According to recent studies, mobility has become an integral part of our everyday lives, and is also considered by many companies as an effective business tool. To what extent can this be justified and what disadvantages may it have? this decision?

Among the drivers of growing interest in mobile technologies on the part of business, several main motives can be identified: first of all, this is the desire to reduce costs, make business processes more efficient, and therefore ultimately increase the competitiveness of their services and products.

Of course, interest in mobility is fueled by the powerful momentum that the field of mobile B2C services and products has experienced over the past ten years. Infrastructure mobile communications developing rapidly, accessible Mobile Internet not only expands the area of ​​its presence, but also radically increases the speed of its work. This is accompanied by the accelerating development of the mobile device market. Solutions are becoming more and more cross-platform and are acquiring functionality that until recently was characteristic only of office versions and analogues.

What are the specific benefits of mobile technology in business? In almost any field of activity today, the speed of decision-making based on certain data is of particular importance. Mobile devices allow you to be in touch anytime, anywhere and make decisions as quickly as possible. Mobile technologies also help companies organize efficient work of freelancers or employees in different regions. This is especially true for those areas of business that use multiple geographic regions. Mobile gadgets can almost completely replace workplace, as a result, the company will save on renting office space and organizing classic workplaces. Gartner estimates that about 90% of companies are willing to support business applications on devices owned by end users, as this will reduce hardware costs by 40%.

In addition, mobile devices make full-fledged unified communications possible: communication and interaction between employees around the world, regardless of location, including instant messages and video. Don’t discount the integrated social space, as well as the ability to access all the information necessary for work from an employee’s mobile device.

The movement known today as BYOD (Bring Your Own Device), which involves the use of personal devices for work purposes, is becoming increasingly popular. According to a study by Mail.ru Group, about 60% of office workers use mobile devices not only for personal purposes, but also to perform certain work tasks.

How did this happen? Upon learning of his impending dismissal, Mitchell turned off the cooling of the corporation's systems and data replication, and also reset the server settings. The company's work was paralyzed for 30 days. Is this the only incident? Not at all, more and more companies are convinced that building a cloud infrastructure, using a cloud platform and other services is much more reliable and economical.

Of course, the question arises about how well your data will be protected on the provider's side. Let's be realistic: no solution will provide an absolute guarantee of protection, so we will operate with probability.

The chance that a specialized provider company operating for more than 10 years in the market will make a series of mistakes that will lead to an incident similar to what happened at EnerVest is significantly lower than the chance of the same incident on the client side. Indeed, in this regard, there is a need for careful selection of a provider, but today in Russia this problem is completely solvable.

However, on the other hand, there are also limiting factors.

First of all, these are all the potential inconveniences and risks that the BYOD movement brings to the company’s IT perimeter. Problems with the quality and availability of mobile operator services have not yet been fully resolved. Finally, let's not forget about one of the main threats to IT security - the human factor.

With growing interest in mobile technologies, IT departments are faced with the challenge of ensuring secure remote work all employees in accordance with regulatory requirements and in a convenient environment. This can be achieved through virtualization of desktop terminals and applications: desktops are converted into virtual machines and are centrally located in a data center. The cost of managing each desktop computer is then significantly reduced, and the user experience is improved: they can access their desktops with the same personal settings and data from any device, anywhere in the world.

Information security and mobile communications management systems are actively developing, mobile operators are creating comprehensive service packages on an “all-inclusive” basis, and increasingly functional corporate data centers are being formed.

We must admit that mobile technologies have entered our lives and their integration into an increasing number of areas of activity is only a matter of time. Anyone who is able to master them to a greater extent, with less risk and in less time, will not only achieve an increase in short- and medium-term indicators, but will also create a significant foundation for the future. It would be a mistake to view mobile technology in the service of business as a purely tactical application; in a global sense, this is the direction of development of information services and products that will dominate in the next decade.

However, there are also positive aspects to be noted. The level of qualifications of IT specialists is growing not only locally - in general, the Russian market for IT consulting and integration services is growing.

QUESTIONS FOR EXPERTS

What are the potential benefits of the increasing popularity of mobile devices in business? How to most fully implement them in Russian conditions?

Mikhail Pribochiy comments, CEO Axoft company:

Mobility brings serious benefits to business. However, with its increasing penetration into business processes, the issue of ensuring security arises, which means that in the near future we should expect the development of a direction known as enterprise mobility management, or management of corporate mobile devices. We see that this topic is of increasing interest both among customers and among manufacturers and service providers.

What are the advantages of mobility? I would highlight seven main advantages.

1. High performance productivity. A mobile employee has constant access to information resources, corporate and external. He independently chooses his working conditions: he can work at a time when it is convenient for him, and where it is convenient for him - at home, outside the city or even by the sea. Accordingly, he has every opportunity to work more productively.

2. Speed ​​of decision making. Our 2014 partner satisfaction survey showed that the most important performance indicator is the manager's response time to a partner's request. Therefore, all company employees who go to meetings or on business trips (about 40%) have an additional mobile device in constant use. Others can use corporate laptops during trips.

3. Geographically distributed project teams. Mobile platforms make it possible to organize work project teams In different cities. This is especially important for us, since the company has a wide network of representative offices in Russia and the CIS.

4. Competition for talents. HR departments of different companies are constantly competing to find the best employees. In some cases, we do not limit ourselves to territorial criteria and are ready to accept the most talented people into our team, regardless of the region in which the person lives - in Siberia, the Urals or Crimea.

5. Saving resources under the motto BYOD. Over time, the BYOD movement will certainly gain momentum in Russia. Especially where the number of mobile business users is growing. These are regions with a high standard of living and broadband Internet. Already, almost all employees of our company’s Moscow office use their personal mobile device - primarily a smartphone - for work purposes: to search for information, access mail or communicate with partners. I can imagine that this trend will only intensify.

6. Fast social media marketing (SMM). The presence of mobile communications allows you to speed up the company’s interaction with the audience through social media. One short message reaches hundreds of thousands of subscribers in a matter of seconds and can spread at incredible speed.

7. Understand consumer needs and behavior. The model of interaction with the client is changing, since he is also becoming “mobile”. As a supplier, it is important for us to be in the same environment with the consumer and speak the same language with him.

What is your forecast for the share of office workers who will use BYOD in the near future (1-3 years)?

I would not limit myself only to office workers, since there are already enough examples when production employees use their Cell phones. For example, in order to receive information about your payslip or mark your location. Although special devices are more often used for this type of worker.

The concept of “share of office workers” seems a little general to me, if you don’t specify which applications office workers have access from their mobile devices (i.e. BYOD). If these are only email services, then about 80% of mobile employees have access to corporate email from their personal devices. The situation is similar with corporate ports, intranets, and corporate social networks. However, if we're talking about about business-critical applications, companies are less likely to provide access to them from personal devices. For example, CRM systems that contain customer information are often accessed by field staff through company-owned devices. In general no more than 30% Russian companies supported BYOD a year ago. I think that now their number has increased, but not significantly. Among those who actively use BYOD in Russia are divisions of global companies, where this practice is much more widespread.

What role do analysts assign to the use of mobile technologies by Russian businesses? How will the scenario for their use differ from Western European and American experience?

Elena Semenovskaya, IDC Research Director in Russia, answers:

Mobility is a very important trend today; it is one of those development technologies that change the activities of companies and make it possible to increase the efficiency of employees. Russian business is a little behind, but the use cases are not much different. For us, scenarios for using mobile maintenance and repair (equipment maintenance and repair) are very promising, since the country is large and there are many infrastructure facilities whose work needs to be inspected. All types of repairs and customer service are very promising areas for the development of mobility in the corporate segment, as they provide obvious results. In B2C and G2C, we are also actively developing mobile solutions, a large number of applications can be downloaded and purchased from the AppStore or Google Play. We have a slightly different order of implementation by industry, for example, in the healthcare sector this is happening at a slow pace, but in general we are moving in the same direction.

Whether a mobile device belongs to a business, an employee, or a third party, IT managers must be able to maintain it to ensure a safe and reliable user experience. We've put together a few best articles from SearchMobileComputing.Com and included them in this how-to guide to introduce you to the key features of mobile device management.

Introduction to Enterprise Mobile Infrastructure Management

If you look at the use of mobile technologies across the enterprise with fresh eyes, you will ultimately encounter a tension between the enterprise IT vision and the practical requirements of mobility. This can be called a “narrow approach” of IT or insufficient coverage of the issue. Whatever you call it, effective management mobile infrastructure is a critical requirement for turning mobile devices into enterprise computing resources.

Regardless of mobile app Whether it operates only on office premises or “in the field”, it most likely requires certain forms of computing resources. And whether the resources belong to the enterprise, users (employees) or third parties, IT must be able to establish a presence on each device and manage certain aspects of it to ensure a safe and reliable user experience.

Since the goal of introducing mobile systems in enterprises is to increase productivity, work efficiency, and improve work results, this goal should be achieved with the help of appropriate mobile infrastructure management tools. At the same time, users who spend time “playing” with technology are, of course, less productive. The same applies to users who cannot receive technical support.

Since it makes sense to say that we can abstract from the device and provide the application to everyone on the planet, the mechanisms for accessing the application make themselves felt, and we must ask in each specific case:

• What device is accessing the application?
• Who provides the software?
• Who provides the device? How much does it cost?
• How to ensure safety? Is the security level optimal for access to the application?
• What connection is used?
• How can we keep the application running?
• How can we provide connectivity to users outside the local network?
• Who is responsible for the user interface and user experience?
• Who does the testing?
• Who provides support in case of failures?

All these are issues of IT infrastructure management, and these are problems that the IT industry must solve. Some solutions will come from within IT, others from user groups, communities and others internal organizations. And finally, the third group of solutions will come from hardware and software suppliers and from the mobile operator community.

This is the first article in a series on managing enterprise mobile infrastructure. The purpose of the series is to identify key features enterprise management in the light of managing mobile infrastructure and mobile devices. Various organizations claim to have solutions to some or all of the above issues, and we'll look at the differences between their approaches below. There is currently no such thing as “all purchases in one store visit” for enterprise IT management, which includes mobile infrastructure and mobile device management.

Mobile devices and enterprise management issues

It is enough for managers responsible for mobile infrastructure to hear the words “ corporate governance”, and you will get a whole range of answers. Some IT managers will roll their eyes and say that to deploy mobile infrastructure, they must implement their own asset and device management solutions. Others will tell you that they rely on BlackBerry Enterprise Server , and they will talk about him. The third group will talk about how they can't find anything close to Active Directory , not to mention Unicenter , Tivoli , OpenView , Patrol (select any from the list), etc.

Regardless of what anyone may think, the fact is that enterprise management platforms provide a number of services that are essential to the successful deployment of mobile infrastructure. Until now, mobile solutions have not been covered by these platforms, and as a result, IT departments have had to make do with other technologies. As the mobile infrastructure continues to grow, it is gradually becoming an aspect of virtually all client technologies and communications, and IT departments perform direct integration of enterprise and mobile management platforms.

Asset Management

Any mobile device is considered an enterprise asset and is managed like other assets. Just like office computers, servers, routers, storage devices, printers, etc., mobile devices must be tracked, inventoried, and managed. This “asset management” allows an organization's IT department to know what a device is, what software is installed on it, what connection is being used, and how to replace the device if it breaks. Asset management is generally not concerned with granting access rights and other user/group functions.

Security Management

Like asset management, security management is based primarily on the ability of an organization's IT services to inventory computer resources and know what software, certificates, and other resources are installed on a mobile device. Key components of such an inventory are antivirus software updates, firewall status, and (when applicable) intrusion detection tools.

In accordance with security policies, the security management platform will check and update the software loaded on the mobile device, as well as the device configuration, before allowing access to the corporate network. Most traditional enterprise management platforms offer this level of security management for office computers, but not for handhelds, PDAs or smartphones.

Network and connection management

Because computer networks include mobile and wireless components, enterprise management platforms must be able to handle all devices connected to the network. This means that an organization's IT departments can manage a Wi-Fi network in the same way they manage an Ethernet network, an office network, or even large-scale infrastructure and services.

Mobile connections are a different story; enterprise management platforms are less focused on managing the connections of mobile devices and mobile users. Enterprise development prospects raise another question: how to manage the connection of a device that is “not visible”. If the device is not connected to the enterprise network, then how to troubleshoot the connection (which is not there) - this is reminiscent of the question of what came first: the egg or the chicken.

Technical support tickets and remote management

Strangely, technical support tickets are an area where mobile integration is legitimately well developed, although not in the direction you might think. As IT departments use internal mobile infrastructure, they have seen the need to expand support ticket management platforms (e.g. BMC/Remedy ) to mobile devices. This enabled IT managers to use mobile devices to manage technical support requests, as well as to remotely configure servers, routers and other equipment.

However, the ideal scenario for enterprise management platforms is to provide integration between mobile devices and support ticket management platforms so that workers can initiate tickets and receive problem resolution assistance remotely via mobile devices.

What to do?

Here are a few ways enterprise management platforms can provide services that benefit all mobility decision makers. Many IT managers build these internal capabilities, but here are a few things to do along the way:

• Ask about opportunities. Talk to everyone possible suppliers and tell everyone what you need. Tell the experts what you have, e.g. OpenView within the organization and that you would like to integrate the two systems. Tell us exactly what this means to you. It's also helpful to write this down and make sure that the request travels from the sales manager to the product manager, who is responsible for including the requested features in the updated version. And remember: it never hurts to ask;
• Design parallel processes. Think about the last time you went through a merger or acquisition. And then think about how long it took to merge the two organizations. As you develop a mobile infrastructure management solution, consider developing identical, parallel processes wherever practical. This path will allow you to manage your business's mobile infrastructure in exactly the same way that you manage your desktop infrastructure using a large enterprise management platform, and it will reduce (though not eliminate) the complexity of integration;
• Plan for technology integration. Today, mobile is seen as separate from the rest of the infrastructure, but the day will come when a systems architect or IT leader will look at mobile and ask why this part of the infrastructure is completely separate from the rest of the infrastructure in everything from management to applications. When this happens, some will say that mobility is just another characteristic. corporate solution, and not vice versa. Get ready for this day.

Let's focus on our goals. We know what corporate governance brings. We know we need many of its features. And we also know that we need to build a lot of things using tools that are different from existing corporate governance platforms. We can look at the business landscape today, but we must also begin to prepare for the time when we can expand our enterprise management platform to include mobile services.

Best examples of enterprise mobile management

Employees require an increasing number of mobile services provided by the enterprise IT service. There are two fundamentally different ways to obtain these services. The first approach is to select a single mobile platform and associated software for management, messaging and application deployment. The second method is based on using many types of devices from different providers and accessing services through several different application platforms. The strategy of choosing a single supplier pays off because it is safe and cost effective. However, this approach has its limitations, one of the main limitations is the inability to provide services to mobile phones, handhelds and any other devices that are not considered “smartphones”.

IT managers using single-vendor smartphone-style solutions have already answered questions about mobile device management, policies and data management. Mid-tier mobile software provides controls. The device comes from the supplier and all data is transferred through a secure connection with the supplier.

Companies that expect support for multiple device types from multiple vendors face a wide range of challenges in managing their enterprise mobile infrastructure. In this model, devices are provided mobile operators, users and IT managers. We're already receiving inquiries from corporate VPs and senior managers about how they want to use their Apple iPhone at work, and we've got a taste of what's to come.

• (Mobile) workers. We talk a lot about “mobile workers,” but in reality, in one way or another, every worker is mobile, so the term is redundant. It's time to get rid of the word "mobile" from our vocabulary and start saying simply "worker" or "user".

  When discussing the types of workers involved in a mobile solution, it is also useful to talk about the number of contacts users have. For example, technical support engineers spend most of their workday interacting with users. The number of clients and the time spent on each saves the investment. After all, if a senior manager recognizes mobile email, then it's quite easy to use a solution like this for workers who spend quality time with ten different clients every day.

• Services are the goal. The goal of managing corporate mobile resources is to create the infrastructure necessary for the organization’s IT services to provide mobile services to employees. What are these services? And why are they so important?

  The fact that services are always available prevents you from putting off important things. Some mobile solutions do not require a permanent connection, and this greatly simplifies the situation for IT management. If you can go far with Wi-Fi, an infrared connection, Bluetooth, or even if you're only using dock sync, there aren't many things that need to be constantly managed.

• Technical re-equipment plan. The time will soon come when there will be no such thing as a separate mobile infrastructure, but instead the majority of enterprise computing resources will become mobile. Data centers aren't going away, and most offices will remain, but the idea of ​​maintaining a mobile infrastructure separate from common system enterprise management and outside the overall architecture has an extremely limited lifespan. IT managers must prepare for the day when they will have to integrate mobile infrastructure into an overall enterprise management platform.
• Be a leader. In many organizations, it is a rule that IT managers rely on suppliers to resolve issues of managing mobile infrastructure, choosing management policies and organizing work. This big mistake, because the suppliers' priorities are different from yours. Plus, it's your job to determine exactly what you want and how your company wants to organize the mobile experience.

  For example, let's say your company already has policies in place to manage laptops. When you add mobile devices into the mix, you have three options: (a) manage mobile devices the same way you manage laptops; (b) implement a new set of processes that take into account existing management experience in the enterprise; (c) do nothing. This is an important choice, and every IT manager in your company must understand the policy chosen and the decision made, as well as the rationale for that decision.

• Ask, ask, ask. Managers at mobile solution providers did an excellent job of generating requests for new capabilities to be added to their platforms, but they had to do so because few requests were submitted by enterprise managers, device manufacturers, and mobile operators. Now is the time to start asking.

  The form in which you ask is just as important as the question itself, and there are two areas to look at: moving beyond the mobile vendor world and seeking a solution within the vendor landscape. The first direction involves the enterprise management team participating in discussions held by the mobile solutions team (if they are two different teams), and the enterprise managers will begin asking their suppliers about mobile solutions. This will also facilitate joint meetings with mobile solution providers and discussion of integration issues at these meetings various systems and future plans of suppliers.

  The second direction is to ask questions in a way that will help you become more deeply involved in the supplier community. Most IT managers know their subject area well, but when the time comes and you need to understand the internal organizational structure supplier, few understand the difference between the responsibilities of a sales manager, development manager, marketing manager and product manager. Just because someone works for a vendor doesn't mean they are capable of answering your questions and guiding your next steps. The goal is for product managers to pay attention to new opportunities (for example, incorporating the ability to configure mobile devices over a wireless connection into an existing platform) and for product managers to reach out to the development management team, who in turn move things forward. dead center in relations with mobile operators.

  And remember, you won't get anything unless you ask.

• Clear intentions. Another group of questions for platform providers, mobile operators and even equipment manufacturers relates to their development plans. Ask each party about how they plan to operate moving forward. Ask where their boundaries are. Ask what they will do in the worst case scenario.

  The important thing about clear intentions is that no one asks about it. So the suppliers have never heard of this, and they don't think it's a potential problem. However, IT managers concerned with managing the mobile infrastructure can improve the quality of service if they know exactly who is doing what in the areas of mobile devices, software and value-added services.

• Standard agreements. The goal of the IT department of any organization should be to develop standard agreements that define the distribution of roles and responsibilities for managing mobile devices between the enterprise and the mobile operator. The best way The way to address this issue is for different mobile organizations to come together and define a standard contract that will be used by each organization and mobile operators. That hasn't happened with service agreements, and it looks like mobile infrastructure management will continue to evolve in silos as well. As mobile infrastructure managers must prioritize the task of creating standard agreements over other corporate governance tasks, it's time to finally support Apple iPhone users in remote offices.

Conclusion

How enterprise governance of mobile infrastructure evolves depends on our collective choices. We know that we will have to manage the mobile infrastructure in certain ways. We also know what services we want to provide to users. In the meantime, we know that investing in over-the-air (OTA) device management technologies potentially leads to conflicts between management approaches. We are locked into a risky process of constant updates in an endless battle for control of mobile devices. The question is whether we, as IT managers responsible for mobile infrastructure, will work together to arrive at the “divide and conquer” strategy that we know vendors will use when defining mobile management principles. Will we use standardized capabilities and interfaces, or will we endlessly spend money negotiating and concluding mobile device service contracts with every operator that provides such services. The choice is ours.

About the Author: Daniel Taylor is Managing Director of Mobile Enterprise Alliance, Inc. (MEA) (Mobile Industry Alliance), he is responsible for the alliance's international development, programs, marketing and relations with alliance members. He has over 14 years of experience in high-tech fields and is well known as an expert in various aspects of mobile technologies, including wireless networking, security, industrial applications and communications services. Prior to joining MEA, Daniel held a number of product marketing and development positions in the communications industry.

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Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Federal state budget educational institution higher vocational education Perm National Research Polytechnic University

Faculty of PMM Department of VMM

Specialty (direction) IST

Mobile technologies

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Perm 2015

Introduction

internet smartphone mobile communication

Mobile technologies provide almost any needs of a modern mobile device user: from reading news on various topics, watching videos, live broadcasts and exclusive broadcasts, market information to social communication, sharing user photos and videos, creating your own content.

Relevance of the topic

Thanks to technological progress, a mass appears almost every day the latest developments in the field of mobile technologies. Sometimes it happens so quickly that it can be difficult to keep up with all the new technology. Mobile innovations are spreading at an incredibly fast pace and in order to keep up with them, you need to track their emergence and master them in a timely manner. Since more and more opportunities appear every time, and what previously took a lot of time is now done in a matter of minutes, and this is so important in the rhythm of the modern world

Problematic issues:

· What to expect from new mobile products in the future?

· How safe and functional will they be?

· Why are new products in the field of mobile information technologies Are they in high demand?

1. Main directions in the field of mobile technologies

Today, mobile information technologies include:

· GSM and UMTS are communication standards,

· WAP is a protocol through which you can access the Internet from a mobile phone,

· GPRS and EDGE - data transmission technologies,

· Wi-Fi - mobile wireless Internet,

· GPS - satellite navigation system,

· WiMAX is a mobile telecommunications technology that works on the Wi-Fi principle and allows you to access the Internet

· A new generation of communications is also coming forward - the 4G network.

GSM (from the name of the group Groupe Special Mobile, later renamed Global System for Mobile Communications) (Russian SPS-900) - a global digital mobile standard cellular communications, with time division (TDMA) and frequency division (FDMA). Developed under the auspices of the European Telecommunication Standardization Institute (ETSI) in the late 1980s.

GSM refers to second generation networks (2 Generation) (1G -- analog cellular communications, 2G -- digital cellular communications, 3G -- broadband digital cellular communications, switched by multi-purpose computer networks, including the Internet).

Mobile phones are produced with support for 4 frequencies: 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz.

Depending on the number of bands, phones are divided into classes and frequency variations depending on the region of use.

* Single-band - the phone can operate in one frequency band. Currently not produced, but it is possible to manually select a specific frequency range in some phone models, for example Motorola C115, or using the phone's engineering menu.

* Dual Band - for Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia 900/1800 and 850/1900 for America and Canada.

* Tri-band - for Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia 900/1800/1900 and 850/1800/1900 for America and Canada.

* Quad Band - supports all bands 850/900/1800/1900.

The GSM standard uses GMSK modulation with a normalized bandwidth VT - 0.3, where B is the filter bandwidth at a level of minus 3 dB, T is the duration of one bit of a digital message.

GSM is by far the most common communication standard. According to the GSM Association (GSMA), this standard accounts for 82% of the global mobile communications market, 29% of the world's population uses global GSM technologies. The GSMA currently includes operators in more than 210 countries and territories.

UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) is a cellular technology developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) for the introduction of 3G in Europe. The method used to transmit data across the airspace is W-CDMA technology, standardized in accordance with the 3GPP project, the response of European scientists and manufacturers to the IMT-2000 requirement, published by the International Telecommunication Union as a set of minimum criteria for a third generation cellular network.

In order to distinguish it from competing solutions, UMTS is also often called 3GSM in order to emphasize that the technology belongs to 3G networks and its continuity in developments with GSM networks.

Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) (English: Wireless Application Protocol - wireless data transfer protocol). The protocol was created specifically for GSM networks, where it is necessary to establish communication between portable devices (mobile phones, PDAs, pagers, two-way radio devices, smartphones, and other terminals) with the Internet. WAP arose from the merger of two network technologies: wireless digital data transmission and the Internet. Using WAP, a mobile device user can download any digital data from the Internet. In parallel with WAP, in order to be able to display mobile content on monochrome (and later four- and eight-color) screens of mobile devices, WML was created in a writing style similar to HTML, but much more lightweight and specialized for mobile devices with a low level of supported technologies.

GPRS (English: General Packet Radio Service) common use") is an add-on to GSM mobile communication technology that provides packet data transfer. GPRS allows the user of a cellular network to exchange data with other devices on the GSM network and with external networks, including the Internet. GPRS involves charging based on the volume of information transmitted/received, and not based on the time spent online.

When using GPRS, information is collected in packets and transmitted through currently unused voice channels. This technology requires more efficient use GSM network resources. In this case, what exactly is the transmission priority - voice traffic or data transmission - is chosen by the telecom operator. The Federal Troika in Russia uses unconditional priority of voice traffic over data, so the transmission speed depends not only on the capabilities of the equipment, but also on the network load. The ability to use multiple channels at once provides sufficient high speeds data transmission, the theoretical maximum with all occupied TDMA timeslots is 171.2 kbit/s. Exist various classes GPRS, differing in data transfer speed and the ability to combine data transfer with a simultaneous voice call.

Data transmission is divided into “downlink” (DL) directions – from the network to the subscriber, and “uplink” (UL) – from the subscriber to the network. Mobile terminals are divided into classes according to the number of simultaneously used timeslots for transmitting and receiving data. Modern phones (June 2006) support up to 4 timeslots simultaneously for downlink reception (that is, they can receive 85 kbit/s using the CS-4 code scheme), and up to 2 for uplink transmission ( class 10 or 4+2 total 5). The newest phones (February 2009) support class 12 (or 4+4, 5 in total).

A subscriber connected to GPRS is provided with a virtual channel, which becomes real during the transmission of the package, and the rest of the time is used to transmit packages of other users. Since several subscribers can use one channel, a queue for packet transmission may occur, and, as a result, communication delay. For example, a modern version of base station controller software allows the simultaneous use of one timeslot by sixteen subscribers at different times and up to 5 (out of 8) time slots on a frequency, for a total of up to 80 subscribers using GPRS on one communication channel (the average maximum speed is 21. 4*5/80 = 1.3 kbit/s per subscriber). Another extreme case is packaging time slots into one continuous one with displacement of voice subscribers to other frequencies (if any and taking into account priority). In this case, a phone operating in GPRS mode receives all packets on the same frequency and does not waste time switching. In this case, the data transfer rate reaches the maximum possible, as described above, 4+2 timeslots (class 10) or 4+4 (class 12).

GPRS technology uses GMSK modulation. Depending on the quality of the radio signal, data sent over the air is encoded using one of the 4-code schemes (CS1--CS4). Each code scheme is characterized by coding redundancy and noise immunity, and is selected automatically depending on the quality of the radio signal. EDGE technology works according to the same scheme and using the same equipment. But inside the EDGE timeslot, a different, more dense, information packaging is used (8PSK modulation).

· EDGE (EGPRS) (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution) is a digital technology for wireless data transmission for mobile communications, which functions as an add-on over 2G and 2.5G (GPRS) networks. This technology works in TDMA and GSM networks. To support EDGE in a GSM network, certain modifications and enhancements are required. EDGE was first introduced in 2003 in North America.

· In addition to GMSK (Gaussian minimum-shift keying), EDGE uses 8PSK (8 Phase Shift Keying) modulation for five of the nine code schemes (MCS). EDGE receives a 3-bit word for each carrier phase change. This effectively (on average 3 times compared to GPRS) increases the overall speed provided by GSM. EDGE, like GPRS, uses an adaptive algorithm for changing modulation and code scheme (MCS) adjustments in accordance with the quality of the radio channel, which, accordingly, affects the speed and stability of data transmission. In addition, EDGE presents new technology, which was not present in GPRS - Incremental Redundancy - according to which, instead of re-sending damaged packets, additional redundant information is sent, which accumulates in the receiver. This increases the possibility of correctly decoding a damaged packet.

· EDGE provides data transmission speeds up to 474 kbps in packet switching mode (8 timeslots x 59.2 kbps on MCS-9 encoding scheme) thus meeting ITU requirements for 3G networks. This technology has been adopted by the ITU as part of the IMT-2000 family of 3G standards. It also enhances HSCSD circuit switched data transmission technology, increasing throughput this service.

· EDGE options:

· ECSD -- via CSD channel

· EHSCSD -- via HSCSD channel

· EGPRS -- via GPRS channel

· Despite the fact that EDGE does not require hardware changes in the NSS part of the GSM network, the base station subsystem (BSS) must be upgraded - it is necessary to install transceivers that support EDGE (8PSK modulation) and update their software. The phones themselves are also required, providing hardware and software support for the modulation and code schemes used in EDGE (the first cellular telephone, supporting EDGE (Nokia 6200 was released in 2002).

· Wi-Fi -- trademark Wi-Fi Alliance for wireless networks based on the IEEE 802.11 standard. Under the abbreviation Wi-Fi (from the English phrase Wireless Fidelity, which can be literally translated as “wireless quality” or “wireless accuracy”), a whole family of standards for transmitting digital data streams over radio channels is currently being developed.

· Any equipment that complies with the IEEE 802.11 standard can be tested by the Wi-Fi Alliance and receive the appropriate certificate and the right to apply the Wi-Fi logo.

· Typically, a Wi-Fi network diagram contains at least one access point and at least one client. It is also possible to connect two clients in point-to-point mode (Ad-hoc), when the access point is not used, and the clients are connected via network adapters “directly”. The access point transmits its network identifier (SSID (English) Russian) using special signaling packets at a speed of 0.1 Mbit/s every 100 ms. Therefore, 0.1 Mbit/s is the lowest data transfer speed for Wi-Fi. Knowing the network SSID, the client can find out whether a connection to a given access point is possible. When two access points with identical SSIDs are within range, the receiver can choose between them based on signal strength data. The Wi-Fi standard gives the client complete freedom in choosing the criteria for the connection. The operating principle is described in more detail in the official text of the standard.

· However, the standard does not describe all aspects of building wireless local Wi-Fi networks. Therefore, each equipment manufacturer solves this problem in its own way, using those approaches that it considers the best from one point of view or another. Therefore, there is a need to classify methods for constructing wireless local networks.

· According to the method of combining access points into unified system can be distinguished:

· Autonomous access points (also called autonomous, decentralized, smart)

· Access points operating under the control of a controller (also called “lightweight”, centralized)

· Controllerless, but not standalone (managed without a controller)

Based on the method of organizing and managing radio channels, wireless channels can be distinguished local networks:

· With static radio channel settings

· With dynamic (adaptive) radio channel settings

· With a “layered” or multilayer structure of radio channels

GPS (English Global Positioning System - global positioning system, read GPS) is a satellite navigation system that provides distance, time measurement and determines location in the world coordinate system WGS 84. Allows anywhere on the Earth (excluding the circumpolar regions), in almost any weather, as well as in near-Earth space, determine the location and speed of objects. The system was developed, implemented and operated by the US Department of Defense, and is currently available for use for civilian purposes - all you need is a navigator or other device (for example, a smartphone) with a GPS receiver.

GPS consists of three main segments: space, control and user. GPS satellites broadcast a signal from space, and all GPS receivers use this signal to calculate their position in space using three coordinates in real time.

The space segment consists of 32 satellites orbiting in medium Earth orbit.

As of June 1, 2014, used according to intended purpose only 29 spacecraft. At the stage of commissioning 1 spacecraft into the system, 2 spacecraft were taken out for maintenance.

The control segment consists of a main control station and several additional stations, as well as ground antennas and monitoring stations, some of which share resources with other projects.

The user segment is represented by GPS receivers operated by government agencies and hundreds of millions of devices owned by ordinary users.

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a telecommunications technology developed to provide universal wireless communications over long distances for wide range devices (from workstations and laptops to mobile phones). Based on the IEEE 802.16 standard, which is also called Wireless MAN (WiMAX should be considered a slang name, since it is not a technology, but the name of the forum where Wireless MAN was agreed upon).

The name "WiMAX" was created by the WiMAX Forum, an organization that was founded in June 2001 to promote and develop WiMAX technology. The forum describes WiMAX as "a standard-based technology that provides high-speed wireless network access as an alternative to leased lines and DSL." Maximum speed-- up to 1 Gbit/s per cell.

4G (from the English fourth generation - fourth generation) is a generation of mobile communications with increased requirements. The fourth generation includes promising technologies that allow data transmission at speeds exceeding 100 Mbit/s for mobile subscribers and 1 Gbit/s for stationary subscribers. For comparison, in 3G networks, which are currently deployed mostly in Asia, the United States and Europe, data transfer speeds range from 7 to 14 Mbit/s.

LTE Advanced (LTE-A) and WiMAX 2 (WMAN-Advanced, IEEE 802.16m) technologies were officially recognized as fourth-generation 4G (IMT-Advanced) wireless communication standards by the International Telecommunication Union at a conference in Geneva in 2012.

Mobile devices:

* Smartphones

* Tablets

* Laptops

* Smart watches and more

Smartphone (English: smartphone - smart phone) is a phone supplemented with the functionality of a personal computer.

Although mobile phones almost always had additional functions (calculator, calendar), over time more and more intelligent models were released, and the term “smartphone” was introduced to emphasize the increased functionality and computing power of such models. In the era of growing popularity of PDAs, PDAs with mobile phone functions began to be produced; such devices were called communicators. Currently, the division into smartphones and communicators is not relevant; both terms mean the same thing.

Smartphones differ from regular mobile phones in that they have a fairly developed operating system that is open for software development by third-party developers (the operating system of regular mobile phones is closed to third-party developers). Installing additional applications can significantly improve the functionality of smartphones compared to regular mobile phones.

2. Leading companies

Sailors call the flagship the ship on which there is an admiral leading the squadron. In the world of mobile technologies, the word “flagship” has approximately the same meaning: it is the name given to the most “advanced” smartphone, which uses the best developments of the manufacturer. Such models offer owners maximum opportunities and set benchmarks by which other companies are measured. About flagship smartphones famous brands start talking long before they go on sale.

Samsung Galaxy S6 edge Made from metal and tempered glass, it is the world's first smartphone with a curved screen on both sides. The curved screen provides the owner with new features, including a side light indication when receiving new calls and messages. All Samsung flagships are equipped with an eight-core Exynos processor, 3 GB of RAM, and the industry's best Super AMOLED screen.

Sony Xperia Z3 The smartphone is reliably protected from water and dust, with it you can swim in the pool, take a shower, even dive, while using an excellent camera. It is also worth noting the high performance and decent autonomy - the device can work for a couple of days without recharging.

HTC One M9 Useful tools from HTC Eye Experience - shoot with two cameras at the same time and take selfies using voice commands, and also use filters for retouching before the moment of shooting. Ultra-reliable sapphire glass protects the lens of a premium smartphone.

LG G3 Dual LTE The model is equipped with an excellent camera with laser focusing.

Apple iPhone 6 PlusThe powerful processor not only solves any problem efficiently and quickly, but also, thanks to the built-in motion coprocessor, is able to perform fitness functions - monitor the speed of movement and the distance traveled. This list is complemented by a high-tech Retina display that provides stunning images, and a camera with fast autofocus and optical stabilization. Apple iPhone 6. The fingerprint sensor built into the Home button ensures the highest level of security, and also allows you to make purchases in iTunes and the AppStore.

YotaPhone 2The peculiarity of this smartphone is that it has two screens: a traditional one on the front panel, and a black and white one, made using E-Ink technology, on the rear panel. This draws attention to the smartphone, allows you to personalize it, and makes it possible to increase battery life. The rear panel with an “electronic ink” screen is convenient for reading books.

RugGear RG970 Partner Extreme sports enthusiasts and travel lovers, as well as people working in harsh conditions, dream of such smartphones. RugGear RG970 Partner is reliably protected from dust, dirt, moisture, and can survive not only accidental impacts and jolts, but also falls from great heights. At the same time, a high level of protection is not the only advantage of this device; it has good specifications, so the device can be used not only for communication and work, but also for entertainment.

Lenovo Vibe Z2 Pro will especially appeal to those who are interested in photo and video shooting. If you have a Lenovo Vibe Z2 Pro, you can safely abandon the digital camera, because the smartphone camera takes noticeably better pictures. The photo quality is close to professional, even if you use the camera in poor lighting.

Nokia Lumia 930A capacious battery guarantees decent operating time without recharging (wireless charging is supported).

3. Leading technologies. The main new products of 2015

The largest exhibition of mobile technologies took place in Barcelona from March 1 to 5. Every year, the world's leading technology companies present their ideas. In many ways, Mobile World Congress (MWC) shows what the year will be like in terms of mobile technology. The exhibition presented not only new smartphones, but also more innovative developments.

Helmet virtual reality HTC Vive. HTC is creating it jointly with Valve, the company that creates the world's largest digital distribution service for computer games, Steam. Vive uses special sensors and lasers to record all human movements. You can walk around the room, jump, squat, tilt your body - in virtual space all your actions will be copied exactly and with virtually no delays.

Having offered the second generation of the Gear VR headset simultaneously with the Galaxy S6 series smartphones, Samsung did not indicate the timing of the appearance of this virtual reality device on the market. retail market, immediately emphasizing that the existing prototypes will for now be distributed only among developers. The second generation Gear VR not only fits more comfortably on the head, but also has a smaller size and an improved ventilation system, and a USB connector is provided to recharge the battery of a connected smartphone. Let us remind you that Gear VR works in conjunction with the Galaxy S6 and Galaxy S6 Edge.

Huawei has managed to create the most beautiful smartwatch on Android Wear. The diagonal is 1.4 inches, and the resolution is 400 by 400 pixels. The matrix is ​​AMOLED, which is known for its high contrast and energy efficiency. The dial is made of sapphire glass and is protected from scratches, the frame is metal - stainless steel. Functionally, Android Wear allows you to: view notifications, send SMS, voice search, etc.

Another interesting smart new product from MWC 2015 is the LG Watch Urbane LTE. Externally, they are an improved version of last year's G Watch R, but in fact they differ significantly from them. Urbane LTE runs on webOS, LG's own operating system (also used in that company's Smart TVs), rather than Android Wear. This solution has two sides: on the one hand, the watch loses its “native” support for Google services, but on the other hand, developers can provide the device with functions that are not available to Wear watches. For example, LTE support.

Sony occupies a certain part of the promising smartwatch market, having already shown the public the third generation of SmartWatch. Characteristics: large and high-quality screen, compact size, pedometer and built-in GPS.

Also Sony company demonstrated Smart Eyeglass smart glasses, which could become the next worthy competitor to Google Glass. Sony's smart glasses contain two miniature LED projectors that project images onto holographic stripes on both lenses. The second generation of Smart Eyeglass is already ready for testing. This version already contains a built-in camera. Also, using Sony smart glasses, it will be possible to simultaneously track information about the players while watching sports competitions.

Touch ID, Apple's fingerprint scanner, has made the process of unlocking iPhones and iPads very simple. The Chinese company ZTE has figured out how to make it even easier. Their new Grand S3 smartphone can be unlocked with your eyes. This feature is called Sky Eye. To configure it, the user needs to continuously look for eight seconds at the green strip moving up and down on the screen. At this time, the Eyeprint ID biometric sensor, built into the front camera, scans and remembers the “pattern” of the network of blood vessels in the whites of a person’s eyes.

Posted on Allbest.ru

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Information technology in the enterprise

Introduction……………………………………………………….......................... ...........................3

IDirections for using information technology in an enterprise...........6

1.1 Automation of document flow………………………..…..….……………………….8

1.2 Communications………………………………………………………………………………9

1.3 Production technology management……………………………………………………9

1.4 Automation of accounting and planning. Decision making systems………………….10

1.5 Automation of banking operations……………………………………………………10

2Technical means of implementing information technologies…..………………...…11

3 Strategy for introducing information technology into the enterprise………………..….12

IIMain classes information systems …………………………………..………14

1 Characteristics of ERP systems………………………………………………………..……….14

1.1 Financial management………………………………………………………...……….16

1.2 Production management……………………………………………………….………19

2. Characteristics of MRP: purpose, application, elements, advantages…………...23

3. Characteristics of CRM: purpose, application, advantages…... …………………..27

IIIInformation technology market in Russia……………….……………………...28

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………..………………...31

Literature……………………………………………………………………....................... ....33

Introduction

Creating a modern enterprise is a complex and lengthy process that can be divided into two interrelated stages. The first is the formation of a production and management structure that generates powerful flows of information. The second is the formation of a structure that manages these flows. This is usually called complex automation, because in order to work, you need a tool. This is equally true both in relation to large enterprises and in relation to small organizations - representatives of small businesses. The main object of an automated control system should be a management decision.

Management activities act in modern conditions as one of the most important factors in the functioning and development of an organization. Effective management is a valuable resource of an organization, along with financial, material, human and other resources. This activity is constantly being improved in accordance with the objective requirements of the production and sale of goods, the complication of economic relations, and the increasing role of the consumer in the formation of technical, economic and other parameters of products. Consequently, increasing the efficiency of management activities becomes one of the areas for improving the activities of the enterprise as a whole. The most obvious way to increase the efficiency of the labor process is its automation.

Changes in the conditions of production activity and the need to adequately adapt the management system to it affect not only the improvement of its organization, but also the redistribution of management functions according to levels of responsibility and forms of their interaction. We are talking, first of all, about a management system (principles, functions, methods, organizational structure), which is generated by organizational necessity and business laws associated with meeting individual needs, ensuring the interest of workers in the highest final results, growing incomes of the population, regulation of commodity production. monetary relations, widespread use of the latest achievements of the scientific and technological revolution. All this requires organizations to adapt to new conditions and overcome emerging contradictions in economic, scientific and technical processes.

In a market economy, information support has become an important area, which consists of collecting and processing information in order to use the results of its analysis in the process of its activities and make informed management decisions. At the same time, ensuring the efficiency and reliability of information is of particular importance.

One of the significant factors of competitiveness today is the use of modern information technologies in enterprise management; In many types of activities, it is impossible to carry out successful activities without these technologies. Therefore, their effective use has become a decisive factor in the success of enterprises in the market. The development of information computer technologies, improvement of the technical platform and the emergence of fundamentally new classes of software products have led these days to a change in approaches to automation of production management.

Relevance of the topic. Current scale and pace of implementation of control automation tools in national economy poses with particular urgency the task of conducting comprehensive research related to a comprehensive study and generalization of the problems arising in this case, both practical and theoretical.

Formation tThe theory of management information systems goes back several decades. The first works in this area date back to the 1950–1960s, when so-called automated control systems were developed, implemented and operated in domestic and foreign theory and practice.

Among the Russian scientists who developed this topic, it should be noted Y. Alekseev, V. Dudorin, V. Zherebin, I. Karakoz, M. Korolev, T. Kokorieva, V. Maltsev, M. Sovalov, V. Samborsky and others.

Further development of this topic took place in the context of modern capabilities of computer technology and telecommunications. The domestic school is represented here by the names of O. Vershinina, A. Granberg, A. Gaponenko, O. Grigoriev, S. Ermolaev, Kapralov, E. V. Kostyuk, A. Nanavyan, N. Prokhorov, G. Ryabov, E. Sedykh, G. Smolyan, S. Supitsina, D. Fateeva, N. Fedorenko, V. Firsova, D. Chereshkina, E. Shchukina and others.

There are a large number of foreign publications devoted to the problems of using information technologies in the management of organizations. Among them are the works of B. Gates, R. Kaplan, G. Means, D. Norton, D. Schneider and others.

At the same time, in scientific works Mainly technical and technological issues of management information systems are considered. The prevalence of technological approaches leaves the economic and managerial aspects of this problem in the shadows.

The purpose of this work is to study the conceptual foundations of the use of information technology in the economy as a factor in increasing the efficiency of enterprises in modern conditions.

In accordance with this goal, the following tasks are set and consistently solved:

Identify features of the use of information technology;

Explore the concept of enterprise management using IT;

An attempt to generalize the accumulated experience in the implementation of integrated information systems and the formation general principles organization of choice and strategy for implementing IT in enterprise management;

Explore intra-company difficulties and problems when using IT;

- review the main information systems offered on the market.

Object of study are information technologies as a factor in increasing the efficiency of enterprises.

Subject of research is a set of economic and managerial relations that arise in the process of using information technologies.

Main directions of use of information

technologies in the enterprise

Transfer of information about the position and activities of the enterprise to highest level management and mutual exchange of information between all mutual divisions of the company are carried out on the basis of modern electronic computer technology and other technical means of communication.

in terms of object and quality - brevity and clarity of wording, timeliness of receipt;

by purposefulness - satisfaction of specific needs;

in terms of accuracy and reliability - the correct selection of primary information, optimal systematization and continuity of collection and processing of information.

Large companies (corporations, holdings), which are characterized by a complex structure associated with the versatility of divisions, their territorial distribution and differences in production potential, usually face problems such as:

> Lack of organizational unity among the divisions of the enterprise, in particular, the same understanding of the essence of business processes, a unified methodology accounting, unification of normative and reference information.

> Difficulties in planning activities across all horizons (long-term, current, operational) at all levels of the management vertical, communicating specific tasks to each department, monitoring current implementation and analyzing the implementation of these tasks.

> Insufficient efficiency (relevance) of data on the financial and economic activities of divisions, branches and the corporation as a whole.

> The high complexity of collecting and summarizing (consolidating) data from geographically distributed areas, in particular, accounting departments, each of which maintains its own, “incomplete” balance sheets from the point of view of the corporation; a large number of errors in such data, their heterogeneity and inconsistency.

> Lack of prompt and reliable information on mutual settlements (offsets) with external suppliers and consumers, as well as branches of the enterprise, and, as a consequence, the difficulty of managing receivables and payables. Solving this problem becomes much more complicated when the status of the counterparty changes (for example, when a corporation purchases a company that was previously an external counterparty).

The only solution to these problems is the development and implementation of so-called information technologies, i.e. technologies based on the use of computer technology and electronic means communications.

According to the definition adopted by UNESCO, information technology is a complex of interrelated scientific, technological, and engineering disciplines that study methods for effectively organizing the work of people involved in processing and storing information; computer technology and methods of organizing and interacting with people and production equipment, their practical applications, as well as the social, economic and cultural problems associated with all this.

In modern society, information technologies are a universal tool for managing organizations of all types operating in all areas. The main functions of modern information technologies for enterprise management are the collection, storage, search, systematization and processing of necessary data for all spheres of public life, the development of new information, and the solution of certain optimization problems. The task is not only to select and automate labor-intensive, regularly repeated routine operations on large amounts of data, but also to obtain fundamentally new information that is necessary for making effective management decisions.

Among the main directions of development of modern information technologies in ensuring effective functioning and development are:

Automation of document flow

Communications

Pharmaceutical production technology management

Automation of accounting and planning

Development of decision making systems

Automation of banking operations

Creation of automated jobs

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