Carousel for milking cows. Milking parlor type “Parallel” with quick exit. Advantages of milking parlors "Carousel"

Conveyor-ring milking installations (“Carousels”) are designed for machine milking of cows on dairy farms with a population of 300 to 2000 cows.

The use of these settings allows you to introduce completely new forms technological process milking of cows, organization and division of labor of dairy farm workers: each operator performs only one group of operations (washing the udder, connecting teat cups, machine milking, removing milk cups from the animal’s udder, etc.) and he does not need to waste time on transitions.

On conveyor-ring installations, the cow enters the machine and leaves it after a strictly defined time, depending on the speed of rotation of the platform. As a result, all technological operations are performed with a certain rhythm, characteristic of industrial enterprises. The design of conveyor-ring installations has made it possible to automate many operations of machine milking of cows.

The "Carousel" type installations used on dairy farms in the country differ from each other mainly in the number of milking machines (sizes), i.e. in productivity. The compactness of "Carousels" allows them to be installed in any building with spans between supports of at least 6 m.

A ring-shaped platform with milking machines is located in the milking parlor, around which there are premises for support services.

The platform is approached from both sides (when servicing milk herds located in two barns on both sides of the milking room) with corridors divided lengthwise into two aisles. Along one side of the corridor the cows pass onto a moving platform, and along the other side they exit the hall after milking.

Carousel units are supplied in two types: M-690-16 with sixteen Tandem milking machines; M-691-40 with 40 machines arranged in a herringbone shape.

The machines are equipped with the Physiomatic system, which provides mechanical stimulation of the milk ejection reflex and automatic shutdown of the milking machines at the end of milking. Washing and disinfection of all parts of the installation in contact with milk, including milking machines and recorders, is carried out by an automated circulation system with program control. The feeding of animals with concentrates in accordance with their productivity is also automated. Manure in the installation falls through the slots of the platform into a chute, from where it is raked with a special brush into a gravity channel. The time of one revolution of the "Carousel" can be adjusted from 6.5 to 18 minutes.

The design of the M-691-40 "Carousel" milking machine is shown in Fig. 34. On the installation ring, 40 pens are placed in a herringbone pattern, each of which has a feeder and a device for fixing a cow. The floors in the machines are lattice. At the entrance of the cows to the milking machines there is a feed dispenser with a control panel.

Rice. 34. Diagram of the milking machine M-691-40 "Carousel": 1 - passages for entering and exiting cows, 2 - feed storage, 3 - feed dispenser, 4 - sanitary unit, 5 - automatic washing machine, 6 - control panel, 7 - beam - boom, 8 - milk collectors (recorders), 9 - feeders, 10 - machines, 11 - electric drive, 12 - milk receiving room, 13 - utility room, 14 - vacuum pump, 15 - power distribution, 16 - refrigeration unit

On the inside of the ring, on the fencing of the machines, there is milking equipment. A current collector, pipelines for milk, vacuum, compressed air and an air separator (releaser) are mounted on top of the diameter of the supporting ring, on the boom beam. The installation ring is driven by a DC motor, which allows you to change the direction of rotation and adjust its speed. The optimal time for one revolution of the Carousel is 10-13 minutes.

Through a special coupling, air is pumped out by vacuum pumps from the rotating part of the Carousel vacuum system, which consists of a ring vacuum wire and a combined vacuum-flushing pipeline, through which the cleaning solution circulates during flushing. Air is sucked out from the interwall and nipple spaces of the teat cups. Milk collectors are calibrated to account for milk from each cow and are equipped with a device for taking milk samples.

Every 10 recorders are connected using hoses closed with clamps to one of the four branches of the milk pipeline, from where the milk enters the milk collector of the air separator (releaser) and is sent to the cooler using a pump. The recorder clamps can be in three positions: middle - when washing, right - during milking and left - when sucking milk.

Before entering the milking parlor, the milkmaid (operator), using a sprinkler, washes the udder with warm water and lets the cow into the milking machine.

The second milkmaid (operator) wipes the udder of the cow that has entered the machine, gently massages it, milks the first streams of milk from each teat into a separate mug and places milking cups on the teats. The third milkmaid supervises the milking, gives a final massage, performs machine milking and removes the cups from the udder teats. The milked cow leaves the pen and goes along the corridor to a special room.

The feeder of the vacated pen is filled with food, then the next animal enters the pen, and the process is repeated.

The entrance and exit of cows from milking machines are located in one place. There is also a central passage for the fitter; the worker releasing the cows can pick up a stray cow.

Between milkings, the milking equipment is in the “washing” position.

Before milking, by turning on the first washing program, the milk line of the milking unit is disinfected. The execution of the program is controlled by signal lights on the control panel.

As soon as the disinfectant solution begins to drain, it is necessary to close the manual valve between the magnetic valve of the water mixer and the milk pipe, so that if the valve fails, water will not flow into the milk pipe. Then the milking machines are removed from the distribution plates, the recorder clamp is placed in the “milking” position and, by turning the handle of the three-way valve on the “boom”, the vacuum-flushing pipeline is separated from the flushing pipeline, thereby connecting it to the vacuum system.

To remove the remaining disinfectant solution from the milk-conducting paths of the installation, open the cone valve of the collector of the device and at the same time put the recorder clamp in the “suction” position, then open the cone valve and the recorder clamp of the next device. There should be no more than three devices in the “suction” position. The manifold tap of the previous apparatus is closed and the clamp is returned to the “milking” position when the liquid is completely sucked out of the next apparatus and recorder. This operation begins simultaneously in both directions from the vacuum gauge and ends at the “boom”. The second half of the milk line is drained in the same way. The washing solution from the milk line connecting the milking unit with the milk department is displaced by the first portions of milk (the milk is separated from the water by a sponge rubber ball).

The milking machine is controlled from a central console located in the center of the Carousel.

The Physiomatic system is three-mode and works as follows. After preparing the udder for milking, the apparatus is removed from hook 16 (Fig. 35), switch 17 turns on the electronic control unit 3, which sends a signal to the pulsator control unit 9 and the push-button signal panel 10, where the green light 11 lights up. The pulsator control unit 9 turns on the electromagnetic push-pull pulsator 7. Thanks to the “recorder,” a constant vacuum is created in the nipple spaces of the glasses, and a variable vacuum is created in the interwall spaces, alternating with atmospheric pressure with a frequency of 45-50 double pulses per minute. This period, according to the program, lasts 20 seconds, during which the milkmaid (master of machine milking) must put glasses on the udder teats. After the specified time, the yellow light 12 lights up on the signal panel. The pulsator control unit 9 turns on the magnetic valve 6, as a result of which compressed air periodically enters the inter-wall chambers of the milking cups for 60 s during the compression stroke instead of atmospheric air, massaging the udder nipples (first mode ). At the end of the massage, the yellow light 12 on the signal panel goes out, and the green light 11 continues to light, indicating that the device is operating in normal mode (second mode).

Rice. 35. Diagram of operation of the Physiomatic system: 1 - vacuum pump, 2 - compressor, 3 - control unit, 4 and 6 - fittings, 6, 7 and 8 - solenoid valves, 9 - pulsator control unit, 10 - push-button signal panel, 11, 12 and 13 - green, yellow and red signal lights, 14 - button, 15 and 21 - hoses, 16 - hook-switch for the suspended part of the device, 17 - switch, 18 - milk collector, 19 - milk flow sensor, 20 - apparatus manifold, 22 and 23 - interwall and sub-nipple spaces of the glass

After 60 seconds of operation of the machine, sensor 19 is turned on. During milking, no signals are received from the photocell of the sensor, since the flow of milk flowing through the milk hose blocks the light from the lamp.

As soon as milking stops, the light from the lamp hits the photocell, and after 4 s the pulsator turns off on the compression stroke. Atmospheric air enters the interwall spaces of the apparatus cups, and a constant vacuum remains in the nipple cups: while the rubber compresses the nipples (third mode), the milking machine continues to be held on the udder nipples.

On the panel 10 the green light goes out and the red light 13 lights up, signaling the immediate completion of machine milking. The milkmaid presses button 14, turns off the automation, turns on the push-pull electromagnetic pulsator and performs additional milking.

During milking, the red light goes out and the milking machine operates in normal mode (second mode). After machine milking, turn the shut-off cone of the collector, close the milk hose, remove the glasses and hang them on hook 16.

The milkmaid must carefully monitor the change in light signals. If the red light comes on at the beginning or in the middle of milking, it is necessary to find out the cause of the delayed milk flow and eliminate it. As soon as the red light comes on, you must immediately begin machine milking, otherwise blood circulation in the nipple will be disrupted.

Technical characteristics of the installation are given in table. 6.

Table 6. Technical parameters of milking machines of the "Carousel" type

Milking parlors

The first milking parlors were put into operation in the last century: 1954 - “Carousel”, 1971 - “Yolochka” and “Tandem”.

The most common milking machines are “Parallel”, “Yolochka”, “Tandem”, “Carousel”.

Milking parlor "Tandem"(Fig. 21) is distinguished by individual milking of each animal, where the time of milking the animal does not affect the productivity of the milking parlor, unlike group milking parlours.

Peculiarities:

Rational milking and individual approach;

Entry and exit doors are controlled manually using buttons;

Maximum rational use of milking places;

Cows change each other according to the individual milking time of each cow - there are no delays in case of slow milking;

Each cow has its own individual place - a calm atmosphere during milking;

Full view of the animals and easy access to the udder.

The operators are located in a trench 0.6-0.75 m deep, on the sides and parallel to which individual pens for cows are installed. Operators move freely along the trench; animal movements are limited by the walls of the machine.

To perform preparatory and final operations, you do not have to bend down or work in a bent position.

Each machine has its own milking machine. The cows are admitted into the milking machine and each animal is released individually. Therefore, you can always keep the cow in the pen for the required time without interfering with work in other pens. At the request of the customer farms, feeding troughs of milking machines are installed, from which the cows during milking eat a standardized feeding from concentrated feed.

In modern milking machines, the machines are removed automatically when the milk supply decreases to 200-300 g/min (depending on the average productivity of the herd).

Tandem provides good conditions for individual service of each cow, but such installations are low-productive and take up a lot of space. Therefore, they are used on small farms with herds that are heterogeneous in terms of productivity and milk production rate.

Milking parlor "Yolochka"(Fig. 22) is a well-thought-out system, characterized by simplicity and efficiency. The location of the equipment does not interfere with the operator’s view and provides excellent control over the room. “Herringbone” installations are produced in two modifications: with an angle of cows positioned to the milker’s trench of 30 0 and 60 0. The advantages of “Yolochka 30 0” are its small installation width. They fit well into a standard six-meter building span, which makes it possible to place these units in typical milking and milk blocks of dairy farms. Another advantage is considered good review cow's udder and easy access to it. However, the consequence of this advantage is an increase in the milker’s work area (trench length), which reduces labor productivity and, consequently, the throughput of the installation. In such installations, after the end of milking, the cows leave one after another, which also reduces throughput.

“Yolochki 60 0” are equipped with a quick outlet, which speeds up the release of the installation and increases its throughput. This is also facilitated by a slight reduction in the operator’s work area. However, these installations require a larger milking parlor and are more expensive.

Peculiarities:

The cows stand at an angle to the edge of the pit. The distance between milking machines is 115 cm;

Easy access to the udder for processing and attaching the milking machine;

Good working position – milking occurs from the side;

Modern "quick exit" option with lifting beam: cows leave the installation very quickly. Ideal for large herds. The entrance door and beam are controlled hydraulically using a compressor.

Milking cows on “Parallel” type installations(Fig.23)

Further modernization of the “Yolochka 60 0” installations led to the creation of “Parallel” type installations, which appeared on European farms in the early 90s.

Peculiarities:

Cows are housed side by side and milked from behind;

The working position is very ergonomic and provides comfortable milking;

By positioning the cow close to the edge of the milking pit, access to the udder and connection of the milking machine is effortless;

Animals are securely secured at the front using a stable front grille. After finishing milking, the animals do not need to change the direction of movement to exit, but simply take a few steps forward.

The principle of milking in installations of this type generally corresponds to milking in “Yolochka” type installations.

Milking on "Carousel" installations(Fig. 24, 25)

Carousel installations were invented in the USA in 1930, but only since the 1960s. it became popular in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. When using rotary milking machines, the best technological conditions are created for obtaining high-quality milk, since the design and design of this plant ensures the fastest and most convenient execution of all stages of milking, which is important factor successful milking of a large herd.

Specifications:

High productivity: milking from 100 to 120 cows per hour per operator - reduction work force(2 operators manage to serve more than 200 cows per hour);

Sizes from 12 to 60 milking places depending on the model;

Possibility to mount the milking parlor as a herringbone, parallel or tandem type;

Fully computerized control;

The zigzag edge allows the operator to easily get closer to the cow;

The smooth, continuous entry of animals into the milking area provides greater throughput compared to other milking plant systems;

Optimal overview of the entire milking process, which ensures good control;

High level of hygiene of the milking platform due to automatic washing;

Possibility of forming groups regardless of the number of machines in the hall.

At the beginning of milking, the animals enter the pens one after another as the “carousel” rotates. The rotation speed of the carousel is adjusted depending on the milk production speed of the cows, the number of operators and their work skills, and the productivity of the installation directly depends on this.

The operators are located on the inner or inner (depending on the design) side of the installation at a depth of 0.6-0.75 m, move freely inside the “carousel”, the movements of the animals are limited by the walls of the machine. To perform preparatory and final operations, you do not have to bend down or work in a bent position. In the center of the technological pit there are items necessary for the operator: glasses for treating teats before and after milking, a cup for milking the first streams of milk, napkins, a hose with water.

Robot milkers

Lely (Holland) was one of the very first to produce a robotic milker. At the beginning of the 1990s. The first model called “Astronaut” was presented. In 1997 it was put into operation.

At the end of 2007, the DeLaval company installed the first robot milker in Russia on the collective farm “Plemzavod Rodina” in the Vologda region. The voluntary milking system is a full-fledged automated complex of technologies that allows you to obtain milk in the most humane and physiological way for the cow. This system allows the farm to significantly reduce labor costs, reducing the need for the number of workers. This is very important especially recently, when young people do not want to work on farms.

The point of such a robot is that the cows will be milked at will. The robot works 24 hours a day. Cows come to the robot at any time, are milked and at this time are fed with concentrates. Using a hydraulic manipulator, the robot searches for teats, connects washing cups and teat cups, aligns hoses during milking and treats udder teats after milking. The system controls the quantity and quality (presence of somatic cells, presence of blood) of milk, the rate of milk flow and the duration of milking. The installation is equipped with milk meters for each quarter.

The teat cups are removed as the milk flow in each individual quarter of the udder decreases. Data on the entire herd is entered into the computer: cow number, milking frequency per day, productivity and other indicators. As noted by suppliers of such installations, cows get used to the robot within 2-3 weeks.

Bandwidth a single-box robot is sufficient to service 50-70 cows. To serve a larger herd, it is necessary to have several robotic milkers. Numerous observations have established that each cow, having free access to the robot, visits it on average 2.6-2.7 times, and highly productive ones (more than 30 liters per day) - 4-5 times a day. This frequency ensures an increase in animal productivity in the first third of lactation - up to 18%, and for the entire lactation - up to 10-14%.

Conclusion

The transition to free-stall housing is not easy and its implementation requires careful preparation. First of all, you need required amount high-quality basic and concentrated feed, the zootechnical service system must ensure timely detection of heat and insemination of livestock, all farm personnel must be focused on the end result. Insufficient feeding during box housing leads to increased excitability of the herd, increased ranking conflicts and stress in many animals, which reduces milk yield. Therefore, where there are no conditions, the introduction of loose housing can give a negative result, the origins of which are not in the system itself, but in its incorrect application.

The accumulated experience in using freestall housing for cows and the results of research allow us to recommend a number of techniques for production that minimize the negative impact of this system on the productive quality of dairy cows:

animals intended for free-stall farms must be prepared for lactation under similar conditions and accustomed to the milking area long before calving;

transfer of cows from one group (section) to another due to changes in productivity and physiological state must be carried out according to the number of physiological groups;

with frequent movement of animals, the usual herd bonds are disrupted, which leads to stress and a decrease in the productivity of cows;

all animals must be dehorned.

The improved technology for free housing of cows is based on the use of highly effective means of mechanization of production processes during the reconstruction of dairy farms. This primarily applies to the use of milking machines. The type of milking machine depends to a certain extent on the productivity of the herd. The choice of methods and means of mechanization of production processes should be carried out taking into account the requirements of technologies for keeping and servicing livestock. The maintenance principle also influences the choice of the type of milking machine. The choice of method and means for mechanizing the collection and subsequent processing of manure, in addition to the method of keeping animals, is also influenced by the method of keeping them adopted on the farm. The type and amount of litter used also has a significant impact.

The technology of free-stall housing makes it possible to bring the conditions of keeping cows as close as possible to natural ones, mainly to make the conditions for keeping cows comfortable. However, this technology justifies itself only when the herd productivity reaches at least 5000-5500 kg of milk per year, otherwise the costs will not pay off. Required condition is the implementation of a herd management system that allows you to track everything production processes. Based on this data, the specialist makes decisions regarding a specific animal or the entire herd. With the transition to free-stall housing, the importance of personnel increases, so the training of highly qualified managers and specialists is important.

Unfortunately, in many farms using modern equipment, insufficient attention is paid to using the production development potential provided by information base herd management programs. The purpose of this publication is to attract the attention of farm specialists to the opportunities information technologies in livestock farming.

List of used literature:

Magazine "New Agriculture". Special issue “Modern dairy farms. Construction, equipment and management"

Technology of free-stall housing of cattle (recommendations). – Cheboksary: ​​KUP CR “Agro-Innovations”, 2005.-31 p.

Recommendations for the transition from a traditional to a free-stall system for keeping cattle in order to minimize losses in animal productivity in the agro-industrial complex of the Leningrad region. – St. Petersburg: State Scientific Institution SZNIIMESKH of the Russian Agricultural Academy, 2008. – 64 p.

Information from sites:

and others.

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P. S.

Experience and opinions

Head of the Department of Technology and Mechanization of Livestock Husbandry of the Northwestern Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture Vladislav Gordeev: main drawback free-stall housing modern stage– difficulties associated with feeding animals (especially when there is a shortage of feed, which is typical for many farms). Strong aggressive animals push calmer and, as a rule, more productive cows away from the feeder. As a result, the productivity of the latter decreases, and the aggressive ones grow fat, becoming even more hostile.

Construction or reconstructionBoo Weifeldt, Head of Project Management Group at DeLaval: in some cases it is easier to build new complex and install the entire range of equipment, and in other situations it is better to make minor investments, and this will also bring a positive result. For example, if you are planning to switch from tethered to free-stall housing, then the construction of a new complex will be more profitable. If we're talking about about modernizing the farm, then investments in improving the existing milking and refrigeration equipment, as well as improving the comfort of cows.

Troshkin from the Novoladozhsky Breeding Plant": building a new free-stall facility is easier than upgrading an old one. Old projects are simply not able to provide much return. Often cramped, Soviet-built buildings do not allow us to provide comfortable conditions for cows, create the necessary microclimate.

Melnikov from the Podovinnoye agricultural enterprise: I am deeply convinced that when switching to free-stall housing technology, it is more profitable to modernize the old premises than to build a new one, if, of course, its design allows this. By 2006, we had modernized our farm buildings dating back to the 1970s and successfully switched to free-stall livestock housing. The reconstruction cost us 32 thousand rubles. to the cattle place. According to our calculations, these costs should be recouped within five years.

Andrey Smolentsev, Deputy General Director for Marketing of the IZH-Line company (Izhevsk, turnkey construction of dairy complexes): erecting a building from scratch at a price almost equal to the cost of modernizing already built premises. The difference is small - about 30%. According to him, the minimum price for modernization is about 40 million rubles. Example: our company reconstructed a farm for 400-600 animals in Udmurtia. We modernized one barn, a gallery for all barns and a milking parlor. At first the price was 30 million rubles, but in the end they settled at 35-37 million rubles. And not so long ago in Tatarstan they built a dairy complex for 400 animals from scratch. The initially agreed amount was around 39 million rubles, but at the request of the customer, new buildings were added during the construction process, and the result was about 60 million rubles. That is, the proximity of prices is quite obvious. A year ago we built a dairy complex in the Vladimir region. At that price of milk - about 11 rubles / liter - the payback period was eight years. Then, when milk prices began to rise, reaching 15 rubles per liter, the payback time was reduced to six years. Now, in light of well-known events, the payback period has already jumped somewhere beyond 10 years.

Marketing and Sales Director of GEA WestfaliaSurge Arkady Dobrin: As for the payback, then, of course, the reconstruction will pay off in less time than the construction of an entire megafarm for 1-2 thousand heads. Modernization pays off quite quickly, from two to five years, depending on its “depth” and if you do not take into account any economic shocks.

About the control system

Oleg Bespalov - manager of the company's milk production management systemDeLaval: modern systems equipped with milking point controllers, milk meters and electronic pulsators. They allow continuous monitoring and assessment of an individual cow or group of cows, which plays an important role in achieving high milk productivity for the herd as a whole. After all, accurate accounting of milk yield is one of the key points of monitoring the efficiency of the dairy business.

Alex Dzektser - Executive Director Country company (represents the Israeli company Gavish, which develops software and electronic equipment for livestock farming): Accurate information about cow health is very important. After all, electronic systems allow for the most accurate analysis in situations where errors are unacceptable, for example during culling. Thanks to electronics, you can see how things were a week or a month ago, determine the reason for the deterioration, and only then make a decision to cull.

Boris Berislavovich - leading specialist in genetics and herd management at Terborg Group – Alta: The information collected and processed by the system is of great importance, but it must be handled by a competent specialist who can extract the maximum benefit from the data obtained. And for this you need, at a minimum, to be able to use a computer. Mastering a computer is not a problem, but the ESUS makes the work of staff easier and reduces costs. Free-stall housing, in which electronic control systems are as appropriate as possible, is in itself aimed at reducing costs and increasing the profitability of the farm. In such conditions, it is profitable to reduce personnel.

Nina Fomina - zootechnician at the Krasnaya Poima farm (Moscow region.): In our farm, before the transition to automatic control, all animals were assigned to milkmaids. The herd was small, up to 200 heads, and the workers knew their cows intimately, remembered everything that related to their health and needs, and selected their rations themselves. But with the transition to industrial production it became simply impossible to do this with milk. For example, now there are 880 animals on our farm. In such conditions, it was necessary to automate accounting and divide the existing livestock into groups according to the main characteristics: health, milk yield and pregnancy. Without automation, structuring all this information would require great amount employees. And now, after installing the ESUS, milkmaids can only do milking, which only six people can do at Krasnaya Poyma. Before switching to automated accounting, calculate all financial risks. When introducing electronic control systems, the main thing is that this step is meaningful. In a small farm with the same 200 heads that we had, and even with tether housing, it is quite possible to carry out accounting manually. With an electronic system it will be easier, but it is not a fact that it will be economically justified. And if a large farm is being created, designed for large-scale production and with several hundred cattle, then the purchase of automation will be a reasonable investment.

Andrey Danilenko, President of the Russian Farms group of companies: electronic herd management systems are most appropriate in small enterprises with several dozen animals, rather than in large farms. ESUS is most useful where special attention is paid to the genetic and breed characteristics of the herd. For example, in Holland there are common farms with 100–200 cattle, engaged exclusively in breeding. There, a system of complete control over all indicators is simply necessary; it allows you to pay more attention to each animal. In large agricultural companies, statistics about the herd become too general, and the incoming data is not accurate enough. In addition, too much time is spent on processing them, and the benefits from such activities are not guaranteed.

Vladimir Chuvikov - chief livestock specialist of the Zelenogradskoye farm near Moscow: “interesting new product” in electronic systems control – heat detection sensor. Hunting in an animal is a signal for the livestock specialist, indicating the need for rapid insemination. As the animal moves, the sensor reads the vibrations of a ball mounted in the collar. Cows become more active during the hunt, and when they are ready to mate, they freeze and activity decreases. The sensor operates based on this circuit.

Ruler, hall, robot

Tatyana Rybalova, leading expert at the Institute for Agricultural Market Studies (IKAR): A modern industrial hall must be fully loaded; it must work at least 20 hours a day. If the equipment is idle, it is unprofitable. Therefore, a small farm does not need an industrial milking parlor. You need to either take a smaller hall, or just buy good equipment for linear milking. When switching to a new milking system, a farm may have problems with the old herd: accustoming cows that were kept on a leash to a robot or milking in a parlor will require considerable effort, and they may not always end successfully.

Domestic livestock farming will never completely switch to “free-stall.” “It would be considered a great achievement if in the foreseeable future at least half of the farms manage to make this transition. The process of modernizing our livestock farming slowed down already in 2008: national projects were completed, and the crisis is affecting the pace of development. But the most negative impact was the fall in prices for raw milk in the first half of 2008. We should not forget about the decrease in demand for domestic dairy products.

Alexey Shapochkin, PR manager of WestfaliaSurge (Germany): To modernize the old one, where milk is milked into a milk pipeline, an expensive reconstruction will be required, because the cows will have to be transferred to free-stall housing, which means that the infrastructure of the farm will have to be completely changed. Reconstruction of a livestock farm for 400 heads can cost from 20 million rubles. taking into account the equipment and construction part. The cost of equipment for milking into a milk line will be about €80 thousand, including VAT and installation, plus the cost of the construction part, which can reach up to 5-7 million rubles.

Roman Kostyuk, CEO Diagenis company (Moscow, consultations, production, development and implementation of veterinary technologies): Like any innovation, free-stall housing of cows comes with a number of problems. The root of the difficulties that arise when working on new technology lies in its very essence, because free-stall housing is an expensive, very technologically advanced system that requires more qualified personnel. The fact is that working on this content system requires not only specialists Agriculture, but also programmers and operators. And this is precisely the main difficulty, since the Russian village is experiencing a shortage of experienced personnel, not to mention specialists for management programs.

The main difficulties in using new technology are manifested in the practical side of implementation. It is sometimes very difficult to realize an idea in an adequate form. The operational accounting system becomes many times more complicated, and it can only be implemented through modern, expensive means. The costs of veterinary care for animals are also increasing: isolators, veterinary settling tanks, areas for artificial insemination - all this begins to require additional costs.

The main mistake of farmers switching to free-stall farming is the desire to combine two incompatible things: cheap “free-stall farming” and a quick return on money, which, of course, is impossible. This technology is quite expensive, and many farmers try to save money at the stage of developing a modernization project. Local specialists believe that they can handle things on their own: they do not follow instructions and rules, but act in accordance with their thoughts, at their own peril and risk, reducing costs as much as possible, whereas they must strictly follow the proposed time-tested scheme.

The efforts of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation over the past 10 years have been aimed at switching from tethered housing to loose housing as it is more modern and technologically advanced. But now the main obstacle to the further spread of this technology is likely to be the lack of financial resources. Making forecasts during a crisis is a completely thankless task!

Milking parlors are selected individually for each farm. About the features of such types of milking parlors as "Herringbone", "Carousel", "Tandem" and "Parallel" - in the material of "Agronews-ACADEMY".

Before purchasing a milking parlor, you should pay attention to the layout and size of the room. If a “herringbone” milking parlor requires a room about 5 m wide, then a “parallel” milking parlor requires twice as much. In addition, before deciding to purchase a particular milking parlor, you need to determine the size of the groups of cows and the storage unit, plan the routes of movement of the cows, calculate the required number of operators per shift, the duration of one shift, and also take into account plans to increase the number of livestock.

Milking parlor "Tandem"

This hall provides for the parallel arrangement of animals relative to the edge of the milking pit. It is characterized by the greatest convenience for the animal. In this machine, the cow is completely isolated from contact with other animals; each milking place has its own entrance and exit. Optimal for slow-milking cows and cows with high productivity. They milk freely, without delaying other animals, and without being influenced by their “neighbors” at the milking site. The milking operator has a good view of the udder, therefore it is more convenient for him to work with it.

This type of milking parlor is used on small farms with a herd of 100-150 heads, mainly 2x5 or 2x6, 10 and 12 milking places, respectively.

Advantages:

All animals have an individual entrance, so the entire group of animals does not have to wait for the milking of the slowest cow to finish;

The hall allows you to view the entire body of the animal.

Flaws:

The parlor requires a spacious room due to the long length of the milking pit;

High price construction work and milking equipment.

Milking parlor "Herringbone"

This is the most common milking parlor. In the “Herringbone” cows are positioned at a certain angle (from 30° to 60°) to the edge of the milking pit. The larger the angle, the smaller the milking front and the more space the milking parlor requires. The Yolochka milking parlor is distinguished by its versatility and the lowest price of milking equipment and construction work compared to other parlours.

The maximum number of milking places is limited to 48 (2x14). It is rational to use on farms with a population of no more than 500. Throughput is 4 birds/hour per place.

Advantages:

The parlor does not require significant investment, since the cost of milking equipment and repair work is low;

The hall has many varieties, which makes it possible to take into account the planned or existing production conditions as much as possible;

Small milking front.

Flaws:

Insufficient intensity of work of the milking operator;

The hall is limited in the number of livestock served.

Milking parlor "Parallel"

The Parallel milking parlor has the smallest milking front. It is the most rational solution for milking herds from 500 to 1200 heads.

This is a product of the logical evolution of herringbone milking parlors, where the animals are at an angle of 90° to the milking pit and the milking machines are connected from behind the animal.

Thanks to this arrangement of animals, the length of the milking place is reduced to 0.75 m. This allows for significant savings in milking parlor space. This layout of the hall allows installation of up to 50 heads in a row. Also, most halls of this type are equipped with an individual exit system, which facilitates the quick exit of animals.

The throughput capacity of installations of this type reaches 4.5 animals/hour per place.

Advantages:

Minimum milking front;

Low cost of milking equipment and construction work;

Increasing the intensity of work of the milking operator;

A more durable frame structure compared to other milking parlors, which ensures high reliability in operation;

The breadth of the size range is a wide range of livestock;

Easy to read ear tag.

Flaws:

Milking equipment is not suitable for every type of udder;

A sufficiently large milking parlor is required.

Milking parlor "Carousel"

The “Carousel” milking parlor is a movable disk-shaped platform on which milking boxes are installed; the arrangement of the boxes can be parallel, “Herringbone”, or longitudinal “Tandem”. A milking parlor of this type is characterized by a reduced milking front to virtually zero; the cows themselves drive up to the operator on a mobile platform. The operator connects the milking equipment while remaining motionless. There are two types of carousel milking parlors, in one of them the operator is located inside the radius of the platform, in the other - outside.

The "Carousel" milking parlor significantly simplifies the work with large groups of animals, facilitates the work of the milking operator, and reduces the cost of both time and money. service maintenance herds.

The greatest efficiency of carousel milking is achieved by grouping the herd according to the rate of milk production and the structure of the udder.

The throughput capacity of "Carousel" is 5.5 animals/hour per place, which allows servicing a large herd of 1500 - 2000 animals.

Advantages:

Flow technology;

High work intensity;

Work efficiency, which does not depend on the number of zootechnical groups in the stall;

The highest productivity when servicing livestock per unit of time by one operator.

Flaws:

The need to group the herd in accordance with productivity, milk production and udder structure;

High requirements during construction and preparatory work;

Such a hall requires large expenses for organizing work.

In one of the following materials, Agronews-ACADEMY will talk about the features of the most modern type of milking - milking by robot.

When choosing a particular hall, you should carefully evaluate the costs and possible profit from it, as well as the features of your business. Remember that there are no bad or good milking systems, but only right and wrong choices. What is good for one farm is no longer acceptable for another and vice versa.

The "Carousel" type milking parlor is a reasonable and economical solution when milking a large herd of cows. The SAC company produces milking parlors of the “Carousel” type for 12 heads or more.

In such a hall, one operator is capable of milking from 100 to 120 cows per hour. Thus, if two operators work in the milking parlor, productivity increases to more than 200 cows/hour.

In each case, we find an individual solution that meets the customer's requirements. If necessary, the milking parlor can be equipped with a milk production recording system, mastitis indicators, and a computerized SAC system automatic control herd with identification and separation of animals, etc.

One of fundamental principles The design of a milking carousel is the safety of the animal and a number of structural and technological elements are aimed exclusively at this. The cow is passed through the entrance corridor, equipped with a rubber floor and guide pipes located at a height of 90 cm of the floor and having a distance of 75 cm between them. This design allows the animal to enter the hall safely and does not allow other animals to interfere with the one entering. A rubber bumper is installed at the entrance, universal for both large and small animals. Individual seats on the carousel platform are equipped with a comfortable floor and rounded dividers, the height necessary for the animal's orientation. The length of the milking place is adjusted according to the size of the animals, regardless of whether a feed supply system is installed or not. The milking machine and transport pipes are located close behind each sector of the milking area. To prevent the cow's legs from getting tangled, new system hose support positioning the hanging part directly under the udder and eliminating twisting of the milk-vacuum hoses. The exit from the platform is also equipped with a rubber floor covering to prevent the animal’s hooves from slipping.

On the latest generation Carousels, all the operator’s needs are fully satisfied. A specially equipped entrance for animals to the milking parlor guarantees a calm passage to the milking place without bucking. The animal does not experience stress while waiting for milking to begin, which increases milk yield and, as a result, decreases work time operator. The operator has free access to the animal's udder and can easily prepare it and milk the first trickles. The length of the milking place is adjusted to the size of the animal; this is achieved by slightly sloping the floor towards the operator, thus the cow’s udder also leans slightly back, which reduces working distances.

Connecting the milking machine is easy and simple, since the suspended part of the milking machine is installed opposite the udder thanks to the QUICK-START system. After connecting the device, the hose guide will automatically adjust to the position of the udder and automatically turn on the vacuum. TOUCHSCREEN is the “third eye” of the operator, installed at the milker’s place and constantly informs about what is happening in the milking parlor, what observations need to be made, what decisions are made. Information about a machine knocked down during milking will also appear on the screen and give recommendations about reconnecting the machine or cutting off the cow after milking. TOUCHSCREEN helps the milker to concentrate on milking and receive only relevant information. In addition, the information can be provided in different languages, so that even foreign workers will find the information useful.

From the udder to the refrigeration tank, milk must be transported along the shortest route and as carefully as possible, to prevent damage to the fat globules leading to deterioration in quality. In large carousels, this path can be long and confusing. The only solution is to install a milk line directly under the platform. The Carousel hall, equipped with IDC milk meters, was tested and as a result it was revealed that when milk passed through the equipment, no change in its acidity was noticed. The dairy equipment of the Carousel hall is designed in such a way that the milk transport lines have a constant slope of 2% towards the milk receiver. From the milk receiver through a plate cooler the milk is pumped into the refrigeration tank. A SAC volumetric pump is used, which operates at low speeds and has the least impact on the quality of milk. The milk then passes through a plate cooler at the outlet, from which it has a temperature 1-2 degrees higher than the water temperature. Thus, at the entrance to the refrigeration tank, the milk has a temperature of approximately 9-11 degrees Celsius. If an ice generating unit is used, the milk can be instantly cooled to 2-4 o C.

Milking parlor "Carousel", external.
The volume and productivity of the milking parlor is of great importance for the functioning of farms with large livestock. It is necessary that as many cows as possible are milked every hour. This requires a large milking parlor, but it is not just the parlor size that is critical. The design and type of milking parlor is also important.

Milking parlor "Carousel" SAC Designed for large farms, as it has maximum productivity. It is most effective to use on large farms with a population of 800 dairy cows or more.

Distinctive features of the Karusel milking parlor:

• Cows stand at an angle of 90 (external) in relation to the milker;\

• The operator is located outside the platform - milking from the outside;
• The milking parlor is round and wide;

Characteristics milking parlor "Carousel" SAC with outside milking:

• Fully new design cow friendly;
• Available in both galvanized and stainless steel;
• The swivel base comes with both concrete and non-slip rubber surfaces;
• Adjustable length of the milking place;
• Optimized milk flow ensures high quality milk from the nipple into the cooling tank;
• Improved place for milker;
• Optimal position of the teat cup;
• New hose guides ensure the ideal position of the teat cup below the cow;
• The Quickstart function minimizes the load on the cow;
• The touch screen provides a complete overview of milking from start to finish.

External diameter of the milking parlor:

Advantages SAC Carousel platforms:

• The drive device ensures smooth movement of the Carousel platform without additional vibrations. In milking parlors with 40 places or more, SAC installs 2 drives. So, if one drive suddenly stops working, the other drive will take over control of the Carousel;
• Nylon wheels under the carousel ensure that there is no vibration when the carousel moves. This means that, if necessary, the Carousel platform can be moved manually;
• The diameter of the carousel is one of the smallest on the market, which means less square meters inside the building are needed to accommodate the Carousel and, accordingly, a reduction in construction costs;
• The concrete on the platform provides a non-slip surface for the cows;
• Costs for Maintenance SAC carousels are small;
• It is easy for milkmaids to work with cows, since the cows are very well positioned on the milking parlor platform, and the animals cannot fall off the platform due to the presence of a pipe around it.

The specific specification of the Karusel milking parlor is selected in full accordance with the individual wishes of the farmer.

More detailed information You can find out about the parts of milking equipment by clicking on the appropriate category:

Milking platform. Reliable, stable, rotating platform. The external "Carousel" SAC is made from highly reliable materials and is designed for 24/7 operation. Designed for large herds due to high productivity, but also during the development, a significant role was given to the comfort of the animal during milking. Milking can be performed simultaneously by 2 or more milkers. The platform is made of concrete and is perfectly balanced, allowing the animals to stand stable and safe during milking. The cows are guided through a 3 m long passage. Depending on the size, the Carousel has at least 1 double drive station with a constantly changing rotation speed. The nylon platform wheels, which are an important part of the system, provide low grip and soft rolling, resulting in a smooth ride of the entire platform during milking. IDC with Quickstart are located in such a way that they provide convenient workplace milkmaid Also included in the delivery package of the “Carousel” is an anti-clamping system with water spray, which provides maximum safety for animals leaving the installation platform.

• . The UNIWASH automatic washing machine has a large number of useful programs and functions that are its distinctive feature. We can confidently say that this is one of the best devices for washing milking equipment;

• Automatic opening and closing function of the bracket for washing equipment

• . Choice of SACCO oil pump or UNIPUMP oil-free pump. The UNIPUMP pump rotors do not touch because they are synchronized by a closed gear train. Therefore, unlike conventional vacuum pumps, this pump does not require lubrication;

• And . Distinctive feature The advantage of the teat cup remover/milk counter IDC is that everything is in one device (measuring part, control, electronics). As a result, fewer breakdowns. The suspension part and teat rubber are gentle on milk and animals. As a result, milk fat globules remain unchanged, and the incidence of mastitis and other diseases decreases;

• . The milker can adjust the height of the floor in the milking pit for ease of milking;

Holding bolt, allowing you to leave the cow for the second round of milking. For example, if the milker wants to check the cow again after milking. The gate ensures that the cow cannot exit the carousel at the exit. This system is ideal especially in cases where the farmer does not want the cow to end up in the breeding area;

• . Reuse of water used when washing the milking parlor to wash the floor/equipment after milking;
• 
  Upon entering the carousel, the cow passes through a fully automatic teat pre-treatment system. The applied product covers the udder and makes it more pliable for subsequent processing. wet wipes. Excellent preparation has been made before milking begins. When the cow leaves the carousel, the milker is confident that, having passed through the fully automatic teat treatment system, her udder has been treated with the necessary disinfectant and is protected from contamination and infection.

• Optionally, SAC is installed in milking parlors latest program herd management TIM, which allows you to accurately calculate the economic costs of keeping cows (feed, medicines, vaccines, etc.), as well as analyze what needs to be done to improve economic performance on the farm;
• Activity sensors( or data transfer when animals pass for milking) and sensors on the animal's ear/neck/legs. New way identification in the milking parlor - . This method allows you to increase the percentage of correct identification of animals at the milking point up to 100%.

• . Facilitates milking parlor management. The touch monitor allows you to monitor and control the situation in the milking parlor from one workstation (there is no need to monitor each milking counter separately). Readings on milk yield, animals, correctness of putting on milking machines, identification errors and much more are visible. Here you can mark the cow to go to a separate zone when leaving the milking parlor through the selection gate, adjust the numbering of cows in case of incorrect identification, and more;

• . Cows are separated after leaving the milking parlor into a separate area;

• . Allows you to separate milk from problem cows into a separate container;

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