WRC topics on logistics. Topics in logistics for masters. Warehouse logistics using the example of Top-Kniga LLC

Final qualifying work

Warehouse logistics using the example of Top-Kniga LLC

Introduction

The emergence and development of logistics

1 Concept of logistics

2 Prerequisites for the development of logistics

Logistics functions

1 Logistics operations and functions

2 List of main logistics functions

Logistics systems

1 Properties of logistics systems

2 Types of logistics systems

Material flows and logistics operations

1 The concept of material flow

Inventory and cost management in logistics systems

1. The essence and role of inventories in logistics

2 Organizational inventory management

3 Applying inventory management models using ABC and XYZ distributions

Concept, types and functions of warehouses

1 Warehouses, their concept and role in logistics

2 Types of warehouses

3. Functions of warehouses

4 Warehouse as an element of the logistics system

Warehousing system

1 Concept of warehousing system

2 Logistics process in a warehouse

3 Cargo processing: goals, principles

4 Organization of goods acceptance

5 Organization of placement, stowage and storage

6 Selection of assortment to order from wholesale buyers

7 Level of logistics service

Warehouse logistics at the TOP-KNIGA LLC enterprise

1 a brief description of enterprises

2 Goals and objectives of logistics at the enterprise TOP-KNIGA LLC

3 Enterprise inventory management

Organization of warehouse management at the TOP-KNIGA LLC enterprise

1 Organization of placement and storage of products in warehouse No. 1 of the TOP-KNIGA LLC enterprise

2 Use of automatic bar code identification at the enterprise

3 Address warehouse

4 Work of warehouse personnel

Problems arising in warehouses

1 Safety measures applied at the TOP-KNIGA LLC enterprise

2 Rational use of warehouse space

3 Improving logistics services at the enterprise

4 Problems solved by the Warehouse Logistics Department

5 Logistics analysis of warehouse operation

Conclusion

Bibliography

Appendix 1. Warehouse characteristics

Appendix 2. Purchase schedule

Appendix 3. Purchase verification

Appendix 4. Shelf check

Appendix 5. Spread control sheet

Appendix 6. Combined invoice

Introduction

Activities in the field of logistics are multifaceted. It includes management of transport, warehousing, inventories, personnel, organization of information systems, commercial activities and much more. The novelty of the logistics approach is an organic mutual connection, connecting areas of activity with the aim of creating material-conducting systems that are harmoniously organized, easily managed and highly efficient.

The goal of logistics as a science is the study of logistically organized systems, their patterns, practical activities and providing them with functions.

The subject of the study of logistics is material and related information flows. The relevance of the study of logistics is due to the potential for increasing the efficiency of the functioning of material-conducting systems. Logistics makes it possible to significantly reduce the time interval between the acquisition of raw materials and semi-finished products and the delivery of the finished product to the consumer, and contributes to a sharp reduction in the costs of storing and transporting goods. The use of logistics speeds up the process of obtaining information, increases the level of service, which helps a modern enterprise not only find its “niche” in the market, but also survive and succeed in its chosen field in the conditions of existing competition.

The object of the study is the warehouse facilities of the retail and wholesale enterprise TOP-KNIGA LLC - an operating enterprise with a large number of branches (warehouses, stores) in different cities of Russia. The company is engaged in the storage and sale of printed materials, stationery, and toys. The assortment consists of several hundred thousand items. Warehouses have an address storage system that has been proven over the years.

The purpose of the thesis is to familiarize yourself with the basic concepts of logistics and management in logistics systems, in particular, warehouse logistics is considered using the example of the retail and wholesale enterprise TOP-KNIGA LLC.

To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

consider how logistics systems are built at an enterprise, how they function in relation to a warehouse;

show how, with minimal cost, you can increase the collection speed, thanks to small transformations in the address storage system, how to achieve an increase in the number of order collections;

find out which warehouse is more profitable for the company to use: rented or own;

analyze the organization of warehousing using the example of TOP-KNIGA LLC;

propose directions for improving the organization of work and technical equipment of the warehouse facilities of TOP-KNIGA LLC.

Theoretical and information basis The thesis consisted of the works of domestic economists, regulations, statistical and material reporting of the enterprise.

Structurally, the work consists of an introduction, ten chapters and a conclusion.

1. The emergence and development of logistics

1 Concept of logistics

The term “logistics,” until recently known only to a narrow circle of specialists, is now becoming widespread. The main reason for this phenomenon is that the concept began to be used in economics. The widespread use of logistics in the economy began in the 60-70s. XX century and is associated with achievements in the field of communication technologies.

So what is “logistics”?

Today, logistics includes the management of human, energy, financial and other flows that take place in economic systems. The term “logistics” begins to be used in situations involving clear planning of an agreed sequence of actions. We can get acquainted with some definitions given to logistics:

Logistics is an interdisciplinary scientific field associated with the search for new opportunities to increase the efficiency of material flows.

Another group of definitions considers logistics as an economic activity:

Logistics is a direction of economic activity that involves managing material flows in the areas of production and circulation.

The logistics dictionary gives the following definition:

Logistics is the science of planning, control and management of transportation, warehousing and other tangible and intangible operations performed in the process of bringing raw materials and materials manufacturing enterprise, in-plant processing of raw materials, materials and semi-finished products, bringing finished products to the consumer in accordance with the interests and requirements of the latter, as well as transferring, storing and processing relevant information.

As an economic activity, logistics is presented in the following definition:

Logistics is the process of managing the movement and storage of raw materials, components and finished products in economic circulation from the moment of payment of money to suppliers until the moment of receiving money for delivery of finished products to the consumer (the principle of paying money - receiving money).

2 Prerequisites for the development of logistics

The need to use logistics is explained by a number of reasons, among which the main ones are the following:

Development of competition. Its development is caused by the transition from a seller's market to a buyer's market.

Energy crisis of the 70s.

With the logistics approach, a service is allocated and receives significant rights at the enterprise, the priority task of which is to manage end-to-end material flows, i.e. flows that come from outside to supply service warehouses, production workshops, finished product warehouses and then go to consumers. As a result, the material flow indicators at the exit from the enterprise become manageable.

The possibility of using logistics in the economy is due to modern achievements of scientific and technological progress (NTP). As a result of scientific and technical progress, various means of labor are created and begin to be widely used for working with material and information flows. It becomes possible to use equipment that meets the specific conditions of logistics processes. At the same time, computerization of logistics process management plays a key role in the development of logistics.

The main reasons why, since the 60s. XX century in economically developed countries there has been a sharp increase in interest in the logistics idea, which is as follows:

turning a seller's market into a buyer's market;

ensuring competitive advantages of logistically organized material-conducting systems by reducing production costs and improving the quality of supplies;

energy crisis;

scientific and technological progress and, first of all, computerization of management.

A necessary condition for the development of domestic logistics was the elimination of economic prerequisites for the reproduction of monopolistic tendencies and scientific and technological progress in production and circulation.

The specificity of the logistics approach lies in the joint solution of problems of managing material flows, for example, the joint solution of problems of organizing warehousing and related transport.

At the first stage, transport and warehouse, previously connected only by the operation of loading or unloading, acquire close mutual ties. They begin to work towards one economic result according to a single schedule and using a single agreed technology. The interaction of warehousing and transportation with production planning makes it possible to reduce inventories, improve the quality of customer service through timely fulfillment of orders, and improve the use of equipment.

In the areas of production and distribution, the use of logistics allows:

reduce inventories along the entire route of material flow;

reduce the time it takes for goods to pass through the logistics chain;

reduce transportation costs;

reduce costs manual labor nor the corresponding costs of the cargo transaction.

Reduction of inventories when using logistics is ensured due to a high degree of coordination of actions of participants in logistics processes, by increasing the reliability of supplies, rational distribution of inventories, etc.

The overall qualities of logistics systems represent the ability of these systems to realize the ultimate goal, which is called the “Six Rules of Logistics”:

PRODUCT - the right product(material product);

QUALITY - required quality;

QUANTITY - in required quantity;

TIME - must be delivered at the right time;

PLACE - to the right place;

COSTS - with minimal costs.

The goal of logistics activity is considered achieved if these six conditions are met, that is, the right product of the required quality in the required quantity is delivered at the right time to the right place at minimal cost.

The novelty of logistics lies, first of all, in the change of priorities between various types economic activity in favor of increasing the importance of materials management activities.

2. Logistics functions

1 Logistics operations and functions

A logistics operation is any action that is not subject to further decomposition within the framework of the assigned research or management task, associated with the emergence, transformation or absorption of material and accompanying flows (information, financial, service).

Logistics operations include such actions as loading, unloading, packaging, transshipment from one mode of transport to another, sorting, labeling, etc. Logistics operations associated with related information and financial flows can be the collection, storage and transmission of information about material flow, settlements with suppliers, buyers of goods, cargo insurance, etc.

A logistics function is a separate set of logistics operations aimed at implementing the tasks assigned to the logistics system and its links.

2 List of main logistics functions

Each of the listed functions represents a fairly homogeneous (from the point of view of purpose) set of actions; all functions are interconnected and aimed at managing material flows. The bearers of functions are the subjects participating in the logistics process.

Formation of economic relations for the supply of goods or provision of services, their development, adjustment and rationalization.

Determination of volumes and directions of material flows.

Forecasts for assessing transportation needs.

Determining the sequence of goods promotion through storage areas, determining the optimal warehouse linkage ratio when organizing product distribution.

Development, placement and organization of warehouse facilities.

Inventory management in the circulation sector.

Carrying out transportation, as well as all necessary operations along the way of goods to their destinations.

Performing operations immediately preceding and completing the transportation of goods.

Warehouse operations management.

The criterion for the effectiveness of the implementation of logistics functions is the degree of achievement ultimate goal logistics activities expressed by the Six Rules of Logistics.

3. Logistics systems

The concept of a logistics system is one of the basic concepts of logistics. The movement of material flows is carried out by qualified personnel using a variety of equipment: transport, loading and unloading devices, etc. Various buildings and structures are involved in the logistics process; the progress of the process significantly depends on the degree of preparedness for it of the moving goods themselves and periodically accumulated in stocks. Logistics poses and solves the problem of designing harmonious, coordinated logistics systems, with given parameters of output material flows.

The logistics system is complex, organizationally complete economic system, which consists of element-links (subsystems) interconnected in a single process of managing material and related flows, and the tasks of functioning of these links are united by the internal goals of the business organization and external goals.

1 Properties of logistics systems

The first property: a system is an integral collection of elements that interact with each other. At the macro level, when a material flow passes from one enterprise to another, these enterprises themselves, as well as the transport connecting them, can be considered as elements. At the micro level, the logistics system can be presented in the form of the following subsystems:

Purchasing is a subsystem that ensures the flow of material into the logistics subsystem.

Production planning and management - this subsystem receives material flow from the procurement subsystem and manages it in the process of performing various technological operations that transform an object of labor into a product of labor.

Sales is a subsystem that ensures the disposal of material flow from the logistics system.

The second property: there are significant connections between the elements of the logistics system, which naturally determine the integrative qualities. In macrologistics systems, the basis of the connection between elements is the contract. In micrologistics systems, elements are connected by intra-production relations.

The third property: the connections between the elements of the logistics system are ordered in a certain way, i.e. The logistics system has an organization.

Fourth property: the logistics system has integrative qualities that are not characteristic of any of the elements separately. This is the ability to deliver goods on time at the right time, in the right place, of the required quality, at minimal cost, as well as the ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions.

A macrologistics system is a large material flow management system, covering enterprises and industrial organizations, intermediary, trade and transport organizations of various departments located in different regions of the country or in different countries. It represents a certain infrastructure of the economy of a region, country or group of countries. The formation of macro-logistics systems in interstate programs requires the creation of a single economic space, a single market without internal borders, customs obstacles to the transportation of goods, capital, information, and labor resources.

Micrologistics systems are subsystems, structural components of macrologistics systems. They represent a class of intra-production logistics systems, which include technologically related production units united by a single infrastructure. Connections between individual micrologistics systems are established on the basis of commodity-money relations.

2 Types of logistics systems

There are three types of logistics systems:

Logistics systems with direct connections. The material flow in them passes directly from the manufacturer of the product to its consumer, bypassing intermediaries.

Layered logistics systems. In such systems, there is at least one intermediary on the path of the material flow.

Flexible logistics systems. Here, the movement of material flow from the manufacturer of a product to its consumer can be carried out either directly or through intermediaries.

Figure 1 shows an example diagram of a logistics system.

Rice. 1. Logistics system

The main object of analysis of an integrated logistics system is its logistics cycle - a time-integrated set of functional cycles. The structure of the logistics cycle includes the following component cycles:

Order cycle;

Inventory creation (maintenance) cycle;

Customer order processing cycle;

Cycle of purchasing and placing orders;

Production cycle;

Customer order collection cycle and documentation preparation;

Cycle of analysis and reporting.

Logistics systems that use the just-in-time principle are pull systems in which orders for replenishment of material resources or finished products are placed when their quantity in certain links of the logistics system reaches a critical level.

The RP concept of “requirements/resource planning” is often contrasted with the “just-in-time” concept, because “push” type systems are based on it. Such systems are characterized by the production of parts, components, semi-finished products and the assembly of finished products from them.

4. Material flows and logistics operations

1 The concept of material flow

Material flow refers to cargo, parts, inventory items, considered in the process of applying various logistics operations to them and assigned to a time interval.

Material flows can flow between different enterprises or within one enterprise. Along the path of cargo movement, various operations are carried out with it: unloading, palletizing, moving, unpacking, storing, etc. These are logistics operations. Figure 2 shows the movement of material flows through warehouse areas using logistics operations.

Rice. 2. Schematic diagram material flow in the enterprise warehouse wholesale trade

The amount of work for a separate operation, calculated for a certain period of time, for a month, for a year, represents the material flow for the corresponding operation. For example, the material flow for unloading wagons and placing goods on pallets for a wholesale trade enterprise with a warehouse area of ​​5 thousand m2 according to the project is 4383 tons/year.

Let us assume that the cost of performing a particular operation in a warehouse is precisely known and the total warehouse costs can be represented as the sum of the costs of performing individual operations. Then, by changing the route of material flow inside the warehouse, costs can be minimized. You can reduce warehouse costs as much as possible by sending goods from the storage area directly to the loading area. This means refusal to select assortment in the picking area, as well as refusal to deliver goods to customers (operations in the dispatch expedition). However, by refusing to provide services, the enterprise loses its position in the market, which is also accompanied by economic losses. Finding an acceptable compromise is possible only with an established cost accounting system that allows you to generate information about the most significant costs that arise in the process of performing logistics operations, as well as about the nature of the interaction of these costs with each other.

In the warehouses of a wholesale trade enterprise, material flows are calculated, as a rule, for individual sections. To do this, the volume of work for all logistics operations carried out in a given area is summed up. The total material flow for the entire wholesale trade enterprise is determined by the summation of material flows flowing in individual areas.

Towards logistics system material flow can be:

external - occurs in the environment external to the enterprise. These are not any goods moving outside the enterprise, but those to which the enterprise is related;

internal - formed as a result of logistics operations with goods within the logistics system;

input - enters the logistics system from the external environment;

output - comes from the logistics system to the external environment.

Based on their natural composition, material flows are divided into single-assortment and multi-assortment. This separation is necessary because the assortment composition of the flow significantly affects the work with it. For example, the logistics process at a wholesale food market selling meat, fish, vegetables, fruits and groceries will be different from the logistics process at a potato warehouse that deals with one item of cargo. Based on quantity, material flows can be massive, large, medium and small.

Mass flow is a flow that occurs during the transportation of goods not by a single vehicle, but by a group of them, for example, a train, a convoy of vehicles, a convoy of ships.

Large flows - several wagons, cars.

Medium flows - occupy the gap between large and small. These include flows that form cargo arriving in single wagons or vehicles.

Small flows produce amounts of cargo that do not allow full use of the carrying capacity Vehicle and requiring combination with other cargo during transportation.

5. Inventory and cost management in logistics systems

Inventory management has a serious impact on the activities of the enterprise as a whole. On the one hand, a shortage of raw materials or finished products can lead to large losses in production or loss of market share, and on the other hand, an oversaturation of warehouses with inventories leads to their obsolescence, damage and ineffective investment of the enterprise's working capital.

Logistics costs are the costs of performing logistics operations. The costs of logistics operations include both part of the distribution costs and part of production.

The main components of logistics costs are:

transportation and procurement costs

inventory holding costs

As the quality of the logistics system's operating results increases to a certain level, logistics costs grow linearly, then exponentially.

Rice. 3. Dependence of logistics costs on the quality of the results of the logistics system

The specificity of cost accounting in logistics is the summation of all costs associated with the implementation of the process. An effective method for managing material flows is total cost analysis. Full cost analysis means taking into account all economic changes that arise from any changes in the logistics system. The use of this method means identifying all costs in the logistics system and regrouping them in such a way that will reduce total costs. The use of total cost analysis assumes the possibility of varying the price when searching for solutions, i.e. increase costs in one area if this will lead to savings throughout the system. Figuratively, the idea of ​​the method can be represented as an iceberg, the surface of which is the clearly visible cost of the solution, the total mass of the iceberg is the total costs associated with the solution. A decision made without taking into account the underwater part of the iceberg will be erroneous.

Rice. 4 “Iceberg” of total costs

Depending on the behavior of costs when the volume of work with material flow changes, they are divided into constant and variable (they change in proportion to the change in the volume of activity). Direct costs are expenses that are directly related to the cost object. Indirect - not directly related to the cost object (maintenance of equipment reserve, reserve work force). Regulated costs - which can be managed at the level of the responsibility center, unregulated - costs that cannot be influenced (regulated at the level of the company as a whole). Depending on the type of logistics function, costs are divided into transport, storage costs, etc.

1 The essence and role of inventories in logistics

Inventories are material assets awaiting production or personal consumption, a form of material flow that takes place at a certain time in a certain place.

The material flow along the path from the primary source of raw materials to the final consumer can accumulate in the form of reserves at any site. There is always a cost associated with stockpiling. The main costs associated with the creation and maintenance of reserves are:

frozen funds;

expenses for maintaining specially equipped premises;

remuneration of special personnel;

constant risk of damage and theft.

Carrying inventory is an expense. However, the lack of inventory is also an expense, only expressed in the form of various losses. The main types of losses associated with the lack of inventory include:

losses from production downtime;

losses from the lack of goods in stock at the time of demand;

losses from the purchase of small quantities of goods at higher prices, etc.

Rational inventory management allows you to ensure uninterrupted production and trading processes with minimal costs for maintaining inventory.

The main motives that guide entrepreneurs when creating inventories are:

possibility of demand fluctuations. Demand for a product is subject to fluctuations, which are not always possible to accurately predict. Therefore, if you do not have a sufficient safety stock, a situation cannot be ruled out when effective demand will not be satisfied, that is, the entrepreneur risks being left without goods on the shelves and letting the client go with money and without a purchase. It is also important to take into account seasonal fluctuations in demand for certain types of goods. This mainly concerns agricultural products.

discounts for purchasing large quantities of goods.

speculation. The price of some types of goods may increase significantly. An enterprise that was able to foresee this growth creates a reserve in order to make a profit due to changes in market prices.

reduction of costs associated with placing and delivering an order. The process of placing and delivering each new order is accompanied by a number of costs: administrative costs associated with searching for a supplier, negotiations with him, business trips, long-distance negotiations, etc.; order transportation costs.

These costs can be reduced by reducing the number of orders, which is equivalent to increasing the volume of the ordered batch and increasing the stock size.

the likelihood of violation of the established delivery schedule. In this case, the stock is necessary so that the trading process does not stop, which is especially important for goods that play a significant role in generating the enterprise’s profit. In production, unplanned process stoppages are most dangerous for enterprises with a continuous production cycle.

the ability to smoothly carry out production and distribution operations. These two types of activities are closely related: what is produced is distributed. In the absence of inventories, the intensity of material flows in the distribution system fluctuates in accordance with changes in production intensity. The presence of stocks in the distribution system allows the sales process to be carried out more evenly, regardless of the situation in production. The presence of reserves in production smooths out fluctuations in the supply of raw materials and semi-finished products and ensures the uniformity of the production process.

possibility of immediate customer service. You can fulfill customer orders different ways: produce the ordered goods, purchase them or issue them immediately from existing stock. The last method is the most expensive, since it requires maintaining a stock. However, in a competitive environment, the ability to immediately satisfy an order can be decisive in the fight for the consumer.

minimizing downtime due to lack of spare parts. Equipment breakdowns and various accidents can lead to a stop in the production process in the absence of spare parts.

simplification of the production management process. We are talking about creating stocks of semi-finished products at various stages of production within the enterprise.

The listed reasons indicate that entrepreneurs, both in trade and industry, are forced to create inventories, since otherwise distribution costs increase, i.e., profits decrease. At the same time, the reserve should not exceed a certain optimal value.

2 Organizational inventory management

The main goal of inventory management is to prevent production shortages.

There are many models for enterprise inventory management. The main models include:

inventory management model with a fixed order size (the order size is calculated once and does not change again);

an inventory management model with a fixed time interval between orders (the delivery interval can be adjusted taking into account the characteristics of the company’s logistics system);

an inventory management model with a set frequency of replenishing inventories to a constant level (to prevent overestimation of inventory volumes or shortages, orders are made not only at a set time, but also when the inventory reaches a threshold level);

model of inventory management based on minimum-maximum and with a constant frequency of replenishment of stocks (orders are made provided that stocks are equal to or less than the established level).

3 Applying inventory management models using ABC and XYZ distributions

In logistics, ABC analysis is used with the goal of reducing inventory levels, reducing the number of movements in a warehouse, reducing the theft of material assets, and also pursuing other goals. The practice of various companies has shown that inventories can be divided into three groups, and the following trend is observed: there are much fewer product items in the most expensive group than in the average group, and in the middle group there are much fewer items than in the cheapest group.

The idea of ​​ABC analysis is to identify the most significant from the point of view of the designated goal from the entire set of objects of the same type. Such objects, as a rule, are few in number, and it is to them that you need to pay attention and effort.

The ABC method, widely used in logistics, involves dividing a set of managed objects into three parts. In this case, the average statistical distribution looks like this:

Table 1

Percentage of groups using the ABC method

The first key step in conducting an ABC analysis is to determine the purpose of the analysis. The same set of objects will be divided into subsets A, B and C in different ways, depending on the purpose of the analysis.

The second stage is the identification of control objects analyzed by the ABC method.

Identification of the characteristic on the basis of which the classification of management objects will be carried out is the third stage. After the classification criterion has been determined, each of the objects (assortment position, supplier, etc.) is evaluated according to the intended characteristic. Then the control objects are grouped in descending order of the selected characteristic. The top, insignificant part of the ordered list will play a key role in terms of the intended goal.

When managing inventories, it is necessary to take into account the nature of consumption of inventories, as well as the accuracy of forecasting changes in their demand. XYZ analysis will help us with this.

The principle of differentiation of the assortment in the process of XYZ analysis differs from the principle of ABC analysis; here the entire assortment is divided into three groups depending on the degree of uniformity of demand and forecasting accuracy.

Group X includes goods for which demand is uniform or subject to slight fluctuations. The sales volume for products in this group is well predictable.

Group Y includes goods for which demand fluctuates. This group may include goods with seasonal demand. The forecasting capabilities of this group are average.

Group Z includes goods for which demand arises only occasionally. It is difficult to predict sales volumes.

To determine the group indicator, the following formula is used:

where v is the indicator of group XYZ,

xi is the value of demand for the product in the i-th period,

x - average demand for the period,

n - number of periods.

It is difficult to recommend inventory management models for this type of classification because it is impossible to accurately correlate purchasing, storage, inventory, and stockout costs. But this classification, together with the ABC classification, allows you to divide inventories into nine blocks, each of which has two characteristics: the cost of inventories and the accuracy of forecasting the need for them.

table 2

Increasing and decreasing forecasting accuracy with simultaneous sorting using the ABC and XYZ methods

Individual control methods are selected for AX, AY, AZ. For AH, you can calculate the optimal purchase size and apply a model with a fixed order size. This cannot be done for AZ, so you need to create a reserve stock and use an inventory management model with a set frequency of replenishing inventory to a constant level.

6. Concept, types and functions of warehouses

1 Warehouses, their concept and role in logistics

Designing end-to-end processes in most cases provides an optimal solution when accumulating raw materials, semi-finished products, and finished products in one or another link of the logistics chain for some time. A holistic project shows what needs to be done with the cargo at the point of accumulation. Perhaps the incoming cargo units need to be disbanded, the goods repackaged, stored for some time, then new cargo units are formed and delivered to the consumer at the right time. For this purpose, a warehouse is formed in the logistics chain.

Warehouses are buildings, structures and various devices designed for receiving, placing and storing goods received at them, preparing them for consumption and release to the consumer.

A warehouse is the main production department of a company, the efficiency of which largely determines the competitiveness of the enterprise. If the company has chosen a constant increase in the level of customer service as the basis of its strategy, then one of the first steps towards implementing the plan will be optimizing the warehouse operation, namely reducing labor costs for picking and improving the quality (minimizing the number of mis-gradations and shortages) of the orders themselves. Warehouses are one of the most important elements of the logistics system. A warehouse in logistics is used only when it allows improving the performance of the end-to-end process; the role of the warehouse is to create conditions for optimizing material flow.

Logistics poses the task of harmonious organization of intra-warehouse processes with the processes occurring in the economic environment surrounding the warehouse. There are two types of tasks:

tasks related to warehouses that arise when designing product distribution systems;

tasks for warehouses as independent systems.

2 Types of warehouses

Warehouses are one of the most important elements of logistics systems. The objective need for specially equipped places for storing inventories exists at all stages of the material flow, starting from the primary source of raw materials and ending with the final consumer. This explains the presence large quantity various types of warehouses. Warehouse sizes vary from small premises with a total area of ​​several hundred square meters to giant warehouses covering areas of hundreds of thousands of square meters. Warehouses are also differentiated by the height of cargo stowage. In some, the cargo is stored no higher than human height, while in others, special devices are needed that can lift and place the cargo in a cell at a height of 24 meters or more.

Warehouses can have different designs: located in separate rooms (closed), have only a roof or a roof and one, two, three walls (semi-closed). Some cargo is stored outside the walls in specially equipped areas, in so-called open warehouses.

A special regime, such as temperature and humidity, can be created and maintained in the warehouse. A warehouse may be intended for storing goods of one enterprise (a warehouse for individual use), or it may be leased to individuals or legal entities on a leasing basis (a warehouse for collective use or a warehouse-hotel).

Warehouses also differ in the degree of mechanization of warehouse operations: non-mechanized, complex-mechanized, automated and automatic.

An essential feature of the classification of warehouses is the ability to deliver and remove cargo using rail or water transport. In accordance with this feature, a distinction is made between station and port warehouses (located on the territory of a railway station or port), railside warehouses (having a railway line for supplying and cleaning wagons) and deep warehouses. In order to deliver cargo from a station, pier or port to a deep warehouse, it is necessary to use road transport.

Depending on the breadth of the assortment of stored cargo, specialized warehouses, warehouses with a mixed and universal assortment are distinguished.

Let us consider in more detail the classification of warehouses based on their location in the general process of movement of material flow from the primary source of raw materials to the final consumer of finished products. Based on this criterion, warehouses can be divided into two main groups:

warehouses in the area of ​​movement of industrial and technical products;

warehouses in the area of ​​movement of consumer goods.

In turn, the first group of warehouses is divided into warehouses for finished products of manufacturing enterprises, warehouses for raw materials and source materials of consumer enterprises for industrial and technical products, and warehouses for the circulation of industrial and technical products.

Warehouses of the second group are divided into warehouses of wholesale trade enterprises in consumer goods, located in the places of production of these products, and warehouses located in the places of their consumption. Trade warehouses in places of production belong to the so-called output wholesale bases, warehouses in places of consumption belong to trade wholesale bases.

6.3 Functions of warehouses

Traditionally, warehouses were considered as places for long-term storage of goods, and their main function was warehousing, which consisted in maintaining and ensuring the safety of inventories. Currently, the role of warehouses has changed; they are now viewed more as an intermediate link through which the material flow is transformed and moved as quickly as possible, which justifies the expansion of the range of operations in warehouse activities.

Thus, the main functions of the warehouse are:

concentration and storage of reserves to ensure the implementation continuous production or supply under constraints related to resource sources and fluctuations in consumer demand;

cargo consolidation - implies the consolidation of cargo into a larger mixed shipment to consumers geographically located in the same sales area;

cargo disaggregation - sorting cargo into smaller lots intended for several customers;

assortment management - accumulation and formation of an assortment of products in anticipation of consumer orders with their subsequent sorting in accordance with orders;

packaging of a cargo consignment - re-sorting of cargo received from the supplier and their consolidation in a consignment sent to consumers;

provision of services such as: delivery, packaging, labeling (material); acceptance for temporary storage of material assets, rental storage facilities; concluding contracts with transport agencies, preparing and delivering shipping documents, etc.

Let's consider the functions of various warehouses found along the route of material flow from the primary source of raw materials to the final consumer.

In the warehouses of finished products of manufacturing enterprises, warehousing, storage, sorting or additional processing of products before shipping, labeling, preparation for loading and loading operations are carried out.

Warehouses of raw materials and source materials of consumer enterprises receive products, unload, sort, store and prepare them for industrial consumption.

Warehouses of wholesale intermediary companies in the sphere of circulation of industrial and technical products also perform the following functions: ensure the concentration of goods, complete them in the required assortment, organize the delivery of goods in small quantities, both to consumer enterprises and to the warehouses of other wholesale intermediary companies, carrying out storage of reserve batches.

Trade warehouses, located in places where production is concentrated, receive goods from manufacturing enterprises in large quantities, assemble and send large quantities of goods to wholesale buyers located at places of consumption.

Warehouses located at places of consumption receive goods from the production range and, forming a wide range of trade, supply them to retail trade enterprises.

4 Warehouse as an element of the logistics system

The warehouse network is a significant element of logistics systems. The construction of this network has a significant impact on the costs that arise in the process of bringing goods to consumers, and through them - on the final cost of the product sold.

The logistics process in a warehouse is very complex, since it requires complete coordination of the functions of stock supply, cargo processing and order distribution. The logistics process in a warehouse is much broader than the technological process and includes: supply of supplies; supply control; unloading and acceptance of cargo; intra-warehouse transportation and transshipment of goods; completing customer orders and shipping; transportation and forwarding of orders; collection and delivery of empty goods; warehouse information services; providing customer service.

The functioning of all components of the logistics process should be considered in connection and interdependence. This approach not only makes it possible to clearly coordinate the activities of the warehouse service, but is also the basis for planning and monitoring the progress of cargo in the warehouse with minimal costs. Conventionally, the whole process can be divided into three parts:

) operations aimed at coordinating the procurement service;

) operations directly related to cargo processing and its documentation;

) operations aimed at coordinating the sales service.

The overall concept of a warehouse system solution must first and foremost be economical. Economic success is ensured if the planning and implementation of the warehouse system is considered from the point of view of the interests of the entire company, being only part of the overall concept of the warehouse, and the profitability of the warehouse will ultimately be the main criterion of the chosen overall concept.

We list the tasks that most often arise when designing logistics systems and are directly related to warehouses:

how many warehouses to have in the logistics system;

where to place warehouses:

have your own warehouse or use a hired one;

what functions are assigned to the warehouse in the designed logistics system.

Along with the listed tasks, when organizing a warehouse subsystem, they select types of containers, loading, unloading, transport and warehouse equipment, coordinate schemes for the mechanization of PRTS - work on the cycle of cargo movement, and also solve a number of other problems. The criterion for selection, as a rule, is the criterion of minimum reduced costs, i.e. costs reduced to a single annual measurement.

The value of the given costs is determined by:

where Zn - reduced costs for the option;

n is the number of cost items taken into account;

C1 - annual operating costs;

C2 - annual transportation costs;

C3 - annual costs for managing the warehouse system;

C4 - annual costs of maintaining inventories;

C5 - other expenses and losses associated with the functioning of the logistics system;

K - total capital investments in the construction and equipment of warehouses, given by the time factor - according to the discount rate;

T is the payback period of the option.

7. Warehousing system

1 Concept of warehousing system

A warehousing system is a set of interconnected elements organized in a certain way, ensuring optimal placement of material flow in a warehouse and its rational management. The warehousing system (SS) involves the optimal placement of cargo in the warehouse and its rational management. When developing a warehousing system, it is necessary to take into account all the relationships and interdependencies between the external (incoming warehouse) and internal (warehouse) flows of the facility and the factors associated with them (warehouse parameters, technical means, characteristics of the cargo, etc.). The choice of a rational storage system should be carried out in the following order:

) the place of the warehouse in the logistics chain and its functions are determined;

) the general direction of the technical equipment of the warehouse system is established (mechanized, automated, automatic);

) the task to which the development of a warehousing system is subordinated is determined;

) elements of each warehouse subsystem are selected;

) combinations of selected elements of all subsystems are created;

) a preliminary selection of competitive options is carried out from all technically possible;

) a technical and economic assessment of each competitive option is carried out;

) an alternative choice of a rational option is carried out.

The selection of elements of warehouse subsystems is carried out using diagrams and diagrams. The development of a warehousing system is based on the selection of the optimal system, which predetermines the rationality of the logistics process in the warehouse.

2 Logistics process in a warehouse

The main task of supplying stocks is to provide the warehouse with goods (materials) in accordance with the possibilities of its processing for a given period with full satisfaction of consumer orders. Therefore, determining the need for the purchase of inventory must be coordinated with the sales service and the available warehouse capacity.

Accounting and control over the receipt of stocks and dispatch of orders allows us to ensure the rhythm of processing of cargo flows, maximum use of the available warehouse volume and the necessary storage conditions, reduce the storage time of stocks and thereby increase the turnover of the warehouse.

When unloading and accepting cargo, it is necessary to focus on the delivery terms of the concluded contract. Accordingly, unloading sites are prepared for the specified vehicle (trailer, truck, container) and the necessary loading and unloading equipment. Special equipment of unloading places and the correct choice of loading and unloading equipment allows for efficient unloading (in the shortest possible time and with minimal losses of cargo), which reduces vehicle downtime, which means that handling costs are reduced. Conducted on at this stage operations include: unloading vehicles; control of documentary and physical compliance of delivery orders; documentation of arrived cargo through the information system; formation of a warehouse cargo unit.

Intra-warehouse transportation involves the movement of cargo between different zones of the warehouse: from the unloading zone to the receiving zone, from there to the storage, picking and loading zones.

The process of warehousing and storage consists of placing and storing cargo. The basic principle of rational warehousing is the efficient use of the storage area. The prerequisite for this is the optimal choice of storage system, and first of all, storage equipment. Storage equipment must meet the specific characteristics of the cargo and ensure maximum use of the height and area of ​​the warehouse. In this case, the space for working passages should be minimal, but taking into account the normal operating conditions of lifting and transport machines and mechanisms. For orderly storage of cargo and its economical placement, a system of address storage is used based on the principle of firm (fixed) or free (the cargo is placed in any free space) choice of storage location.

The picking process comes down to preparing goods in accordance with consumer orders. Packaging and shipping of orders include: receiving a customer order, selecting goods for each item according to the order, assembling the selected goods for a specific client, preparing goods for shipment (putting them in containers on a carrier), documenting the prepared order, monitoring the preparation of the order, consolidating orders client in the shipment and registration of waybills, loading of cargo into a vehicle.

When serving customers, monitoring the fulfillment of orders is important. To ensure the coordination of the activities of the sales service, the operations of monitoring the fulfillment of orders and the provision of services to customers, on the implementation of which the level of service depends, are primarily aimed. After-sales services cover the range of services provided to product consumers: installation of products; warranty service; provision of spare parts; temporary replacement of goods; acceptance of defective products and their replacement.

Rational implementation of the logistics process in a warehouse is the key to its profitability. Therefore, when organizing the logistics process, it is necessary to achieve the following goals:

) rational layout of the warehouse with the allocation of working areas, helping to reduce costs and improve the cargo processing process;

) effective use space when arranging equipment, which allows you to increase the capacity of the warehouse;

) the use of universal equipment that performs various warehouse operations, which leads to a significant reduction in the fleet of lifting and transport machines;

) minimizing intra-warehouse transportation routes in order to reduce operating costs and increase warehouse throughput;

) implementation of unitization of shipments and the use of centralized delivery, which can significantly reduce transport costs;

) maximum use of the capabilities of the information system, which significantly reduces the time and costs associated with document flow, information exchange, etc.

The main task in inventory management is to provide the warehouse with goods (materials) in accordance with the possibilities of its processing for a given period with full satisfaction of consumer orders. Therefore, determining the need for the purchase of inventory must be coordinated with the sales service and the available warehouse capacity.

Accounting and control over the receipt of stocks and dispatch of orders allows us to ensure the rhythm of processing of cargo flows, maximum use of the available warehouse volume and the necessary storage conditions, reduce the storage time of stocks and thereby increase the turnover of the warehouse.

3 Cargo processing: goals, principles

Cargo handling is an integral part of the logistics process in a warehouse. The main objectives of cargo handling are:

efficient use of warehouse capacity;

improving operational efficiency;

improving working conditions for personnel;

improving the quality of customer service through a faster response to their demand;

minimizing logistics costs.

The implementation of these goals depends on compliance with the basic principles of organizing the cargo handling process:

mechanization and automation of technological operations;

optimal use of space and capacity of premises;

organization of end-to-end commodity flow;

complete safety of goods.

4 Organization of goods acceptance

Incoming transport with goods must be unloaded and accepted as soon as possible. Unloaded goods are delivered to the warehouse receiving area, where they are checked. Along with the goods, the warehouse receives accompanying documents: waybills, invoices, etc. These documents are recorded in the logbook of incoming cargo and vehicles. During the acceptance process, the parameters of the received cargo are actually verified with the data of the accompanying documents. Identification can be carried out by reading text-numeric information or barcodes located on the packaging. Acceptance of packaged goods can be carried out by cargo units or by nomenclature. Acceptance of cargo items consists of checking their quantity and weight as indicated in the transport and accompanying documents. Lack of documents, seals, non-conforming containers or damage to packaging does not suspend acceptance. In such cases, a commercial act is drawn up, which serves to file claims against the carrier or supplier. Upon acceptance according to the nomenclature, the packaging is opened and the goods and their quantity in each package are identified.

After goods acceptance is completed, the following actions are performed:

entering information into the warehouse information system database;

gluing warehouse labels on cargo packages or packaging of product units indicating the necessary parameters for warehouse accounting and placement, product batch number, number of received items, etc.;

assigning a code to a commodity item in a warehouse, which, like the supplier’s code, is an important parameter for identifying and monitoring the movement of goods.

Schematic diagram of goods acceptance at a warehouse of a wholesale trade enterprise.

Rice. 5. Scheme of goods acceptance at the warehouse by quantity by quality

5 Organization of placement, stowage and storage

For storage, goods in a warehouse are stacked or placed on racks: shelf or stacked. Packed racks do not have passages (passages) between them, drive-ins warehouse equipment are made directly inside the rack, which is why they are called drive-through or walk-through. Gravity racks are convenient, in which the goods are transported to the collection point automatically, under the influence of gravity.

Racks significantly increase the cost of storing goods, especially expensive gravity racks. Therefore, a feasibility study is usually done for the purchase and installation of racks. The higher the height of the warehouse and the wider the range of stored goods, the greater the need for shelving.

In a warehouse, one of the existing storage schemes for goods can be selected, or several storage methods can be used simultaneously in accordance with its individual characteristics:

varietal The grade of a product is understood as its gradation according to one or more quality indicators. With the varietal storage method, goods of different grades are placed separately from each other.

party With the batch method, each batch of goods received at the warehouse using one transport document is stored separately.

batch-varietal. With the batch-varietal storage method, each batch of goods received at the warehouse is stored separately, and within the batch by grade.

by name;

according to the principle of homogeneity;

depending on size and weight;

according to the specific properties of goods (according to the degree of danger).

Temperature, humidity, lighting form a storage regime, which is established by regulatory and technical documents, in particular, state standards. When placing goods into storage, it is recommended to use the so-called Pareto rule (20/80), according to which only a fifth (20%) of the total number of objects that usually have to be dealt with gives approximately 80% of the results of this matter. The contribution of the remaining 80% of objects is only 20% of the total result.

The use of the Pareto method allows you to minimize the number of movements in the warehouse by dividing the entire assortment into groups that require a large number of movements, and groups that are accessed quite rarely.

A) the areas for receiving and sending cargo are combined

B) the areas for receiving and sending cargo are spatially separated

Rice. 6. Separation of flows in the warehouse based on the Pareto method

As a rule, frequently released goods make up only a small part of the assortment, and they need to be located in convenient places as close as possible to the release zones, along the so-called “hot” lines. Products that are required less frequently are relegated to the background and placed along the cold lines. Large goods and goods stored without containers can also be located along the “hot lines”.

7.6 Selection of assortment to order from wholesale buyers

Operations of manual selection and preparation of goods for release are the most labor-intensive. The cost of labor in the picking area can be up to 50% of the cost of all labor used in the warehouse.

The timing of the selector’s work shows that his working time is distributed approximately as follows:

selection of goods according to customer orders - 10%;

forced downtime while replenishing stock in the selection area or while another selector is working in this area - 20%;

work with selection sheets - 30%;

movement between sampling sites - 40%.

The relevance of the task of reducing travel time is obvious. Its solution is to allocate a storage area for reserve stock and an area for storing selected stock in the warehouse. The selected stocks are located on the lower tiers of the racks, i.e. in places accessible for sampling. The separation of reserve and selected stock can be carried out in two ways:

) vertical separation - the reserve stock is located above the selected product;

) horizontal separation - reserve and selected stocks are located in different parts of the warehouse. The storage area for selected stock should be divided into “hot” (as close as possible to the dispatch expedition) and “cold” (the rest of the warehouse available for picking operations). Selected stock of goods with a high frequency of orders is placed in the “hot” zone, and in the “cold” zone - with a low frequency. In order to determine which products to place in the “hot” storage zone of the selected stock, it is necessary to identify the items that appear most often in customer orders. It should be borne in mind that the high turnover of goods does not mean that the selector has to work a lot with them, since the goods can be shipped in large quantities. Reduction of forced downtime is ensured by organizing the storage of goods in high demand in several places in the picking area. Thus, different collectors have the opportunity to simultaneously collect products.

Personnel who select goods and personnel who replenish stocks work in the same area - the storage area. Their routes will not intersect if:

Replenishment of reserve stock and stock of the acquisition area is carried out with different sides rack. It should be taken into account that by reducing staff downtime using this method, we worsen the utilization of warehouse capacity;

the work of personnel replenishing supplies and selecting should be spread out over time.

Two methods of selecting goods are used - individual and complex.

Complex selection - used, as a rule, when fulfilling small orders. The assembler, bypassing the selection area, removes goods from storage areas for several orders according to the summary selection sheet. At the same time, the chain of operations for selecting a separate order increases. An additional operation appears to transform complex selection into individual selection, but the total number of chains is reduced. Here it is necessary to find a compromise solution in each specific case.

Individual selection is the sequential completion of a separate order. In this case, the goods must be immediately packed into appropriate containers and, upon completion of the operation, be ready for shipment.

Loading goods into a vehicle for delivery in the form of a complex selection and turning it into an individual selection in the process of issuing goods from the supplier’s transport is an interesting solution.

With high turnover and a wide assortment, one order can be simultaneously selected by several pickers in different parts of the storage area of ​​the selected stock. Subsequently, the assembled parts are combined into a single order.

Information that the assembler must have during the order fulfillment process: where the goods are located; how much product is needed; to whom the product is intended; what to do if the selected product is out of stock; what to do after completing the order.

The transmission of information to the collector can be accomplished by various means. Timely transmission of information is a necessary condition for the high intensity of material flow passing through the sampling area.

The efficiency of operations for preparing goods for release can be characterized by the following indicators:

sampling frequency, i.e. number of selected orders per unit of time;

throughput of the selection area - the number of formed cargo units (containers, boxes, pallets, etc.) per unit of time;

level of customer service;

cases of lack of stock of goods included in the selection list.

7.7 Level of logistics service

An important criterion that allows us to evaluate the service system both from the position of the recipient of services and from the position of the supplier is the level of logistics service. The calculation of this indicator is determined using the following formula:

where ŋ is the level of logistics service;

M - quantitative assessment of the theoretically possible volume of logistics services;

m is a quantitative assessment of the actual volume of logistics services provided.

An increase in the level of service is accompanied, on the one hand, by an increase in service costs, and on the other, by an increase in sales volume and, accordingly, an increase in income.

To assess the quality of logistics services, the following criteria are used:

reliability of delivery;

the total time from receipt of the order to delivery of the consignment of goods;

delivery flexibility;

availability of stocks at the supplier's warehouse;

possibility of providing loans.

8. Warehouse logistics at the TOP-KNIGA LLC enterprise

1 Brief description of the enterprise

Brief history of development. The bookselling company "TOP-KNIGA" was registered in June 1995. The name of the company was not accidental: initially the focus was on the best-selling, “top” books. At the same time, the emphasis was placed on the rapid turnover of funds and direct work with publishing houses, in relations with which the company adhered and adheres to strict principles: pay bills on time, comply with all obligations.

By the end of 1996, TOP-KNIGA became the No. 1 bookselling company in the Siberian region. Gradually, the company moved from trading the so-called “tray” assortment (about 5 thousand items) to an expanded one and came to the conclusion that it could maximally satisfy the demand of customers living at a distance of 3 thousand kilometers from the capital.

To Work with wide range is possible only if there is adequate software. From the very first sales, clear computer accounting of the movement of goods was established, for which a software package for warehouse and store accounting was created. TOP-KNIGA was the first in Novosibirsk to begin selling books using barcodes. The speed of serving visitors has increased several times, long and tedious telephone sales reports have stopped, the number of errors has significantly decreased, and accounting time has been reduced by three times.

The desire of the company's management to maximally satisfy customer demand for printed products was manifested in the creation of new structural divisions. So, in 1997 A postcard department was created, and in the same year TOP-KNIGA began working with ARPI-Sibir, the largest distributor of periodicals. In 1998, work with stationery became a separate area. At the same time, the “BOOK-MAIL” department was formed and the company’s online store began operating #"510106.files/image013.gif">

Rice. 7. ABC distribution diagram of rubrics

Of the 18 categories, 3 categories are in greatest demand - they account for 80% of deliveries per year, they make up only 17% of the total list. These books belong to group A. Group B includes 7 headings - they account for 15% of deliveries per year, they make up 39% of the total list. Group C includes 8 categories - they account for only 5% of deliveries per year and make up 44% of the total list.

Groups A and B are given the most attention both when placing an order and when allocating storage areas in the warehouse.

Having analyzed the supply data using the ABC method, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. Fiction, Children's and Household literature are in greater demand than all other categories. Moreover, Fiction and Children's literature are more than 4 times more in demand than Household literature. Therefore, the volume of supplies for these categories is the largest.

2. Educational literature and Non-standard products are in demand in approximately the same way as Children's literature, but supplies for these categories are lower. At the same time, Non-standard products occupy an entire floor in area, which indicates large volumes of products in this category.

It has been empirically confirmed that Expensive books are in the least demand. These books are rarely purchased and are usually purchased by collectors, art historians, or as gifts for a special occasion. That is why supplies under this category are so rare.

XYZ method. Using the XYZ method, you can evaluate the consumption rates of categories and be able to manage inventory. For XYZ analysis the following indicators are required:

the number of periods n is equal to the number of months in a year, n=12;

xi - monthly supply volumes, they are presented in Table 7;

Let's calculate x and v and show them in Table 9.

Table 9

XYZ analysis (categories organized by consumption and forecast)

*The average value is considered as the arithmetic mean

From the data obtained it is clear that group X includes 2 headings and makes up 11% of the total list. They are characterized by a stable consumption level; you can safely order products from this category for a long period. Group Y includes 6 headings and makes up 33% of the total list. The need for these categories is characterized by different trends; in some cases, it is not immediately possible to predict changes in need. Group Z includes 10 headings, they make up 55% of the total list. These categories are used irregularly, and it is quite difficult to predict the amount of consumption.

Combining the data from ABC analysis and XYZ analysis, the following data were obtained (Table 10, 11):

Table 10

Combining ABC Analysis and XYZ Analysis

Table 11

Result of combining methods

2. Products of category CZ (“Computer and scientific-journalistic literature”, “Auto-literature”, “Musical literature”, “Albums with reproductions and drawing tutorials”, “Foreign literature in a foreign language”, “Expensive books”) it is necessary to monitor it at short intervals and monitor the level of demand among customers.

3. For categories BY and BZ - the headings “Educational literature and manuals”, “Medical literature”, “Legal literature” - seasonal activity is typical, as it is associated with the educational process. Therefore, stocks of these products must be planned for the school season.

4. For the headings " Fiction" and "Children's literature" are characterized by a stable and high level of consumption, so it is possible to calculate the optimal size of stocks and additionally monitor consumer activity during sales seasons.

Conclusion

Using the example of the company TOP-KNIGA LLC, we became acquainted with the concept of warehouse logistics and warehousing. We were convinced that the use of logistics allows us to reduce the costs of storing and transporting goods, speeds up the process of obtaining information and increases the level of service. We saw that information logistics can make inventories “transparent”, not only within one warehouse, but also in all warehouses and in all stores of the enterprise. We found out that the essence of logistics is the creation of a kind of conveyor belt that streamlines the entire work of the organization, and not its individual parts, and the main goal of logistics is to ensure the organization’s competitive position in the market. We determined the role and importance of warehouse logistics in the logistics system, showed the organization of storage and warehousing of products at a specific enterprise, as well as the advantage of a targeted warehouse. In this work, we examined the strategic role of inventories in the organization’s activities, the main models of inventory management. We solved a logistics problem for a specific enterprise about making a decision in favor of building its own warehouse. They showed how you can increase the collection speed with minimal cost, thanks to small transformations in the address storage system.

We have fully completed all the tasks assigned at the beginning of this work.

Bibliography

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1. Automation of a warehouse management system (for example......).

2. Automation of the preparation of warehouse documents (for example......).

3. Analysis, planning and calculation of freight transportation costs (using the example of......).

4. Material flows in production: planning and management (for example......).

5. Modeling of transport processes (for example......).

6. Optimization of zoning of warehouse premises (for example......).

7. Optimization of the needs of the logistics system and its individual elements (for example......).

8. Optimization of the organization’s resources (for example......).

9. Optimization of transport costs (for example......).

10. Optimization of management of logistics processes in production and distribution (for example......).

11. Organization of supply chains in logistics systems (for example......).

12. Making alternative choices the best option capital investments (for example......).

13. Assessment of the main parameters of the logistics system (for example......).

14. Assessment of the main parameters of warehouse premises (using the example of......).

15. Assessing the effectiveness of investment projects (using the example of......).

16. Assessing the effectiveness of capital investments (using the example of......).

17. Assessing the effectiveness of the company’s logistics activities (using the example of......).

18. Increasing the efficiency of inventory rationing (for example......).

19. Increasing the efficiency of organizing cargo handling in a warehouse (for example......).

20. Increasing the efficiency of organizing warehouse work (for example......).

21. Increasing the efficiency of distribution channels (for example......).

22. Improving the efficiency of inventory management (for example......).

23. Development of a business plan for an investment project (using the example of......).

24. Development of optimal routes (using the example of......).

25. Development of logistics system parameters (for example......).

26. Development of a warehouse logistics system (for example......).

27. Development of transport cost estimates (using the example of......).

28. Rationalization of the placement of goods in a warehouse (for example......).

29. Rationalization of the organization's resources (for example......).

30. Rationalization of the inventory structure (for example......).

31. Reorganization of the company’s logistics system (for example......).

32. Improvement operational planning material flows in production (for example......).

33. Improving the planning and organization of logistics processes in an organization (divisions) (for example......).

34. Improving the planning and organization of intra-production flow processes (for example......).

35. Improving the order management system at a transport enterprise (for example......).

36. Improving the management of logistics processes in procurement (for example......).

37. Process management life cycle enterprise supply systems (for example......).

Option 2

Approximate topics theses for graduation 2016 in basic professional educational program average vocational education specialty: 080214 (38.02.03) Operational activities in logistics

1. Development (improvement) of logistics processes in the warehouse.

2. Development of rational solutions at the company’s warehouse.

3. Choosing a route for delivering goods based on many criteria.

4. Multi-criteria approach to organizing supply chains.

5. Optimization of the distribution network of a trading company.

6. Optimization of logistics infrastructure (warehouse facilities).

7. Improving the company’s logistics services.

8. The main ways of development of the company when implementing the logistics outsourcing strategy.

9. The influence of the terms of delivery of goods on logistics costs.

10. Routing of supplies when supplying the company.

11. Increasing the efficiency of the vehicle fleet.

12. Problems of formation and development of the company’s logistics distribution network.

13. Information Systems and technologies to support integrated supply chain planning.

14. Application of analytical CRM systems in logistics.

15. Development and analysis of a supply chain optimization model using SCP systems.

16. Design of a logistics network, tactical planning of material flows and inventories.

17. Information Technology increasing the efficiency of managing operations in automated warehouses.

18. Application of information technology support for cargo monitoring in a logistics company.

19. Justification of the effectiveness of the formation of a rational logistics infrastructure system.

20. Development of effective logistics solutions in the activities of Russian transport companies.

21. Improvement of existing management processes in the logistics system of a transport infrastructure facility.

22. Justification for choosing a logistics intermediary in the transportation of goods.

23. Improving the order management system in the company’s distribution network. 24. Development of a motivation system for logistics infrastructure personnel based on a balanced scorecard.

25. Optimization of the company’s logistics business processes.

26. Application innovative technologies to organize control over the movement of freight transport.

27. Information Support logistics interaction with external contractors.

28. Optimization of the company’s logistics business processes when implementing an integrated information system.

29. Analysis and calculation of transport costs.

30. Analysis of the structure of logistics costs of an enterprise.

31. Analysis of constraint management in logistics and supply chains.

32. Supply logistics for an industrial (construction) enterprise (production, company, corporation).

33. Strategies for creating supply chains in commodity markets.

34. Organization of integrated interaction in supply chains.

35. Organization of logistics activities in small businesses.

36. Optimization of logistics costs of production (trade, service) enterprises.

37. Logistics approach to increasing the competitiveness of an enterprise in the market.

38. Formation (optimization) of a system for managing logistics flows in exchange trading (in tourism; in banking, etc.).

39. Forms and methods of quality management of logistics design.

40. Organization of interaction between participants foreign economic activity and logistics operators.

41. Organization of service logistics in business structures.

42. Organization of logistics activities in the service sector.

43. Organization of logistics processes in the warehouse.

44. Efficiency of management of logistics systems (enterprise, region, etc.).

45. Organization of multimodal transportation of goods.

46. ​​Management of reverse flows in industrial and commercial activities.

47. Forms and methods of management industrial reserves at an industrial enterprise.

48. The effectiveness of outsourcing by manufacturing (trading, transport, etc.) companies.

49. Integrated planning in supply chains.

50. Interaction of logistics and marketing in business structures.

OPTION 3

1. Optimization of warehouses technological processes

2. Choice basic conditions supplies to optimize purchasing activities.

3. Assessing the efficiency of the supply (purchasing) department based on a system of indicators. 4. Supplier management as a purchasing (or supply) strategy (using the example of a specific enterprise).

5. Procurement management strategy: goals, objectives and stages of formation (using the example of a specific enterprise)

6. Assessing the effectiveness of procurement activities and its impact on the economic performance of the enterprise.

7. Modern approaches to quality management of transport and forwarding services (using the example of a specific enterprise).

8. Formation of an effective scheme of relationships between suppliers and consumers in supply chains.

9. Analysis, planning and calculation of cargo transportation costs.

10. Assessing the efficiency of the enterprise’s logistics system

11. Organization of cargo transportation by car based on the use of logistics principles

12. Improving the organization of work of the terminal complex

13. Organization of cargo transportation in urban traffic when servicing commercial enterprises.

14. Modern tendencies in logistics.

15. Information flows in logistics

16. Materials management

17. Selection of supplier as an element of supply policy.

18. Analysis of the organization of cargo delivery in a transport company.

19. Optimization of zoning of warehouse premises.

20. Assessment of the main parameters of warehouse premises.

21. Increasing the efficiency of organizing warehouse work (for example......).

22. Increasing the efficiency of distribution channels (for example......).

23. Improving the efficiency of inventory management (for example......).

24. Rationalization of the placement of goods in the warehouse.

25. Improving the management of logistics processes in procurement.

26. Transport in the logistics system of an enterprise.

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WRC topics in Logistics for Masters Teacher Sokolov V.K. Vorobyova N.I. Noskova E.V. Semenov I.A. Bochkarev A.A. Topic of final qualifying work 1. Organization of intermodal transportation of goods in the logistics system. 2. Management of intra-port communications when performing logistics operations. 3. Features of modeling the logistics chain for container cargo delivery. 4. Methods for reducing transport and logistics risks. 5. Construction features organizational structure in transport and logistics enterprises. 6. Study of logistics operations in the process of delivering container cargo by sea. 7. Effective planning of the logistics department. 8. Application of the earned value method during the implementation of a logistics project. 9. Performance indicators of the sea line. Management of internal and external communications of the warehouse system. 1. Increasing the efficiency of inventory management by taking into account diversity and discounts in models for calculating the optimal order size 2. Increasing the efficiency of inventory management by taking into account diversity and shortages in models for calculating the optimal order size 3. Increasing the efficiency of inventory management by improving the formation of item groups 1. Application of forecasting methods in procurement management. 2. Application of forecasting methods in inventory management. 3. Modeling of logistics processes based on the “just in time” concept. 1. Methods for assessing logistics costs in supply chains. 2. Application of FSA methods in the analysis of total logistics costs. 1. Transport models of linear programming and their use in logistics. 2. Dynamic and stochastic models of linear programming in logistics. 3. Logistics outsourcing in Russia: problems and ways to solve them. 4. Game theory and its use to build a model Belov L.B. Borodulina S.A. 1. 2. 3. 4. Lukinsky V.S. 1. 2. 3. Lukinsky V.V. Mayorov N.N. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. Mayevsky A.G. 3. 4. 5. outsourcing of logistics processes. 1. Optimization of the enterprise's logistics business processes 2. Optimization of the organizational structure of the company's logistics management 3. Improvement of the enterprise's supply organization 4. Improvement of the inventory management system based on their rationing 5. Development of a motivation system for logistics management personnel based on the balanced scorecard 6. Improvement of the system inventory management in the enterprise distribution network 7. Improving the control system for logistics activities (logistics business processes) Research and assessment of the possibilities of introducing innovations in warehouse technological and business processes Research of the features of introducing innovations in transport technological and business processes Methods of managing the sales of services in a micrologistics company Research and methods for assessing the influence of environmental factors on the performance of transport and logistics complexes (or trade, transport enterprises, airport enterprises, etc. ) Methods of inventory management in conditions of dependent demand. Methods for forming distribution networks. Methods for improving transportation efficiency in supply chains. Methods of inventory management in supply chains. Methods for managing inventories of perishable products. Methods for selecting suppliers in supply chains. Methods for assessing the reliability of supply chains. Methods for solving a static inventory management problem. Application of the theory of transport processes in the organization of urban transportation. Models for managing traffic flows in metropolitan cities. Issues of forming a regional logistics network Improving methods for managing return flows Development of strategic solutions for the formation and optimization of logistics infrastructure

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