Factory entrepreneurship examples of business plans. Ready-made business plans for small businesses with calculations. A Good Business Plan for a Small Business: Key Points
Do you want to open a business, but don't know where to start? Then you cannot do without a clear and thoroughly thought-out plan of action. In this section you will select a proven and simple business plan that will help you create successful business and weather economic storms.
Business areas
Investment size
From 200,000 rub.
Opening your own business is always an exciting and, at the same time, interesting process that can radically change your life. A person has the right to choose any activity that he wants to implement, the main thing is that it does not violate the legislation of the country.
In rural areas, residents have always raised geese. They are found in almost every home, but, as a rule, they are grown only for their own family. Few people think that breeding geese as a business is an excellent and profitable idea.
Canteens, cafes, stalls selling fast food - today you can find them at every turn. However, starting your own business is not as easy as it might seem. More than 70% of new establishments cannot withstand the competition and close within a few years without ever paying for themselves. In addition to the large number of competitors, there are several other nuances that put the business at risk.
From 700,000 rub.
Modern man lives in a fast pace. Intense workloads and an abundance of stressful situations lead to the accumulation of fatigue. To shake things up and get away from the daily routine, people prefer different kinds recreation. For supporters of active forms of entertainment and seekers of new sensations, a game called laser tag is perfect.
Competition in the construction and finishing industry is very high. Every year, thousands of companies engaged in interior decoration are opened all over Russia, and the same number are closed due to unprofitability. How to open an apartment renovation business and succeed in it?
The recycling business isn't just about collecting cans, bottles and old paper. In fact, most profitable recycling businesses concentrate on working with waste wood. Wood waste is a recyclable material that is generated from municipal solid waste (MSW), industrial and commercial waste, and construction and demolition waste.
Manufacturing food products in Russia is one of the most profitable businesses. But a wide range of availability of goods leads to the fact that not every product finds its buyer. Before choosing a type of business, you should find out how profitable it is. Sunflower oil production is an interesting business that attracts many entrepreneurs.
The aquarium is a bright decoration of the home, office premises, entertainment centers, shopping galleries, restaurants and shops. This popularity is due to the huge variety of their design. In addition, they attract the eye with their beauty, bright colors and exoticism. The consumer does not always find the ready-made aquarium he needs in the store, suitable in shape, size, design and price.
There are no analogues to polypropylene bags; they are distinguished not only by their high strength, but also by their ease of manufacture. In times of crisis, this is one of the most best ideas, which will help you earn good and long-term income. Today we need to learn how to set up the production of polypropylene bags, and what capital may be needed.
Own car wash for trucks is current business For Russia. The roads along which cars rush will always bring a large number of problems. The peculiarity of such a business is that there are a lot of such car washes for cars, but only a few for trucks, and you won’t find them in every city.
Just 30 years ago, laundries and dry cleaners were distributed throughout the country. However, as time passed, the demand for commercial laundry and dry cleaning services fell, state enterprises were closed, and those that had once passed into private hands became hopelessly outdated. The old equipment coped with its functions worse and worse, and new ones were not purchased. Over time, the number of dry cleaners and public laundries was reduced to a minimum.
Sports and a healthy lifestyle are a business niche that is actively developing and is in constant demand among the population. Statistics show that the demand for gym services is constantly growing, but there are still not enough offers to meet the needs. It is for this reason that more and more often novice entrepreneurs choose the field of sports and physical education and wonder how to open a sports club from scratch.
Until recently, ostriches in Russia were a curiosity that could only be found in zoos. Times have changed and, adopting foreign experience, Russian farmers have noticed that breeding ostriches is a profitable business. Looking at Europe and the US, the demand for dietary meat is growing. Behind last years More than 1,000 farms have opened, but demand still exceeds supply.
In economic realities modern Russia Trying to open your own business is like playing roulette. The competition for raw materials and sales markets is so high that a newcomer is not always able to gain a foothold in the market, much less develop his business to at least medium size. Therefore, already at the planning stage, everything should be calculated possible risks, advantages and disadvantages
Aerated concrete is used as a building material in the construction of residential and commercial premises. Aerated concrete occupies a major share in the global market for the production of building materials, which makes it very profitable for production. It occupies more than 75% of the concrete block production market due to its size, ease of production and widespread use in construction.
Since ancient times, parrots have been rare and wild birds for our cold country. Now, when it’s already 2019, these cheerful birds live in almost every home. But is it possible to make money on them in this case? If you follow certain rules, then it’s fine. And with the right luck factor, you can make money from breeding budgies pretty good money.
Most men in the world cannot live without fishing. Accordingly, fish farming is the same hunting, but on a larger scale. A project with large volumes of products, put on a commercial basis. Along the way, this type of activity contributes to the creation of new jobs in regions with high level unemployment.
Having started small business in trucking, you can benefit without the huge overhead costs that larger companies have. Opening your own small freight company requires meeting all the requirements government business, obtaining licenses and permits from the Russian Ministry of Transport and developing effective connections to achieve success.
From 2,900,000 rub.
Chocolate is a product popular among both children and adults. A novice entrepreneur, having made sure that there is an abundance of this tasty product in the markets, may decide that all the niches are occupied, and there are no prospects in this production area. Let's figure out together whether it is possible to start a chocolate business yourself, how profitable such a business will be, and what options exist for promoting products.
Fishermen are increasingly using worms for bait. Among them, earthen and California varieties are especially popular. In large locations there are stores where they purchase animals, but if there are no such outlets, then the owner raises the pets himself. They are used as bait to catch river inhabitants or to open private business for the sale of larvae. How to breed worms at home for fishing - we’ll talk about everything later.
A business plan is first and foremost necessary for the entrepreneur himself. Calculations allow you to find out the size of the required starting capital and payback time. Detailed calculations put everything in its place and make it possible to abandon a hopeless project, for example with a payback of ten years or more, even before investing funds.
Planning the activities of an enterprise provides an opportunity to take into account all possible risks and prevent them, to develop a plan “B” in advance. Without a thoughtful and detailed business plan, you will not be able to attract investment either from a bank or from private investors.
Should I buy a ready-made business project or do it myself?
If you are looking for a business plan for a small business, you definitely need to do it yourself. In the process of calculations and planning, an entrepreneur will be able to delve deeper into the essence of the business being opened and avoid many mistakes.
To correctly draw up a real business plan for a company, you need to have deep knowledge of tax and labor legislation, accounting and financial accounting, management and, of course, familiarize yourself with the market segment in which you plan to operate.
If you are just taking your first steps in entrepreneurship and do not have a specialized education or practical business planning skills, use our database. It presents examples of business plans for small businesses that have been successfully implemented and proven their worth. All projects are systematized, all you have to do is select ready-made example and based on ready-made template Using the formulas already given, make your own calculations.
As for opening a large industrial company, the opening of which involves billions of dollars in investment, it is better to entrust the development of a business plan for production to a team of specialists. How more project, the more subtleties. Well, the examples presented will help you initially assess the approximate size of the investment and the prospects of the project.
Our database contains detailed business plans with calculations for:
Opening of stores of various types, enterprises for wholesale trade;
Enterprises producing construction materials;
Agricultural and food processing enterprises;
Enterprises in the service sector: cafes, restaurants, beauty salons, etc.;
Amusement parks;
Vending (installation of vending machines: coffee, toys, photo machines, etc.);
Mini-productions, etc.;
Online stores;
Opening a shop with hand-made goods, etc.;
Social projects, etc.
Note! Our website presents typical examples business plans with calculations and they are intended for reference. The market, like prices, is in flux. Therefore, the figures given can only be used as a basis. Before starting the project, you need to calculate everything in detail based on the given algorithm.
How to use business ideas from our database: algorithm of actions
We study in detail an example of a business plan. We evaluate the volume of investment and payback period - if these parameters are not suitable, we look for another direction. If the decision is positive, we move on to the next point;
We analyze the local market (where we will operate). The ideal option is to combine ready-made data from industry experts (can be found on the Internet, newspapers, television business channels) and independently evaluate the activities of competing enterprises;
Marketing research: analysis of competitors’ activities, current prices for similar services, calculation of market capacity, average monthly and average annual revenue, taking into account seasonal fluctuations;
Cost estimation: we are looking for suppliers of equipment and raw materials;
Definition legal form and tax regime, calculation of tax deductions, salaries to employees.
After all the research and calculations, we must get the main figures - the size of the investment, profitability and payback period.
Typical mistakes of a novice businessman when drawing up a business plan
When calculating a business project, novice businessmen most often make a number of typical mistakes:
When determining investments, the cost of purchasing raw materials for only one month is taken into account, while it usually takes three to six months to achieve self-sufficiency;
When calculating salaries, the actual number of personnel is underestimated, and sick leave and tax deductions for each employee are not taken into account;
Costs for public utilities: payment for electricity, water and gas supply.
Your future project. How to write a business plan? The step-by-step instructions in this article will help in this matter.
Business plan goals
Writing a business plan can be different depending on why it is needed. One of the most common purposes is to present it for investment. This kind of project business plan is the most complex. Often, third parties are involved in writing it - experts in their field, who will create a suitable business plan for approval by the investor.
It happens that a manager instructs you to write a business plan for a company, for example, to open a branch. In this case, they also often turn to third-party specialists to draw up such plans. Ultimately, the contractor may only need to make some adjustments to the needs of the company.
Well, when a business plan is needed to open your own business, it is best to write it from cover to cover yourself. Although this is a difficult process, it is exciting and very interesting. After all, your own business is the real brainchild of an entrepreneur. And therefore, its creation is treated with great care and thoroughness. The article provides instructions on how to draw up a business plan for your business.
Initial idea
Basically, those who decide to open their own enterprise have already chosen and know their field of activity well. But there are entrepreneurs who want to have their own business, but still do not clearly know what exactly they will do. They are looking for a business idea. It is difficult to overestimate its importance. The idea must suit the interests and desires of the entrepreneur himself.
This could be a hobby that a person is willing to do even for free, or a business that already brings in a guaranteed income. In any case, having chosen a niche for yourself, it is important not to be distracted by anything else and not to dream of unattainable heights, but to step by step bring your real idea to life. A business plan will really help in this matter.
How to write a business plan? Step-by-step instruction
So, having imagined what the future business will be like, you can move on to writing a business plan. There are special planning standards. Therefore, if it is to be submitted for investment, you should choose an appropriate standard and adhere to it when writing.
To understand how to write a business plan, step-by-step instructions and generally accepted standards will serve you well, since they are approved by people who are professionally versed in these issues. An entrepreneur will be able to sort out his, perhaps not yet fully formed, thoughts and bring his business to life.
A standard business plan consists of the following chapters:
Market analysis.
Marketing and strategic plan.
Costs.
Production plan.
Investments.
Summary
Here the essence of the matter, a description of the business idea, information about its objective need in the market, timing of implementation, and competitiveness should be briefly displayed.
Of course, this part is largely intended for potential investors. It is they who, after reading the summary, make a conclusion about whether it is worth getting acquainted with this plan further or not. Therefore, if it is intended to be presented to an investor, it is necessary to describe this part carefully, perhaps returning to it again and again, making adjustments after compiling subsequent chapters.
However, for his own needs, this part is also important, since it helps the entrepreneur to better see the entire process of organizing the business as a whole.
General provisions
If the resume is written on about one - maximum two pages, then this chapter can be written in more detail. That is, in fact, the “General Provisions” chapter contains the same information as the summary, but in a more detailed form invites the reader to become familiar with the project as a whole.
This describes the characteristics and implementation of the project, its life cycle, the possibility of additional development and forecast of product changes with possible change market trends.
The service business plan in this chapter should contain information about what the specific service is and how it will attract customers. For example, a business plan describes all proposed services, their characteristics and distinctive features. An attractive feature here is the legend of how celebrities undergo procedures in the salon or how individual specialists provide them with these services, how specialists were trained directly with the brand of product with which they work.
Market analysis
In parallel with writing a business plan or before drawing it up, it is necessary to conduct a market analysis. This is an extremely important part, because the success of the future project directly depends on it.
Choosing a market niche and target audience, conduct a thorough analysis to determine how relevant the project’s business plan, the original proposal and its idea are. If the analysis reveals an excess supply, then it is worth returning to the idea and trying to adjust it so that it corresponds to the state of affairs on the market. If there is increased demand, then everything is in order, and you can safely proceed to further actions.
Market analysis is carried out different ways. But if problems arise with its implementation, there are companies where you can outsource market analysis.
Nevertheless, the entrepreneur is recommended to understand this issue himself, since any third-party organizations will give only an objective average result, not fully taking into account the business plans of small businesses and all the nuances of the business idea of the project author.
Marketing and strategic planning
This plan includes introducing the product to the market, its development, pricing, sales and distribution system, as well as advertising. To launch a product, it is advisable to build a Gantt chart, which will display the dates of implementation of various activities. Based on market analysis and competitiveness, a strategy is calculated, how the market will be conquered and what tactical actions will be required for implementation.
Pricing is based on economic calculations and expected company earnings. Sales and marketing can be presented in the form of a diagram, where the entire process will be visible in stages. For example, from receipt of goods at the warehouse to receipt of money for the goods and its sale.
Costs and production schedule
This chapter includes the purchase of necessary equipment, repairs, rental of premises and other costs. The production schedule must reflect how many people are required to implement the project, their work schedule, and deductions wages and related payments.
They will become much more attractive to an investor if there is a ready-made team that will work on the project, as this proves the entrepreneur’s ability to implement his plans. Therefore, it would be appropriate to highlight this fact in the business plan.
Production plan
If the company is a manufacturing company, then it is necessary to describe the production process, as well as the partners and suppliers who will participate in the business. For example, the farm business plan in this chapter should include equipment for milking, bottling, packaging milk and a mechanism for marketing it through specific suppliers.
Financial plan and investments
The most important part of the entire business plan is, of course, the financial plan. Moreover, if the project is intended to be familiar to the investor, then after reading the summary, a serious investor will most likely look at the financial plan. After all, this is where the real ability of an entrepreneur to implement business ideas will be visible. This is the essence of entrepreneurial activity.
The financial plan provides all the information about the possible costs and income of the project. Based on the marketing, strategic plan and costs, a table is drawn up for several years, which displays the required investments and their repayment schedule, all costs and possible income.
The final part of the financial plan must necessarily be a calculation of the profitability of the future business.
Now the reader knows how to write a business plan. The step-by-step instructions given in the article are a short guide demonstrating the importance of understanding goals and the need for business planning.
It is a document that highlights all the characteristics of the future organization, analyzes possible problems and risks, predicts them and methods by which they can be avoided.
Simply put, a business plan for an investor is the answer to the question “Should I finance the project or throw it in the trash?”
Important! A business plan is drawn up on paper, taking into account some procedures and rules. This presentation of the project to some extent materializes your idea and shows your desire and willingness to work. Also, putting it on paper makes it easier for investors to perceive the idea.
Drawing up a business plan yourself
Making a business plan yourself is not that difficult, you just need to think about the idea carefully. Before you grab a calculator and calculate your income, there are several steps you need to take.
- Identify the “pros” and “cons” of the idea that has arisen. If the number of “minuses” is off the charts, don’t rush to give up. Some aspects can be turned in the opposite direction, think about ways to solve such “cons”.
- Important Features are competitiveness and market sustainability.
- The sales market needs to be thought through to the smallest detail.
- The payback of the product (service) and the time of receiving the first profit will allow you to determine (approximately) the required amount for investment.
If after such a superficial analysis you don’t want to abandon your brainchild, then it’s time to take a clean slate and start creating a business plan.
It is important to know! Unified structure and step by step instructions there is no way to calculate a business plan. Therefore, the presence and order of items included in the plan are determined independently. However, experts have established the most best option plan structure. If you have no experience in drafting such documents, you need to use these recommendations to correctly compose your work.
Structure and procedure for drawing up a business plan
The structure of a good business plan, according to economists, should include 12 points. Each of them is described below.
Title page
The following parameters are specified here:
- name of the project;
- name of the organization where the project is planned to be implemented, indicating telephone numbers, addresses and other contact information;
- head of the above organization;
- developer (team or manager) of a business plan;
- date of document preparation;
- It is allowed to include the most significant indicators of financial calculations for the project on the first sheet.
This document is necessary to protect the copyright of the idea and business plan. This reflects the reader's awareness that he does not have the right to distribute the information contained in the document without the permission of the author. There may also be an instruction prohibiting copying, duplicating the document, or transferring it to another person, or a requirement to return the read business plan to the author if the investor does not accept the agreement.
An example of a confidentiality memorandum can be seen below.
The next 2 sections of the plan – “Brief Summary” and “Main Idea of the Project” – are introductory. They can be used as a preliminary proposal (for review) to partners and investors until negotiations are scheduled.
Brief summary
Although a brief summary of such a document is at the beginning, it is written at the final stage, as a summary. A summary is a short description of the project idea and a list of the most significant characteristics of the financial component.
The following questions will help, answering which can lead to an excellent resume:
- What product does the company plan to sell?
- Who would want to buy this product?
- What is the planned sales (production) volume for the first year of the company’s operation? What will be the revenue?
- What is the total cost of the project?
- How will the enterprise be formed according to its organizational and legal form?
- How many workers are planned to be recruited?
- What is the required amount of capital investment to implement the project?
- What are the sources of funding for this project?
- How much will it be total profit(profitability) for a specific period, payback period, volume Money at the end of the first year of operation of the enterprise, profitability. Net present value.
It is important to know! The summary is read by the investor first. Therefore, the future fate of the project depends on this section: the investor will either become interested or bored. This part should not exceed 1 page.
Main idea of the project
- What is the main project goal?
- What are the objectives of the enterprise to achieve the main goal?
- Are there any obstacles to your goal and how to get around them?
- What exact actions does the author propose to perform in order to as soon as possible achieve results and achieve goals? What are these deadlines?
Important! It is necessary to provide clear, real and explicit arguments that will confirm confidence in the profitability and success of the project. The volume of this part is optimal within 1-2 pages.
In this section, it is customary to use the conducted SWOT analysis – assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the enterprise, opportunities (prospects), as well as possible threats. It is unlikely that you will be able to make a business plan correctly and as completely as possible without such an analysis.
A SWOT analysis reflects 2 aspects that influence the life of an organization: internal, relating to the enterprise itself, and external (everything outside the company that it cannot change).
Do not forget: You are describing a company, not a product! Common mistake authors is that they begin to write the characteristics of the product in the “strength” column.
Here are some parameters you can use to describe strengths or weaknesses:
- high-tech production;
- service and after sales service;
- versatility of the product (without affecting its specific properties);
- level of qualifications and professionalism of employees;
- level technical equipment enterprises.
External factors (“opportunities” and “threats”) include:
- market growth rate;
- level of competition;
- political situation in the region, country;
- features of legislation;
- features of consumer solvency.
Example
Characteristics of the industry on the market
- dynamics of sales of similar products in the industry in recent years;
- market industry growth rate;
- trends and features of pricing;
- comprehensive assessment of competitors;
- search and identification of new and young enterprises in the industry, as well as characteristics of their activities;
- description of the consumer market, their desires, intentions, requirements, opportunities;
- assessment of the possible impact of scientific, social, economic aspects;
- prospects for development in the market.
Essence of the project
This section reveals the idea, the subject of the business plan. It also reflects the level of preparedness of the enterprise to go “into the world”, the availability of all the funds required for this.
The most important provisions in this section:
- primary goals;
- description of the target consumer segment;
- key performance factors for market success;
- a detailed presentation of the product, the characteristics of which must be within the market segment defined above;
- stage of product development (if production has started), patent and copyright purity;
- characteristics of the organization;
- the total cost of the project, indicating the financing schedule by periods and investment amounts;
- required initial expenses for a marketing campaign and the formation of a coherent organizational structure.
Marketing plan
Tasks and goals are indicated here marketing policy and methods for solving and achieving them. It is important to indicate which task is intended for which personnel, in what time frame it is required to be completed and with the help of which tools. The funds required for the latter also need to be indicated.
Marketing plan is a strategy, a set of sequential and/or simultaneous steps created to attract consumers and provide effective returns on their part.
The investor will be attentive to such points as:
- a well-developed system of comprehensive market research and analysis;
- the planned volume of sales of goods (services) and its assortment, scheduled by time periods until the enterprise reaches full capacity;
- ways to improve products;
- description of product packaging and pricing policy;
- procurement and sales system;
- advertising strategy – clearly formulated and understandable;
- service planning;
- control over the implementation of the marketing strategy.
Production plan
Everything that directly concerns the creation of products is reflected in this part. Therefore, it is advisable to compile this section only for those companies that plan not only distribution, but also production of products.
Points that must be specified:
- required productive capacity;
- detailed interpretation of the technological process;
- detailed description operations entrusted to subcontractors;
- necessary equipment, its characteristics, cost and method of purchase or rental;
- subcontractors;
- required area for production;
- raw materials, resources.
It is important to indicate the cost of everything that requires expenses.
Organizational plan
At this stage, the principles of organizational strategic management company. If the enterprise already exists, then this point is still mandatory: the compliance of the existing structure with the intended goals is determined here. The organizational part must certainly contain the following data:
- name of the organizational and legal form (individual entrepreneur, JSC, partnership and others);
- an organizational management system that reflects the structure in the form of a diagram, regulations and instructions, communication and dependence of departments;
- founders, their description and data;
- management team;
- interaction with staff;
- supplying the management system with the necessary material and technical resources;
- location of the company.
Financial plan
This chapter of the business plan gives a total economic assessment a written project accompanied by calculations of the level of profitability, payback periods, and financial stability of the enterprise.
A financial plan is very important for an investor; here it determines whether the investment is attractive to him or not. this project.
Here you need to make some calculations and summarize them:
Risk analysis
In a risk analysis, the author must examine the project and identify potential threats that could lead to decreased revenue. It is necessary to take into account financial, industry, natural, social and other risks. In this case, it is necessary to develop detailed and effective plan preventing them or minimizing their impact on the company. Therefore, the business plan must indicate:
- a list of all potential problems;
- a set of techniques and tools that prevent, eliminate or minimize risks;
- models of the company’s behavior when events occur that are not conducive to its development;
- justification for the low probability of such problems occurring.
Applications
This is the last link in the structure of a business plan. It includes documents, quotes, sources, copies of contracts, agreements, certificates, letters from consumers, partners, statistical data, calculation tables used in the preparation of this document. It is required to insert links and footnotes to the appendices in the text of the business plan.
General requirements for the document
- it is necessary to write a business plan in clear, precise language, without long and complex formulations;
- desired volume – 20-25 pages;
- the business plan must cover all the information required by the investor in full;
- the document must necessarily be based on real facts, substantiated rational proposals;
- the plan must have a strategic foundation: strict, delineated and complete, with clear targets;
- interconnectedness, complexity and consistency are important features of drawing up a plan;
- the investor must see the future, prospects for the development of the project idea;
- The flexibility of the business plan is a significant plus. If adjustments can be made, amendments to the written project are a pleasant bonus for the investor;
- conditions and modes of control over the functioning of the enterprise should become part of the business plan.
Making a business plan from scratch without the help of a specialist is not easy, but it is possible. It is important to adhere to the above rules, construction structure and avoid mistakes.
The most common mistakes
- Illiterate syllable
The rules of language cannot be ignored. It often happens that the most incredible and promising idea goes into the trash bin along with a bunch of plans of mediocre IP specialists. And all because errors in spelling, vocabulary, punctuation and poor presentation of the text completely discourage any investor.
- Careless design
The design should be the same throughout the document: bullets, headings, lists, font, size, numbering, spacing, etc. Contents, headings, numbering, names of figures and tables, designation of data in graphs are required!
- Incomplete plan
To properly draw up a business plan, you need a comprehensive amount of information. The sections of the document listed above are the minimum that should be unconditionally included in the project.
- Vague plan
The work should be “like in a pharmacy on a scale.” Clear, defined, specific statements of goals and (important!) ideas.
- Too many details
An abundance of technical, financial, and marketing terms will only help in exams. For a business plan, you need to select only the most significant details. If there is a great need for a thorough description of a process, then you can add it to the appendix.
- Unrealistic data
Business proposals like these are based on assumptions. Therefore, the author needs to approach the idea rationally and have a reasonable background, a real reason, supported by calculations.
- Few facts
For each assumption there is its own justification - real, valid. Facts give work meaning and confidence. You shouldn’t create a fountain of facts either, but if you get carried away, then look at the rule about details.
- “We have no risks!”
The main rule: there is no business without risk. There is no such business in which it is “quiet and calm.” The investor knows this, and the author should know this. Therefore, it’s time to come down from the clouds to the ground and study, explore, analyze.
- “And we have no competitors either!”
There is always a competitor, as well as a risk. It can be direct or indirect. Study this topic carefully and meticulously, and a rival will definitely appear on the horizon, waving his hand at you.
- Neglecting outside help
Creating a business plan yourself does not mean doing absolutely everything yourself. Moreover, obtaining a high-quality result is possible through the joint efforts of several specialists. Don't be afraid of helpers!
I am glad to welcome regular readers and new audiences! Today we will continue the conversation about starting your own business. To help you, I offer a ready-made business plan with calculations for small businesses. And those who are used to relying on themselves will learn how to correctly compose it from scratch and adapt it for a specific case. When you read the article to the end, there will be no questions left!
Key factors for the success of a business plan: 3 main rules
A business plan is a document that brings an idea to implementation in a form understandable for an entrepreneur and investors. It analyzes the situation and describes the mechanisms of the systems involved.
The basis for drawing up the plan will be the following rules:
- Determine the current level with an open mind. Are you employed but want to open a business? You will need to take into account what you have: skills, connections, availability of start-up capital and premises - everything plays a role.
- State a specific result. Starting a business with the wording “I want to become rich” is dooming it to failure. Determine the market niche, profit level, turnover.
- Think through the steps that will lead to the designated outcome. Be logical and conduct additional analysis if you are not confident in your knowledge.
Follow these rules whether you want to impress investors or are putting together a project for yourself. Constantly ask the question: “Why should a business succeed?” The key to success can be a successful product, the qualifications of the team, the influence of partners, etc. Having found the answer, use the advantage to the maximum, and the result will meet your expectations.
Business plan structure: main sections
Are you wondering how to create business plans for a small business yourself? Adhere to a clear structure, which will allow both you and your partners to navigate the document.
Title page design
The name of the project is written on the title page , indicate the volume of investment and the expected payback period. It is appropriate to provide information about the organization: address, contact numbers, full name of the owner.
Writing a resume: briefly about the main thing
The resume is the first section of interest to potential investors. To ensure that your acquaintance with the project does not end there, outline the essence of the idea. Focus on goals and objectives, list the necessary resources and methods for implementing projects. Be sure to highlight why the offer is unique.
Finally, let's get down to the numbers:
- investments necessary for opening;
- project launch date;
- planned and actual terms of refund.
Finally, state your expected profit. There is no need to use lengthy stories about the benefits of the enterprise: it is enough to make a competent calculation.
Defining goals and objectives: be concise
The “Goals and Objectives” section defines the position you plan to occupy. Mention technological processes necessary to achieve the result, but do not go into detail - you will provide information in the appendices. The main task is to tell why the offer wins against the competition. But avoid unsubstantiated statements, because every word must be supported by facts.
Do you want to emphasize the originality of the idea? List patents and copyright documents. Indicate ways for further development so that investors see the long-term benefits of cooperation.
Conducting market analysis, identifying the desired segment
By conducting a market analysis, you will determine the availability of niches. It is necessary to consider the internal state of the selected industry and the impact external factors(for example, difficult economic situation, shortage of personnel). Consider the risk of facing competition and tell us what advantages your product has.
To make your plan more effective, identify a market segment. You will need to create a buyer profile, taking into account the following:
- age;
- social status;
- needs;
- reasons why a client will contact you.
Having defined a portrait potential buyer and its needs, evaluate the capabilities of the enterprise. Particular attention should be paid to this part if you are planning to open a new business.
The description of a product or service is presented with an emphasis on the benefits of the consumer. Simply put, don’t tell us what a great product you have, but describe why the client needs it.
The list of characteristics and properties should include the following:
- the product's name;
- appointment;
- listing the main properties and short story about minor ones;
- definition of competitiveness;
- availability of copyrights or licenses (if you are yet to obtain them, mention this point);
- information on supplies, guarantees, availability of service;
- description of appearance;
- availability of certificates;
- performance characteristics;
- disposal methods.
Describing the items will make planning easier and help you understand which properties need improvement.
Marketing analysis and plan: promotion strategy
Task marketing analysis is to develop a product image and determine a promotion strategy. Once you have outlined the circle of buyers and established the required volume of goods, think about ways to convey information to the audience.
It will be easier to formulate the needs of future buyers by answering a number of questions:
- Describe what they are purchasing now that your product is not on the market. List popular suppliers, volume of purchases, indicate the average price.
- The most difficult thing is to understand why a consumer prefers a certain product. When purchasing kitchen utensils, the client can choose a set with the largest number components, focus on convenience or appreciate an attractive design. You need to determine his motivation, which desk research, telephone surveys and expert interviews will help with.
- Ask the main question: “How can I get people to buy my product?” It is possible to attract customers through advertising campaigns, participation in exhibitions, sending out flyers, and providing free samples.
The nuances of the work depend on whether the activity is aimed at a wholesale or retail consumer, whether you are going to involve legal or individuals etc.
- 1. Sample business plan
- 1.1. Sections of a business plan
- 1.2. Project Description
- 1.3. Production plan
- 1.4. Marketing plan
- 1.5. Financial plan
Each company, in the course of its activities, must clearly understand the needs for all types of resources, and also be able to accurately calculate the volume necessary funds to realize your business ideas. In a market economy, it is necessary to be able to plan, regularly analyze internal and external environment, assess your own prospects and capabilities. For clarity, consider a sample business plan with calculations. Also at the very end of the article you can download detailed business plan grocery store.
Business plan for a web studio - sample with calculations
1. Sample business plan
The article presents a sample business plan with calculations for opening a website development company. Today, many companies decide to open their representative office on the Internet. As a result, there is a need to create an official website.
A business plan is an official document that will subsequently be presented to potential investors and partners. Therefore, when developing it, certain principles should be adhered to.
1.1. Sections of a business plan
- introduction,
- (a brief description of project and main financial indicators),
- project description,
- analysis of enterprise capabilities,
- production plan,
- marketing plan,
- financial plan,
- risk analysis,
- conclusion,
- links to sources.
1.2. Project Description
The company being designed is created for the purpose of developing websites and subsequently posting them on the Internet. The product of the enterprise is the website, made in accordance with the client’s requests, selected concept and functionality. The average price of a website (at the arithmetic mean) will be 64 thousand rubles.
At the moment, the development stage of the project is assessed as a business idea. The goal of the project is to position itself on the market as a professional company for creating websites of varying complexity, with a modern concept and user-friendly interface.
When recruiting personnel, it is planned to look for professional layout designers and web designers based on an assessment of their portfolio (resume).
1.3. Production plan
It is planned to spend 200 thousand rubles of own funds and 800,000 rubles of borrowed funds in the form of a bank loan, i.e. All in all 1 million rubles.
All information is given as an example - this business the plan is a sample with approximate calculations
Currently, the IT technology segment is in a stage of dynamic growth. As a result of the penetration of broadband access into Russian regions and the development of mobile and wireless data networks, there is an increase in Internet users.
The preparatory period for the opening of the project is planned to be completed in full within six months.
The company's staff will consist of 6 people: CEO, accountant, employees and four programmers, each of which is responsible for specific project and is a highly specialized specialist.
Web studio company staff
Estimated payroll will be 1659 thousand rubles. in the first year, 1893 thousand rubles. in the second year and 1962 thousand rubles. in the third year of the project.
Planned revenue for the first year will be 3793.93 thousand rubles, for the second year - 6140.19 thousand rubles, and for the third year - 6278.12 thousand rubles.
Acquisition costs fixed assets are estimated at 634.88 thousand rubles. The amount of depreciation deductions is not calculated, since the organization will operate under a simplified taxation system.
Cost of services provided will amount to 3918.55 thousand rubles in 2017, 3491.906 thousand rubles in 2018 and 3527.547 thousand rubles in 2019, respectively. The decrease in cost in 2018 compared to 2017 is due to the write-off of the cost of fixed assets, and the increase in cost in 2019 compared to 2018 is due to an increase in costs for personnel, acquisition Supplies for subsequent creation of services. It should be noted that business plan calculation samples depend on the specific economic situation in the country.
1.4. Marketing plan
Marketing expenses are estimated at 13% of revenue in 2017, 4.2% in 2018 and 4.15% in 2019.
1.5. Financial plan
The financial results of the project are assessed as follows. In the first year of activity financial results will be negative and the loss in 2017 will be 124.62 thousand rubles.
In 2019, the profit will be 2,648,284 rubles, and the maximum profit of 2,750,573 rubles will be achieved in 2019.
Net profit on an accrual basis at the end of 2017 will be -230.807 thousand rubles, at the end of 2018 – +1813.725 thousand rubles, and at the end of 2019 – +4215.028 thousand rubles.
We will calculate the efficiency of investments for the project
- Net present value:
NPV = 2947.435 rub. - Internal rate of return (IRR):
2947.435 / (1 + x) 3 = 100 * 0.579;
2947.435 = 57.9 * (1 + x) 3;
(1 + x) 3 = 50.91;
x = 2.71, IRR = 271%. - Profitability Index (PI):
PI = A / KV = 2947.435 / 1000.0 = 2.647
Investment return index > 1. This indicates that this project is effective. - Payback period (PP):
PP = 2 + = 2 + 0.7 = 2.7 quarters - Discounted payback period (DPP):
DPP = 3 + = 3 + 0.74 = 3.74 quarters
Thus, the payback period of the business project is 3.74 quarters; also, a year after the start of the project, there will be a guaranteed repayment of the loan and receipt of income if the specified conditions for the project are met.
2. How to write a business plan - video + ready-made sample
This sample includes all the main points and necessary calculations and can be used as an example of a business plan for your own developments. It should also be noted that a detailed business plan sample with calculations can be purchased from specialized companies.
You can also view a detailed grocery store business plan
3. Create and implement a business plan
Now that you know the basic principles of writing a concrete business plan, try to implement your long-held business idea. Carefully consider each step; the business plan should be drawn up taking into account the characteristics of the market you are going to enter.
Of course, to achieve success in business, a business plan alone, even if thought out to the smallest detail, will not be enough. Therefore, we advise you to read books by successful people with the secrets of achieving really big goals in business. We invite you to download a free book about the 10 main secrets of rich people.
