Project 1234 missile boat. Passat, small missile ship. Radio engineering complex system "Titanit"

It has been repeatedly noted that in the USSR Navy there was an amazing dependence: the smaller the warship, the more useful it was.
It is still not clear what the heavy aircraft-carrying cruisers of the USSR Navy were. Huge ships with a displacement of under 50 thousand tons left behind only bitter disappointment: high complexity and high cost, lack of coastal infrastructure for their deployment and, in general, unclear purpose made the TAVKRs ineffective and, simply put, useless - none of the tasks originally assigned to them TAVKRs could not solve, and those tasks that were within their power were solved in much cheaper and more effective ways.

Soviet cruisers and BODs acted much more confidently. The ships carried out combat service in all corners of the World Ocean, were regularly in combat zones and vigilantly monitored the forces of the “potential enemy”. Some even managed to “touch” the enemy alive: in 1988, the modest 2nd rank BOD (sentry craft) “Selfless” struck the deck of the missile cruiser USS Yorktown with a steel squall, demolishing half of its side, a crew boat and the Mk-141 installation for launching the Harpoon anti-ship missile. . American sailors had to postpone cruises on the Black Sea until better times.

Today, the "Selfless" rests on the bottom, and US Navy ships are free to conduct Sea Breeze exercises in the Black Sea. The Montreux Convention prohibits the presence of warships of non-Black Sea states in the Black Sea for more than 21 days, but the formality does not bother the Americans much - once every three weeks, ships go to the Sea of ​​Marmara and return back a few hours later. Thus, the US Navy rescue vessel Grasp has been conducting diving operations in the Odessa port since May 2012.

If the ships of the main classes adequately represented the interests of the USSR in the vast ocean, then Soviet-built missile boats, to use Internet jargon, simply burned. They literally burned destroyers, transport ships, boats... Any enemy was used up. Small ships were actively supplied to the navies of third world countries, which further increased the likelihood of their combat use.
Sometimes I think that the sinking of the destroyer Eilat is given too much importance - the missile boats have other wonderful victories. For example, the daring raids on Karachi by missile boats of the Indian Navy (Soviet Ave. 205) in December 1970. Several Pakistani warships and three transports were sunk. At the end, there was a magnificent fireworks display - P-15 missiles blew up 12 huge tanks of an oil storage facility located on the shore.
The development of electronics and rocket technology has made it possible to create an even more formidable one. The evolution of missile boats in the USSR led to the creation of a completely new class of warships - a small missile ship project with an easy-to-remember code 1234.

Gadfly

A clot of combat matter with a total displacement of 700 tons. Full speed 35 knots. The cruising range at economic speed allows you to cross the Atlantic Ocean (4000 miles at 12 knots). Crew – 60 people.
It is no coincidence that the MRK pr.1234 was called “the pistol at the temple of imperialism.” The main caliber is six launchers of P-120 Malachite anti-ship missiles! The name of the complex directly indicates the estimated firing range - 120 km. The starting weight of the monstrous ammunition is 5.4 tons. The mass of the warhead is 500 kg, some of the missiles were equipped with a special warhead. The rocket's cruising speed is 0.9M.

Even with the naked eye it is noticeable how overloaded the ship is with weapons and combat systems. As for the sober assessment of the MRK Project 1234, the sailors were in two minds about these ships: on the one hand, the salvo is equal in power to several Hiroshimas, on the other hand - low survivability, poor seaworthiness and very little chance of reaching missile attack range. The US Navy command was skeptical about the “missile frigates”: AUG aircraft survey 100 thousand square kilometers of space in an hour - the Russians must be great optimists to expect to approach undetected. The situation was aggravated by a standard problem in naval combat - target designation and guidance. The RTO's own radio-electronic equipment allows it to detect surface targets at a range of the radio horizon (30-40 km). Firing missiles at full range is possible with the presence of external target designation means (for example, Tu-95RTs aircraft). And yet, the enormous power of these small ships forced even the US 6th Fleet to reckon with them. Since 1975, small missile ships began to be regularly included in the 5th operational squadron of the Black Sea Fleet: numerous and ubiquitous, they created many problems for American sailors.
Despite its direct purpose - to fight against ships of a “probable enemy” in closed seas and the near ocean zone - MRK pr. 1234 successfully carried out tasks to protect the state border, provided combat training for aviation and navy, and were even used as anti-submarine ships, while not having on board specialized anti-submarine equipment.

SAM "Osa-M"

The hull dimensions of the export ships Project 1234E remained the same. The power plant consisted of three diesel engines with a capacity of 8600 hp. s, providing a full speed of 34 knots. (the basic project had engines with a power of 10 thousand hp.) The crew was reduced to 49 people. To improve the living conditions of the crew, air conditioners and an additional refrigerator were installed for the first time on export modifications of MRKs.

MRK Algerian Navy "Reis Ali" pr. 1234E

Results in the shooting range: Ivanov → milk, Petrov → milk, Sidorov → Petrov

Many of the P-15 missiles that served their service life ended their careers as aerial targets to provide combat training for anti-aircraft gunners. When the missile was transformed into an RM-15M target, the homing head on it was turned off, and the warhead was replaced with ballast. On April 14, 1987, the Pacific Fleet conducted combat training to practice repelling a missile attack. Everything happened in all seriousness: the Monsoon MRK, the Vikhr MRK and MPK No. 117 formed a warrant at which missile boats fired from a distance of 21 km.
It is still not clear how this could have happened. Self-defense means were unable to repel the attack, and a target missile with an inert warhead hit the superstructure of the Monsoon MRK. Some witnesses to the tragedy were under the impression that the homing head of the target missile was not turned off. This was evidenced by the rocket’s flight path and its “behavior” at the final stage. Hence the conclusion was drawn: the base committed criminal negligence by forgetting to turn off the missile seeker. The official version says that somehow by chance, flying along a ballistic trajectory, the missile hit the Monsoon missile launcher without aiming. The invisible hand of providence, the ship was destined to die on this day.

The death of "Monsoon"

Having checked the temperature of the bulkheads in the area of ​​the 33rd frame, behind which there was a cellar with anti-aircraft missiles, and making sure that the bulkheads were hot, the sailors realized that there was nothing they could do to help the ship.
At night, the Monsoon MRK sank 33 miles south of the island. Askold, carrying the charred bodies of 39 people to a depth of 3 kilometers.

After the death of the guided-missile destroyer Sheffield in 1982 from an unexploded Exocet missile, Western military experts came to the conclusion that a large number of various flammable materials, in particular aluminum alloys, contributed to the rapid spread of fire. Since 1985, the superstructures of American ships have been covered with silicate felt insulation combined with fiberglass. English engineers developed an insulation called "contflame" to protect structures from fire. Nevertheless, AMG alloys are still widely used in ship construction.

And this could be called an accident, but apparently once was not enough. On April 19, 1990, combat training was carried out in the Baltic to practice repelling a missile attack. Under similar circumstances, a target missile hit the Meteor missile launcher, knocking out several antennas on the ship's superstructure. If it had flown a little lower, the tragedy could have repeated itself.

"Missile corvettes" in battle

During the Gulf of Sidra incident (1986), the American cruiser USS Yorktown (the same Black Sea “hero”) discovered a small target 20 miles from Benghazi. It was the Libyan Ein Zakuit MRK, which crept up on the Americans in radio silence, imitating a fishing boat. Even a short-term (only two turns of the antenna) activation of the radar unmasked the small missile ship and thwarted the attack. The launch of two Harpoon missiles set the MRK on fire and sank after 15 minutes. There is still no exact description of that battle: some sources attribute the death of the RTO to the successful actions of carrier-based aircraft. The Americans also call another small missile ship destroyed by planes “Vokhod”. It is reliably known that another MRK “Ein Mara” was damaged in this battle - it had to undergo emergency repairs with the elimination of battle damage at the Primorsky plant in Leningrad, in 1991 it returned to the Libyan fleet under the name “Tariq ibn Ziyad "

"Ein Zakuit"

The naval battle off the coast of Abkhazia on August 10, 2008 became the first serious military engagement of the Russian Navy in the 21st century. Here is a brief chronology of those events:
On the night of August 7-8, 2008, a detachment of ships of the Black Sea Fleet set out to sea from Sevastopol Bay and headed for Sukhumi. The detachment included the large landing ship "Caesar Kunikov" with a reinforced company of marines on board, and its security - the Mirage MRK and the small anti-submarine ship "Muromets". Already on the campaign, they were joined by the large landing ship "Saratov", which departed from Novorossiysk.
On August 10, five fast Georgian boats left the port of Poti to meet them. Their task is to attack and sink our ships. The attack tactics are known: fast small boats equipped with powerful anti-ship missiles suddenly strike a large landing ship and leave. If everything goes well, the result is “shock and awe.” Hundreds of dead paratroopers, a burned-out ship and Saakashvili’s victorious reports: “We prevented intervention,” “The Russians don’t have a fleet, they are not capable of anything.” But everything turned out the other way around. Vesti managed to collect detailed information from the participants in this battle:
18 hours 39 minutes. Russian radar reconnaissance detected several high-speed naval targets moving on a combat course towards the formation of our ships.
18.40. The enemy boats approached a critical distance. Then a salvo from the A-215 Grad MLRS was fired from the flagship Caesar Kunikov. This does not stop the Georgians, they increase speed and try to reach the so-called “dead zone”, where missile weapons are useless. The Mirage small missile ship receives an order to destroy the enemy. The distance to the target is 35 kilometers. Preparations for the strike, calculations - everything was done in just a few minutes. A sea battle is always fleeting.
18.41. The Mirage commander gives the command “Volley!” The first missile hit the target. A few seconds later - the second one. The flight time to the Georgian boat “Tbilisi” is only 1 minute 20 seconds. The distance between opponents is about 25 kilometers.
The first missile hits the engine room of the boat "Tbilisi". A second later - another report - the second hit the wheelhouse. There was a strong flare on our ship's radar for 30 seconds, which means the complete destruction of the target, accompanied by a large release of thermal energy.
18.50. The Mirage commander gives the command to change position. The ship moves towards the shore at high speed, makes a U-turn and returns to its combat course. The radar shows only 4 targets. One of them, a Georgian boat, having increased its speed, is again approaching our ship. "Mirage" opens fire from the "Osa" air defense system.
At this time, the distance was reduced to 15 kilometers. The missile hits the side of the Georgian boat, which immediately started smoking, slowed down and tried to leave the line of fire. The remaining Georgian ships leave the battle, turning sharply in the opposite direction. The Mirage does not pursue a downed enemy; there is no order to finish it off.

From the report of the commander of the Mirage missile launcher to the flagship: “Of the five targets, one was destroyed, one was damaged, three left the battle. Missile consumption: anti-ship - two, anti-aircraft - one, no casualties among personnel. There is no damage to the ship."

As of 2012, the Russian Navy has 10 MRK Project 1234.1 and 1 MRK Project 1234.7. Considering the difficult state of the Russian Navy, these modest ships are a good support - their operation does not require large expenses, at the same time, they have fully retained their combat qualities, which was once again confirmed by the naval battle off the coast of Abkhazia.
The main thing is not to set impossible tasks for small missile ships; other means must be used to counter aircraft carrier strike groups.

MRK "Zyb" at the parade in St. Petersburg

Project 1234 ships are designed to combat warships and merchant ships of a potential enemy on closed seas and in the near ocean zone. “The high firepower of the Malachite complex determined the desire of Soviet admirals to push small missile ships into the Mediterranean Sea,” where, starting in the spring of 1975, they regularly carried out combat service as part of the 5th Mediterranean squadron of naval ships.

During their combat service, the ships of the project were also involved in a number of tasks that were unusual for their direct purpose - they provided combat training for submarines, aviation, and air defense troops; acted as anti-submarine ships and rescue ships; guarded the maritime state border of the USSR, were the hosts of visits by ships of the navies of foreign states.

Construction and testing

The construction of small rocket ships of Project 1234 began in 1967 at the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard (17 units built) and since 1973 at the Vladivostok Shipyard (3 units built). Until April 25, 1970, the first two small missile ships built in Leningrad bore only a digital tactical name: the lead "MRK-3", the first production hull - "MRK-7". Subsequent ships were assigned “weather” names, traditional for Soviet patrol ships of the Great Patriotic War, and for their “weather” names they were called the “bad weather division.” The last three ships of project 1234, built in Leningrad, did not join the USSR Navy, but were immediately converted according to the export project 1234E for the Indian Navy.

The lead ship of the project ("Storm") by the fall of 1969 was transferred along inland waterways to the Black Sea and for fifteen months, starting from March 27, 1970, participated in joint tests, during which it carried out 20 launches with the Malachite missile system " Of these launches, four launches were emergency, six launches were assessed as partially successful (the missiles fell into the sea, missing 100-200 m from the target), during the remaining 10 launches (50%) a direct hit was achieved, including during the last firing , carried out in a three-missile salvo on June 20, 1971. Based on these tests, on March 17, 1972, the Malachite complex was adopted for service on surface ships.

During the Crimea-76 exercises, held in the summer of 1976, at a meeting of the leadership of the 5th Mediterranean squadron of ships of the USSR Navy in the presence of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy S.G. Gorshkov, the commander of the 166th division of small missile ships, Captain 2nd Rank Prutskov, made several proposals for the modernization of Project 1234 ships. The division commander proposed: moving the Osa-M air defense system from the bow to the stern, where it was less susceptible to being overwhelmed by waves in stormy weather, installing a jamming station and a 76-mm automatic artillery mount for self-defense; establish bread baking on ships by installing fire ovens, like on destroyers. The Commander-in-Chief promised to take these proposals into account, and subsequently all of them (except for the proposal to change the location of the air defense system) were implemented on ships of Project 1234.1.

The second series of ships of Project 1234 (or Project 1234.1) was built at the same factories as the first: fifteen ships were built at the Primorsky Shipyard and four at the Vladivostok Shipyard. The remaining seven ships of Project 1234E (out of ten) were built at the Vympel shipyard in Rybinsk.

A total of 47 ships of Project 1234 and its modifications were built: 17 units of Project 1234, 10 units of Project 1234E (export), 19 units of Project 1234.1 and one ship of Project 1234.7 (“Nakat”).

Hull and superstructure

The Project 1234 ship's hull is smooth-deck, has boat-like lines, and is also slightly sheer; assembled using a longitudinal casting system from high-strength ship steel MK-35. Over most of its length, the hull has a double bottom and is divided into ten watertight compartments by nine bulkheads (on frames 11, 19, 25, 33, 41, 46, 57, 68 and 80), the transom is located along the 87th frame. Two bulkheads (on the 11th and 46th frames) and the transom are entirely made of steel grades 10 KhSN D or 10 KhSN 2D (SHL-45), for the remaining bulkheads the lower part is made of steel grade SHL-45, and the upper part is made of aluminum -magnesium alloy grade AMg61. Parts of bulkheads made of AMg61 are connected to steel parts and bottom, side and deck coamings using rivets made of AMg5P alloy on insulating pads.

The superstructure of the island-type ship is made of three tiers and is located in the middle part of the hull. It is made of aluminum-magnesium alloy AMg61, with the exception of gas traps. The internal bulkheads are also made of light alloy, and the connection of the light baffles with the steel body is made using bimetallic inserts for corrosion protection. Service and living quarters are located in the superstructure, on the main deck and on the upper and lower platforms. The height of the railing posts located on the sides of the ship in the area from the 1st to the 32nd and from the 42nd to the 87th frames does not exceed 900 mm.

The ship's mast consists of a four-legged truss-type foremast, made of light alloy pipes and more developed on Project 1234.1 ships. On the foremast there are radio and communications antennas, signal halyards and navigation lights, and radar antennas.

The standard displacement of ships of the basic design is 580 tons (according to other sources - 610 tons), the total displacement is 670-710 tons. The maximum length of the ships reached 59.3 m (54.0 m along the design waterline), the maximum width was 11.8 m (8.86 m at the waterline). The average draft along the design waterline is 3.02 m. The standard displacement of ships of project 1234.1 is 640 tons, the total is 730 tons. The greatest length of the ships reached 59.3 m (54.0 m along the design waterline), the greatest width is 11.8 m (8.96 m at the waterline). The average draft along the design waterline is 3.08 m.

Power plant

The main power plant (GPU) of Project 1234 ships and its modifications is made using a traditional echelon layout and is located in two engine rooms (MO) - bow and stern. In the bow compartment there are two 112-cylinder four-stroke main engines M-507A, driving the side shafts, and in the aft compartment there is one M-507A engine, driving the middle propeller. Each of the main engines consists of two seven-block (eight cylinders per block, cylinder diameter 16 cm, piston stroke 17 cm) star-shaped 56-cylinder diesel engines of the M-504B brand). Diesel engines are connected to each other through a gearbox; The main engines each drive their own fixed-pitch propeller. The screws protrude 1350 mm below the main line. The diameter of each of the three propellers is 2.5 m. The engine life exceeds 6000 hours at a crankshaft speed of 2000 rpm. The power of each engine is 10,000 hp. s., weight - 17 tons. During operation, the first installed engines had design flaws: the oil in the main engines had to be changed after 100 hours, and their service life was only 500 hours; When the engines were running, there was gas pollution in the rooms from their exhaust. Subsequently, these shortcomings were eliminated, and the oil began to be changed three times less often.

The power of the power plant allows the ship to reach a full speed of 35 knots (34 knots on ships of projects 1234.1 and 1234.7), although some ships exceeded this figure. For example, while during exercises, the small missile ship Zarnitsa repeatedly showed a full speed of 37-38 knots. Combat economic (operational-economic) speed - 18 knots, economic speed - 12 knots. The cruising range at full speed reached 415 nautical miles, the combat economic speed - 1600 nautical miles (1500 for ships of projects 1234.1 and 1234.7), the 12-knot economic speed - 4000 nautical miles (3700 for ships of projects 1234.1 and 1234.7) or 7280 km.

The ship is also equipped with two DG-300 diesel generators with a power of 300 kW each (both in the aft MO) and one DGR-75/1500 diesel generator with a power of 100 kW. The two MOs also housed a 650-liter consumable fuel tank, a 1,600-liter consumable oil tank, a TS-70 cooling system thermostat, and DGR-300/1500 mufflers.

Steering gear

To control the ship's course, a steering device is provided, consisting of a two-cylinder steering machine "R-32" with a piston drive for two rudders and a control system "Python-211". The steering gear is equipped with two electrically driven variable-displacement oil pumps. The main one is located in the afterpeak, the spare one is in the tiller compartment. Both hollow balance rudders have a streamlined shape; The rudder blade is made of SHL-45 steel. The maximum angle of maximum rotation of the rudders from the middle position to the side is 37.5°, the time for shifting the rudders to an angle of 70° is no more than 15 seconds. Both steering wheels can operate in anti-roll mode.

Mooring device

The mooring device consists of capstans, bollards, bale strips, views and mooring ropes. In the bow of the ship there is an anchor-mooring electro-hydraulic capstan SHEG-12 with a steel cable extraction speed of 23.5 mm in diameter of about 20 m/min and a traction force of 3000 kg. At the stern of the ship there is a mooring capstan ShZ with a hauling speed of about 15 m/min and a tractive effort of 2000 kg. On the deck of the ship in the area of ​​the 14th, 39th and 81st frames there are six bollards with pedestals with a diameter of 200 mm. The same number of bales with markings are located in the area of ​​the 11th, 57th and 85th frames. Three views are installed at the bow and stern, as well as on the forepeak platform. Each ship is supplied with four 220m long mooring lines and two chain stoppers.

Anchor device

The ship's anchor system includes a SHEG-12 capstan, a Hall bow anchor weighing 900 kg, a high-strength anchor chain with spacers of 28 mm caliber and a length of 200 m; two chain stoppers, deck and anchor fairleads and a chain locker located under the forepeak platform). The anchor device provides anchorage at depths of up to 50 m with the etching of the anchor and anchor chain at a speed of 23 m/min or 5 m/min when the anchor approaches the fairlead. The anchor capstan control panel is located in the pilothouse, and the manual control column is located on the deck (on the breakwater on the port side).

Towing device

The towing device of Project 1234 ships consists of a bollard with bollards with a diameter of 300 mm (located in the center plane in the area of ​​the 13th frame), a bale bar with rollers in the DP (area of ​​the 1st frame), a towing hook in the DP at the stern of the transom, a towing arc, 100 mm nylon towing rope 150 m long and a towing eye in the forepeak.

Rescue devices

The life-saving devices on the ship are represented by five PSN-10M life rafts (for 10 people each), placed on the roof of the first tier of the superstructure, four lifebuoys located on the side of the wheelhouse in the area of ​​the 41st frame and the 1st tier of the superstructure in the area of ​​71- frame, as well as individual life jackets ISS (provided for all crew members).

On the first ships of the project, the crew boat "Chirok" with a capacity of 5 people (including the helmsman) could be taken into overload as a rescue vehicle. The boat was placed on two Sh6I/YAL-6 type davits, located on the deck on the port side behind the gas deflector. However, the boat and davits were often damaged by flames from anti-ship missile launches, and therefore they were dismantled in the late 1970s; They were no longer used on Project 1234 ships.

Seaworthiness

Small rocket ships of Project 1234 have satisfactory controllability on the wave at the bow heading angles, but at the stern heading angles the ships do not obey the rudder well, “rolling” appears and a large yaw begins along the course. At low speeds with sea waves up to 4-5 points, the flooding and splashing of the deck and superstructure are not too significant, and there is no flooding of the air intake shafts. At speeds over 14 knots, the spray reaches the roof of the pilothouse. Seaworthiness for using weapons - 5 points. The initial metacentric height is 2.37 m, the coefficient of lateral stability is 812 tm, the heeling moment is 19.8 tm/°. With standard displacement, the buoyancy reserve reaches 1835 m³.

Small missile ships of Project 1234 have good maneuverability: the turn time for 360 ° does not exceed 200 s (with a rudder angle of 25 °), the diameter of the tactical circulation does not exceed 30 ship lengths. The travel distance to a complete stop from full speed is no more than 75 ship lengths; an emergency stop is possible in 55 seconds.

Habitability

The number of personal crew of Project 1234 small missile ships is 60 people, including 9 officers and 14 petty officers. The crew size of Project 1234.1 ships was increased by four people (an officer and 3 sailors); on the only Project 1234.7 ship, the crew size was increased by one more sailor and reached 65 people.

The commander's cabin is located at the bow end of the first tier of the superstructure (in the area of ​​frames 25-32). It is divided into three rooms: an office, a bedroom and a bathroom. The foremen's wardroom can be used as an operating room if necessary. On the upper platform in the area of ​​frames 33-41 there are three double and two single officer cabins; in the area of ​​frames 24-33 there are one six-berth and two four-berth cabins for foremen (midshipmen). The team is housed in two cockpits: a 27-seater one on the upper platform (in the area of ​​frames 11-24) and a ten-seater one in the area of ​​frames 11-19.

In order to improve the habitability of personnel, three types of insulating structures were used in the design of the ship's hull: to protect against penetrating impulse noise (plates of elastic PVC-E foam plastic reinforced with PVC-1 foam plastic plates), to reduce airborne noise (VT-4 mats with filling sheets of light alloy) and to protect rooms from cooling (slabs of various grades of foam plastic and expanded polystyrene, thermal insulation mats made of staple and nylon fiber).

Autonomy in terms of provisions - 10 days. On the ships of the Black Sea Fleet, which served in the Mediterranean Sea and were supplied with food irregularly, bakeries were installed, which were not initially provided for by the project.

Specifications

Video

In terms of architecture, the smooth-deck hull of the ship, Project 1234, has boat-like contours, a slight sheerness, a longitudinal framing system and is made of high-strength ship steel MK-35. The hull has a double bottom along most of its length and is divided by nine bulkheads into 10 watertight compartments. Bulkheads are located on frames 11, 19, 25, 33, 41, 46, 57, 68 and 80, on frames 87. - transom. The lower part of the bulkheads is made of steel grade 10 KHSN 2D (SHL-45), and the upper part is made of aluminum-magnesium alloy grade AMg61. Only the bulkheads on frames 11, 46 and the transom are made entirely of steel grades 10 KHSN D or 10 KHSN 2D (SHL-45).

Video of the project 1234 ship code “Gadfly”

The extruded profiles are made of AMg61 alloy, and the attachment of bulkhead parts made of AMg61 to steel parts and to steel bottom, side and deck coamings was carried out with rivets made of AMg5P alloy on insulating gaskets. The dialing system is longitudinal. The ship must remain afloat if any two adjacent compartments are flooded. The three-tier island-type superstructure is located in the middle part of the hull and is made of AMg61 alloy (except for gas traps). Internal bulkheads are also made of AMg61, and to protect against corrosion, the connection of light baffles with the steel hull is made using bimetallic inserts. Service and living quarters are located in the superstructure, on the main deck and on two (upper and lower) platforms. The mast is represented by one four-legged truss-type foremast, made of light alloy pipes and more developed on ships of Project 1234.1. The mast contains radio and communications antennas, signal halyards and navigation lights, and radar station antennas. The height of the railing posts does not exceed 900 mm (areas 1-32 sp. and 42-87 sp.).
To improve the habitability of the ship's personnel, 3 types of insulating structures are used in the hull design: the first is protection from penetrating impulse noise. PVC-E elastic foam plastic slabs reinforced with PVC-1 foam plastic plates were used (on the deck - in the area of ​​25-44 sp.; on the sides - in the area of ​​32-46 sp.; on bulkheads - in the area of ​​32, 44, 46 sp.) ; on the 1st tier of the superstructure, on the outside there are 2 tiers of the superstructure and wheelhouse, the second - soundproofing structures to reduce airborne noise. VT-4 mats were used, followed by filling with sheets of light alloy (in the area of ​​bulkheads at 44 and 46 spans; on the NMO ceiling in the area of ​​46-51 spans), the third - thermal insulation to protect the premises from cooling. PVC-1, PVC-E foam boards, PSB-S polystyrene foam boards and FS-7-2 foam boards, as well as heat-insulating mats made from staple and nylon fiber VT-4 were used. The commander's cabin is located at the bow end of the first tier of the superstructure (area 25-32) and consists of an office, a bedroom and a bathroom. The foremen's wardroom can be used as an operating room if necessary.

Shipbuilding elements of MRK project 1234 code "Gadfly"

Displacement:
- standard 580t (according to other sources - 610t)
- total 670t (according to other sources - 700t)

Main dimensions:
- maximum length 59.3 m
- length no KBJ1 54.0 m
- maximum width 11.8 m
- width along the vertical line 8.86 m
- average draft along the vertical line is 3.02 m

Power plant

The main power plant is located in two engine rooms (MO) - bow and stern. In the bow MO there are two M-507A main engines driving the side shafts, and in the stern there is one M-507A engine driving the middle propeller. Each of the main engines consists of two seven-block (8 cylinders per block) star-shaped 56-cylinder diesel engines of the M-504B type, connected to each other through a gearbox and driving their own propeller. According to GOST brands, the M-507A engine is designated as 112ChSPN 16/17, which stands for: 112-cylinder, four-stroke, marine with a reverse clutch, with a gear transmission, supercharged, with a cylinder diameter of 16 cm and a piston stroke of 17 cm. At a crankshaft rotation speed of 2000 rpm, the engine life exceeds 6000 hours. The weight of the M-507A engine is 17 tons, the power of each engine is 10,000 hp. Diesels operate on three fixed pitch propellers (FPH), and propellers with a diameter of 2.5 m protrude 1350 mm below the main line.

Full speed on MRK pr. 1234 code “Gadfly”

Reached 35 knots, but some ships easily exceeded this figure. Thus, the Zarnitsa MRK more than once showed a full speed of 37-38 knots during exercises. The economic speed was 12 knots.

Cruising range

At full speed the range did not exceed 415 miles. At a cruising speed of 18 knots (combat economic speed), the cruising range was 1,600 miles. When sailing economically, the cruising range increased to 4000 miles.

Navigation autonomy - 10 days.

Electricity sources

As sources of electricity, the MRK is equipped with two 300 kW diesel generators (one DG-300 is located in the aft MO) and one DGR-75/1500 diesel generator with 100 kW capacity. The engine rooms also contain: a 650-liter consumable fuel tank, a 1,600-liter consumable oil tank, a TS-70 cooling system thermostat, and DGR-300/1500 mufflers.

Anchor device on the MRK project 1234 code “Gadfly”

Represented by an anchor-mooring electro-hydraulic capstan SHEG-12 (the control station is located on the breakwater on the port side), a Hall bow anchor weighing 900 kg, an anchor chain with a length of 200 m (high-strength chain with spacers, 28 mm caliber), chain stoppers, deck and anchor fairleads, chain locker (located under the forepeak platform). The SHEG-12 capstan provides anchorage at depths of up to 50 m with etching or retrieving the anchor and anchor chain at a speed of 23 m/min (when the anchor approaches the fairlead, the speed decreases to 5 m/min). The capstan control panel is also located in the pilothouse, and the manual control column is located on the deck near the capstan.

Mooring device

In the bow of the RTO, a SHEG-12 capstan is used with a cable withdrawal speed of about 20 n/min (steel cables with a diameter of 23.5 mm are used) and a tractive force of 3000 kg. At the stern of the ship there is a mooring capstan ShZ with a retrieval speed of about
15 m/min and traction force 2000 kg. On the deck of the MRK there are six bollards with pedestals (200 mm in diameter), welded to the deck in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe 14th, 39th and 81st lines. Six bales with bastings are located in the area of ​​the 11th, 57th and 85th sp. Three views are installed in the bow, stern and on the forepeak platform. The MRK is equipped with four mooring cables with a mine length of 220 m each and two chain stoppers.

Ship towing device

Represented by a towing bollard with bollards with a diameter of 300 mm (located in the center plane in the area of ​​the 13th shank), a bale bar with rollers in the DP (area of ​​the 1st shp), a towing hook in the DP (at the stern near the transom), a towing bar, a towing a nylon rope 150 m long (100 mm in circumference) and a towing eye in the forepeak.

MRK steering device

Designed to control the ship's course using the R-32 electro-hydraulic steering machine (with a piston drive for two rudders) and the Python-211 control system. The two-cylinder steering gear is equipped with two electrically driven oil pumps of variable capacity (the main one in the afterpeak, the spare one in the tiller compartment). Two hollow balancing rudders have a streamlined shape (the rudder blade is made of SHL-45 steel). The maximum angle of maximum rotation of the rudders from the middle position to the side is 37.5 degrees. The time for shifting the rudders to an angle of 70 degrees does not exceed 15 seconds. For the first time on ships of this class, two rudders are provided for operation in the anti-roll mode.

Rescue devices

On the roof of the 1st tier of the superstructure, behind the wheelhouse there are 5 PSN-10M life rafts (for 10 people each), there are 4 lifebuoys (in the area of ​​41 sp. on the wheelhouse and 1st tier of the superstructure - 71 sp. on both sides). Each crew member has individual ISS life jackets. On the first RTOs (in overload), a crew boat "Chirok" with a capacity for 5 people, including the helmsman, was used as a rescue vehicle. On the deck, on the left side (behind the gas deflector), there were two davits of the ShbI/YAL-6 type. Due to the fact that the boat and davits were often damaged by a jet of flame during P-120 missile launches, in the late 70s. they were dismantled and were no longer used on ships of this project.

Fire-fighting equipment

The MRK had a liquid fire extinguishing system ZhS-52 to extinguish fuel and fuel fires in engine rooms using freon 114B2. Freon is a highly toxic colorless liquid with a density of 2.18 g/cm\ Its boiling point does not exceed 46 C, and its freezing point is minus 112 "C, the reaction is neutral, chemical name: tetrafluoro-dibromoethane. Supplied by the Kirovochepetsk plant from the Kirov region The system had two manual control posts (in each MO), two tanks with a capacity of 45 liters of freon and two 10-liter tanks with high pressure air (HP). The freon was released into the engine room by displacing it with compressed air under a pressure of 8 kgf/cm:. To extinguish small fires with air foam, there was an air-foam fire extinguishing system S0-500. 50 liters of foaming agent PO-1 (foaming agent) and 10 liters of compressed air in the tank were stored in a special tank. The mixture was 4% foaming agent and 96% water. For maintenance These two fire extinguishing systems had a ship's compressed air system (pressure 150 kgf/cm2).

Maneuverability and seaworthiness

The ships have good maneuverability: the diameter of the tactical circulation does not exceed 30 ship lengths, the time for turning 360 degrees does not exceed 200 s (the rudder angle is 25 degrees). Inertia: the travel distance to a complete stop from full speed does not exceed 75 ship lengths. Emergency stop - in 55 s. Controllability on waves at bow heading angles is satisfactory. At the aft heading angles, a “licking” effect occurs, the ship does not obey the rudder well, there is a lot of yaw along the course, and “rolling” appears. At all heading angles with sea waves up to 45 points, the flooding and splashing of the deck and superstructures are insignificant, and there is no flooding of the air intake shafts, but at speeds over 14 knots, the spray reaches the roof of the pilothouse. The buoyancy reserve with a standard displacement reaches 1835 m3. The initial transverse metacentric height is -2.37 m. The coefficient of transverse stability is 812 tm. Heeling moment -19.8 tm/deg. Seaworthiness - 5 points.

Crew and habitability

The regular number of personnel on small missile ships Project 1234 was 60 people, including 9 officers and 14 petty officers. On the upper platform there were three double and two single officer cabins in the area of ​​33 - 41, one six-berth and two four-berth senior cabins in the area of ​​24 - 33, a crew quarters for 27 people in the area of ​​11-24. On the lower platform there was a crew quarters for 10 people in the area of ​​11-19th units.

Project 1234 strike missile weapon code "Gadfly"

The main weapons of the Gadflies were six P-120 Malachite anti-ship cruise missiles (index 4K-85), placed side by side on the upper deck in two built-in non-targeting container launchers.
The development of the Malachite solid-fuel cruise missile was entrusted to OKB-52 according to Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 250-89 of February 28, 1963. The missile had a universal solid-fuel launch unit and a new control system APLI-5 (developed by NII-101). The principle of automatic guidance was retained, noise immunity was increased (an additional thermal homing head was introduced) and target targeting selectivity was increased. The preliminary design of the rocket was completed in September 1963, and the preliminary design was completed by February of the following year. The first factory samples, manufactured at Plant No. 301 named after Lavochkin, arrived for testing at the beginning of 1968. The first stage of flight design tests of the Malachite anti-ship missile system was carried out from September 25, 1968 to February 1969. The rocket was launched without radio equipment from a ground-based launcher. In July-September 1969, three missile launches were carried out from the PSA floating stand, converted according to the PSP-120 project. The stand with the rocket was towed from Balaklava to the test site at Cape Fiolent and there it was installed on four barrels and then submerged to 50 m. All launches were successful. In July-October 1969, four missile launches were carried out from a coastal installation, and from March to August 1970, six launches were made by the lead in the Ovodov series - the Burya MRK. Of the ten indicated launches, 5 direct hits were noted. From September 10, 1970 to 1972, fourteen test launches of the P-120 Malachite anti-ship missile system were carried out from the Burya MRK, and to issue target designation to missiles, the Burya was equipped with a passive over-the-horizon detection system for surface ships, which worked by emitting radio equipment (RTS) ) enemy. The Malachite missile system was adopted for service on small missile ships, Project 1234, by Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated March 17, 1972.

Anti-ship cruise missile P-120 "Malachite" (4K-85)

Typically, the literature provides the following characteristics of the Malachite cruise missile:
- rocket launch weight 3200 kg. actually - 5400 kg
- rocket length 9 m, actually - 8800 mm - height 1250 mm
- width with wings folded 1210 mm
- wingspan in flight 2130 mm

The weight of the high-explosive cumulative warhead is 500 kg, the weight of the special warhead (nuclear) remains secret for now.
Homing head type - combined homing with radar and thermal channels.
Marching flight altitude - 50 m, minimum flight range - 15 km, maximum - 120 km, flight speed - 1100 km/h.
Two launchers of the “KT-120” type - triple-mounted, non-targeting, non-stabilized, non-armored, non-damped, container type, with a constant elevation angle (9 degrees to the main plane). The launcher axes are located parallel to the center plane of the ship. The speed at which the missiles leave the guides is 39-56 m/sec. The use of weapons is possible when the sea state is no more than 5 points (in fact, shooting was carried out even at 6 points). Loading of missiles into containers is carried out by a shore or floating crane using special loading devices stored in the base, but a test loading of missiles into the sea from the Vilyuy military transport was also carried out when the MRKs were on combat service in the Mediterranean Sea. Loading device for MRK pr. 1234 - type ZU-84 using standard beams with catchers and frame. Characteristics of the ship's AC electrical network: 380 V, 400 Hz, 5.5 kW, DC network: 27 V, 0.55 kW. The temperature regime in the launcher is ensured by the ship's air conditioning system and is within the range of +5 - -25 C. The disadvantages of the P-120 anti-ship missile system include the presence of a long black plume of smoke left by its solid fuel engine.

Anti-aircraft missile weapon MRK project 1234 code “Gadfly”

Schematic diagram of the ZiF-122 launcher and its placement

The ship's air defense with the task of destroying single air targets was assigned to the Osa-M self-defense anti-aircraft missile system (SAM), located in the bow of the ship in position "A".
The air defense system includes a two-boom ZiF-122 launcher, a missile supply and reloading system, a 4R-33 control system and an ammunition load of 20 9M-33 anti-aircraft missiles. The ZiF-122 launcher was developed at TsKB-7 (now PA Arsenal) under the direction of
V.A. Khramtsov and was located in a non-working position under the forecastle deck in the so-called “glass” - a special cellar where the ammunition was located. When lowered, the guide beam is positioned vertically and, when moving from the traveling to the combat position, rises along with two anti-aircraft missiles. The missiles in the cellar are placed in four rotating drums with five missiles in each. After the first missile is launched, the drum automatically rotates to reach the loading line for the next missile. After the launch of the second missile, the launch beams automatically unfold vertically, and the lifting part quickly lowers into the cellar and “pricks” two next missiles in the drum onto the guides of the launch beams. The reload time of the launcher does not exceed 16-21 seconds. The rate of fire is 2 launches per minute when firing at air targets and 2.8 launches per minute when firing at surface targets. The time it takes to transfer fire to another target does not exceed 12 seconds. The air defense system works against targets flying at an altitude of up to 50 meters, otherwise the missile fuse would be triggered. The weight of the launcher without ammunition is 6850 kg.
The 9M-33 anti-aircraft missile is single-stage with a dual-mode solid propellant engine. The rocket is configured according to a canard-type aerodynamic design (with rudders in the forward part of the rocket fuselage). The four wings are structurally combined into a single wing unit, which is mounted movably relative to the fuselage and rotates freely during flight, reducing the torque from the air flow. The main components of the rocket are represented by radio control equipment (command radio unit) and radio sighting (transponder), an autopilot, a radio fuse, an on-board power supply, a warhead (warhead - weighing 15 kg) with a safety-actuating mechanism - located in the bow of the rocket. In the tail section of the rocket there is an engine, antennas for the command radio unit and on-board transponder, as well as tracers for tracking the rocket using a television-optical viewer. The weight of the rocket is 126 kg, the fuselage length is 3158 mm, the diameter is 210 mm, and the wingspan is 650 mm. The average flight speed of the rocket is 500 m/sec.

Launch of a 9M33 missile from the Osa-M shipborne anti-aircraft missile system

The Osa complex ensured the destruction of targets flying at a speed of 300 m/s. at altitudes of 200-5000 m and at a range of up to 9000 m. For targets flying at low altitudes (50-100 m), the destruction range was reduced to 4000-6000 m. For supersonic targets (speed up to 420 m/s) the far boundary of the zone destruction decreased to 7100 m at a target flight altitude of 200-5000 m. After leaving the launcher and the automatic (not controlled by radio commands) initial part of the flight, the missile is “captured” by the missile sighting station and launched to the target. The control system uses the command method of flight control for any of three methods: air, low-flying and surface targets. As the missile approaches the target, a command is given to arm the radio fuse and remove the last stage of the fuse. The radio fuse begins to emit radiomagnetic pulses and when the signal is reflected from the target at a certain level, the warhead is detonated at a distance of no further than 15 m from the target. When a missile flies past the target, it self-destructs or is destroyed upon impact with water. For independent target detection, the control system also includes a 4R-33 radar station, which provides detection of air targets at altitudes up to 4000 m and at a range of 25-30 km. Combining the modes of detection and target acquisition for tracking in one system made it possible to reduce the reaction time of the complex by 6-8 s. The Osa-M air defense system was tested on the OS-24 pr.ZZ (former KRL "Voroshilov" pr.26), and then on the lead "albatross" - "MPK-147" until 1971 and was adopted by the Navy in 1973 In 1975, modernization of the complex began under the code “Osa-MA”. Its tests were also carried out on the MPK-147 near Feodosia, and in 1979 the modified air defense system was adopted by the fleet. To increase reliability in the early 80s. The second modernization of the complex was carried out in order to increase the effectiveness of defeating low-flying anti-ship missiles. Now the Osa-MA-1 air defense system has become capable of hitting targets flying at an altitude of up to 5 m above sea level. However, it should be noted that by the beginning of the 21st century, the Osa-M family of air defense systems can be considered obsolete and ineffective weapons, unable to repel the simultaneous attack of several high-speed air targets or cruise anti-ship missiles and protect the ship from destruction.
Some temporary way out of this situation was the use on ships of the USSR Navy of portable air defense systems of the Strela-2, 2M, 3, ZM type and the Igla-1 type, developed under the leadership of chief designer S.P. Nepobedimy.

Artillery armament MRK project 1234 code "Gadfly"

On small missile ships of the base project 1234 "Gadfly" there is only one double-barreled turret artillery mount AU AK-725 (in the rear part of the hull). The technical design of the installation was completed on April 14, 1958 (according to the technical specifications dated November 30, 1956) and by the spring of 1960 the lead prototype “ZiF-72” was tested (ZiF - Frunze Plant, also known as Plant No. 7, aka Arsenal). The first AU was tested on the MPK project 204 in the Kerch region by July 1964. By Decree SM No. 443-177 dated May 23, 1964 and by order of the USSR Minister of Defense (MoD) dated July 24, 1964, the ZiF-72 installation was put into service under index AK-725. The AK-725 installation was equipped with two modernized 57-mm ZiF-74 assault rifles (the modernization consisted of the introduction of belt feeding and a system for continuous cooling of the barrels with sea water). Both machine guns were placed in the same cradle, and each ammunition belt included 550 links with cartridges and was placed in the turret bunker. The guns' automation operated using recoil energy. The installation tower is unarmored and made of 6 mm thick duralumin (to prevent sweating, its internal surface is covered with polyurethane foam). Calculation - 2 people.

The length of the gun barrel is 75 calibers (16 rifling), the bolt weight is 15 kg. The rate of fire of each gun is 200 rounds per minute with a continuous burst of 100 rounds. Vertical guidance angles - within the range from -10" to +85", horizontal guidance angles - within 200" on both sides. The guidance speed in two planes ranges from 30 to 35 degrees/s. The total weight of the installation without ammunition and internal ship equipment is 3900 kg, the weight of one machine gun is 277 kg. Projectile weight - 2.8 kg, initial projectile speed - 1020 m/s. The ammunition load contains only a unitary shot with a fragmentation tracer projectile, intended for firing at both air and surface targets. Shot weight - 6.35 kg, warhead weight - 153 g, fuse - MGZ-57 type (head, contact, safety type, with burst delay). The firing range reached 8420 m (with self-liquidator - 6950 m). The guns were aimed either from a remote control panel with a Kolonka ring sight, or remotely from a fire control radar of the MP-103 Bars type (developed by the Topaz plant design bureau, under the leadership of N.I. Ermolov). The machine guns were aimed at the target using an ESP-72 electric tracking drive. The maximum target detection range of the MP-103 station reaches 40 km. The antenna post (AP) of the radar is located on the aft superstructure of the ship. Despite a number of positive characteristics, practice has shown the low effectiveness of the 57-mm projectile with a proximity fuse and the need to strengthen naval artillery.

Electronic warfare installations

For electronic warfare purposes, RTOs are equipped with two to four PK-10 passive jamming launchers (dipole reflectors) and two to four PK-16 launchers. PU PK-16 (KL-101) is a package with 16 guide pipes with cantilever mounting on a trunnion and a vertical wall. It has remote (electric) and manual drives for opening the front cover and a manual drive for vertical guidance (ranging from 0 to 60 with a fixed package position every 10). Firing is controlled using a special remote control, which provides automatic firing with a rate of fire of 2 rounds per second (for any given sequence of projectiles) and semi-automatic firing of single projectiles. Installation calculation - one person. The weight of the launcher is 400 kg, and the weight of the remote equipment is 90 kg. Firing is carried out with 82-mm turbojet anti-radar jamming projectiles RUMM-82 (TSP-60), which consist of a rocket engine and a warhead in two versions (with metallized dipole reflectors and with decoy thermal targets). False radar targets can be placed at ranges from the ship ranging from 0.5 to 3.5 km, and thermal targets - at ranges from 2 to 3.5 km at altitudes from 100 to 1600 m. The resulting false targets operate effectively in the wave range from 2 to 12 cm for 5-10 minutes. Thermal jamming projectiles create false targets that operate effectively in the wavelength range of 2-5 microns for 50-80 s. The weight of the TSP-60 projectile, depending on the equipment, is 8.76-8.92 kg, the projectile mine is 670 mm. Flight range - 3500 m.
The PK-10 “Brave” complex is also designed for setting radio-electronic and optical-electronic decoys and was put into service in 1985. The complex consists of four launchers, a remote control, a remote control panel and 120-mm shells. Shooting is carried out in automatic (series) or manual (single) modes. Each projectile weighs up to 25 kg and has a body length of 1220 mm. The launcher (weighing 205 - 336 kg) consists of a package with 10 guide tubes. Installation dimensions: mine - 655 mm, width - 962 mm, height - 540 mm.

Radio engineering complex system "Titanit"

Provides active and passive target detection, reception of information from aviation aerial surveillance and direction finding systems - the MRSC-1 system (marine radio engineering target designation system). The Titanit radar complex also ensures the generation and issuance of target designation to the command and control system, the management of joint combat operations and provides the solution of navigation problems. The complex can operate in five modes:
“A” - mode of active target detection and target designation.
“P” - mode of passive target detection and target designation.
“U” is the mode for receiving information from the MRSC-1 system. “B” is the mode of mutual exchange of information and management of joint combat operations (USBD).
“N” - navigation mode (ranging from 40 m to 38 kb.).
The time to bring the complex into combat readiness does not exceed 5-20 minutes. (without or with performance check) The time of continuous operation of the complex should not exceed 12 hours, and the over-the-horizon target detection range is 120-130 km (when working with aircraft at altitudes of 2 km, the target detection range is 150-170 km). Above the roof of the wheelhouse there is a fiberglass radome of the antenna device D-01, which ensures the implementation of the “P” and “U” modes. On both sides of the D-01 antenna post there are two radomes of the D-02 antenna posts, providing mode “B” - USBD. In front of AP D-01, an antenna post D-03 is installed on the roof of the cabin to perform modes “N” and “A”. At the top of the mast there are antenna posts D-04 and D-05, ensuring the implementation of modes “B” and “U” (respectively), and just below there is antenna post D-06 (mode “P”). The Titanit system is interfaced with the “Danube” device, which ensures the preparation and launch of “Malachite” missiles. The detection range of surface targets is at least 40 km, and the over-the-horizon detection range is more than 100 km.

State identification system

It is represented by one radar - a combined interrogator-responder "Nichrome-RRM" with the 082M device (now replaced by the 6730-5 device). The Nichrome radar makes it possible to identify surface and air targets to determine their belonging to their armed forces. The interrogation antenna is built into AP D-03. An additional interrogator "Nickel-KM" with the 082M device is built into the 4R-33 antenna post.

Navigation radar "Don"

Entered into service in 1957, the AP radar is located at the top of the mast, operates in the 3 cm range and is capable of detecting air targets at a distance of up to 50 km, and surface targets up to 25 km. It was installed only on some ships. Initially, the project did not provide for the placement of special navigational radar aids on the ship; for these purposes it was planned to use a special channel of the Titanit RAC. But during the service of the first ships, the need for their presence was revealed (mainly to ensure navigational safety when performing combat service tasks) and they began to install any suitable ones available in the fleets on the RTOs.

Electronic intelligence radar MRP-11-12 (“Zaliv”).

The antenna post is located in front of the wheelhouse. The experimental electronic reconnaissance radar "Ograda" (1975) was tested at the Zarnitsa MRK, which was not widespread, but had an active jamming station, barrage noise, pulse and combined operating modes.

Infrared equipment "Khmel-2"

All RTOs were equipped with it. This equipment made it possible to carry out joint navigation and covert communication in the dark, with the ships completely darkened, as well as to observe and take bearings of infrared lights. Continuous operation time - 20 hours, direction finding range - 20 cables, distance determination - up to 4 cables. The system operates from a 27 V DC network.

Radio communications

Radio transmitter R-654-PR, radio receivers R-6788 and Volna-K, radio stations R-615M and R-619-2 (two pieces). There is ZAS equipment (4 types) and the P-400 “Kashtan” broadcast system. It is interesting to note that the equipment would continue to function if a medium-caliber atomic bomb exploded at a distance of at least 4000 meters from the epicenter of the explosion.

For protection against weapons of mass destruction (WMD)

provision is made for the creation of four sealed circuits, the installation of FSM-2000 filters in the diesel air intake shafts, the availability of dosimetric equipment KDU-5, KID-6V, chemical and radiation reconnaissance devices VPKhR and KRGB-1. The ships are equipped with filtering gas masks according to the number of crew members and 10 insulating gas masks and chemical kits.

Navigation weapons

Represented by the GKU-1 gyro direction indicator, the KI-13 magnetic compass, the LI-80 induction lag, the MGL-50 hydrodynamic lag, the KPF-4 ship phase receiver-indicator (for combat service, it was equipped with a pulse receiver-indicator KPI-4) and the AP-ZU autoplotter, echo sounder NEL-7.

There is a demagnetizing device.

The lead ship in a series of small rocket ships of Project 1234. Laid down on slipway No. 1 of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard (former Shipyard No. 5 - NKVD shipyard) under the designation “MRK-Z” on January 13, 1967, but the main work began only in February. The plant did a huge amount of work on the construction of a new type of ship; at the beginning of 1968, the formation of the first MRK-Z crew began in the 41st brigade of the Black Sea Fleet TKA. On May 21, 1968, the ship was boarded with personnel of the first crew under the command of the ship's first commander, Captain 3rd Rank Dmitry Gavrilovich Prutskov. The ceremonial launching of the ship took place on October 28, 1968, and on June 22, 1969, the USSR Naval flag was raised on the new small ship. In the summer of the same year, the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union, Sergei Georgievich Gorshkov, visited the MRK-Z. The arrival of the Commander-in-Chief was not accidental, since the RTOs of this project were considered his brainchild. Eyewitnesses said that S.G. Gorshkov was very pleased with what he saw and examined the ship for a long time, admiring the missile containers ready for loading. He was impressed by the strength and power of such a small ship. Nearby stood the second hull of the MRK-7 under construction and the admiral rejoiced at the growing power of the Soviet fleet. Looking at the small rocket ship, S.G. Gorshkov uttered a phrase that became popular and is included in the title of the book. On this day, the Commander-in-Chief decided to assign their own names to the RTOs, remembering the dashing “bad weather divisions” of the Great Patriotic War. The lead MRK of the series was included in the KChF on March 20, 1970, and from April 25, 1970, “MRK-Z” received its own name - “Storm” (military unit-62872), and on September 30
1970 completed state tests in Baltiysk. After signing the acceptance certificate, the Burya MRK was accepted into the USSR Navy. Then the ship crossed
inland waterways to the fleet delivery base in the naval base of Feodosia, and in April 1971 moved to the main fleet base of Sevastopol and was temporarily based here at berth b. Trinity.
On July 5, 1971, the directorate of the 166th division of small missile ships was formed, which was given the name Red Banner Novorossiysk (on the basis of the 2nd brigade of the Black Sea Fleet TKA from the last war). The first commander of the new division was the commander of the "Storm", captain 3rd rank D.G. Prutskov, and Lieutenant-Commander Albert Nikolaevich Parygin climbed onto the command bridge of the MRK. Since August 14, 1971, the Burya and Breeze MRKs have been subordinate to the commander of the 166th DNMRK.
After leaving the factory, the Burya MRK has already traveled more than 7,250 miles and in two years has produced so many missile launches that veterans of the unit do not remember their exact number. In 1972, the ship continued to launch anti-ship missiles at the Feodosia test site, and in the same year in Feodosia, three main engines were replaced with new ones in two and a half months, since the first engines had a service life of only 500 hours. For the first time in the history of ships of this project, all three main engines were replaced while moored at the berth. In 1972, the Burya RTO traveled 3,823 miles.
The year 1973 became a serious test for the “Storm”. In May, the commander of the RTO, Lieutenant Commander A.I. Parygin left to accept a new “order” (MRK “Zarnitsa”) and was replaced by captain-lieutenant Alexander Vasilyevich Sirot-kin, who commanded the “Bureya” for almost nine years. It was he who had the honor of firing a six-missile salvo with the main strike complex for the first time in Russian history. The shooting was carried out on August 31, 1973 and was carried out at three burning targets from a distance of 100 km. There are still legends about that episode, in particular: when six P-120 missiles were launched, the MRK settled into the water up to the upper deck (which seems unlikely, since experienced sailors deny this fact), the diesel generators failed due to hull shaking, the ship lost power, but all The missiles fired hit the target accurately. In 1973, the ship traveled 3,555 miles. Shortly after the shooting, the Burya MRK was undergoing routine repairs at Shipyard No. 13 (Kilen Bay of Sevastopol). The repair lasted from November 1973 to May 1974 and some of the radio equipment was replaced (including R-615 with R-654). In the same year, the ship was docked at the factory floating dock in Poti. The ship had to take part in the rescue operation on August 30, 1974, when the Brave BOD was burning on the outer roadstead of Sevastopol. The Burya and Zarnitsa MRKs followed in the wake of the Brave, and two more MRKs (Breeze and Vikhr) were in room 20. from the BOD on a bearing of 355 degrees. After the explosion of the missile magazine and a strong fire on the Otvazhny, the RTO picked up 26 sailors from the BOD from the water (including 9 people lifted aboard the Buri). In 1974, the RTO traveled 3,685 miles. In March 1975, the ship underwent a scheduled docking and within a year left behind another 3,780 miles traveled in the Black Sea. In March 1976 - docking again, 4385 miles covered in a year. Based on the results of 1976, the Burya MRK was awarded a diploma from the Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy and declared the best ship in the Navy in fire and tactical training (acted in the tactical group of the MRK under the command of Captain 2nd Rank D.G. Prutskova).
In April 1977 and 1978 - docking, 3138 miles and 2917 miles covered (respectively) during the year. From October 15, 1978 to October 15, 1979 - the Burya MRK underwent a medium repair at Shipyard No. 13 (in particular, during the repair the FVU-200 was replaced by the FPU-200). In November 1979, the ship was docked again and covered only 268 miles in a year. In 1980, the RTO traveled 2,771 miles. From May to December, active jamming equipment (code “Kilektor”) was installed on the ship, and the docking of the MRK took place in June 1980. In 1981, the ship was again declared “Excellent.”
The year 1982 became a serious test for the ship and its crew. In February, the ADK-3 “Gateway” communications equipment was installed on the ship and the “Burya” MRK entered combat service (BS) in the Mediterranean Sea for the first time. From April to July 1982, the Burya and Grom MRKs, while providing a floating missile and technical base (PRTB-13), carried out tracking tasks for surface ships of the US 6th Fleet, etc. behind the attack aircraft carrier "John F. Kennedy" (side number 67). During the days of Israeli aggression on the land of long-suffering Lebanon, the Burya MRK was in June 1982 on the patrol line in the combat area. Based on the results of carrying the BS MRK, it was graded “Excellent”; 4,956 miles were covered during the year.
In 1983, the Burya MRK traveled 3,710 miles (the ship was docked in January), sailing in the Black and Azov Seas. Based on the results of combat and political preparations (BP and PP), the "Storm" was declared an excellent ship in 1983, 1984, 1985 and 1987. In 1984, the ship traveled 2,198 miles, in 1985 - 3,755 miles (docking in October), in 1986 - 1,440 miles. In August 1987, the MRK again underwent docking and replacement of two DHAS-300 diesel generators. At the end of 1987, the ship was awarded a certificate from the commander of the Red Sea Fleet.
In 1988, the ship traveled 3,110 miles. In the period from March 19 to April 10, 1988, the RTO was based in the Poti naval base for training foreign crews, and from October 19 to 23
In September, "Storm" participates in the command post exercises (CSE) "Autumn-88" under the general leadership of the USSR Minister of Defense. In 1989, the RTO traveled 1,853 miles in the Black Sea. In February 1990, the Burya MRK underwent its final docking and managed to cover 620 miles in a year. In December 1990, the lead ship of the project was withdrawn from the active fleet and placed in mothballing. In total, during its history, the Burya MRK traveled 60,287 miles, carried out more than 50 launches of the P-120 Malachite anti-ship missile system, and repeatedly carried out two- and three-missile launches with the main strike complex at various distances and for various training purposes.
On February 11, 1991, due to significant deterioration of the material part and lack of funds for repairs, the ship was excluded from the fleet's operational strength and transferred to the Fleet Assets Department (OFI) of the KChF for disposal for scrap. In the summer of 1991, the disarmament of the RTO, which was stationed in the depths of Karantinnaya Bay at berth No. 106, began. In June 1992, the hull of the Buri was brought to Inkerman and within two months was dismantled for metal. Known tail numbers: 354,964,602,604,603,608, 624.

The ship was laid down on November 5, 1967 on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard (serial number S-52) and on June 15, 1968, was included in the list of ships of the USSR Navy. The launch took place on October 10, 1969, and in the spring of the following year, the RTO moved along inland waterways to the Black Sea to undergo acceptance tests; on December 31, 1970, an acceptance certificate was signed. Since January 27, 1970, “MRK-7” has been included in the 41st ObrRKA KChF (D-15/001/00). From February 9, 1971, “MRK-7” was included in the KChF (military unit 81240) and from March 20, 1970, it was excluded from the KChF (D-15/085) as a “numbered” ship. At the same date, the MRK was included in the KChF, as it received the name “Breeze” (D-15/0436). Since April 25, 1970, “Breeze” has been listed in the 2nd category RO (D-15/006/35). In January 1972, the ship moved to its permanent home base in Sevastopol. And he began practicing BP tasks as part of the 166DN MRK. In 1973 “Breeze”, together with the “Groza” MRK, marked the beginning of the performance of combat services by small missile ships, during which the combat capabilities of the “Gadfly” were tested and the readiness of the crews to conduct combat operations was assessed. July-August 1977 MRK "Breeze" and "Zarnitsa" carry BS in the Mediterranean Sea, the ship has traveled 6380 miles. 11/18/1977 The Briz MRK was declared the best surface ship of the Black Sea Fleet, and the crew was excellent. 06-081978 The Breeze and Grom MRKs performed BS tasks. 22-28 06 TG RTO paid a friendly visit to the port of Latakia SAR. This combat service for the RTO ended with the unsuccessful execution of artillery firing (AS) and anti-aircraft missile firing (AAMS). The ship lost the title of an excellent ship. The crew was rehabilitated the following year, 1979, performing BS tasks together with the Grom and Zarnitsa MRKs. The ship performed combat exercises (CD) perfectly and received the highest final rating for BC. During the BS, 8200 miles were covered and a call was made at the Syrian port of Tartus. The title "excellent" was returned to the ship. In 1980, the Briz MRK was transferred to the 295th Red Banner Sulinsky MRK division of the 41st BrRKA. As part of a detachment of warships (OBC), the KChF took part in a joint exercise of the Bulgarian and USSR Navy. In 1981 he won the Navy Civil Code prize for missile training as part of the KUG. 1981-1982 the ship underwent a medium repair. 1983 was the busiest year for the ship during its entire service as part of the KChF; this year it covered 8239 miles in 69 annual days. During the training of combat training (CT) missions, the ship completed 3 strike weapons and 2 air defense systems. "Breeze" carried out the tasks of the BS together with the MRK "Komsomolets Mordovia" from 21. 11. 1983 to 01/05/1984. During this emergency situation on the Breeze MRK, a propeller blade of the middle shaft line was torn off. This episode served as a reason for the Commander-in-Chief to conduct an exercise to urgently restore the combat capability of the ship, which had received combat damage during the BS. 01/05/1984 "Breeze" returned to Sevastopol, was repaired in 10 days and was ready to return to the Mediterranean Sea to continue carrying the BS. However, by directive of the Civil Code of the Navy, it was reassigned to the 165th BrRKA Pacific Fleet and began preparations for moving to the Pacific Ocean and carrying BS in the South China Sea.
13.03. 1984 The Briz MRK, under tow, began its transition to the Pacific Fleet through the Suez Canal, the Red Sea, and the Indian Ocean. 06/22/84 arrived at the PMB Cam Ranh SRV and became part of the 119th brigade of surface ships (BrNK) of the 17th OPEC. The Port of Cam Ranh is located on the peninsula of the same name in Khanh Hoa Province in the southern part of Vietnam and includes two deep-water bays (Binh Boa and Cam Ranh). It functioned as a logistics support point (LMTS) of the USSR Navy since April 1980, and since 1983 ships and vessels of the 17 OPESK (operational squadron) of the KTOF were based here. The BS "Breeza" in the South China Sea, based at the Cam Ranh station, continued until 05/06/1985, then the ship under tow made a 20-day passage to the main base of the KTOF - the village of Vladivostok. In total, the crew carried out assigned tasks in the vast seas and oceans for 1 year and 2 months. 05/10/1985 MRK "Briz" was included in the 192 DN MRK 165 BrRKA based in Ulysses Bay, Vladivostok. The Briz MRK periodically came to Cam Ranh for five years and carried out the tasks of the BS. After the next trip, on August 1, 1986, the Briz MRK arrived in Vladivostok and until August 4, 1987, it underwent medium repairs at Dalzavod. And on May 10, 1987, the Breeze MRK again entered the BS in the Cam Ranh PMTO, which he carried until May 20, 1988. For the successful completion of the tasks of the BS, the commander of the ship, Captain 3rd Rank Yuri Stanislavovich Grebennik, was awarded the Order for Service to the Motherland 3rd degrees. PMTO Cam Ranh ceased to exist on May 4, 2002. Then the last 50 officers, led by the unit commander, Captain 1st Rank Yuri Eremin, left the base on the Sakhalin-9 ferry. Then the ship was reassigned to the Kamchatka flotilla of heterogeneous forces of the KTOF. And from August 19, 1988 to October 29, 1992 was part of the 66th division of the RTO. In total, over the years of service in the fleet, the Breeze MRK completed 28 missions with strike weapons and went on base missions in the Mediterranean and South China Seas 7 times. Since October 29, 1992, the Briz MRK was expelled from the Navy and transferred to
OFI for disarmament, dismantling and implementation. The ship was disbanded on December 31, 1992 and laid up. It was finally cut into metal in 1998 at SRZ-49 in Seldevaya Bay (Vilyuchinsk).
Known tail numbers: 356,962,611,602,612,430.

Commanders of the MRK-7 "Breeze" ship:

captain 3rd rank Boris Ivanovich Zavyalov 1969-1973 capt. lt Yuri Stanislavovich Grebennik 1985-1991 captain 3rd rank Tsara Bopuevich Gaitov 1973-1978 capt.lt Vladimir Ivanovich Khodanov 1991 capt.lt Vladimir Vladimirovich Kharlov 1978 -1980 Capt. Lieutenant Yuri Vladimirovich Arshin 1991-1992 Capt. Lieutenant Vyacheslav Konstantinovich Yavorin 1980-1985.

The hull of the third MRK in the series (serial number S-53) was laid down on August 21, 1967 on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, and on April 25, 1970 it was included in the lists of Navy ships. The launch took place on July 22, 1970. Sea trials and firing of all Leningrad-built MRKs took place in the Baltic, based at the Baltiysk naval base. The ship was commanded by its first commander, Captain 3rd Rank Felix Frantsevich Machulin. During this period, the ships were subordinate to the commander of the 12th missile ship division. After completing the tests, the Whirlwind moved along inland waterways from Baltiysk to Feodosia. The acceptance certificate was signed on September 30, 1971, and on November 1, the ship was included in the KChF, since the ships of Project 1234 were specially created to destroy aircraft carriers in the Mediterranean Sea. The Vikhr MRK arrived in Sevastopol from Feodosia on February 16, 1972 and became part of the 41st Separate Brigade of the RKA KChF. The second commander of the RTO was Nikolai Kirillovich Poshivalov.
In 1974, the Vikhr and Grom MRKs entered the Mediterranean Sea and, performing BS tasks, for the first time used a new tactical technique from the position of tracking the movement of ships of the 6th Fleet using the drift method. The MRK TG was drifting south of the island of Crete, ready to move and begin tactical deployment 15 minutes after the command was given. The total duration of tracking is 20-25 days. The entire burden of maintaining such readiness fell on the shoulders of the small crew - in fact, they were on a running watch. The ships approached the border of the territorial waters of Greece (Crete), turned off their engines and drifted in a southerly direction. To evade ships traveling on international routes, the ships periodically powered under one of the diesel engines. A day or two later, they approached Fr. Crete, the action was repeated. This tactic was continued and further developed. During the BS period, the ships made a business call to the village of Tar-Tue SAR for the production of PPO and PPR. The beginning of this campaign was marked by a curiosity. During the transition from Sevastopol to the Mediterranean Sea, while crossing the strait zone, the ship, at the entrance to the Sea of ​​Marmara, completely lost power and stopped (the engines turned off). The reason is the sloppiness of the sailing watch, which allowed the fuel tank to run out completely and did not control the flow of high-pressure air (HPA), (the cylinders also turned out to be empty, and the sailors were admiring the shores of the Bosphorus). Deprived of the opportunity to inform its flagship (MRK Grom) about the emergency, the Whirlwind could become a serious obstacle on the routes of intensive shipping and cause an international incident. Fortunately, the Thunder noticed the plight of their fellow ship. They approached him and, with the help of strong words and sailor hands, transferred a cylinder of compressed air weighing 500 kg to the “Whirlwind”. Incredibly, this operation was performed without mechanical devices, and quite quickly.
In April 1975, "Whirlwind" and "Groza" took part in a joint exercise of the strike forces of the allied fleets of the USSR, Romania and Bulgaria under the leadership of the Minister of Defense of the People's Republic of Bulgaria. In addition to the Gadflies, on our side, RKA pr.206MR participated, on the allies’ side - RKA pr.205 and 205U. According to the plan, the allied fleet was supposed to launch a missile strike and destroy the enemy’s naval strike group crossing the straits and breaking through into the Black Sea. The role of the “enemy” was assigned to our ships, which, after the end of the BS, were returning home from the Mediterranean Sea. The “enemy” - the “blues”, in turn, had to repel the attack and destroy the striking forces of the “reds”. In the “Success” mode, the Titanit radar “Ovodov” received a reflection of the surface situation from the Tu-95RTs aircraft. The combat crews of the ships identified the KUG as it moved in the Sea of ​​Marmara and carried out guidance of the TG of the Allied missile boats while in the roadstead of the village of Sazopol (NRB). During the exercise, at its initial stage, the “enemy’s” command group was “struck” by a TG, consisting of... passenger hydrofoil vessels (HK) of the “Meteor” type of Bulgarian shipping companies! The trick was completely successful. The “enemy” cheerfully reported on the repulsion of the “strike” and the “defeat” of the “Red” group. Imagine his surprise when he was subjected to three successive “blows” by the RKA TG of Bulgaria, Romania, and the USSR! The “Whirlwind” and “Grom” MRKs put an end to this exercise, completing the “defeat” of the “blues”. The technique of creating false directions was fully justified, since it allowed the main forces to covertly deploy into firing positions.
In the summer of 1977, the Vikhr MRK was transferred from Sevastopol through the Suez Canal to Vladivostok and on August 31, 1977. became part of the KTOF. He commanded the ship during the transition. 3rd rank Dmitry Fedorovich Ivanteev. In April 1987, he took part in the rescue of the crew of the dying MRK Monsoon. Since July 4, 1987, the ship has been reassigned to the Kamchatka FlRS KTOF. Since October 10, 1987 to August 9, 1994 was part of the 66th division of small missile ships. On July 26, 1992, the St. Andrew's flag was raised on the ship. Expelled from the Navy on July 5, 1994 and handed over to the military property sales department - former OFI - (ARVI) for disarmament, dismantling and sale. Disbanded on September 1, 1994. Known tail numbers: 351,955,425,432.

Commanders of the MRK "Vikhr" ship:

Cap.3 rank Machulin Felix Frantsevich, cap.3 rank Poshivalov Nikolai Konstantinovich, cap. Lt Ivanteev Dmitry Fedorovich, Cap. 3rd rank Yakovlev Viktor Leonidovich, Capt. Lt. Ostrikov Alexey, Capt. 3rd rank Roshinets Vasily Iosifovich, Capt. Lt Tishin Vladimir Nikolaevich, cap. 3rd rank Kopot Petr Mikhailovich.

MRK "Volna"

The fourth ship of the series (serial number S-54), which became the first ship of Project 1234 to join the KSF. Laid down on September 27, 1968 at the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, entered the list of Navy ships on April 25, 1970, launched on July 20, 1971 and entered into service on December 31, 1971. The first commander of the MRK was Captain 3rd Rank Alekseev. In January 1972, the ship was in Baltiysk, eliminating deficiencies, and from February 4, 1972, the Volna MRK was included in the DKBF under the command of Lieutenant Commander Georgy Vsevolodovich Cherokov. Based in January 1974 in Liepaja. Reassigned on April 24, 1974 to the KSF and in May 1974 moved along inland waterways to the White Sea. Here the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy conducted a large exercise and demonstrated new ships and military equipment to the highest military command of the USSR Armed Forces. The Volna MRK was based in the village of Granitny. Medium overhaul at SRZ-177 in Ust-Dvinsk has been completed since August 10
1988 to October 1, 1989. In the spring of 1990, it was withdrawn from combat service, mothballed and put into storage in Saida Bay (naval base Gadzhievo). Expelled from the Russian Navy on June 30, 1993 and handed over to ARVI, and on January 25, 1994 it was disbanded and later dismantled for metal. The known tail number is 528.

The fifth ship of the series, laid down on November 29, 1967 on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard (serial number S-55) and included in the list of Navy ships on October 20, 1970. Launched on April 30, 1972, entered service on September 30, and was included in the DKBF on October 31, 1972 (the first Gadfly in the Baltic). The ship under the command of Captain 3rd Rank Gladyshev (former commander of the RKA Tambovsky Komsomolets) was staffed with a Baltic crew from the 36th RKA brigade. In 1983, 1985 and 1987 won the prize of the USSR Navy Civil Code for missile training as part of the KUG. Underwent medium repairs at SRZ-177 in Ust-Dvinsk from November 1, 1989 to February 7, 1990. Since July 26, 1992, the Grad MRK has been flying the St. Andrew's flag. On June 30, 1993, she was expelled from the Navy and transferred for sale to the ARVI fleet; on February 1, 1994, the ship was disbanded. Known tail numbers: 506,582,552

The laying of the MRK hull with serial number S-56 took place on January 9, 1969 on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, and on October 20, 1970, the MRK, which received the name “Groza” (military unit 49352), was included in the lists of ships of the USSR Navy. The crew of the "Groza" was formed in the 41st BrRKA on May 15, 1972, and the first commander of the ship was appointed captain 3rd rank Danilchenko. The launch took place on July 26, 1972, and on December 26, the ship entered service and on January 31, 1973 it was included in the DKBF. In the summer of the same year, the Groza MRK moved along inland waterways to the Black Sea and from September 4, 1973 was included in the 41st brigade of the RCA KChF (166DN). On October 30, 1973, the Groza MRK first entered combat service in the Mediterranean Sea together with the Breeze MRK in support of PRTB-13 and successfully tracked the aircraft carrier John F. Kennedy*. In 1976, the ship again carried the BS in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea together with the Zarnitsa MRK while supporting PRTB-33*. In the spring of 1975, the Groza MRK went to sea to test the maximum capabilities in terms of autonomy, cruising range and the possibility of modernization. There was a group of specialists on board the ship and “Groza” made the transition from Sevastopol to Batumi without visiting any ports. Only fresh water supplies were replenished and, based on the results of the campaign, the possibility of increasing autonomy for a period of more than 10 days was confirmed and directions for increasing the combat capabilities of the project were determined. Withdrawn from combat service on September 1, 1990 and mothballed in Karantinnaya Bay (Sevastopol). On January 1, 1993, the Groza MRK was expelled from the Navy, and in September 1993, the disarmament of the ship began. On the morning of October 15, 1993, the Groza hull was towed to the mouth of the Chernaya River, where it was dismantled for metal in Inkerman (Sevastopol) by the Vtorchermet enterprise. Known tail numbers: 363, 358, 970, 611, 613, 614, 604, 619.

The ship was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard on October 1, 1969 (serial number S-57) and on October 20 of the following year received the name “Grom” (military unit 40199). By May 25, 1972, a crew was formed in the 41st brigade of the RKA of the Black Sea Fleet to receive the ship in Leningrad (according to the state 61/603-A). The first commander of the ship was Capt. Lieutenant Bondarenko Alexander Ivanovich. The launch took place on October 29, 1972; on December 28, 1972, an acceptance certificate was signed at the Grom MRK and the Naval flag was solemnly raised. On January 31, 1973, the ship was reassigned to the 166th Red Banner Novorossiysk MRK division of the 41st brigade of the RKA KChF. During the civil war in Lebanon (1975-1976), the Grom, together with the Vikhr MRK, carried a BS in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea, supported by PRTB-33. The ships “herded” the American strike aircraft carrier Forrestal for a long time and were ready, upon receiving an order, to immediately attack it with all Malachite missiles. In July-August 1978, the Grom MRK and the Breeze MRK*, in support of the PRTB-13*, again carried BS in the Mediterranean Sea. In July-September 1979, this group was reinforced by the Zarnitsa MRK; in April-July 1982, Grom was on the BS together with the Burya and PRTB-13 MRKs. The ships guard the coast of the SAR and for 10 days successfully monitor the AUG of the aircraft carrier John F. Kennedy. On September 1, 1988, the Grom MRK was put into reserve, mothballed and left in storage in the bay. Quarantine (Sevastopol). The MRK was listed as part of the 349th MRK division (together with the Groza and four missile boats - R-44, R-71, Krasnodarsky Komsomolets and Kuibyshevsky Komsomolets). The MRK was reactivated from June 1, 1991 and from January 1, 1993 was transferred to the 166th division (due to the disbandment of the 349th division). The ship's commander is captain 3rd rank A.A. Ghukasyan (in the spring of 1995 he became commander of the Zarnitsa MRK). On May 24, 1995, the Grom* MRK, due to significant wear and tear of its material parts and the inability to finance repairs, was excluded from the fleet's operational strength and disarmed at the Chicken Wall berth in Sevastopol. At 12 o'clock on September 26, 1996, the sea tug MB-36* took the hull of the Thunder to the area of ​​future fleet firing for use as a target. During the exercises, the Grom* corps was fired on September 27 by Termit cruise missiles fired from BRAV launchers from Cape Khersones at 11-47, 12-10, 12-35, from MRKs and from the missile cruiser Admiral Golovko. After a direct missile hit on the superstructure on the port side, the Thunder did not sink, but continued to drift out to sea. At the end of the exercise, two missile boats “R-334” and “R-109” approached the ship and tried to sink the Grom missile launcher by firing all their artillery ammunition at it from close range. The R-334 alone fired 1,500 shells from the AK-630M artus tanks, but the Thunder stubbornly refused to sink, although its superstructure was on fire. There were no shells left on the boats and a fire boat arrived to help them, which managed to flood the hull of the burning MRK with water from fire monitors on the evening of October 1, 1996. Known tail numbers: 361,976, 608, 604, 607, 622.

The ship was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard on July 27, 1970 (slipway number C-58). On October 20, 1970, it was given the name “Zarnitsa”. Launched on April 28, 1973 and the Naval flag was raised on July 1, 1973. After completing state tests in Baltiysk, he was enlisted in the Navy by order of the Navy Civil Code No. 0063 dated October 26, 1973. At the same time, by order of the commander of the KChF No. 0055, he was included in the ships of the KChF - in the 166th Red Banner Novorossiysk division of the MRK of the 41st brigade of the RKA (military unit 63872). The first commander of the ship was Lieutenant Commander Albert Nikolaevich Parygin. The MRK was based in Sevastopol on the piers of the Chicken Wall in the Northern Bay. During the period from 1973 to 1997, the Zarnitsa MRK completed 24 missile firings and 7 combat services. The Zarnitsa's first combat service took place from June 10 to August 8, 1975, together with the Grom and PRTB-33 missile launchers. The detachment made a business call to the port of Tartus of the Syrian Arab Republic from July 19 to July 24, 1975. The ship’s second BS took place from June 2 to July 12, 1976, together with the Groza and PRTB-33 MRKs in the Mediterranean Sea. The ships were tracking the aircraft carrier America and its escort 100 miles southeast of the island of Cyprus. By order of the Navy Civil Code dated December 24, 1976, the best tactical commando group in the USSR Navy was declared as part of the Burya and Zarnitsa MRKs (group commander Captain 2nd Rank D.G. Prutskov). The third BS took place in July-August 1977 together with the Briz and PRTB-13 RTOs. In July-September 1979, Zarnitsa carried the fourth BS together with Grom and Breeze in supporting PRTB-13. The fifth BS of the ship took place in April-May 1981 together with “Briz” and “Zyby” in support of “PRTB-13”, the sixth - in May-August 1983 together with “Komsomolets of Mordovia” and “PRTB-33”. In May-July 1984, the same composition of the KUG carried the last BS in the Mediterranean Sea, practicing interaction with long-range naval aviation. In 1981, the tactical KUG, consisting of the Briz and Zarnitsa MRKs, was declared the best in missile training against a naval target and was awarded the challenge prize of the GKVMF (the commander of the tactical group is the commander of the 166th DMRK, captain 3rd rank M.D. Grechukhin). In 1984, a tactical group consisting of MRK "Komsomolets Mordovia" and "Zarnitsa" (group commander - commander of the 166th DMRC, captain 2nd rank V.V. Sedenko) and a tactical group RKA consisting of two missile boats of project 206MR - "R-260 " and "R-262" (group commander - commander of the 349th DRKA, captain 2nd rank V.A. Tsekhanovsky) were declared the best in the Navy in missile firing at a sea target and were awarded challenge prizes of the Navy Civil Code. Based on the results of 1988, the MRK tactical group (Zarnitsa and Mirage) was declared the best in missile shooting in the Navy (group commander - Captain 2nd Rank V.M. Saprykin). Commander of "Zarnitsa" Captain 3rd Rank Yu.I. Parkhomchuk received gratitude and was awarded a diploma, and the commander of the BC-5, senior lieutenant Yu.M. Klyuchenko was thanked. The Zarnitsa sailors retained their high skill even after the collapse of the USSR. The tactical group of the 166th division, consisting of the Mirage and Zarnitsa missile launchers (group commander - division commander captain 2nd rank A.B. Surov) was declared the best in the Navy in missile firing at a sea target and was awarded on September 24, 1993 with a challenge prize of the Navy Civil Code RF. On September 22, 1994, the tactical group of Captain 2nd Rank A.B. Surov, consisting of the Shtil and Zarnitsa MRKs, again repeated the high result achieved. Until March 2002, the commander of the ship, Captain 3(2) Rank Artush, was on the bridge of the Zarnitsa until March 2002 Arminakovich Gukasyan. The ship almost annually participates in the celebration of Russian Navy Day. Thus, on July 28, 1996, the MRK "Zarnitsa" performed demonstration firing from passive jammers in front of the stands. On April 16-17, 1998, the tactical group of the MRK as part of the RKVP "Bora", MRK " Shtil" and "Zarnitsa" took part in the gathering of ships and formations of the Black Sea Fleet. Missile firing was carried out at a complex target position for the prize of the Civil Code of the Russian Navy. KUG (commander - Captain 2nd Rank Kovalevsky A.G.) was declared the best in the Navy in missile firing at a sea target and was awarded a challenge prize of the Navy Civil Code. The Zarnitsa MRK successfully participates in the spring training campaign in 1999 and 2000. In November 2003, the Zarnitsa crew found bosses in the person of the Krasnodar Territory. The MRK commander is Captain 3rd Rank O. A. Semenov signed an agreement on military sponsorship cooperation with the administration of the Krylovsky district of the Krasnodar Territory. Then the MRK is put into reserve due to wear and tear of the hull and lack of funds for repairs. The ship is moored at the Chicken Wall pier and in 2004 is transferred under tugboats to be laid up in Quarantine Bay. Here it is slowly being dismantled, and in the spring of 2005, it is officially expelled from the Navy. Weapons and equipment are dismantled from the RTO; in September 2005, the Zarnitsa hull is transferred to the Kurina Wall pier for final dismantling, and in early November 2005 it is taken to Streletskaya Bay for subsequent dismantling for scrap. Known tail numbers: 363, 973, 972, 606, 607, 621.

MRK "Molniya"

The ship with the serial number S-59 was laid down at the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard on September 30, 1971 and on March 28, 1972 was included in the lists of Navy ships under the name "Molniya". The launch took place on August 27, 1973, the signing of the acceptance certificate took place on December 28, 1973 , and on February 7, 1974, the ship was included in the DKBF under the command of Lieutenant Commander A.V. Bobrakova. By the end of 1974, the Molniya MRK had become the first excellent ship in its class (since the fall of 1974, the ship was commanded by Captain 3rd Rank Viktor Polishchanov). Since January 1974, the Molniya, Volna and Grad MRKs arrived at their new permanent base - in the Winter Harbor of the port of Liepaja. In 1983 and 1985, the Molniya MRK won the prize of the USSR Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG). Underwent a medium overhaul from October 21, 1987 to March 4, 1988 at SRZ-177 in Ust-Dvinsk near Riga. On July 26, 1992, St. Andrew's flag was raised. The ship was part of the 106th MRK division (military unit 72127) of the 76th BRK brigade (military unit 31062) and was based in Liepaja along with the Grad, Storm, Passat, Rainbow and Swell". After the departure of the Baltic Fleet from the Baltic states, the ships of the division moved to Baltiysk and were transferred to the 36th Red Banner Order of Nakhimov, 1st degree, RKA Brigade (military unit 20963) of the 12th missile ship division (military unit 81348). MRK "Molniya" (side number 595) was excluded from the Navy and dismantled for scrap. Known tail numbers: 558, 595.

Enlisted in the list of ships of the USSR Navy on March 28, 1972 and laid down on May 17 (serial number S-60) on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard. The hull of the Shkval MRK was launched on December 28, 1973, and on June 14, 1974, the ship entered service (ship commander, Lieutenant Commander Nikolai Vasilyevich Butochnikov). Since July 16, "Shkval" has been included in the 106th division of the MRK DKBF / Directive of the General Staff of the USSR Navy dated March 12, 1974, the 106th division of small missile ships (MRK "Volna", "Molniya", "Grad" and "Shkval" was formed "The division became part of the 76th destroyer brigade of the 12th division of the RKB. The first commander of the 106th division was captain 3rd rank G.V. Cherokov, and the NS division was captain 3rd rank A.V. Bobrakov). The sailors of the division provided assistance in delivery and preparation for transfer to other fleets of another 12 small missile ships. In November 1975, the MRK intercepted the rebel SKR Storozhevoy, and in November 1981 participated in the operation to free a Soviet diesel submarine that ran aground at the entrance to the Swedish naval base Karlskrona. In 1978, the Shkval MRK won the prize of the USSR Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG). Underwent a medium overhaul at SRZ-177 in Ust-Dvinsk from September 26, 1978 to February 22, 1980 and from December 12, 1984 to July 18, 1985. Withdrew from the fleet on October 1, 1988 and mothballed in Liepaja. After the collapse of the USSR, it was withdrawn to Baltiysk, but was not put into service, although it managed to change the USSR Naval Flag to St. Andrew's on July 26, 1992. In April 1994, the MRK was still mothballed along with the same type "Grad" and "Rainbow". It was later dismantled for metal. Known tail numbers: 551, 567, 565.

The hull of the eleventh MRK of the first series, named "Zarya" (serial number S-61), was laid down at the Leningrad Primorsky Plant on October 18, 1972 and on June 4, 1973 was included in the lists of ships of the USSR Navy. The ship was launched on May 18, 1974, entered service on September 28, 1974 and transferred along the White Sea-Baltic Canal to the North, where it was included in the CSF. In 1982, he won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG). Withdrawn from the fleet on September 11, 1986, mothballed and put into storage in Dolgaya Zapadnaya Bay (Granitny village). On August 10, 1988, it was transferred to lay down at Sayda Bay (Gadzhievo naval base), where on July 26, 1992 it changed the USSR Naval flag to Andreevsky. Expelled from the Russian Navy 5 The lead ship of Project 1234 “Gadfly” was laid down on September 22, 1973 on the slipway of the Vladivostok Shipyard. Enlisted in the list of ships of the USSR Navy on June 4, 1973. The Cyclone (serial number S-1001) was launched on May 24, 1977, 12/5/77. The naval flag was raised on the ship. This day became the ship's birthday and was celebrated annually as a holiday. On December 31, 1977, the ship entered service, and on February 17, 1978, it was included in the KTOF under the command of Captain 3rd Rank Grigory Alekseevich Yuryev. From 10/1/78 The ship was part of the 192nd MRK 165th Red Banner Missile Boat Brigade of the Primorsky Flotilla, stationed in Ulysses Bay in Vladivostok. In 1979, for the first time in the Pacific Fleet, the ship's crew fired the main missile system at maximum range. In the period from June 27, 1985 to 07/15/86 As part of the 119th brigade of the 7th OPEC, he carried out combat service in the Cam Ranh naval base. Since July 4, 1987, the MRK was part of the Kamchatka flotilla of heterogeneous forces (created on December 1, 1945) in the 66th division of the MRK. On July 26, 1992, the St. Andrew's flag was raised on the ship. It was expelled from the Navy on January 17, 1995 and transferred to ARVI for disarmament, dismantling and sale. Disbanded on June 1, 1995 and laid up in the Bogorodskoye Lake Bay (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky). Here the ship was plundered by hunters for non-ferrous metals, who removed the bottom and side fittings and sank at the pier. Raised in 1998 by UPASR Pacific Fleet forces and towed to the water area of ​​SRZ-49 (Seldevaya Bay, Vilyuchinsk), where it was prepared for towing to India for dismantling for metal. Known tail numbers: 430.412, 438.925

Commanders of the MRK "Zarya" ship:

captain 3rd rank Grigory Alekseevich Yuryev 1976-1982 senior lieutenant Yuri Ivanovich Korobko 1990-1993 captain-lieutenant Alexey Alekseevich Rybalochka 1982-1983 senior lieutenant Igor Anatolyevich Sabadakha 1993-199 captain-lieutenant Sergei Anatolyevich Chernov 1983-1990

MRK "Typhoon"

The hull of the second MRK built in the Far East was laid down in Vladivostok on May 10, 1977 and on June 5 was included in the list of ships of the USSR Navy. The launch of the Typhoon (serial number S-1002) took place on August 14, 1979 and on December 30 the ship entered service, and on January 12, 1980 it was included in the KTOF. Since December 1979 to April 1984 The ship was part of the 165th BrKA of the Primorsky flotilla of the KTOF and was located in Bolshoi Ulysses Bay in Vladivostok. Since April 9, 1984, reassigned to KamFlRS KTOF. "Typhoon" was the first small rocket ship as part of the 66th (since 1990 separate) RTO division, which it belonged to from July 29. 84 to December 1, 1995 MRK "Typhoon" was the only ship
Project 1234 from the 66DN MRK, which performed BS tasks (06/10/85 - 05/27/86) in the South China Sea and was part of the 10 OPEC. On July 26, 1992, the St. Andrew's flag was raised on the ship. Due to poor technical condition and the impossibility of further use for its intended purpose, the ship was excluded from the Russian Navy on August 4, 1995 and handed over for disarmament to the ARVI fleet. Disbanded on September 1, 1995 and in 1998 dismantled for metal in the water area of ​​SRZ-49 (Seldevaya Bay, Vilyuchinsk). Known tail numbers: 994,427,400.

Commanders of the MRK Typhoon ship:

Capt.-Lt. Alexander Stanislavovich Sobolevsky 1979-1982 Capt.-Lt. Igor Vyacheslavovich Berezovsky 1986-1988 Capt.-Lt. Vladimir Vasilyevich Filippov 1982-1984 Capt.-Lt. Valery Konstantinovich Kassap 1988-1994 Capt.-Lt. 3rd rank Pavel Maksimovich Chuchulin 1984-1985 Capt. Lieutenant Sergei Ivanovich Kuznetsov 1994-1995 Cap. 3rd rank Alexander Pavlovich Kuzmin 1985-1986

The third ship of Project 1234, built by the Vladivostok Shipyard and part of the KTOF. The Monsoon MRK was part of the 192 DN 165 BrRKA Primorsky Flotilla PC. Since 1982, it has been the leading ship of the formation, the right-flank of the socialist competition. The MRK traveled more than one thousand miles and performed five missile firing tests “excellently.” In 1985, the commander of the Monsoon, Lieutenant Commander S. Kashuba, organized a competition among ship officers for the right to be called the best specialist of the unit, and this title was won by the MRK navigator, Senior Lieutenant V. Chichin, and the BC-1 was recognized as the best in the division. The ship had tail number 401 in 1984, 414 in 1987 and was supposed to take part in the spring fleet exercises.

The death of the Monsoon MRK

On April 16, 1987, "Monsoon", while at a naval exercise, was hit by a training target missile RM-15M, launched from a missile boat R-42 from a distance of 21 km (the target missile was not repelled by the ship's self-defense means). The missile pierced the left side of the Monsoon's superstructure in the area of ​​the radio room; the fuel and oxidizer, mixed during the destruction of the rocket, ignited.
The fire quickly engulfed the ship (which was facilitated by the use of an aluminum-magnesium alloy in the ship's structure); The fire extinguishing systems failed, the ship lost power, and intra-ship communications were lost. The struggle for the survivability of the ship continued from 18:43 until midnight, when it, completely burned out, lost buoyancy and sank at a depth of 2900 m, 33 nautical miles south of the island. Askold.
As a result of the disaster, 39 crew members died, another 37 people were saved.

The ship was laid down on February 19, 1973 in Leningrad (serial number S-62) and entered the list of Navy ships on June 4, 1973. The launch took place on August 10, 1974, and the Metel MRK was transferred along inland waterways to the White Sea to undergo state acceptance tests. It entered service on December 8, 1974 and from January 23, 1975 was included in the KSF. In 1982 he won the prize of the USSR Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG). Underwent a medium overhaul from September 28, 1990 to August 27, 1992 at SRZ-82 in the village of Roslyakovo.
On March 16, 1998, it was expelled from the Navy, handed over to the Northern Fleet ARVI for disarmament, dismantling and sale, and disbanded on May 1, 1998. Known tail number - 923(1977), 534(1979), 542

MRK "Storm"

Enlisted in the list of ships of the USSR Navy on June 4, 1973 and on October 20 it was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard. Launched on March 3, 1975, entered service on June 15, 1975. Manned by a Black Sea crew and originally intended for service in the KChF, but on July 21 included in the DKBF. Won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG) in 1983, 1985 and 1987. Raising the St. Andrew's flag - July 26, 1992. On March 3, 1993, it began to carry out major repairs to the SRZ-ZZ berth in Baltiysk, but never completed it due to lack of funding. Expelled on March 16, 1998 from the Russian Navy and transferred to the ARVI Baltic Fleet for disarmament, dismantling and sale, and on May 1, 1998 - disbanded. Purchased by Litan CJSC for cutting into scrap metal. Known tail numbers: 902,577.

The MRK, named "Rainbow" (serial number S-64), was included in the lists of ships of the USSR Navy on June 4, 1973 and was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard on January 16, 1974. Launched on June 20, 1975, entered service on December 1 and was included in the DKBF on December 26, 1975 under the command of Captain 3rd Rank Vyacheslav Georgievich Kharybin. In November 1981, the Raduga MRK participated in ensuring the passage of a Soviet submarine refloated at the Swedish naval base Karlskrona. Three times he won the prize of the USSR Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG) - in 1983, 1985 and 1987. Underwent a medium overhaul at the Shipyard-ZZ in Baltiysk from October 11, 1991 to October 1, 1993. Raising the St. Andrew's flag - July 26, 1992. Expelled from the Navy on July 5, 1994 and transferred to ARVI for disarmament, dismantling and sale. Disbanded on December 1, 1994. Known tail numbers: 565, 597, 564,582

Built within the framework of Project 1234, code “Gadfly”. Launched on May 24, 1977, and entered service on December 31, 1977, and already on February 17, 1978. became part of the Red Banner Pacific Fleet (KTOF).
Since May 1985 to May 1986 Together with the Typhoon MRK - BS to Vietnam, South China Sea, Cam Ranh Bay. 07/26/1992 changed the USSR Naval flag to St. Andrew's.
Board numbers: 430, 438, 425(1984), 435(1985), 412(05.1987), 444(05.1990). Decommissioned: 1995

This is a high-speed small-sized boat armed with various types of missiles. For the first time, a ship equipped with missiles was designed by Soviet designers. The USSR Navy adopted a ship of this class for service in the 60s. XX century. It was a fast and maneuverable ship 183 R "Komar". The floating vehicle was armed with two missiles. The second Soviet model with four P-15 missiles was the Project 205 missile boat. Subsequently, Israel became the owner of a Saar-type vessel equipped with missile launchers.

Missile boat “Komar”

Combat use

The boats are designed to destroy enemy surface targets. These can be transport, landing, artillery vessels, naval groups and their cover. Another function of a high-speed boat is to cover “their” ships from sea and air threats. They operate both offshore and far out to sea.

The first baptism of fire of a missile boat occurred during the conflict between Egypt and Israel, and was marked by the destruction of an Israeli destroyer. The destroyer was destroyed by P-15 missiles fired by the Egyptian Komar. This incident demonstrated the effectiveness of ships of this class in military applications and thereby convinced many states of the need to create boats with missiles on board.

Boat “Komar”

Projects 205 and 205U “Moskit”

Project 205 “Mosquito” was developed by the Almaz design bureau in the mid-1950s. The boats had a steel hull. Engineers enhanced the vehicle's armament and seaworthiness. Another difference from the model 183P boat was the rounded ship superstructure and the special shape of the deck, which allows you to quickly wash away radioactive contamination. The power plant consisted of a 42-cylinder M503 radial diesel engine. The boat became part of the Soviet Navy in 1960.

Boat “Mosquito”

In the early 60s. The Almaz design organization developed the 205U boat. This ship was armed with a modernized P-15U missile. The rocket's wing automatically opened upon takeoff. Also installed on board were two double 30mm AK-230 artillery mounts.

Boats of these projects were participants in several serious military conflicts:

1. The conflict between Egypt and Israel in the 70s. XX century
2. 1971 Pakistan-India War
3. War between Arab countries and Israel in 1973
4. Iran-Iraq war of the 80s.
5. The war between US and Iraqi troops in the early 90s.

Project 205 missile boat

Rocket boat design

At first, missile boats had the hull of a torpedo boat. Torpedoes were removed from the ship and missiles were installed. But as they were used, a number of new requirements for the vessel appeared:

• Specially equipped containers for weapons and special missile launchers were required for use on the ship.
• It was necessary to change the superstructure and some parts of the deck to remove jet gases when launching missiles, as well as to protect the crew and on-board equipment.
• It became necessary to equip with powerful radar systems for controlling and detecting missiles.
• The boat's displacement has increased. The average displacement of water ranges from 170 to 1.5 thousand tons.
• The hull is made of steel and has a smooth deck. The superstructure of the missile boat is made of high-strength aluminum alloys. The vertical walls of the case are waterproof. The length of the hull ranges from 30 to 65 meters, and the width is up to 17 meters.
• The power plant of missile ships, as a rule, has gas turbine or diesel engines. But, for example, the Molniya missile boat is equipped with a combined type propulsion system: two afterburning turbines of the M-70 model and two M-510 diesel engines. They drive fixed pitch propellers. This increases the speed capabilities of the vessel – up to 40 knots. The range is approximately 1,500 miles at an average speed of 20 knots.
• The seaworthiness of the vessels is quite high. This was achieved due to the rounded design of the bow, deck and special superstructure, high displacement.
• In the event of a shipwreck, life rafts are evenly spaced around the entire perimeter.
• The crew of the missile boats ranges from 27 to 78 people. Thus, the Molniya missile boats of projects 12418, 12411 and 12421 carry 40-41 sailors and officers on board. And on the large Bora missile boat there are 78, including the ship’s commander. The personnel are housed in cabins and cockpits.

Missile boat armament

Already from the name itself you can understand that the main weapons of the boat are missile, anti-aircraft and artillery installations of various modifications and types. All installations have precise homing systems and, unlike artillery, a longer range.

The main equipment is several types of missile launchers. The first PRU "Osa-M". This complex can independently detect targets. For this purpose, the installation is equipped with a locator. It helps to see an object located at an altitude of up to 4 km and a distance of up to 30 km. The complex also consists of means for setting targets and sighting missiles, equipment for transmitting commands and a remote control for three operators.

The second installation that the boat is equipped with is the Moskit anti-ship missile system. It is designed to destroy surface objects. The missiles are resistant to the effects of a nuclear explosion. The complex is used in coastal defense and naval aviation. The Mosquito is capable of penetrating any ship's hull and exploding inside the vessel. It has a combined control system: navigation and homing. This guarantees a high hit on target.

Another installation intended for installation on ships is “Malachite”. This Russian-style cruise missile destroys surface ships. Malachite is a more powerful modification of the first P-70 Amethyst cruise missile.

Its control system includes:

• Autopilot APLI-5;
• Radar system "Dvina";
• Thermal system "Drofa".

Small rocket ship "Bora"

For example, a rocket Bora» equipped with:

• Two Moskit launchers for 8 3M80 missiles;
• One paired launcher of the Osa-M anti-aircraft missile system for 20 missiles;
• One 76-mm AK-176 and two 30-mm AK-630.

Small rocket ship “Mirage”

• Six launchers of Malachite anti-ship missiles, loaded with 6 P-120 missiles each;
• One 76-mm AK-176 and 30-mm AK-630;
• One paired Osa-M anti-aircraft missile system for 20 missiles.

Small rocket ship “Ivanovets”

• Four Mosquito launchers for 4 missiles;
• One 76-mm AK-176 and one 30-mm AK-630;
• One anti-aircraft installation "Igla".

Vessels use active and passive target detection. Navigation and radar systems are located at the top of the control room. Typically, Monolith or Harpoon model radars are installed. On the superstructure of the craft there is a Vympel radar system and equipment that warns of laser irradiation, Spectr-F. The boats are able to recognize the nationality of nearby ships. For this purpose, the board is equipped with a special “friend or foe” device.

Modern missile boats

The Russian Navy can be proud of the fact that it has had a large number of missile boats in its service over the years. Many of their representatives are exported to other countries: Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, India, Vietnam, Turkmenistan, Yemen, Egypt.

A total of 62 models and modifications of missile boats were designed. Here are the main operating boats:

1. "Bora" - in service since 1984
2. Boat R-60 project 12411 – since 1985
3. The Mirage boat was put into service in 1983
4. R-71 "Shuya" has been in service with the Russian Navy since 1985
5. R-109 project 12411 – in service since 1990
6. The Naberezhnye Chelny boat has been operating since 1989
7. Small missile ship "Ivanovets" - since 1990
8. "Samum" project 1239 was accepted into the fleet in 1991
9. The boat "Shtil" has been in the fleet since 1976.

All of them have powerful, latest equipment and weapons that meet world standards of military equipment.

The small rocket ship "Liven" of project 1234.1, code "Ovod-1", was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard in Leningrad and became the last in a series of 15 ships built at the plant.

Designed to destroy sea and coastal targets.

The Liven MRK was laid down on September 28, 1988, construction number 83. Launched on May 8, 1991. On October 25, 1991 it was put into operation. On February 11, 1992, it was included in the Baltic Fleet.

Board numbers: 475 (1991), 551 (since 1991).

Main characteristics: Full displacement 730 tons, standard 640 tons. Length 59.3 meters, beam 11.8 meters, draft 3.08 meters. Maximum speed 34 knots, economical speed 12 knots. Cruising range 3500 nautical miles at 18 knots. Autonomy 10 days. The crew consists of 64 people, including 10 officers and 14 midshipmen.

Power plant: 3 M-507A diesel engines with a total power of 30,000 horsepower, 3 shafts.

Armament: 6 Malachite anti-ship missile launchers (6 P-120 missiles), 1x76-mm AK-176 artillery mount, 1x6 30-mm AK-630 artillery mount, 1x2 Osa-M air defense missile launchers (20 missiles), radio-electronic equipment.

In July 1996, he took part in the naval parade in St. Petersburg dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the Russian fleet.

In May 1999, he visited the Swedish naval base at Karlskrona.

In May 2004, he took part in the naval parade on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of Kronstadt.

According to a report dated March 27, 2014, the crew of the ship fired artillery and missiles at surface and air targets of various sizes located at different distances from the ship.

On May 7, 2015, in Baltiysk, under the leadership of the Chief of Staff of the Baltic Fleet, Rear Admiral Sergei Popov, a naval parade of warships of the fleet was held with the participation of naval aviation, in which he took part.

According to a message dated July 4, 2016, to hold a parade of ships and a military sports festival in honor of Russian Navy Day. According to a report dated October 27, the detachment of warships of the Baltic Fleet successfully fired artillery at targets.

According to a message dated April 14, 2017, in accordance with the combat training plan at the naval training ground, air and sea targets of a mock enemy from the Osa anti-aircraft missile system. According to a message dated May 4, he headed for St. Petersburg, where he will take part in the naval part of the military parade dedicated to the 72nd anniversary of the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. According to a message dated June 16, in accordance with the combat training plan of the Baltic Fleet, in training grounds located in the Baltic Sea, together with a small missile ship, artillery fire was successfully fired at targets simulating air attack weapons of a mock enemy. According to a report dated June 26, a missile duel with a detachment of mock enemy ships.

According to a report dated May 21, 2018, he was at sea, where he conducted artillery firing at targets simulating a floating sea mine and air attack weapons of a mock enemy. According to a message dated July 5, to Kronstadt to prepare for the Main Naval Parade, which will take place on July 29 in St. Petersburg and Kronstadt.

According to a report dated April 12, 2019, the naval strike group successfully launched electronic missiles at targets simulating a detachment of warships of a mock enemy.

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