Mari El Square Yoshkar-Ola is the capital of the Mari-El Republic. The only city starting with the letter "Y". Government departments

Area

Population dynamics

100 000 200 000 300 000 400 000 500 000 600 000 700 000 800 000 1928 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Demography

National composition

Russians predominate in the urban population of Yoshkar-Ola and Volzhsk, as well as in a number of villages in the vicinity of the capital and in the west of the republic. In rural areas the Mari population predominates; in the Gornomarisky region there are mountain Mari, who differ in language and culture from the meadow Mari. The Paranginsky district is dominated by the Tatar population. There are several Chuvash villages located in the Zvenigovsky district.

In the south of the Mari-Turek region, Udmurts live compactly.

Settlement of nationalities

Religion

According to a large-scale survey by the Sreda research service conducted in 2012, the item “I profess Orthodoxy and belong to the Russian Orthodox Church” was chosen by 48% of respondents, “I believe in God (in higher power), but I don’t profess a specific religion” - 25%. The item “I profess the traditional religion of my ancestors, I worship the gods and forces of nature” in Mari El was chosen by 6% of respondents - the sixth result in the Russian Federation, “I do not believe in God” - 6%, “I profess Islam, but I am neither a Sunni nor a Shiite” - 6%, “I profess Christianity, but do not identify myself with any of the Christian denominations” - 4%, “I profess Orthodoxy, but do not belong to the Russian Orthodox Church and am not an Old Believer” - 1%. The rest are less than 1%.

General Map

Map legend (when you hover over the marker, the real population is displayed):

Regions and settlements according to the 2010 census

Yoshkar-Ola city

• Yoshkar-Ola: population 256,719 people.
• Semenovka village: population 6982 people.
• village of Surok: population 3165 people.
• The population of other rural settlements subordinate to the city administration is 14,299 people.
  • Akshubino, Apshakbelyak, Danilovo, Ignatievo, Kelmanovo, Nikitino, Savino, Shoya-Kuznetsovo, Yakimovo
  • Total population 281,165 people.

City of Republican Subordination Volzhsk

• Volzhsk: population 58,967 people.

City of Republican Subordination Kozmodemyansk

• Kozmodemyansk: population 22,771 people.

Volzhsky district

• PGT Privolzhsky: population 4161 people.
• The population of other settlements in the district is 19,845 people.
• Berezniki, Polevaya, Pomary, Chapel, Emekovo, Old Parata, New Parata, Petyal
  • Total population (excluding the city of Volzhsk) 24,006 people.

Gornomariysky district

• The population of settlements in the district is 29,203 people. (without the city of Kozmodemyansk)
  • The right side of the Volga: Vilovatovo, Elasy, Emangashi, Emelevo, Mikryakovo, Morozkino, Nosely, Pertyukovo, Pokrovskoye, Bags, Troitsky Posad, Shelavolki, Yungo-Kusherga...
  • Left side of the Volga: Apaevo, Enikeevo, Ozerki, Three Rutki

Zvenigovsky district

• city ​​of Zvenigovo: RC, population 12,722 people.
• urban-type settlement Krasnogorsky: population 7152 people.
• n Mochalishte: population 2253 people.
• urban-type settlement Suslonger: population 3642 people.
• The population of other settlements in the district is 20,498 people.
  • Ismentsy, Kokshaysk, Kokshamary, Krasny Yar, Kuzhmara, Mari-Otary, Semyonovka, Sidelnikovo, Tair, Black Lake, Chuvash-Otary, Urzhumka, Shelanger...
  • Total population 46,267 people.

Kilemarsky district

• urban-type settlement Kilemary: RC, population 3951 people.
• The population of other settlements in the district is 10,179 people.
  • Arda, Bolshoy Abanur, Vizimyary, Kibeyevo, Red Bridge, Maisky, Nezhnur, Nezhnursky, Rutka, Udyurma, Shusher, Yuksar, Kumya, Selkhozpochinok
  • Total population 14,130 people.

Kuzhenersky district

• urban-type settlement Kuzhener: RC,

population 5869 people

• The population of other settlements in the district is 10,341 people.
  • Total population 16,210 people.

Mari-Tureksky district

• town of Mari-Turek: RC,

population 5973 people

• The population of other settlements in the district is 19,604 people.
  • Total population 25,577 people.

Medvedevsky district

• urban village Medvedevo: RC, population 16,666 people.
• urban-type settlement Krasnooktyabrsky: population 4307 people.
• village of Ruem: population 3577 people.
• The village of Kuyar.
• The population of other settlements in the district is 29,354 people.
  • Total population 53,848 people.

Morkinsky district

• Morki village: RC,

population 9686 people

• The population of other settlements in the district is 25,757 people.
  • Total population 35,443 people.

Novotoryalsky district

• urban settlement New Toryal: RC,

population 7266 people

• The population of other settlements in the district is 11,277 people.
  • Total population 18,543 people.

Orsha district

• urban settlement Orshanka: RC,

population 6834 people

• The population of other settlements in the district is 8998 people.
  • Total population 15,832 people.

Paranginsky district

• Paranga village: RC,

population 6716 people

• The population of other settlements in the district is 11,131 people.
  • Total population 17,847 people.

Sernursky district

• town Sernur: RC,

population 9031 people

• The population of other settlements in the district is 16,249 people.
  • Total population 25,280 people.

• urban settlement Sovetsky: RC,

population 10,806 people

• The population of other settlements in the district is 20,597 people.
  • Total population 31,403 people.

Yurinsky district

• urban settlement Yurino: RC,

population 4251 people

• The population of other settlements in the district is 7236 people.
  • Vetluga left bank: Kozikovo, Ogibnoe, Yurkino...
  • Vetluzhskoye right bank: Bykovka, Vasilyevskoye, Gorny Shumets, Koporulikha, Leninsky, Maryino...
  • Total population 11,487 people.

Sources

• The population is given according to the 2002 Census.

Notes

1. All-Union Population Census of 1926. M.: Publication of the Central Statistical Office of the USSR, 1928. Volume 9. Table I. Populated areas. Available urban and rural population. Retrieved February 7, 2015. Archived from the original on February 7, 2015.
2. Statistical reference book of the USSR for 1928.
3. All-Union Population Census of 1959. Retrieved October 10, 2013. Archived from the original on October 10, 2013.
4. All-Union population census of 1970. The actual population of cities, urban-type settlements, districts and regional centers of the USSR according to census data as of January 15, 1970 for republics, territories and regions. Retrieved October 14, 2013. Archived from the original on October 14, 2013.
5. All-Union Population Census 1979
6. All-Union population census of 1989. Archived from the original on August 23, 2011.
7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Resident population as of January 1 (persons) 1990-2010
8. All-Russian population census 2002. Volume. 1, table 4. Population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements - regional centers and rural settlements with a population of 3 thousand or more. Archived from the original on February 3, 2012.
9. All-Russian population census 2010. Population of cities, regions, urban and rural settlements
10. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities. Table 35. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2012. Retrieved May 31, 2014. Archived from the original on May 31, 2014.
11. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M.: federal Service state statistics Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table 33. Population of urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements). Retrieved November 16, 2013. Archived from the original on November 16, 2013.
12. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2014. Retrieved April 13, 2014. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014.
13. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015. Retrieved August 6, 2015. Archived from the original on August 6, 2015.
14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
15. 1 2 3 4
16. 1 2 3 4
17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
18. 1 2 3 4 4.22. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
19. 1 2 3 4 4.6. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
20. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2011
21. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2012
22. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2013
23. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2014
24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
25. 1 2 3 4 4.22. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
26. 1 2 3 4 4.6. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
27. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2011
28. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2012
29. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2013
30. Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2014
31. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Life expectancy at birth, years, year, indicator value per year, entire population, both sexes
32. 1 2 3 Life expectancy at birth
33. Udmurts // Encyclopedia of the Republic of Mari El / Ch. editorial board: M. Z. Vasyutin, L. A. Garanin and others; Rep. lit. ed. N. I. Saraeva; MarNIYALI them. V. M. Vasilyeva. - M.: Galeria, 2009. - P. 770-771. - 872 p. - 3505 copies. - ISBN 978-5-94950-049-1.
34. Demoscope. All-Union Population Census of 1926. National composition of the population by regions of Russia: Mari Autonomous Region
35. Demoscope. All-Union Population Census of 1939. National composition of the population by region of Russia: Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
36. Demoscope. All-Union Population Census of 1959. National composition of the population by region of Russia: Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
37. Demoscope. All-Union Population Census of 1979. National composition of the population by region of Russia: Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
38. Demoscope. All-Union population census of 1989. National composition of the population by region of Russia: Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
39. All-Russian Population Census 2002: Population by nationality and Russian language proficiency by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
40. Official website of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census. Information materials on the final results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census
41. All-Russian population census 2010. Official results with expanded lists by national composition of the population and by region: see.
42. Arena (Atlas of religions and nationalities of Russia)
43. Mari El Republic. Religion

population of Mari El deaf, population of Mari El map, population of Mari El Republic, population of Mari El capital

Population of Mari El Information About

Distinctive features. Previously, the Republic of Mari El had a different name. In Soviet times, there was first the Mari Autonomous Region, and then the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The Mari, also known as the Cheremis, belong to the Finno-Ugric tribes and have been known since the 10th century.

By the will of history, the Mari found themselves sandwiched between two fires - Christian Russia in the west and Muslim Tatars in the east. All this was reflected in the culture of the Mari people, who were divided into mountain and meadow Mari. In total there are about 600 thousand Mari, and half of them live in the Republic of Mari El, which means “country of husbands.”

The economy of the Mari El Republic is primarily a manufacturing industry. Yoshkar-Ola is the capital of the republic and the largest industrial center. There are metallurgy, chemical and woodworking industries here. Unfortunately, the economy is not so developed that local residents can boast of high salaries. But the nature in Mari El is worthy of attention, as is the green city of Mari El, located in the middle of vast forests.

Geographical location. The Republic of Mari El is one of the regions of the Volga region. There is no need to guess which federal district it belongs to. Of course, to Privolzhsky. Its neighbors are the Nizhny Novgorod region in the west, the Republic of Tatarstan in the southeast, the Kirov region in the north and the Republic of Chuvashia in the northeast.

The Republic of Mari El is a real river region: 190 rivers flow through it with a watercourse length of more than 100 km. And the largest and most famous of them is Mother Volga. True, most of the territory of Mari El is located on the left bank of the Volga. And on the right bank there is only one district - Gornomariysky. It is so named because it occupies the northern part of the Volga Upland.

Most of the territory of the republic is covered with forests. The largest protected natural areas are the Mari Chodra National Park, famous for its karst lakes, and the Bolshaya Kokshaga Nature Reserve.

Population. Now the population of the Mari El Republic is 690,349 people. What is noteworthy is that in this national autonomy the number of residents of indigenous nationality is approximately equal to the number of Russians (45% and 41.76%, respectively), while in many other similar autonomies Russians make up either the overwhelming majority of the population, or, conversely, remain in a proud minority. In third place in terms of population are Tatars - 5.51%.

It should be noted that although there was a slight decrease in numbers compared to what it was 20 years ago, last years the situation is quite stable. There is even a small natural increase in population, although it is less than 1 person per 1000 inhabitants.

As for religion, almost half of the republic’s population are convinced Christians, but about 6% of the population professes Islam.

Crime. The Republic of Mari El is in 61st place in the criminal ranking of regions. Yes, it is mostly quiet and calm here, but this does not mean that there are no crimes at all. There are also thefts and murders of businessmen. In general, everything is the same as in other regions, but still somehow calmer.

Unemployment rate. The economic situation in Mari El is quite difficult. There are practically no large industries here. Residents are forced to engage in trade in order to somehow survive. In terms of unemployment, the republic is in the bottom third of the ranking of regions. In 2012, this figure was 6.49%. The average monthly salary in Mari El is only 15.9 thousand rubles. At the same time, the highest incomes are among employees in the banking sector and in government bodies.

Property value. In Yoshkar-Ola, the average cost per square meter is 40-45 thousand rubles. One-room apartments here are offered at prices ranging from 1 million rubles and above, but the most common figure is 1.6 - 1.8 million rubles for a one-room apartment. Prices for two-room apartments start at approximately the same figures, and for “three rubles” - already from 2.4 million rubles. Most of the housing stock was built at the end of the 20th century, and many houses already require, if not major repairs, then at least cosmetic updates.

Many new buildings in Yoshkar-Ola are made in the “signature” red color. Photo by Valentina (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/zvenizaton/)

Climate. Although the republic is not located in the far north, the climate here is quite harsh. Long frosty winters and moderately warm summers are the main features of this region, located in the realm of a temperate continental climate. In winter, the average temperature is around −19°C, and the average summer temperature is +18°C.

The weather in Mari El is very unstable. In the middle of winter, thaws may begin out of the blue, giving way to new frosts, and frosts may appear in spring or autumn. In a word, for Agriculture This is not the best climate.

Cities of the Republic of Mari El

Of course, all these advantages result in environmental problems for city residents. In addition, we must take into account that southwestern winds bring here air filled with harmful emissions from industrial enterprises in the north of the Chuvash Republic. Volzhsk is also famous for its hockey team, which plays in the championship of high level, which in itself is a feat for such a small city.

Kozmodemyansk- the third largest city in the republic (21 thousand people) and the center of the Gornomari region. Founded in the 16th century by Russian settlers on the right bank of the Volga. Today Kozmodemyansk is the river gate of the republic and its only port on the Volga. In addition to the port, the city has several large enterprises, including the Potential radioelements plant, owned by the Wessen Group.

The capital of the Republic of Mari-El is the only city in Russia whose name begins with “and short”. But, unlike the letter, Yoshkar-Ola is a city with a long history. And its collection of attractions is far from limited to linguistics alone!

1. The city was officially founded in 1584 under the name Tsarevokokshaisk. In the center of the Volga-Vyatka region, it became an outpost for strengthening tsarist power and pacifying the uprisings of the rebellious local people. A settlement arose near the fortress, which gradually turned into a small provincial town. In the 19th century, Tsarevokokshaisk became one of the centers of political exile.

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Mari El Republic(meadow moth. Mari El Republic, mining specialist Mary El Republic; briefly: Mari El, meadow moth. Mari El, mining master. Mary El) is a subject of the Russian Federation, a republic (state) within it. Part of the Volga region federal district, is part of the Volga-Vyatka economic region.

In the north and east it borders, in the southeast - with, in the southwest - with, in the west - with.

The capital is the city of Yoshkar-Ola.

Official languages: Mari (mountain and meadow), Russian. The Tatar language is also widespread.

Geography

Physical map of Mari El

Map of the Republic of Mari El

Hydrology

Mari El is located in the east of the East European Plain, in the middle reaches of the Volga. Most of the republic is located on the left bank of the Volga. The Mari El river network consists of 19 basins and includes 179 rivers with a watercourse length of more than 10 km. Most rivers flow through forests and have a mixed type of feeding (50% of them come from melted snow waters).

The western part of the left bank is occupied by the marshy Mari Lowland. In the west of the republic, the Volga receives a large tributary - the Vetluga. To the east along the lowland flow the left tributaries of the Volga, originating on the southern slopes of the Vyatka ridges: Malaya Kokshaga with the tributaries Maly Kundysh and Bolshaya Oshla, Bolshaya Kokshaga with the tributary Bolshaya Kundysh, Rutka. There are many forest lakes in their valleys.

The eastern part of the territory is located within the Vyatka ridges (height up to 275 m), karst landforms are found here, the surface is dissected by river valleys and ravines. Among them are the rivers of the Vyatka basin: Nemda with its tributaries Lazh, Tolman, Shukshan, etc., Bui, Urzhumka; left tributary of the Volga Ilet with tributaries Shora, Irovka and Yushut.

On the right bank of the Volga there is only one of the 14 districts of the republic - Gornomariysky, which occupies the northern outskirts of the Volga Upland. Here the tributaries Sura, Sumka, Yunga, Malaya Yunga, and Sundyr flow into the Volga.

On the Volga within the republic there are the Cheboksary and Kuibyshev reservoirs.

Minerals

Resources: peat, clay, building stone, limestone, glass and silicate sand, mineral springs.

Climate

The climate is moderate continental with long cold winters and warm summers. The average temperature in summer is +18…+20 °C. The hottest weather is in mid-July. The air warms up to +24…+28 °C. In autumn the weather is cold and wet with a predominance of strong piercing winds and rain. Early frosts and snow are possible. November is the windiest month. Winter usually begins in November. The average winter temperature is −18… −19 °C. The coldest month is January. The Republic of Mari El is an excellent place for winter sports: ice skating. Spring is generally cool and dry.

Flora and fauna

Kulikovo Lake in the city of Volzhsk

Mari El is located in the subtaiga zone. The soils are predominantly soddy-podzolic, marsh, and gray forest. Mixed forests (pine, fir, spruce, birch, aspen, oak, linden, maple, elm) occupy over 50% of the territory (mainly in the west and in central regions). Along the river valleys there are oak and linden forests. The wolf, brown bear, fox, elk, lynx, beaver, mole, etc. have been preserved. Hog and waterfowl.

Specially protected natural areas

On the territory of Mari El there is the Mari Chodra National Park, the Bolshaya Kokshaga Nature Reserve and other specially protected natural areas.

Recreational potential

There are still corners of nature in the republic that are used by residents of the cities of the republic and neighboring regions for recreation. There are many hiking routes, horseback riding routes, and regular water trips on catamarans and kayaks along Malaya and Bolshaya Kokshaga, Yushut, Ileti, Maloye and Bolshoye Kundysh, and Nemda. Recreation centers, sanatoriums and summer camps were built on lakes (Yalchik, Tair and others) and rivers.

Extreme points

The westernmost point is located near the village of Zinovevo, Yurinsky district; extreme eastern near the village of Shurgunur, Mari-Turek district; the extreme north - near the village of Okulovo, Sernursky district; extreme southern - city.

Story

Stamp "50 years of the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic". USSR Post 1970

The Bronze Age is represented in the Mari region by the Ust-Vetluzhsky burial ground, which belongs to the Seima-Turbino phenomenon and reflects the migrations of Indo-European peoples.

Finno-Ugric tribes have inhabited the territory of the modern European part since prehistoric times. On the territory of the Mari El Republic, archaeological sources dating back to the first millennium BC have been preserved. e. Since the Mari writing - tiste was used exclusively for recording economic information, and Tatar written sources were destroyed during the capture, almost all written information about the history of the middle Volga is associated with Russian sources.

The Cheremis (the modern name is the Mari) were first reliably mentioned in the 10th century in a letter from the Khazar king Joseph to the dignitary of the Cordoba caliph Hasdai ibn Shafrut. The ancestors of the modern Mari, between the 5th and 8th centuries, interacted with the Goths, later with the Khazars and Volga Bulgaria, which was located on the territory of the modern one and was destroyed in 1236 by the Mongol troops of Batu Khan who were advancing on Rus'. The Mari, apparently, were in allied relations with the Golden Horde that formed after this. From the 13th to the 16th centuries, the Mari were part of the Golden Horde and the Kazan Khanate.

From the 9th century, the Mari came into contact with the Slavic and Slavo-Finnish population moving eastward, who founded the cities of Rostov, and in 1221. Thus, the Mari fell into the sphere of influence Kievan Rus. Gradually, after accepting Christianity, the Western Mari became glorified; those who did not want to accept Christianity fled to the east. In the Middle Ages, Russian-Tatar clashes on the Mari lands became commonplace. In 1551, the lands of the mountain Mari (the right bank of the Volga) came under the control of the Russian kingdom, and in 1552 the tsarist troops took it, and the meadow Mari began to pay tribute to the Russian kingdom. A 30-year period of Cheremis wars began, which ended with the construction of fortified cities for the permanent maintenance of military garrisons (founded in 1583, Tsarevokokshaysk in 1584 - now Yoshkar-Ola, Sanchursk) and the subsequent settlement of the region by Russians.

Forced Christianization led the Mari to flee into the forests, leaving entire villages empty. Under Peter I, the Mari began to be drafted into the army, and the Tarkhan class was abolished. Along with this it began Scientific research territory, the first written monuments of the Mari language in Cyrillic appeared. The first Mari grammar of Putsek-Grigorovich appeared in 1775. The situation of the Mari remained quite difficult, and in 1775 they massively supported Pugachev’s uprising.

In 1872, the Kazan Teachers' Seminary was opened, one of the tasks of which was to educate representatives of the Volga peoples, including the Mari. This gave a serious impetus to the development of education and culture (including national) in the region.

Before the October Revolution, the Mari (like the majority of the peoples of Russia) did not have their own statehood and were scattered among the Kazan, Vyatka, Kostroma, Nizhny Novgorod, Ufa and Perm provinces. And today, out of 670 thousand Mari, only 324.3 thousand live in the Republic of Mari El. Historically, 51.7% of Mari live outside the borders of their republic, including 4.1% outside Russia.

After the October Revolution, on November 4, 1920, the Mari Autonomous Region was formed. In 1922, the region suffered greatly from the famine that swept the Volga region. In May 1922, in the Mari Autonomous Region, according to official data, 466,486 people were listed as starving (of which 164,429 were children).

In the 1920s, two equal linguistic literary norms were established: the Meadow Mari language and the Mountain Mari language. These years, as in others national republics, were marked by the active development of national and cultural construction.

On July 15, 1929, the Mari Autonomous Region became part of the newly formed Nizhny Novgorod (from 1932 - Gorky) region. On December 5, 1936, the Gorky Territory was abolished, the Mari Autonomous Region was transformed into the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, directly included in the RSFSR.

On December 5, 1936, the Mari Autonomous Region was transformed into the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. October 22, 1990 - Mari Soviet Socialist Republic (MSSR), without leaving the RSFSR. December 9, 1992 - Republic of Mari El (the amendment to the Law came into force from the moment of publication in " Rossiyskaya newspaper" January 12, 1993). The name is based on the ethnic self-name of its indigenous population - Marie(“man, husband”) Mari"Mari, Mari, Mari" el"country, region"

In 1936, it was decided to build a pulp and paper mill on the territory of the republic, designed to ensure import substitution of manufactured goods. An all-Union construction project was announced on the territory of the Lopatinsky backwater. On August 26, 1939, by decision of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, the Lopatinsky district was created with district center in the village of Lopatino at a pulp and paper mill under construction. In 1940, the village was renamed Volzhsk and given the status of a city. In connection with the renaming, the district was also renamed Volzhsky District. The construction of machine-building enterprises gave impetus to the development of Volzhsk, which soon became a major industrial center along with Yoshkar-Ola.

During the war, over 130 thousand people were called up to the front. A little more than 56 thousand people returned home. Workers evacuated from the western regions of the USSR were accommodated and employed on the territory of the republic. Enterprises relocated from Moscow, Leningrad, Odessa and other cities came into operation in the republic. A number of research institutions in Leningrad were transferred to Yoshkar-Ola. During the post-war five-year plans, new ones arose in the republic large enterprises machine-building, instrument-making and other industries.

1972 - opening of the first university on the territory of the republic (Mari State University-MarSU).

In October 1990, the Declaration of State Sovereignty was adopted, since 1992 the modern name is the Mari Republic (Mari El).

1995 - transformation of the Mari Polytechnic Institute (MPI) into the Mari State Technical University(in 2012 it was transformed into the university complex Povolzhsky State Technological University - PSTU).

In the 2000s, in the capital of the republic, the city of Yoshkar-Ola, many cultural objects were built and reconstructed, such as the Tsarevokokshay Kremlin, the embankment, Arkhangelskaya Sloboda, Chavaina Boulevard, Victory Boulevard, etc.

Population

Ethnic map of Mari El

The population of the republic, according to Rosstat, is 682,333 people. (2018). Population density - 29.19 people/km (2018). Urban population - 66.15% (2018).

National composition

Russians predominate in the urban population of Yoshkar-Ola and, as well as a number of villages in the vicinity of Yoshkar-Ola and in the west of the republic. In rural areas, the Mari population predominates, in the Gornomarisky region - mountain Mari, who differ in language and culture from the meadow Mari. There are several Chuvash villages in the Zvenigovsky district.

Nations with a population of more than 1000 people are shown

Tatars in Mari El

Tatars live mainly in Yoshkar-Ola, and compactly in the Zvenigovsky, Mari-Tureksky, Medvedevsky, Morkinsky, Paranginsky districts. There are 36 settlements in the republic with a predominance of Tatars, 19 schools with teaching Tatar language. There is a society of Tatar culture and a Republican center of Tatar culture. A newspaper is published in the Tatar language, and a TV show is broadcast.

Crimean Tatars

On May 18, 1944, by order of Stalin, the Crimean Tatar people were deported from Crimea. Most of the deportees were settled in and surrounding areas, and small groups were sent to the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, the Urals, and . For 12 years until 1956, Crimean Tatars settled in the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic were prohibited from leaving the places of forced settlement. After the ban was lifted, most of the Crimean Tatars left the republic, mainly to, where the bulk of the people lived at that time.

Settlements with a population of more than 2 thousand people

Administrative division

The Republic of Mari El consists of 3 cities of republican subordination and 14 municipal districts.

Map of the administrative-territorial division of Mari El.

№	Russian Name	Mari Name	Flag	Coat of arms	Administrative center	Square, km²	Population, people (2017)	Density population, people/km²	Code OKATO	Code OKTMO
1e-06	Districts (municipal areas)
1	Volzhsky	meadow moth. Yulser kundem			city	913,86	↘ 22 104	24,19	88 204	88 604
2	Gornomarisky	mining Kyryk mary kymdem			city	1971,47	↘ 22 121	11,22	88 208	88 608
3	Zvenigovsky	meadow moth. Provoy kundem			city	2748,78	↘ 42 017	15,29	88 212	88 612
4	Kilemarsky	meadow moth. Kilemar kundem mining Kӹlemar kymdem			urban-type settlement Kilemary	3098,89	↘ 12 356	3,99	88 216	88 616
5	Kuzhenersky	meadow moth. Kuzheger kundem			urban-type settlement Kuzhener	852,83	↘ 13 227	15,51	88 220	88 620
6	Mari-Tureksky	meadow moth. Mari Turek kundem			town of Mari-Turek	1513,86	↘ 19 955	13,18	88 224	88 624
7	Medvedevsky	meadow moth. Medvedevo kundem			village Medvedevo	2791,18	↘ 67 078	24,03	88 228	88 628
8	Morkinsky	meadow moth. Morko kundem			town	2270,08	↘ 28 712	12,65	88 232	88 632
9	Novotoryalsky	meadow moth. U Toryal kundem			urban-type settlement New Toryal	920,09	↘ 15 134	16,45	88 236	88 636
10	Orshansky	meadow moth. Orshanke kundem			town	896,49	↘ 13 890	15,49	88 240	88 640
11	Paranginsky	meadow moth. Paranga kundem			Paranga village	791,66	↘ 14 721	18,6	88 244	88 644
12	Sernursky	meadow moth. Shernur kundem			town	1032,08	↘ 23 953	23,21	88 248	88 648
13	Soviet	meadow moth. Soviet kundem			Sovetsky village	1392,45	↘ 29 398	21,11	88 252	88 652
14	Yurinsky	meadow moth. Yurino kundem, mining Yurnӹ kymdem			urban village Yurino	2040,15	↘ 7496	3,67	88 256	88 656
14.000002	Cities of republican significance (urban districts)
15	Yoshkar-Ola	meadow moth. Yoshkar-Ola			Yoshkar-Ola city	100,39	↗ 277 676	2766	88 401	88 701
16		meadow moth. Yulser-Ola			city	39,47	↘ 54 519	1381,28	88 405	88 705
17		13,41	↘ 20 327	1515,81	88 405	88 705

Politics and power

Head of the Republic of Mari El Alexander Alexandrovich Evstifeev

On April 6, 2017, Alexander Aleksandrovich Evstifeev was appointed to the position of acting head of the Republic of Mari El. On September 10, 2017, Evstifeev won the early elections of the head of the republic.

Political structure

The basic law of the republic is the Constitution of the Republic of Mari El.

State power in the Republic of Mari El is exercised on the basis of division into legislative, executive and judicial. The legislative and judicial authorities are independent.

Legislative function carried out by the State Assembly of the Republic of Mari El, consisting of 52 deputies. Of these, 26 deputies are elected in single-mandate constituencies, the other 26 deputies are elected in republican constituencies in proportion to the number of votes cast for lists of candidates for deputies nominated by electoral associations and electoral blocs. The term of office of deputies of one convocation is five years.

Executive power carry out:

• The Head of the Republic of Mari El is the head of the republic and the highest official in the executive branch
• Government of the Republic of Mari El
• Administration of the Head of the Republic of Mari El
• other executive authorities

Judicial power carried out by: Supreme Court of the Republic of Mari El, Arbitration court of the Republic of Mari El, the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Mari El, district courts and justices of the peace, which are part of the judicial system of the Russian Federation.

Economy

According to Maristat, the gross regional product in the Republic of Mari El for 2012 amounted to 117.0893 billion rubles.

Infrastructure

There is one airport of federal significance on the territory of the republic (Yoshkar-Ola). In Mari El there is a railway station (Yoshkar-Ola) and two bus stations (Yoshkar-Ola, Volzhsk), 14 railway stations, 51 passenger bus stations, a river port in the city on the river. Volga, four local ports, facilities for unloading barges. Navigation on the Volga, Vetluga and Sura.

There are 66 tour operator and travel agency firms, 44 hotels, guest houses and hostels, 30 sanatoriums, health complexes and boarding houses with treatment, 9 tourist complexes and 18 recreation centers, as well as 82 points of production and sale of folk arts and crafts and souvenirs.

Industry

Leading industries - mechanical engineering and metalworking (metal-cutting tools, instruments, automation equipment, trade and Catering), forestry, woodworking and pulp and paper, light and food (meat and dairy). The main industrial centers are the cities of Yoshkar-Ola,.

Agriculture

The leading branch of agriculture is livestock breeding (dairy and meat and dairy cattle breeding, pig breeding, sheep breeding, poultry farming, goat breeding). They grow grains (barley, oats, rye, wheat) and forage crops, fiber flax, hops, vegetables, and potatoes.

Education

In the 1990s, in daytime state and municipal schools of the republic there was a sharp increase in the number of children studying the Meadow Mari language: from 18,944 in 1990 to 59,154 in 2000. The number of children studying the mountain Mari language has not increased significantly: from 3,155 in 1990 to 4,267 in 2000. But already in the early 2000s, the number of children studying these languages ​​decreased: in 2004, 34,686 students studied Meadow Mari, and 3,162 students studied Mountain Mari.

Since the 2010-2011 academic year, the Republic of Mari El has been participating in an experiment in teaching the course “Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics” (includes “Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture”, “Fundamentals of Islamic Culture”, “Fundamentals of Buddhist Culture”, “Fundamentals of Jewish Culture”, “Fundamentals of world religious cultures”, and “Fundamentals of secular ethics”).

Higher education

There are three higher educational institutions on the territory of the republic:

• Volga State Technological University (PSTU);
• Mari State University(MarSU);
• Interregional Open Social Institute (MOSI).

In addition, as of 2015, five branches of universities were formally represented, the parent organizations of which are located in other constituent entities of the Russian Federation, but only one had a valid license - the Volzhsky branch of Perm State Technical University.

Literature

• Encyclopedia of the Republic of Mari El / Rep. ed. N. I. Saraeva. - Yoshkar-Ola, 2009. - 872 p. - 3505 copies. - ISBN 978-5-94950-049-1.

Greetings, dear readers! Mari El is a republic consisting of Russian Federation, it is part of the Volga Federal District and is part of the Volga-Vyatka economic region.

The capital of the Republic of Mari El is the city of Yoshkar-Ola. The republic borders with the Kirov region in the north and east, in the west with Nizhny Novgorod region, in the southwest there is a border with the Chuvash Republic, in the southeast with the Republic of Tatarstan.

The Mari-El Republic is located in the middle reaches of the Volga River, in the east of the East European Plain. The main territory of the republic is located on the left bank of the Volga, on the right bank there is only part of the Gornomariysky district, one of the 14 districts of the republic, they can be seen on the map.

Districts of the Republic of Mari El on the map:

The area of ​​the Mari El Republic is about 23,375 square meters. kilometers, the population of the republic as of July 31, 2017 is about 685 thousand people.

In the capital of the republic, the city of Yoshkar-Ola and on the territory of the Mari El Republic, Moscow time is in effect, the same as in Moscow, the capital of Russia.

Mari El a little history

The Mari Autonomous Region was formed on November 4, 1920, and on December 5, 1936 it became known as the Mari Autonomous Republic. Since October 22, 1990 - the Mari Soviet Socialist Republic (MSSR) as part of the RSFSR.

The modern name of the republic: Mari Republic - Mari El since December 9, 1992, legalized and came into force on January 12, 1993 from the moment of publication of the Law of the Russian Federation.

Mari El is a multinational republic, national holidays of the Mari people are celebrated here, as well as Russian, Chuvash, Tatar holidays, and many festivals are held every year.

You can read about the sights and rich nature of Mari El

My friends vacationed in the Mari El Republic and shared some of their photographs and memories of their vacation in Mari El in the summer in the Mari open spaces, among the rich and generous nature. They also attended one of the festivals - Benderiada, which is held in the republic in a fun and interesting way every summer.

Holidays in Mari El in summer photo

The beginning of summer this year was cool and rainy, so we have to dress warmer. On the banks of the Volga:

Getting ready to go fishing with a fishing rod:

And this is a small catch:

Time to pick mushrooms:

Gifts of the forest - mushroom prey:

We gather for strawberries, an endless white birch grove:

More strawberries on the hills:

And this is the harvest:

Delicious wild strawberries:

We swim on the Volga in the summer, the warmth has finally arrived towards the end of July:

In the chamomile field:

How good the evenings are in Russia...

On a hacienda visiting friends:

Carefree childhood - laughing girlfriends:

Republic of Mari El photo

The harvest is ripening in the fields of the republic:

It’s good to ride through the vast expanses and see the ancient beauty that is carefully preserved in the republic.

Beautiful rustic windows with carved frames:

The city of Kozmodemyansk, the center of the Gornomariysky district:

Cathedral of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God in the city of Kozmodemyansk:

Holidays in Mari El

Many festivals and holidays are held in the cities of the Mari El Republic and the capital Yoshkar-Ola at different times of the year. In the summer in June the republican national holiday is celebrated Peledysh payrem - translated from Mari, the Flower Festival, during which the results of spring field work are summed up and mass festivities take place throughout the republic.

Interregional folklore and ethnographic holiday Land of ancestors held in July in the village of Arda, Kilemar region. There is a music festival in the summer Baranka in the city of Volzhsk in memory of the famous musician.

We will visit you Benderiad Festival of Satire and Humor , which has been celebrated since 1995. The center of the holiday is the city of Kozmodemyansk, people with a good sense of humor and a wonderful mood come here from everywhere. A carnival procession takes place through the streets of Kozmodemyansk. An auction of “12 chairs” is held on Market Square, where you can buy a “chair with diamonds”; a chess tournament is certainly held. There are performances by comedians, music concerts, and discos throughout the city.

One of the main participants of Benderiada:

Festival of satire and humor Benderiad in Kozmodemyansk

There is a lot of entertainment for children on the Market Square of Kozmodemyansk:

A large, elegant Children's Town for the delight of children:

Ostap Bender's performance in the festive humor:

The holiday continues on the banks of the Volga - yachts and parachutists take part in the celebration:

I suggest you watch a cool film about holidays and attractions in the Republic of Mari El:

Film My Russia or the adventures of Italian women in Mari El

A holiday in Mari El in the summer can be so interesting, exciting and educational!

Dear readers, if the article Republic of Mari El on the map of Russia Holidays in Mari El in summer photo was interesting to you and you learned something new for yourself, share with your friends, leave a comment under the article.

Be healthy and happy! I wish you interesting travels and new discoveries!

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