.
The soap making itself is done in the usual way, you just need to make sure that the resulting soap is neutral, that is, that it does not contain excess alkalis. For this purpose, it is salted several times and then boiled again. After the last salting, boiling is continued until the sample taken with a glass rod on the plate turns out to be completely satisfactory, that is, when the mass is squeezed between the fingers, solid plates are obtained that should not break.
In order to have completely pure soap, it is stirred with a pole, the foam is removed and poured into molds until it is transparent. The soap mass remaining at the bottom of the boiler will be less transparent and clean, and therefore it must be allowed to harden separately.
2. Cold method. The preparation of toilet soaps in the cold way, by stirring, has many advantages, which mainly boil down to the fact that here coloring and perfumery are carried out simultaneously, constituting, as it were, one operation, after which all that remains is to cut and stamp the hardened soap mass.
To prepare soap using the cold method, take coconut oil, previously cleared of random dirt, and saponify it with strong soda lye at low temperature and constant stirring. In order for the resulting soap to be neutral, it is necessary to make several preliminary tests and accurately determine the quantitative ratio of fat and alkali. On average, you have to take caustic soda in solid pieces about 15% by weight of the fat part.
When the saponification process reaches the point where the contents of the cauldron turn into a homogeneous and difficult to stir mass, then coloring and perfume substances are added to it, which, due to prolonged stirring, are evenly distributed throughout the mass.
3. Melting. The preparation of toilet soaps by melting is carried out as follows: ordinary sound soap is cut into pieces and thrown into a cauldron inserted into another cauldron with boiling water (water bath). So much water must be added to the soap so that the sample taken has a good consistency, after which the soap is poured into molds and mixed with coloring and perfume substances. The amount of added water poured for remelting depends on the properties of the soap: for hard greasy soap you need to take more water than when using other varieties that already contain a lot of water. Generally, enough water is poured so that when it cools, you get a solid soap that foams strongly in the water.
If the soap taken for re-melting is heavily contaminated, then it must be melted with a large amount of water (50-60%), and then salted and boiled.
4. Planing. The preparation of toilet soap by planing is carried out as follows: the core soap is turned into shavings using a special machine, collected in a wooden trough, mixed with coloring and odorous substances and then turned into homogeneous mass. The machine consists of a horizontal cylindrical drum, on the circumference of which there are 4-8 knives. Above the drum, which is driven into rotation, there is an inclined plane on which layers of soap are placed for planing. The soap is pressed by its own weight onto the drum, the knives of which continuously cut shavings from the soap layer. The knives are installed at a very significant slope and therefore can cut chips as thick as writing paper.
Here are a few recipes for Italian soaps, made in different ways:
5. Almond soap. To prepare it, take 4 kg of white soap, scrape it into small shavings and add a little milk. The mass is poured into the cauldron, placed on moderate heat and stirred until it thickens and begins to stretch. After cooling, add artificial bitter-almond oil and pour the soap into a flat wooden box with linen at the bottom. The soap is allowed to cool and harden, and then it is cut into pieces of the required shape.
In factories, almond soap is prepared from good strong lye with twice the weight of lard, fat, coconut or palm oil, which must be boiled until the sample taken out, placed on a cold smooth plate, quickly hardens.
6. Pink soap. To prepare this soap, take: 64 coconut oil, 40 tallow soap, 30 water and heat this mixture for 2-3 hours, knead and add a little eosin for tint. Then remove from heat and add artificial rose oil. Soap is poured into molds.
7= Violet soap= To prepare this soap, which gives softness to the skin, take 100 white core soap, 10 orris root, 10 dew incense. The soap is mixed with water, dyed purple and scented with violet essence. Then add as much starch as is necessary to impart hardness to the soap, after which the soap is placed in molds.
8. Lemon soap. Mix, with gentle heating, 1 white fatty soap and 1 starch, paint it yellow and scent it with lemon essence. The resulting mass is molded into special molds in the shape of a lemon and tinted on top in a yellow-lemon color, dipped in yellow paint with the addition of wax.
E. English round soap. To prepare this soap, you need to cut 200 good white soap into small pieces and then grind it in a heated porcelain mortar, adding 1 camphor to the mass. 100 starch is added to the resulting batter, painted in different delicate tones and perfumed. Flat-round pieces are formed from this mass.
10. English shaving soap is prepared as follows: 100 ounces of white soap are scraped into small shavings and dissolved in water until the consistency of liquid jelly. Then add 10 talc and 10 powdered alum, paint it creamy and perfume it with musk and orange oil. This soap is cast in a cylindrical form.
11. Egg soap. The egg yolk is boiled until the water has evaporated so much that no oil oozes out of the yellow mass when squeezed with your fingers. The latter is squeezed out, filtered and turned into soap with the help of potassium. Then mix the yolk with a sixteenth part of this soap, add 1 starch and fragrant oil per 30 yolks and, when it all thickens properly, put it in molds.
12. Glycerin soap. 13 lard and 12 coconut oil are melted in a cauldron and filtered through a thin cloth; a mixture of 12 lye at 39.5° B. and 8 alcohol at 95° is poured into the strained fats. The mass is stirred, then 3 glycerin is poured in and finally the so-called honeycomb is added, consisting of 8 sugar and 5 hot water. When a sample taken on a knife shows that the soap is ready, pour it into molds. Color and scent can be added as desired.
13. Soap cologne. 50 kg basic soap, 60 g lavender oil, 35 g rosemary and 30 g bergamot oil, 70 g lemon oil. For coloring, take 1 g of chlorophyll dissolved in the listed oils.
14. Benzoin soap. 50 kg basic soap, 40 g Peruvian balsam, 1 g
physyl root, 15 and helioironine, 5 and benzoin aqueous. For painting, use brown diamond (aniline) paint.
15. Soap for children. 10 kg basic soap, 200 g white petroleum jelly, 200 g rice flour, 30 g geranium oil, 20 g terpineol. White color.
16. Coloring toilet aches. Soap can be dyed in two different ways: a) Aqueous solutions of basic and acidic dyes are poured into the hot soap mass, with constant stirring. Fat-soluble dyes that are mixed with oil are also suitable for this coloring method. All dyes should not be exposed to alum.
b) Dry soap cut into small pieces (chips) and processed on a kneading machine together with basic and acidic dyes dissolved in water or ground with oil. This method allows the use of insoluble resinous colored varnishes. This is how marble soaps are made.
The dyes used to tint toilet soaps can be very different. The main conditions that they must satisfy are: to be strong enough, mix well with soap and not have a harmful effect on the skin. Such paints can be divided into two groups: soluble and insoluble. The former deserve preference over the latter simply because they do not leave behind an insoluble powdery residue; In addition, soluble paints are distributed in soap more easily and evenly than insoluble paints.
Red color. For transparent soaps: alkanine, magenta, eosin. For opaque ones - cinnabar, red lead.
Yellow. For clear soaps: turmeric extract and picric acid. For opaque ones - chrome yellow paint.
Orange color is made up of a mixture of red and yellow dyes.
Green color. For transparent soap: green aniline or a mixture of indico-carmine and picric acid. For opaque ones - chrome green paint.
The violet color is composed of methyl violet or a mixture of red dye and indigo carmine.
Brown color - from light or dark brown aniline dye or burnt
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Insoluble paints are used in the form of a fine powder, which is sprinkled on the chips entering the planer drawer. Then a new layer of shavings is applied to the sprinkled shavings, which are again sprinkled with paint, etc. When all the soap is prepared in this way, the shavings are stirred and passed through a kneading machine to obtain a uniformly colored mass.
17. Perfuming toilet soaps. Along with a first-class, completely neutral soap base (core soap), perfumery plays a particularly important role in the manufacture of toilet soaps. The fact is that the fragrance should not only be pleasant, but should also retain its smell for a long time and even, if possible, improve when the soap lies and dries.
When starting to perfume, you need to strictly distinguish which types of soap you want to perfume, and accordingly select the necessary odorous substances. Toilet soaps are divided, as we have seen, into those that are made 1) hot
method, 2) cold method, 3) by hand, 4) by chugging.
Therefore, when perfuming, the first question is at what temperature the soap should be perfumed. Then, secondly, what is the effect of alkalis on the odorous substances used. And finally, thirdly, are these odorous substances well preserved in alkalis? The entire art of skillful perfumery of toilet soaps is based on these three main questions.
Toilet soaps made by hot method or by melting are, for the most part, cheap varieties. You can’t spend a lot on perfumeing them so that these soaps don’t cost too much. Therefore, to perfume such types of soaps, you can choose only cheap odorous substances, but which nevertheless have a possibly stronger odor, since it is with these types of soaps that it is often necessary to kill some unwanted extraneous odor. For this purpose, they mainly use mirban oil, safrole, citronella oil, and artificial bitter almond oil.
For the second category of cold process toilet soaps - that is, for good varieties coconut soaps, you can use odorous substances more High Quality, and the choice among them seems to be more diverse. Although coconut soaps, which also include almond soaps, have recently been pushed into the background by planed soaps, good and pure coconut soaps are bought very willingly, especially in areas where the water is very chalky, and therefore planed soaps do not lather well. Coconut soaps can be perfectly perfumed thanks to the numerous natural and artificial fragrances available. You can also significantly improve the quality of these soaps by adding lanolin to them. Even soaps with the addition of Japanese wax are very popular, since they look exactly like planed soaps. They should just not be left in the mold for a long time, otherwise they become too hard and very difficult to press.
Of the odorous substances, we can highly recommend aniseed aldehyde, which has a very delicate smell, bornyl acetate, which is remarkably good in coconut soaps; citronella oil, which is especially good for honey soaps. Then, a good effect can be achieved with coumarin, eugenol and geranyl acetate. You can also recommend nerolin, and especially terpeneol. Cinnamaldehyte is also used with brilliant success. The smell of violet can be achieved with ionone II, with the addition of terpenol, and brilliant results are obtained from the use of artificial nerol oil.
18. Marbling of toilet soaps. It is produced with the aim of giving them the appearance of spotted or veiny marble. To do this, pour liquid soap into a mold to a known height, sprinkle or pour the surface with insoluble resinous varnishes, then pour a new layer of soap, perform the same operation, etc., until the mold is filled. A wooden spatula is dipped into the soap mass and stirred, moving it parallel to the walls of the mold. If they want to get wavy marbling, then move the spatula along curves or spiral lines. Various paints are used for variegated marbling.
b) To prepare liquid soap, dissolve the same amount of unrefined caustic potassium in 2 kg of water, bring the solution to 25 ° C and thoroughly mix with 8 kg of unsalted lard, previously melted and cooled to 50 ° C. Then proceed as indicated above.

When deciding in which area to open your own manufacturing business, it is important to choose a direction where the product produced, regardless of the season, is in high demand. And soap is one of the few products that can be included on this list without any doubt. If you competently buy soap production equipment and set up distribution channels, you can very soon recoup all capital costs. This market segment is characterized by great competition, since in Russia both large industrial enterprises producing soap and mini workshops operating in local markets operate successfully. But this fact should hardly stop an entrepreneur, since with a competent approach it is quite possible to “win” your niche.

Our business assessment:

Starting investments – from 5000 rubles.

Market saturation is high.

The difficulty of starting a business is 5/10.

This direction is especially attractive because an entrepreneur can launch a full-fledged factory with all the appropriate equipment, and a mini soap production at home. And you can make a choice in favor of one or another path for developing your planned business, based on your own skills and available finances. But in any case, the “soap” business, provided that all produced products are sold, can generate a consistently high income.

So how to start a soap production in Russia from scratch? What should be described in the business plan?

What assortment to offer customers?

The technological process for producing soap will practically not depend on the type of product being manufactured - the difference is greater in the raw materials used. And before purchasing all the necessary components and equipping the workshop with machines, you need to carefully consider the assortment that you plan to offer to customers.

What types of solid soap can be distinguished?

• laundry soap,
• toilet soap,
• antibacterial soap,
• baby soap,
• perfume soap.

And in terms of the purpose of soap, products can be very different:

• shampoo soap,
• shaving soap,
• scrub soap,
• garden soap.

The business plan for soap production must necessarily include the list of products that are planned to be offered to customers in the future. Most cheap option– production of laundry soap. In this case, there is no need to carefully work out the recipe and select raw materials. But industrial production of soap will only then begin to bring high profits, when the consumer will see on the shelves not only laundry soap, but also other types.

The production of toilet soap is complicated only in the sense that it will require a thorough study of its composition. Operating enterprises, of course, will not disclose their recipes. Therefore, you will have to resort to the help of a qualified technologist who will develop specifications and create an “ideal” product.

If you offer potential audience With at least 10-20 types (in composition and purpose) of soap, the production of toilet soap is more likely to not only stay afloat, but also to develop.

Raw materials and technology for producing soap

And if production baby soap V industrial scale The technology is practically no different from the production of the same products, but at home, but the composition of the raw materials is strikingly different. In industrial conditions there is no time for creativity, and therefore, as a rule, inexpensive raw materials are used here, which reduce the cost of the final product.

What raw materials are processed in the workshop to produce soap?

• beef or pork fat,
• palm or coconut oil,
• naphthenic and fatty acids,
• rosin,
• fragrances,
• fruit acids,
• stabilizers,
• preservatives,
• dyes.

The final recipe will depend on what type of soap is planned to be produced.

But why not start producing natural soap on an industrial scale using better ingredients? But the whole point is that this is completely unprofitable, since it will almost double the cost of production, which, naturally, will also affect the price of the product. And the mass consumer, for the most part, is inclined to buy inexpensive soap. It is better to initially release products with the addition of natural ingredients (higher quality and more expensive) only as a kind of “addition” to the main line of budget products. Well, then, when the enterprise reaches the break-even point, you can think about “repurposing” the existing mini-workshop.

The soap production technology at the enterprise looks like this:

• Saponification of fats with alkali to obtain a viscous liquid (“soap glue”).
• Salting of “soap glue” (its treatment with electrolytes), as a result of which the mixture is divided into a liquid fraction and a solid residue - a soap core. At this stage, the production of laundry soap is almost complete. The product, after adding various additives to the mixture, molding and packaging, can be sold.
• Grinding the dried soap core with the addition of fragrances and dyes.
• Pressing the mass.
• Soap packaging.

The process is relatively simple. In addition, on industrial enterprises performs all operations automatic line for soap production, which minimizes the use manual labor. It turns out that to produce a quality product, it is important to pay special attention to the choice of equipment.

Technical equipment of a soap production enterprise

Due to the popularity of this direction, the market today offers big choice specialized equipment for soap production. The line set usually includes the following machines and devices:

• melting tank,
• digester,
• mixer with stirrer,
• two-stage screw press,
• stamping forms,
• automatic machine for cutting and labeling products.

The entrepreneur has to make a difficult decision - either buy low-productivity, but at the same time cheap, equipment, or equip the workshop with a powerful, fully automated line. And the price of soap making equipment will have a direct impact on the choice, since equipment can be quite expensive. For example, the price of a line with a capacity of up to 300 kg/h costs at least 2,500,000 rubles. But it is unlikely that a novice entrepreneur needs to spend that kind of money on organizing a business. Here it will be enough to equip the workshop with machines with a capacity of up to 60 kg/h. The cost of these is, on average, 550,000-800,000 rubles.

Example of a soap production line

01. Steel platform 02. Mixer 03. Mill 04. Mill 05. Belt conveyor 06. Molding machine 07. Conveyor 08. Soap stamping machine 09. Return machine 10. Refrigeration unit.

What prospects does a home business promise?

And if you wait for the payback of a full-fledged workshop, even according to optimistic calculations, it will take at least 1.5 years, then the production and sale of soap self made as a business in this regard, it is more promising. Not only will its organization not require large investments, but also the cost of finished products is almost half the selling price.

The demand for handmade soap is consistently high. And this is explained by the use of natural ingredients in its production process. And given that today there is an increasing tendency on the part of consumers to buy everything “original and of high quality,” it becomes clear why the craftsmen do not keep the goods prepared for sale.

In terms of technology, the production of handmade soap is even somewhat simpler - there is no stage of saponification of fats. In their work, craftsmen use special soap bases of different compositions, which only need to be melted and poured into molds. In addition to the main ingredient, various additives are used:

• essential oils,
• dried herbs,
• scrubbing particles,
• loofah,
• natural pigments,
• glycerol,
• vitamins.

And this business is not only interesting, but also low-cost, since the work requires a minimum set of equipment:

• plate,
• containers,
• forms.

In order to offer customers a wide variety of products, it is important to buy soap molds of different configurations. They can be made from many materials, but experienced soap makers advise purchasing silicone ones. Special silicone for making soap molds is completely safe for human health, easy to use and durable.

Silicone molds for making soap

Handmade soap production at home is a real space for imagination for creative people. Here it is quite possible to develop hundreds of recipes based on a variety of components. Having occupied this niche, you can organize a business both for producing entire batches of products and for fulfilling private orders. Over time, when things get going, you can think about opening your own retail outlet or online store.

Sales strategy for finished products

Russian-made soap in the widest range presented on store shelves. But a high level of competition is not a reason to give up, because outlets We are always interested in expanding the range of products presented to consumers.

The best option is to establish wholesale distribution finished products. Thus, without lying in warehouses, all manufactured products will be sold immediately.

Who can you offer soap produced within the factory?

• retail chains,
• private hardware stores,
• trading warehouses,
• children's stores,
• pharmacies.

It is easier to sell homemade soap because it is retail finished products. You can offer original products through the Internet and newspaper advertisements. Having developed a client base and studied the technology in detail, you can enter another sales market - handmade stores and natural cosmetics stores, because small retail outlets often take soap from masters for sale. But for this, most likely, you will need to develop your own logo and attractive packaging. In addition, such cooperation will require official registration of the business, which involves certain costs for tax deductions and product certification.

How much profit can a business generate?

The real profitability of the enterprise will depend, first of all, on sales volumes and the type of products produced. And to calculate the payback period, you should calculate the starting capital.

As for capital costs, at least 1,600,000 rubles will be required to fully equip the workshop, register the enterprise, provide a raw material base for the first month and prepare for work. Making handmade soap at home will cost much less - here the entrepreneur will need no more than 5,000 rubles to create the first batch of goods.

The average cost of a piece of ordinary toilet soap is approximately 5-12 rubles. And here it is Wholesale price on the market there will be at least 10 rubles. Original handmade soap costs much more – at least 80 rubles. per 100 g. And this is even with a low cost of the product - 20-30 rubles.

It is difficult to underestimate the importance of a product such as soap, because human hygiene largely depends on it. So why not make your own? In principle, you can easily draw up a business plan yourself, but choosing equipment for soap production is a completely different matter.

Here it is important not to make a mistake and choose high-quality equipment that will allow you to produce a good product for everyday use.

What is needed to organize production?

The first step is to take care of renting or buying production premises. An area of ​​50-60 square meters will be enough. In addition, several warehouses will be required where finished products will be sent from the workshop. It should be dry and clean there.

The next step is purchasing equipment, which we will discuss separately. Again, you need to legalize your business using the LLC or Individual Entrepreneur form. In the next step, you need to buy all the ingredients for making soap. A lot depends on what kind of product you are going to produce: expensive or cheap.

Depending on the choice, raw materials of appropriate quality, as well as packaging materials, will be purchased. Now let's take a closer look at what our production line should be. It will be standard, regardless of the type of product and production volume.

Selecting equipment for soap production

As an example, let's look at a technique that would allow us to make laundry soap. Let this be a workshop with a productivity of 100 kilograms per hour. The first step is to buy 3 digesters, as well as a melting tank in which the fat will be melted.

Since the cooking process involves periodic mixing of the mixture and various additives, a mixer will be needed. Don't forget that our soap should have an attractive appearance, so you can’t do without special forms. At the final stage, it is necessary to cut and mark the finished product, and a machine is also provided for this.

As you can see, there is nothing complicated here, but please note that it is not recommended to purchase used equipment, as this may affect the quality of your products, especially if you are making expensive, high-quality soap. Now let's move on.

Selection of raw materials for soap production

Please note that this is sufficient important point. First of all, choose pork or beef fat; you can also give preference to any other fat, but only of animal origin. As for oils, you can buy coconut, palm or something like that, the price for such a product is low. This is about cheap soap. It will cost very little money to produce it, but its cost is also low.

If we talk about an expensive product, then buy natural ingredients. Acids must be fruity and essential oils must be of high quality. In addition, it is necessary to include vitamins, flavors, etc. in the composition.

All this will significantly increase your raw material costs, but it's worth it. In principle, this will be quite enough for making soap, but now I would like to say a few words directly about the technology. Everything takes place in several stages.

Soap making technology

If you have all the ingredients available, you can start making. We have already considered such an important point as the choice of equipment for soap production, so let’s get straight to the point. There are two main stages: chemical and mechanical. The first involves cooking and the saponification process. As a result, we obtain alcohol and alkali metal salts.

With the participation of alkali, fats are purified, and then the resulting mixture is further purified, and as a result we have concentrated soap. The mechanical part involves processing such as drying, cooling, adding components, and more. To do this, you need a special soap production machine.

A high-quality product contains about 74% fatty acids, but this depends on whether the equipment for soap production was chosen correctly and its further adjustment .

Conclusion

Do not forget that the amount of water in toilet soap should not exceed 12%, and in laundry soap - 30%. In your production, you can use not only existing recipes, but also your own. In principle, to get started you will need to invest approximately 2-2.5 million rubles.

Monthly expenses for ingredients and raw materials, as well as wages personnel will be about 300,000 rubles. The profitability of such a business is close to 40%; in just a year and a half you will fully recoup all costs and reach a net profit. Now you know how to select equipment for soap production and what to pay attention to.

There should be no problems with the sale of products, because there is no target audience. This is a hygiene product, and absolutely everyone buys it. If necessary, you can create your own online store and promote it; it will cost no more than 20,000 rubles.

A small business at home, as a supplement to your main job, is always very profitable investment time and money. does not require large financial investments, takes little time and is highly valued due to the uniqueness of the manufactured product or product. These “hobby businesses” include the business of producing handmade soap, and much more.

Why is this business very good for a small home plant?

The business idea of ​​soap production is new for our country and has not yet had time to take off in the market. Beautiful, original, and most importantly, useful, soap has turned from a hygiene item into the best gift for loved ones and an opportunity to express your creative self.

Advantages and disadvantages of business

Why should you start selling handmade soap as a business?

Soap making has many advantages:

• Inexpensive equipment;
• The technology for creating soap is available to everyone;
• Your customers can be men and women of any age, social status, profession;
• Making handmade soap is pure creativity, an opportunity to experiment;
• Even if your city has several dozen soap makers, the products of each of them will be unique. This means that there will be no problems with the clientele.

Of course, working with soap has its downsides:

• You will still have to invest some resources into this matter;
• Sales of finished products are not established immediately;
• Soap production is not suitable for allergy sufferers. Working with essential oils or chemicals, if you have sensitive skin or mucous membranes, can turn from a pleasant pastime into a living hell.

Manufacturing technology

Soap manufacturing technology includes two global stages:

• Boiling soap base with additives;
• Formation of this mixture into a product ready for sale.

Soap making process

The soap base with which our process begins is sold in stores. You need it in large quantities, so negotiate with suppliers. So, you can buy raw materials for future use (if you’re lucky, at a discount), so that you don’t have to look for the base you need after each new batch of the finished product.

The soap base is poured into a pan, where it is then boiled, and the master simultaneously adds essential oils, dyes, and aromatic substances. Soap making has a lot of recipes, so every master should know at least a couple of dozen.

A more labor-intensive process is full-scale soap making. This production uses natural fats, alkali and other components. This method requires more careful preparation. You must be familiar with technology industrial production, know the principle of the saponification reaction, be able to measure the pH of the resulting product. It takes a long time for the finished product to mature. It takes about 30 days for the pH of the soap to reach neutral.

The appearance of the soap is critical to the success of business. Most often, people buy soap as a gift for loved ones during the holidays. Beautiful packaging, bright color, admixture of shades, enchanting aroma - something that will catch and attract attention. The more little things are successfully combined in the finished product, the greater the chances of selling it profitably.

Business plan

The first case allows you to safely omit three whole points of the plan:

• Registration;
• Premises;
• Repair.

You will not need to fill out anything or search for anything: you can immediately proceed to the stage of purchasing equipment.

The second situation is much more interesting. The first step is to register an individual entrepreneur (private entrepreneur), register with the tax authority and local administration, obtain permits from the sanitary-epidemiological and fire stations, and then search for a location.

Renting premises

Let's talk about the premises. The small room chosen for the future store should be located where future customers will see it. The ideal option would be a street, avenue, areas close to the metro or center, large shops. The premises will require appropriate renovation work. Think over a concept that will make it unique and attract attention to it. Glue up beautiful wallpaper, hang draperies on the walls, arrange shelves on which beautifully packaged soap sets will be placed, install a counter, a chair for the seller, purchase a cash register and a computer. If your outlet has a specific theme, for example, “soap prepared according to ancient Indian recipes,” it will be even more interesting. This way, the store will have a chance to become a tourist attraction.

Equipment

To make handmade soap at home, you need one or more stoves (gas or electric), huge saucepans (at least 15 liters), molds into which the final solution will be poured, scales, laboratory glassware, and a thermometer. The stove will cost a future businessman from 100 to 300 dollars. For pots it will cost from 60 USD. That is, and 20 forms will cost you about $200.

The forms can be very different. The simplest option is ordinary rectangular shapes. But it is much more interesting if the soap takes on the appearance of some flower, bird or geometric figure. You can use children's molds for sandboxes, baking, or special ones (they are sold in soap stores).

Consumables

A big expense item will be the purchase of materials: soap base, oils, perfume compositions, vitamins.

For example, 1 ton of base will cost about 6 thousand USD. e. A ton is too much; for starters, 100–200 kilograms will be enough. To give products a beautiful appearance, a variety of dyes are used. Making handmade soap as a business is attractive because each piece of the finished product will be different from its counterpart. To achieve this, the manufacturer needs to purchase a large assortment aromatic and vitamin supplements, herbs, honey - in general, give free rein to your imagination.

Staff

Soap production does not require a lot of staff. While the master works at home and does not plan to open a store, the only employee in this company will be himself. Unless his loved ones want to help. When the time comes to open a retail outlet, it will require salespeople (2 people in shifts), an accountant, a security guard and a cleaner. The salary for each of them will cost from 20 thousand rubles per month. Selling products via the Internet is clearly more profitable from this point of view.

Advertising

Soap making is a process that produces a very beautiful product. Advertising should start from this. Make a website with artistic photos, come up with an original presentation, create communities on social networks.

Many soap makers held pre-holiday themed promotions at the initial stages. When making a batch of New Year or Christmas themed soap, they offered it in offices and stores, took orders, and distributed business cards. Booklets, leaflets, Business Cards- generally a universal way to talk about yourself. They can be left everywhere and given to anyone.

Soap production is one of the promising ideas that allows you to set up a profitable business both on an industrial scale and in “hand-made” mode in your own apartment.

A successful business project for the production of soap products includes several main stages:

1. Purchase of equipment and inventory for the production process.
2. Purchase of high-quality raw materials and additional ingredients.
3. Establishing an effective and safe technology for producing soap, its packaging and storage.
4. Organization of product sales.

Industrial soap production

To organize a soap workshop, an entrepreneur needs to equip the premises with special equipment. At the initial stage of production, it is enough to have a plate, casting molds and several large metal containers. After the enterprise “gets on its feet” and the need arises to modernize production, you need to purchase a specialized production line. Such equipment includes a refrigerator, mixers, stamping machine, grinding, cutting and forming machines. Innovations will help reduce the share of manual labor, increase the profitability of the process and the profitability of production.
To produce industrial soap, they mainly use inexpensive available raw materials - coconut, palm oils, fatty acids made from petroleum products and artificial flavors.

Industrial soap making technology

The process of producing soap on an industrial scale can be divided into two stages:

Chemical stage of soap production. Consists of processing fatty acids aqueous solutions sodium (potassium) and alkalis. The semi-finished product (“glue soap”) obtained during a chemical reaction is purified with electrolytes, separating into “soap cream” and waste (water, glycerin).

Mechanical stage of soap production. It consists of cooling the resulting “core” soap, drying it and mixing it with various ingredients (fragrances, aromatic oils, dyes, etc.). This is followed by the processes of cutting, pressing and shaping the finished product.

To correctly calculate a business plan for soap production, you should predict all operating expenses. These include:

• rental of workshop premises and utility costs;
• cost of equipment;
• expenses for the purchase of raw materials (to promote products on the market, it is better to launch the production of several types of soap at once);
• employee wage costs (for initial stage 3-4 workers are enough);
• expenses for product promotion and packaging production (do not forget that branded packaging is the “face” of the enterprise!).

Sales of soap can be established both through retail outlets and through pharmacies and online commerce. With proper planning, sales organization and optimal pricing policy economic effect You will be able to see the activity of the enterprise within a month.

Soap "exclusive" at home

To make homemade soap, only high-quality natural vegetable and animal fats, flavors and essential oils are used. The result of the labor of a private craftsman is a hypoallergenic natural soap, having an original appearance and high cost.

To organize the production of handmade soap, you will need large stainless steel pans, a refrigerator, measuring containers, various shapes and scales. The components are mixed according to the recipe and saponified with an alkali solution. Next, hot or cold technologies are used to process the resulting semi-finished product.

Hot method (more cost-effective) consists of heating the mass with all the additives in a water bath while stirring. After 3-4 hours (without allowing the product to cool), the product is poured into molds. The frozen soap is removed, cut (if necessary) and left for 2 weeks.

Cold process soap making at home consists of pouring the prepared mass into molds and “ripening” the soap for 3-4 days. After removal from the molds, the product rests until ready for another 1-12 months (depending on the composition of the soap).

The calculation of a business plan for home production is similar to an industrial estimate, taking into account the small scale technological process. When creating a natural, high-quality product, the organization of product sales comes to the fore. Expensive soap-making “masterpieces” - wonderful gifts for various holidays and the best choice for people who prefer environmentally friendly products. When selling such soap, it is necessary to cooperate with pharmacies and cosmetic boutiques, as well as send goods via the Internet.

Video about industrial and home production soap

home » Investments » Soap making industrial equipment. Soap production as a business: what does an entrepreneur need to know? An approximate business plan for the production of soap - we calculate the profitability and payback period of the soap factory