How to plant champignons at home. How to independently breed and grow champignon mushrooms at home yourself. How to grow a rich harvest of champignons with your own hands without much expense. Preparing the base for laying compost

At home it is possible, provided there is space where this process will take place. The method of planting and propagating them is simple, but it will require significant labor and financial investments, which, in turn, directly depend on the volume of required products. If you decide to build a business on this, the costs will be impressive, but they will pay off much sooner than you think. When growing mushrooms in small volumes, the costs will be minimal. For what purposes you want to start this process is up to you, our recommendations will help you correctly organize the places for planting champignon mycelium, in video and photos we will show in what ways you can carry out your plan.

Agricultural technology for growing champignons

There are certain requirements that must be observed when growing any plants, these are the choice of planting site, preparation of the growing environment, soil substrate and planting care measures. Let's start, perhaps, from the very beginning.

Selection and preparation of a site

You can sow fungal mycelium in open ground, in a greenhouse, in basements or outbuildings; the main conditions for the existence and growth of a plantation are:

constant air humidity - not lower than 75-80 percent;
temperature - not lower than 18 and not more than 22 degrees;
good ventilation.

Champignons need high air humidity and constant temperature

Maintaining such parameters outdoors is more difficult than indoors, but air circulation occurs naturally and there is no need to spend money on forced ventilation. Planting in open ground also has its drawbacks: you need to maintain the temperature, that is, cover it in the cold season, shade it in the hot weather.

Before determining a place for a mushroom plantation, weigh all the pros and cons, decide where it will be more convenient for you to care for the plantings without spending a lot of effort.

In containers - for a small amount of mushrooms, mainly for your own consumption.
In plastic bags - this method is universal; you can use bags in small spaces and in large greenhouses.
On special racks (Dutch method) - used for production volumes, cultivation in order to make a profit from the sale of champignons.
On plots in open ground, a plot in a greenhouse, a designated area in outbuildings: sheds, cellars, vegetable stores, storerooms.

Favorable environment for mushrooms

After choosing a suitable place, you should arrange it for comfortable and successful growth of mushrooms.

On beds and earthen plots, protect against evaporation and loss of water into the soil. To do this, you can use PVC film, covering the entire surface of the future bed with it. Next, lay the substrate 35-40 cm thick, sow the fungal mycelium in the grooves, or simply scatter it on the surface, sprinkle 5 centimeters of soil on top, and water generously.
When using containers, it is also necessary to prepare lids and trays, decontaminate and disinfect them, fill in soil substrate 4-5 cm thick, sow mycelium, and water. You can even store them in your apartment: on the windowsill, near heating radiators, in the pantry.

Most often, champignons are grown in a specially designated room.

Using plastic bags to grow champignons, proceed as follows: fill the bags to the top with substrate, lightly compact them, pour water to completely moisten the soil, make cuts in the walls (8-10 cm in diameter) in a checkerboard pattern, and put mushroom mycelium into the holes.
Growing champignons using the Dutch technology means using vertical space, that is, placing special containers on shelves, which takes up much less space in the room, but significantly increases the amount of products (mushrooms).

In all cases, as we have already said, it is necessary to maintain a certain humidity and air temperature. These conditions are provided according to the chosen location and method of planting, in some cases it will be expensive, in others it will be cheaper.

Preparing earthen substrate for planting champignons

The earthen mixture for mushroom mycelium consists of components that every gardener can find: rotted cattle manure (horse manure is possible), fresh hay or straw, additives in the form of chalk, bone meal, superphosphate and others. This side of the matter will not be financially burdensome; the main thing is to know the proportions of each component.

By purchasing champignon mycelium from a responsible manufacturer, you get detailed instructions on growing these mushrooms at home. Study her recommendations and confidently begin to implement your plans.

Approximate ratio of components for compost: per 100 kilograms of manure you will need

fresh straw - 25-30 kg;
ammonium sulfate or superphosphate - 330 g;
chalk (or plaster) - 15 kg (respectively 30 kg).

It is very important to buy high-quality mycelium

Compost preparation in three stages:

Moisten 100 kg of manure by adding sulfate, cover the top with straw and wrap the pile with covering material (polyethylene, pieces of roofing felt).
After five days, add gypsum or chalk and mix.
Check the condition of the compost after a few days (7-10), it should be dark brown in color, the straw should disintegrate and break easily, and the smell of ammonia should not be strong. If
The compost meets all these requirements, which means it is ready and the mycelium can be planted.

Attention! To speed up the composting process, you can use organic catalysts, these include: a solution of yeast with sugar, an infusion of nettle with yeast, or effective microelements.

Place the finished compost (substrate) in prepared containers or bags, sow the mushroom mycelium and wait for the harvest. There will be no problems with caring for mushroom plantations. Having planted the mycelium, ensuring regular watering and air circulation, all that remains is to occasionally clear the plantings of weeds and ensure that there are no diseases or pests.

Champignons today have become the type of mushroom that is available for growing at home. The period between planting the mycelium in the substrate and receiving the first fruits is minimal. No need for growing champignons special conditions. It is enough just to provide a cool room with high air humidity. A basement or cellar is quite suitable.

Champignons can be grown both for personal use and for sale. But it is important to know that the substrate for their growth, when wet, emits a rather strong odor. It is not advisable to keep it in a residential area.

Where and on what do mushrooms grow?

The very first and most important step in successfully growing mushrooms is proper preparation of the substrate. It must be prepared with high quality in compliance with all stages.

The substrate for champignons consists of:

25% compost (wheat and rye straw)
75% horse manure

Do you have experience in growing champignons based on chicken manure or cow manure, but you should not expect high yields in this case.

The substrate is prepared in an open space on the street or in a well-ventilated room, since during its fermentation ammonia, carbon dioxide and moisture will be released. Additional additives per 100 kg of substrate are:

2 kg urea
2 kg superphosphate
5 kg chalk
8 kg gypsum

As a result, we get almost 300 kg of finished substrate. This mass can fill a mycelium with an area of 3 square meters. m.

If you decide to prepare compost based on chicken manure, then the proportions will be as follows:

100 kg straw
100 kg litter
300 l water
Alabaster

The procedure for preparing the substrate is as follows.

The straw is soaked in a large spacious container.
Straw is laid alternating layers with manure. There should be 3 layers of straw and 3 layers of manure.
The straw is wetted with water during the laying process. Three layers of straw (100 kg) will take about 300 liters.
While laying the layers, urea (2 kg) and superphosphate (0.5 kg) are gradually added in small portions.
Mix thoroughly.
Add chalk and the remainder of superphosphate, gypsum.

The resulting substrate is left to undergo the smoldering process. In this case, the temperature in the mixture will rise to 70 degrees. After 21 days, the compost will be completely ready for further use.

Planting material

Upon purchase planting material It's not worth saving. Therefore, they acquire mycelium (mycelium) only highest quality. It must be grown in special laboratory conditions. Manufacturers of myceliums today present two types of planting material:

Compost mycelium
Grain mycelium

Grain mycelium is produced in plastic bags. It is stored for about 6 months at a temperature of 0 to 4 degrees. Grain mycelium is used at the rate of 0.4 kg per 100 kg of substrate (mycelium area 1 sq.m).

Compost mycelium is sold in glass containers. Its shelf life depends on temperature. At zero degrees it can last for about a year, but if the temperature is at 20 degrees, then the mycelium must be used within 3 weeks. Compost mycelium is used at the rate of 0.5 kg per 1 sq.m of substrate. Its yield is much lower than that of grain.

A properly prepared substrate will certainly spring back when pressed. Before placing mycelium in it, it must undergo a pasteurization (heat treatment) process. After heating, the substrate cools down to 25 degrees. About 100 kg of substrate is placed in 1 sq.m of mycelium in a layer of approximately 30 cm.

Take a piece of mycelium the size of egg and deepen it into the substrate by about 5 cm. Each portion of the mycelium is placed at a distance of 20 cm from each other. A staggered arrangement is used for planting.

Another method involves uniform distribution (sprinkling) of mycelium over the entire surface of the substrate. It also needs to be buried no more than 5 cm.

Further actions are to provide the necessary conditions for the establishment and germination of the mycelium. Air humidity should be maintained at around 90%. The substrate must also be kept constantly moist. To prevent it from drying out, the mycelium can be covered with sheets of paper. Watering the substrate is carried out through paper. An important condition for the establishment of mycelium is a constantly maintained substrate temperature of 22 to 27 degrees. Any temperature deviations from the norm must be adjusted immediately.

The mycelium germination time is approximately 7 to 14 days. After this period, the substrate needs to be covered with a covering layer of soil of about 3 cm. It is prepared independently from one part sand and nine parts peat. Approximately 50 kg of cover soil will be needed per square meter of mycelium.

The covering layer is kept on the substrate for three days, then the air temperature in the basement or cellar is reduced to 15-17 degrees. The cover soil is moistened with a spray bottle, and the room is constantly ventilated. Drafts are not allowed.

Harvesting

The process of growing champignons yourself in a cellar or basement is not too complicated or time-consuming. The period from planting to harvesting the first harvest is 120 days. Only those mushrooms in which the plates under the cap are not yet visible are suitable for consumption. Those mushrooms that are large in size, overripe, and the plastic ones are dark brown in color are prohibited from being used as food. They can cause poisoning.

The mushroom should not be cut, but carefully plucked with a twisting motion. The resulting depression is sprinkled with a covering substrate and moistened.

The mycelium will bear fruit for about 2 weeks. The number of harvests collected during this period is 7. Up to 14 kg of crop is harvested from one square of area.

For growing champignons in large quantities for sale through retail chains I use polymer bags. This method has gained recognition in many countries. With its help, a large harvest is obtained.

A polymer film is used to make the bag. The capacity of each bag ranges from 25 to 35 kg.
The bags should be of just the right volume to make them convenient to work with. In addition, the correct location of the bags affects the number of grown champignons. They are usually arranged in a staggered or parallel pattern.
So, when installing bags with a diameter of about 0.4 m in a staggered arrangement, only 10% of the usable area will be lost, while their random installation results in losses of up to 20%.
The height and width of the bags may vary. You need to take into account their conditions and ease of work, as well as the physical capabilities of the basement (cellar).

The method of growing mushrooms in bags is less expensive, as specially mounted shelves or containers are not required for their placement. If there is a need to use the space of the room as efficiently as possible, then a multi-tiered system can be created to arrange the bags. The advantage of this method also lies in the speed of combating emerging diseases or pests. An infected bag can be easily removed from healthy neighbors and destroyed, whereas if the mycelium becomes infected, its entire area will have to be removed.

It is important to remember that growing mushrooms is a rather labor-intensive process. If champignons are grown for sale, then it is impossible to do without the use of agricultural machinery to make the work easier for workers.

Experienced mushroom pickers can list a large number of methods they have tested for independently growing champignons in a basement (cellar). Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. The main thing is compliance with growing technology, strict adherence to all instructions and requirements. The result is achieving the desired result and obtaining a rich harvest of mushrooms.

How to grow champignons at home (at home)

You can grow champignon mushrooms on a special lawn or just in a room. Mushrooms do not need sunlight, so they grow successfully in the basement, delighting with good harvests.

Unlike forest mushrooms, which are capable of concentrating harmful substances from the soil and from the atmosphere, industrially grown champignons, and even more so those that grow at home, are an environmentally friendly product. It is almost impossible to get poisoned by them.

If you find a suitable room, you can grow champignons all year round. The room may be dark, but it is necessary to provide:

constant temperature within 20-25 o C;
high air humidity up to 90%;
good ventilation, since mushrooms emit carbon dioxide and, if there is an excess of it, begin to stretch out too much:
In order to avoid the growth of bacteria in conditions of high humidity, it is necessary to disinfect the room.

Let's take a step-by-step look at how to grow champignons at home to get good harvests.

Setting the stage

Champignons need special soil - compost based on horse manure. The manure is spread with damp straw with the addition of urea and superphosphate, laid out in layers in a heap, covered from rain and sun and allowed to ripen. This will take three weeks, with the mixture being stirred every week. The compost is fermented, emitting a strong smell of ammonia and heating up to 70 o C. If it is difficult to make compost yourself or you need a small amount, you can buy a ready-made composition.

The prepared compost is laid out in pallets or boxes in a 20-centimeter layer. The seed material is mycelium, which is grown in laboratories and sold. It is placed in compost to a depth of 5 centimeters, with holes 25 cm apart from one another. You can simply scatter the seed material over the surface of the compost and cover it with a 5-centimeter layer on top. With good humidity and warmth, the mycelium begins to develop in 2-3 weeks. To increase humidity, the compost is covered with film or bags, and the temperature should not exceed 27 degrees.

Coming to the surface, the mycelium has the appearance of a silvery web. After this, you can reduce the temperature to 15 o C and sprinkle the surface with peat and lime chips. Watering should be done by generous spraying - this will provide moisture and avoid compaction of the compost.

3-4 weeks pass, and the time comes to collect the first mushrooms. The cavity under the cap of the champignon is covered with skin - as soon as it stretches, but does not yet begin to burst, this means that it is already possible to pick mushrooms. The mushroom is removed from the soil with a twisting motion, being careful not to damage the adjacent mycelium. It is possible to collect from five to twelve kilograms of mushrooms from one square meter.

Mushroom collection is not limited to one harvest: the mycelium continues to bear fruit 7-8 times over two to three months, with the first harvest being the most abundant, and then the yield decreases until it drops so much that cultivation loses its meaning.

Having collected the last harvest, it is necessary to disinfect the entire room and compost containers. The compost left over from growing mushrooms should not be reused, but it makes an excellent fertilizer for your garden.

In addition to horizontal beds, mushrooms can also be grown in vertical beds - in bags. The compost is poured into plastic bags, and the mycelium is inserted through the holes. The bags can be placed in a checkerboard pattern and even hung, resulting in increased mushroom yields per square meter of territory.

Video: how to grow champignons at home

Champignons can be cultivated all year round: in summer in garden beds and in winter in greenhouses. At home, this could be a cellar, barn, basement, greenhouse, etc. If there are intentions to grow them, then a special room will probably be built for this. To grow them, you don’t need a lot of light, much less the presence of sunlight; they grow well, develop and bear fruit in the dark. For them, the most important thing is the required temperature and the required moisture. The nutritious climate for champignons is a mixture of horse or cow fertilizer with wheat or rye straw.

If it is not possible to purchase horse manure, then it can be replaced with chicken or pork, adhering to certain proportions, and if straw is not available, it can be replaced with corn cuttings or fallen tree leaves. The most important thing is that such components are fresh and free from pests. In order to avoid any problems, these components should be pre-processed and prepared so that the mycelium develops without problems inside the substrate and is healthy. For those who decide to grow champignons at home, it is worth immediately reminding that this activity is quite labor-intensive and requires great patience, but patience and work, as a rule, are always rewarded.

Substrate preparation

Preparation of the substrate consists of placing horse manure with bedding in a cone-shaped pile and watering it with water to obtain a moisture content of 60-70 percent. Ammonium sulfate is added to this pile, which should be about 3 kg per 1 ton of substrate. Afterwards, the heap with the substrate is covered with mats, burlap or straw and left in this state to warm up. Ammonium sulfate is added to enhance the activity of bacteria that take part in the decomposition of manure. Over the course of 5 days, the pile of substrates is broken up with a pitchfork for more uniform heating. During this procedure, gypsum is added to the substrate. Its quantity should be equal to 4 kilograms per 1 ton of substrate. During the entire preparation time, the substrate is mixed 2-3 times. The finished substrate should have a uniform, dark brown consistency without the smell of ammonia, and the straw should be easy to tear.

When preparing a substrate from horse and cow mullein, with the addition of straw, these components are folded into a pile 1.5 meters high and 2-3 meters wide, after which it is constantly watered. For high-quality and uniform heating and moistening, it is constantly stirred. During the first interruption, ammonium sulfate (3 kg per 1 ton) is added, and during the third, gypsum (5 kg per 1 ton) and superphosphate (3 kg per 1 ton) are added. While mixing, thoroughly water areas that are not sufficiently moistened.

Laying the soil

At home, champignons can be cultivated on dirt floors, in enclosed spaces, on shelves or in boxes that are stacked on top of each other to save space. Ridges measuring 50x50 or 75x75cm are formed on the earthen floor. The prepared substrate is laid about 45 cm thick and compacted to obtain a thickness of about 30 cm. the sides of the ridge can be leveled with a shovel.

When using racks, the prepared substrate is placed on the racks in a layer of 30-45 cm and compacted to obtain a flat and smooth surface. Boxes for growing champignons can have arbitrary sizes, but boxes 50 cm wide, 100 cm long and 25 cm high are considered more convenient. The boxes are filled with manure and compacted, after which the thickness of the substrate should be about 23 cm. Hand tampers are used for compaction. When growing in open ground, the formation of ridges begins in early spring, as soon as the earth warms up. The substrate is laid on the ground or a dug trench, the depth of which is 20-25 cm above the beds; it is advisable to make canopies to protect the beds from sunlight or excess moisture.

Planting mycelium

Subsequently, the substrate is laid and its temperature is measured daily. Planting of mycelium begins when the temperature at a depth of 4-5 cm does not reach 27-28 degrees. For planting, sterile mycelium is purchased and grown in laboratories. Two varieties of champignons have become widespread due to their high productivity: two-spore white and two-spore brown. In laboratories, mycelium is grown on cereal grains or manure. This mycelium is sold in jars or bottles weighing 1-2 kg. Typically, from 300 to 500 grams of mushroom mycelium are consumed per square meter of substrate. Before planting, the mycelium is broken into pieces the size of Walnut or a pigeon egg. The weight of such pieces is approximately 15-20g and are placed in a wide container in one layer so as not to wrinkle. Then these pieces are planted in prepared beds or boxes at a distance of 20 cm from each other in a checkerboard pattern.

The planting technique involves lifting the substrate at the planting sites with a sharp object and making a small depression into which a piece of mycelium is placed. After this, the planting sites are closed and pressed firmly for better contact of the mycelium with the substrate.

Caring for champignons

After planting the mycelium, in order to get a harvest, future champignons need care. This content consists of maintaining the required temperature in the room at all stages and the required humidity of the substrate. Immediately after planting, the room temperature should be maintained within 24-26 degrees. During this period, the mycelium grows very actively deep into the soil and can produce a good harvest. If the temperature is higher, the mycelium will grow more in the surface layers, which will lead to less formation of fruiting bodies. In this case, the humidity should be about 60 percent. The mycelium loves moisture very much, and therefore the humidity must be constantly monitored.

After a week and a half, the mycelium is already growing well and the temperature in the room should be reduced to 18-20 degrees, and the surface of the substrate with the mycelium is covered with earth. The consistency of the soil is fine-grained and slightly moist. Before filling, it must be kneaded well and passed through a fine-mesh sieve. The soil is poured without compaction, for good access of oxygen to the mycelium. In the future, the temperature (about 16 degrees) and air moisture content (80-90%) and the humidity of the surface layer (about 60%) continue to be maintained. In this case, you need to regularly ventilate the room, as carbon dioxide accumulates in it.

Harvesting

The most interesting stage when growing champignons is harvesting. This is a very pleasant process that carries a lot of emotions and a lot of pleasure. Moreover, this is not a trip to the forest, in which you can find a dozen mushrooms, and then such a trip is remembered for a long time, and the feeling of pleasure knows no bounds. And here are whole beds of champignons, which seem to be lined up by order and according to size. So many mushrooms make your eyes wide open and, at first, you don’t know what to do with them.

Such a harvest will appear in 3-4 months, after a lot of work and a lot of patience. Mushrooms in which the film still connects the edges of the cap and the stem of the mushroom are susceptible to harvesting. Mushrooms whose membrane has already torn are considered overripe and are not recommended for consumption.

The technology for collecting champignons does not require cutting them, but requires twisting them. After this, these places are covered with earth, which is poured on top of the substrate and watered. With a good harvest, and this can only happen with good care, you can collect from 5 to 12 kg of fresh mushrooms from one square meter. After the first harvest, in about a week it will be possible to harvest another harvest.

An alternative way to grow champignons

It is possible to grow mushrooms at home in other ways, but for this they use mycelium grown in the laboratory. They are grown on compost or grain. In this regard, there are two types of them: grain and compost. Grain mycelium is usually stored at a temperature of about 4 degrees for six months. Compost mycelium is not so demanding. It can be stored at home at a temperature of no more than 20 degrees for 20 days. It is most suitable for growing indoors, although it does not produce such large yields as grain. To grow in an apartment you will need 0.5 kg of mycelium per square meter.

Before planting, the substrate should be pasteurized. As a rule, this is done by pouring boiling water over the straw. To do this, you can use some container, put straw in it and pour boiling water over it. After some time, it is pulled out and the substrate is prepared. Most likely, when growing in an apartment, boxes will be used, which are filled with a substrate that is well compacted and should spring back when pressed by hand. Before filling the substrate, you should measure its temperature, which should be within 25 degrees. The thickness of the substrate stuffed into the boxes should be no lower than the height of the boxes, about 5 cm. This will allow you to grow a good harvest of champignons in your apartment if the temperature and humidity conditions of the air and substrate are maintained.

Features of growing champignons

In order to start growing these mushrooms seriously or to grow them for yourself in your apartment for the sake of interest and pleasure, you should know about the main features of their cultivation. The peculiarities lie in the fact that growing champignons is a labor-intensive process that requires careful adherence to cultivation technologies due to the great demands of the champignon mycelium. It is important to adhere to everything here: constantly monitor the humidity and temperature of the substrate. It is important to know that the laying of fruiting bodies occurs at the moment of a temperature difference from +25 degrees to +15 degrees. It is very important! If such conditions cannot be provided, then mushrooms may not be seen. You should also know that during their growth a lot of carbon dioxide and ammonia are released and the room in which they are grown should be well ventilated.

This should be taken into account when growing mushrooms in an apartment. Mushrooms, in particular champignons, can not only be purchased in the store, but also grown independently in your apartment. Growing champignons in an apartment is the opposite way of growing, and it is realistic, since not so many of them are needed for a family, and such a quantity can always be provided with the necessary conditions.

Growing other types of mushrooms at home

Growing champignons is a complex and labor-intensive process that is difficult to master at home. For example, growing mushrooms such as oyster mushrooms is less difficult, since they are less demanding on growing conditions and technology. They can be grown, for example, in plastic bags in a suspended state or on wooden chocks, maintaining optimal humidity. In addition, they are more useful than champignons.

The idea of making money from growing mushrooms came to Russia after this business gained well-deserved popularity in European countries. Knowledge of how to grow champignons will help a business that requires accuracy, perseverance, work and certain investments to develop at a rapid pace.

Mushrooms can be grown extensively or intensively. In the first case, the mushroom is grown under natural conditions, and this approach gives a small harvest. In the second case, the champignon is bred in artificial conditions, and then prospects for high yields appear.

This method of growing mushrooms requires special tools and conditions.

Growing methods

Methods for growing champignons are few and depend on where the soil is located (in a box, on a shelf, in a bed or in a bag).

To grow champignons in a box, you will need the boxes themselves. They must be made of wood and treated against mold fungi. A significant and not the only disadvantage of this method is the need to purchase expensive equipment, which makes it the least popular.

Growing on shelves also has a big disadvantage - there is a high risk of infection by pests and diseases through excess water flowing from the upper shelves.

The technology of growing in a garden bed is convenient if the mushroom grower has empty underground premises. In this case, a larger volume will be needed manual labor, and a closed room is not only inconvenient for cleaning, but also greatly increases the possibility of contracting diseases. This technology is also unpopular.

The method of growing champignons in bags is recognized as the most effective. The financial costs here are quite affordable; there is no need to equip special premises. If one bag becomes infected with a disease, its spread can be very easily limited by eliminating the affected part and protecting the other bags. Hammering compost will require a lot of force, which is considered the only significant drawback of this method. The bags are placed on the floor in two patterns - checkerboard or parallel. When installing in a staggered pattern, about 9% of the production area is lost, when installed in parallel - up to 20%. These losses can be reduced by using deep bags. Then the space formed between the bags facilitates the air circulation necessary for cooling the substrate.

Having sufficient assets, you can invest in briquettes. This growing technology is completely mechanized and has good protection against the spread of infection.

Growing champignons in bags

Where to begin?

Initially, you need to decide what variety you want to grow, how much money can be invested in this production, and what its scale will be (big business, Additional income, a useful product to your own table without selling it)? Having answered these questions, you can proceed to the main thing - start growing champignons at home. This process is quite labor-intensive and will require patience, knowledge and adherence to instructions.

Growing

The technology for growing champignons begins with the most important and difficult stage - preparing the substrate. Compost suitable for champignons is the most important basis for high profitability of the enterprise, since champignons are very demanding on the quality of the nutrient medium. Here it is extremely important to make sure that the established rules are strictly followed, which will allow you to grow champignon without any problems.

The main components of the substrate are simple: horse manure (up to 80% of the total volume) and compost made from straw or rye seeds (wheat can be used). Instead of horse manure, mullein or bird droppings are also used (you need to be careful here - the fungus does not “like” it very much, and there is a possibility of a decrease in the yield level). It is best to prepare the substrate outdoors, in a place protected from rain and sunlight.

To equip a mycelium with an area of 3 m², you will need 100 kg of straw, 2 kg of urea, 2 kg of superphosphate, up to 8 kg of gypsum, 5 kg of ordinary chalk, horse manure (3-5 times more in volume than straw). If bird droppings are used, the proportions will be different. You will need 100 kg of straw, 100 kg of litter, 300 liters of water, 8 kg of gypsum, alabaster (instead of superphosphate and chalk).

First, the straw is soaked in water for a day, after which it, together with manure, is stacked in layers (3-4 layers), adding urea and superphosphate. To grow a decent crop, it is important to re-wet the straw during the laying process (300-400 liters of water per 100 kg of straw). Then mix everything thoroughly and add the remaining components, observing the order. First, mix for the first time and add gypsum, after the second time superphosphate is used, and chalk is added between the third and fourth stirrings.

After this, the components in the stack begin to “burn” with increasing temperature. After 20 days, when the ammonia has completely evaporated (this can be recognized by the absence of a characteristic odor), you can begin to grow the mushroom.

Scheme for preparing a substrate for growing champignons

Mycelium bookmark

To plant the seed, approximately 15 kg of compost is placed in plastic bags with special perforations and the mycelium is planted. You can get a good harvest of quality products only if you plant high-quality “seeds” or mycelium (sterile mycelium), which is grown in special laboratories. There are two types of mycelium - grain and compost. Although champignon from compost mycelium will produce a smaller harvest, it has its advantages: it is not so susceptible to negative factors, is stored longer and retains its quality perfectly. And yet, grain mycelium is more popular in production.

Up to 400 g of grain and about 500 g of compost mycelium are consumed per square meter of bed. If you are going to grow champignon in bags, then about 800 g of grain mycelium is consumed per 100 kg of substrate. Place the mycelium in layers (in the garden bed) or mixed (in bags).

By folding the mixture of substrate and mycelium into plastic bag, leave it on the rack for 3 days, after which make 5-6 slits in the bag and leave it in the dark at a temperature of 18-20°C. After 2-3 weeks, mushrooms will appear in the slots, then you will need to move the bags to a ventilated and 24-hour-lit room with the same temperature and humidity above normal. Champignon grows to commercial size in about 3-4 weeks. After harvesting, transfer the bags to the first room, and after a week the mushroom will begin to grow again.

When the mushroom bears fruit, it is necessary to monitor the air humidity (about 70-95%) and temperature conditions(substrate temperature 20-27°C). Avoid drafts.

Grain mycelium

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