What is a virtual library. Libraries in virtual space. You will not find this library in reality. It only exists online. The Internet has no borders, but it has its own laws and rules
Class__________ Date__________
Lesson 11. FROM LITERATURE X V III CENTURY.
M. V. LOMONOSOV. "HAPPENED TOGETHER
TWO ASTRONOMERS AT A FEAST" AS A HUMORIC MORALE TEACHING
Goals of the teacher: acquaint students with the personality and amazing life of the Russian scientist M. V. Lomonosov; consider the main content, compositional features and artistic features of the work; teach expressive reading, work with various dictionaries; develop the ability to find humorous moments in the text.
Planned results of studying the topic:
Subject Skills: know features of the content of the work;be able to perceive and analyze text.
Meta-subject UUD (universal learning activities):
Personal : shows a desire to master new types of activities, participates in the creative, constructive process: recognizes himself as an individual and at the same time as a member of society.
Regulatory : accepts and saves the learning task; plans (in collaboration with teacher and classmates or independently) necessary actions, operations, operating according to plan.
Cognitive : realizes the cognitive task; reads and listens, extracts the necessary information, and also independently finds it in textbooks and workbooks.
Communication : builds small monologue statements, carries out joint activities in pairs and working groups, taking into account specific educational and cognitive tasks.
During the classes
“Experienced everything and penetrated everything”
A. S. Pushkin
1. Organizational moment
I . Teacher's opening speech.
What did we talk about in previous lessons?
What are the stages of development of ancient Russian literature?
What genres of ancient Russian literature can you name?
Today we are beginning to study a new period in the development of Russian literature - this is the literature of the 17th century. This period is called the Age of Enlightenment...
Many stars adorned the Russian sky of the eighteenth century, but the star of the first magnitude was Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, because Russia did not know such a versatile person before him. And I will try to prove it to you.
Write down the number in your notebooks, great job. Lesson topic. M. V. Lomonosov “Two astronomers happened to be together at a feast.”
Lesson objectives...
Student Answer
He was born to M.V. Lomonosov in 1711 in the Arkhangelsk province into the family of a state peasant.His father was engaged in fishing and often made large sea trips. Lomonosov's mother, who died very early, was the daughter of a deacon. The best moments in Lomonosov's childhood were, apparently, his trips to the sea with his father, which left an indelible mark on his soul. The frequent dangers of swimming strengthened the young man’s physical strength and enriched his mind with various observations. The influence of the nature of the Russian north is easy to see not only in Lomonosov’s language, but also in his scientific interests..
From an early age, young Lomonosov helped his father go to the ocean on a small boat. He learned to read and write early: he knew how to read, write and count using the books “Arithmetic” and “Grammar” by Magnitsky, which provided information about astronomy, physics, navigation, and geography.
At the academy, the course of study was 8 years, but Lomonosov completed this course in 5 years, mastering knowledge in many sciences, and in 1736 he was sent to Germany to study the exact sciences - physics, chemistry, mechanics, mining, languages. In 1741, the training was completed, and Lomonosov returned to St. Petersburg.
From this moment, rapid academic activity begins. Scientific discoveries follow one after another, the academic talent of a scientist penetrates into various fields of knowledge. In 1755, Moscow University was opened in Moscow on the initiative of Professor Lomonosov.
Later, M.V. Lomonosov will be awarded the title of academician for his enormous contribution to science.
The motto of this brilliant man’s life until his last day was “the establishment of science in the fatherland.” M.V. Lomonosov passed away in 1765, he caught a cold and died. He was buried in the cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
Second student's speech .
M.V. Lomonosov’s favorite science is chemistry. He created a chemical laboratory in St. Petersburg and opened new law. He carried out 4000 experiments and revealed the secret of obtaining glass of all colors and shades.
While studying physics, he solved the mystery of thunderstorms and the northern lights.
He loved to watch the stars and improved the telescope. Observing Venus, I established that this planet has an atmosphere.
He is the world's first polar geographer.
He studied the history of the ancient Slavs and the history of porcelain making.
He can rightfully be called the creator of the modern Russian language. He wrote his “Russian Grammar” and created a system of norms and rules of the Russian language. In the Russian language lesson, when we talked about punctuation, I gave you an example of a rule from his textbook: “Signs are placed according to the strength of the mind and its location and conjunctions,” that is, meaning + structure = punctuation marks.
Heopened a new era in literature. He himself composed poems, odes, and messages.
He revived the production of colored glass and made mosaic paintings. For example, “Portrait of PeterI", "Battle of Poltava" (show on the interactive board).
In 1755 he opened the first Russian university in Moscow.
Whose name do you think he bears?
(name of Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov).
Look at the monument to M.V. Lomonosov, which is located in front of the university building (show the monument on the interactive board).
Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov was such a great scientist, he did so much in various fields of science that, according to A.S. Pushkin, “...he himself (Lomonosov) was our first university.”
Compiling a syncwineLomonosov
“I experienced everything and penetrated everything” - these words belong to A.S. Pushkin and were said about Lomonosov. And although it is impossible to contain the fate of the great Russian scientist in a few lines, this Pushkin statement makes us think about the amazingly multifaceted activity of Lomonosov, about the genius and courage of his thought.
The second part of the lesson will be devoted to the poetic gift of M.V. Lomonosov. We will read and try to understand the content of the poetic text. This poem, some call it a fable, M.V. Lomonosov “Two astronomers happened to be together at a feast...”.
Happened together - met together, astronomers - that is, astronomers.
An astronomer is a person who studies celestial bodies?
What do you think a poem with this title could be about?
Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences, because the Sun, Moon and stars have always attracted human attention. There was also a practical need for it: already in ancient times, people noticed that the change of seasons on Earth was strongly connected with the position of the luminaries in the sky.
Have you seen the night sky dotted with stars?.. Is it possible to remain indifferent at the sight of the starry sky?.. You experience special joy when you find a familiar constellation, when you discover planets whose names you know. The thought arises of the infinity and mystery of the Universe.
And all you see in the sky: the Sun. Moon, stars. Planets - all of this revolves around the Earth, because the Earth is the center of the entire universe...
(Children must refute this opinion)
Let's go back to the 18th century, 250 years ago. We are also in class. And I say: “Guys, it’s not the Sun that revolves around the Earth, but the Earth that goes around the Sun, and at the same time it also rotates around its axis.”
With such a message I would surprise you even more than I already do. You would turn to the priest in bewilderment, and he would immediately resolve your doubt by saying that this is not true.
There were few people in the 18th century who would have heard that the Sun revolves around the Earth, and the Earth revolves around the Sun. There were even fewer who believed in it.
The teacher expressively reads the poem “Two astronomers happened together at a feast...”
Vocabulary work.
Happened together - met together
At the feast - at lunch
Very - very
Argued... in the heat - they argued heatedly
The circle of the sun goes around - it goes around the sun
reputed - was famous
How do you doubt this?
are you reasoning? - What do you think about it?
Hearth - a device for starting and maintaining a fire
Roast - fried meat dish
Who are Copernicus and Ptolemy?
Biographical information about Copernicus, Ptolemy – student information.
. Claudius Ptolemy(Ptolemy) (c. 90 - c. 160) - ancient Greek scientist. Developed a mathematical theory of the motion of planets around a stationary , which made it possible to calculate their position in the sky. Together with the theory of the movement of the Sun and Moon, it constituted the so-called Ptolemaic system of the world.
Ptolemy's system is set out in his main work "Almagest" - an encyclopedia of astronomical knowledge of the ancients.
The Almagest sets outgeocentric system of the world, according to which the Earth is at the center of the universe, and all celestial bodies revolve around it.
Copernicus Nicholas (1473-1543), Polish astronomer, creator of the heliocentric system of the world. He made a revolution in natural science, abandoning the doctrine of the central position of the Earth, accepted for many centuries. He explained the visible movements of the celestial bodies by the rotation of the Earth around its axis and the revolution of the planets (including the Earth) around the Sun. He outlined his teaching in the essay “On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres” (1543), which was banned by the Catholic Church from 1616 to 18
When did Copernicus and Ptolemy live?
Could they really meet each other?
Why do they appear in Lomonosov's poem?
What are the opposite views of scientists?
Copernicus - the planets and the Earth revolve around the Sun
Ptolemy – The planets and the Sun revolve around the Earth
What is it really like?
Who does the owner of the house in which the scientists met turn to to resolve the dispute?
How does a chef resolve this dispute?
Conclusion:
Lomonosov wanted to confirm with his work that the laws of the Universe are uniform, that by carefully observing everyday life, one can find confirmation of great scientific discoveries.
The teacher helps the children draw this conclusion.
Where do scientists meet? Is it a coincidence that Lomonosov chooses this place for a meeting of scientists?
What are they arguing about?
Who resolved their dispute?
Let's re-read and listen carefully to the chef's words. The cook says: “Who saw the simpleton...” What adjective does the word “simpleton” come from?
(simple. And there is also the adjective “rustic”, the noun is closer to it)
What does “rustic” mean?
(not very smart, narrow-minded)
"Simples" are found everywhere. And among chefs too. But no one had ever seen such a simple cook who would turn the fire all over the place.
Hearth - what is it?
(a place where a fire is started and maintained)
And what does the noun “roast” mean in this case: the food itself or the frying pan with the food?
(frying pan with roast)
How does a cook resolve a dispute between astronomers?
(through comparison: he likened the Sun to a hearth and the Earth to a frying pan)
What can you say about the chef?
(savvy, resourceful and not without a sense of humor. Easily and quickly resolved a heated dispute between scientists)
Additional question: At what point in reading the poem did you smile, realizing the humorous nature of what was being said?
What is the manifestation of the commonwealth of sciences (philology, astronomy) and everyday life in the poem “Two Astronomers Happened Together at a Feast...”?
Already e one and a half thousand years of the Ptolemaic system of the world and more than two hundred years of the Copernican system, and the question of their loyalty still causes confrontation of positions. The poem solves this problem clearly and simply.
Lomonosov was not a passive supporter of the teachings of Copernicus; In his scientific works on astronomy, he continued to develop the system of the world built. Polish astronomer. In many branches of knowledge that Lomonosov was involved in, he made discoveries of world significance.
Lomonosov's poem is funny and exciting. But it was not created to amuse and entertain the reader. While entertaining, it conveys true knowledge about the structure of the Universe. “I don’t see a poet in trifles...” wrote Lomonosov. He was firmly convinced that poetry should serve the enlightenment of people, and therefore the enlightenment of the Fatherland.
Generalization.
Lomonosov's patriotism, the sparklingness of his talent “With pomp, poignancy and splendor” filled Russian poetry XVIII century deep content. The main idea of his work - to be a citizen, to serve the fatherland - inspired leading writers of subsequent eras.
Reading statements about Lomonosov.
N.V. Gogol: “Lomonosov stands ahead of our poets, like an introduction in front of a book.”
V. G. Belinsky: “Our literature begins with Lomonosov; he was her father and mentor, he was her Peter the Great.”
F. M. Dostoevsky: “There were only three indisputable geniuses, with an indisputable “new word” in all our literature: Lomonosov, Pushkin and partly Gogol.”
Expressive reading of the poem; anyone who wishes can learn it by heart.
Also, read the textbook page
V . Independent reading of poetic text by students.
The teacher helps the children note pauses, logical stress, and better understand the rhythm of the work.
Two Astronomers happened together at a feast
And they argued quite among themselves in the heat.
One repeated: the earth, spinning, moves around the circle of the Sun;
Another is that the Sun takes all the planets with it:
One was Copernicus, the other was known as Ptolemy.
Here the cook settled the dispute with his smile.
The owner asked: “Do you know the course of the stars?
Tell me, how do you reason about this doubt?”
He gave the following answer: “What is Copernicus right about that?
I will prove the truth without having been to the Sun.
Who has seen a simpleton among cooks like this?
Who would turn the fireplace around the roaster?
Analysis of the poem “Two Astronomers Happened Together at a Feast” by Lomonosov
Many people know M.V. Lomonosov as a great Russian scientist, whose works are known throughout the world. But besides research activities, Mikhail Vasilyevich gravitated towards fine arts, writing and poetry. The amazing versatility of his personality, talent and simple origin allowed Lomonosov to convey the whole essence of the universal law to everyone who read his work “Two Astronomers Happened Together at a Feast.”
The poem was published in 1761 and tells the story of a heated dispute between two luminaries of science - Claudius Ptolemy and Nicolaus Copernicus, which is resolved by a humorous statement from the cook. The characters are only symbols of contradictory points of view - whether the Earth revolves around the Sun, or the Sun revolves around the Earth - since they lived in different eras and could not meet.
For many years, great scientists and the church denied the fact that the Earth rotates around the Sun, and everyone who dared to disagree faced persecution and censure. The common people were completely far from interpreting science and planets. The author, in simple and understandable rhymes, put an end to a long dispute. And it was the figure of the cook, a simple worker, with a simple and humorous judgment about the structure of the Universe, that helped every person understand the truth.
The work is a satirical parable and departs from the canons of classicism - the high and pompous tone of the interlocutors is contrasted with the humorous and colloquial statements of the cook. This is another attempt by Lomonosov to reconcile the existing church with the modern discoveries of researchers - for many years there has been a struggle of views on the structure of the world. Using logical arguments, the author leads to the idea that Copernicus and his ideas are the truth, no matter how official science views it.
Literary scholars have found that Cyrano de Bergerac in his work “Another World, or the States and Empires of the Moon” also mentions the absurdity of turning the stove around a fried lark, and it is with this argument that Lomonosov’s character operates. Be that as it may, the satirical poem completely exhausts the centuries-old conflict, presenting to the reader the opinion of the author himself with light humor.
The poem “Two astronomers happened together at a feast” is a landmark and important work. M.V. Lomonosov, in his characteristic manner, was able to convey to millions of people the complex and important idea of the law of the Universe. Understanding the life and thoughts of a simple person and the simple mind of a great scientist led not only to discoveries on a global scale, but also helped to convey them to everyone.
Lomonosov wrote not only scientific works, but also poetic works. A significant place in his work is occupied by odes of various contents, as well as other poems that talk about both sublime and everyday subjects.
Thus, in the poem “Two Astronomers Happened Together at a Feast...”, written in 1761, the author discusses a complex scientific problem, resorting to the form of a parable.
Two Astronomers happened to be together at a feast and argued very hotly among themselves.
One repeated: the earth, spinning, moves around the circle of the Sun;
That the Sun carries all the planets with it:
One was Copernicus, the other was known as Ptolemy.
Here the cook settled the dispute with his smile.
The owner asked: “Do you know the course of the stars?
Tell me, how do you reason about this doubt?”
He gave the following answer: “What is Copernicus right about that?
I will prove the truth without having been to the Sun.
Who has seen a simpleton among cooks like this?
Who would turn the fireplace around the roaster?”
A parable, as a short symbolic story in which a deep philosophical meaning is hidden, originated in ancient times and existed among many peoples. In the East, parables about Hadji Nasreddin are very popular, in which the hero appears
As a philosopher and sage, he looks rather stupid.
Lomonosov, in his improvised poetic parable, introduces characters who real life They could never have met and talked, since they lived in different historical eras, separated by several hundred years.
One of them is Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish astronomer who lived at the turn of the 15th – 16th centuries and scientifically substantiated the heliocentric theory of the universe, proving that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
Another character in Lomonosov's poem is Claudius Ptolemy, a Greek scientist who lived in the 2nd century AD, who believed that the Sun moves around the Earth. His views dominated astronomy for a very long time, and the Catholic Church severely persecuted those who tried to refute them.
By introducing into the poem the image of a cook, who resolves the dispute between two great scientists, Lomonosov reduces the sublime tone of the work.
“Two Astronomers Happened Together at a Feast...” is a small satirical work. According to the rules of classicism, “low” was not allowed in “high” works, but thanks to this technique, the poem takes on a satirical sound. Thus, it becomes understandable and close not only to scientists, but also to ordinary people, since a complex scientific problem is resolved on the basis of ordinary common sense.
Literary scholars subsequently established that the argument that the cook gives in favor of the Copernican theory could have been borrowed by Lomonosov from the book of the French writer Cyrano de Bergerac “Another Light, or the States and Empires of the Moon.” However, this in no way detracts from the originality of this small, witty poem, in which Lomonosov not only shows in a somewhat fantastic form the centuries-old conflict between supporters of two different theories of the universe. The author also makes it clear to the reader what the author's own views on this issue are.
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Essays on topics:
- Lomonosov wrote not only scientific works, but also poetic works. A significant place in his work is occupied by odes of various contents, and...
- The solemn ode was not the only genre in the poetry of Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov. He also wrote spiritual odes and poems on scientific...
- M. V. Lomonosov is a great scientist and poet. He became a luminary of science in the 18th century. and until now his works have not...
LITERATURE LOMONOSOV
“Two astronomers happened to be together at a feast..”
- Organizational moment
- Repetition
What did we talk about in the last lesson?
What kind of literature is called DR?
What event is associated with the appearance of DRL?
What genres are distinguished in DRL?
Which genre is the most popular?
What is the meaning of the chronicle genre? ( entry by year)
Name the 2 most famous chroniclers of the 10th-12th centuries ( Nikon and Nestor)
3) Checking homework
The text is incomprehensible for the first time, so let's listen to it again and then talk about its content. ( video)
So, who can say briefly what this text is about? (how the Pechenegs attacked the Russian land and people could not leave the city. Then one teenage boy decided to leave Kyiv and walk past the Pechenegs for help. He knew the Pecheneg language, so the Pechenegs did not touch him. The youth moved to the other side of the Dnieper and called the governor for help. Voivode Pretich approached Kyiv and told the Pechenegs that he was their friend, that Svyatoslav was coming behind with his squad to defeat the Pechenegs. The Pechenegs retreated, and Svyatoslav, returning to the city, finally drove out the enemies)
There are a lot of unclear words in this text. Let's see in the presentation what they mean. (viewing the presentation)
Tell me, is this story instructive? ( Yes )
What does he teach us? (be a patriot of your country, be able to protect yourself and your people)
4) Physical exercise
5) New topic
Today we are starting to get acquainted with works that have an author in the person of one person. And the first representative among writers is Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (171101765). Let's write down the topic of the lesson.....
What do you know about this person? Who is he? ( children's answers)
Guys, M.V. Lomonosov is not only a writer, but also a scientist in the field of chemistry, physics, foreign languages, mathematics, geometry and many other sciences. Attention to the slide (presentation about the life of Lomonosov)
6) Getting to know the work
Today we will get acquainted with his work “Two astronomers happened together at a feast...” ( read by the teacher)
What does it mean “2 astronomers happened”? ( met)
“argued in the heat”? (had a heated argument, loud, serious)
“The circle of the sun walks” (goes around the sun)
“How do you reason about this doubt?” (How do you reason, what do you think about this controversial issue?)
"Such" (adj.) ( like this)
“Zharkova” (noun) - hot (roast - fried food, usually meat).
Who are Copernicus and Ptolemy? When did they live? Could they really meet each other at the feast?
Children learn to work with footnotes.
We do not know the exact dates of the life of the astronomer Ptolemy. He was born around 90 and died around 160 AD. Ptolemy lived in Ancient Greece. He developed a mathematical theory of planetary motion around the Earth (geocentric system).
Copernicus was born more than one thousand three hundred years after the death of Ptolemy, so there was no way they could actually meet at a feast. The Polish astronomer explained how the planets (including the Earth) revolve around the Sun (heliocentric system).
Why do you think Copernicus and Ptolemy meet in Lomonosov’s poem? Where do they meet?
We can assume that this is how Lomonosov could depict for us a conversation between the followers of Copernicus and Ptolemy.
What is the contrast between the views of scientists?
Who does the owner of the house in which the scientists met turn to to resolve the dispute? How does a chef resolve this dispute?
Copernicus and Ptolemy argued about the structure of the world. Copernicus argued that the Earth revolves around the Sun. Ptolemy believed that the Sun and all other planets revolve around the Earth.
The owner of the house in which the feast is taking place asks a question to the grinning cook. The cook resolves the dispute by saying that Copernicus is right. Comparing the Sun with a hearth, and the Earth with meat that needs to be fried, the cook grinned: anyone will rotate the roast around the hearth, and not vice versa.
During the years of Lomonosov’s life, the idea of a geocentric system was long ago rejected by scientists: everyone already understood that it was not the Sun that revolved around the Earth, but the Earth that revolved around the Sun. Why does Lomonosov raise this topic again? What is the idea of this fable?
7) Lesson summary
What did you learn about today?
What did you like about the lesson?
Who are Copernicus and Ptolemy?
What was Copernicus talking about? And Ptolemy?
Whose theory is currently correct?
8) Homework instruction
Page 53 – expressive reading
