This is a popular direction for both education and development of the country. Many people think about what kind of education to get to successfully work in this field. Understanding this issue is not as difficult as it seems. In fact, it is enough to know just a few features of training. But choosing a place to receive an appropriate education is more difficult. There are a lot of different institutions that allow graduates to work in the hotel and restaurant business. And an ignorant person may simply get confused in the choice.

What is the work

So, the first step is to understand what a citizen who has decided to work in a direction called “hotel and restaurant business” will have to do. It is not entirely clear what will need to be done in this or that case.

The point is that upon graduation from one or another institution a person will become a restaurateur. Or, as he is also called, a hotel and restaurant business manager. The tasks of such an employee are varied.

Among the main activities are:

• work quality control;
• management of hotels or restaurants;
• establishing a supply of items necessary for the functioning of the business;
• marketing planning.

In other words, such a manager is a universal worker in the hotel and restaurant business. Most often found as an administrator in a particular institution.

Ways of learning

Didn't the definition scare you away? Then you should think about training. Where can you master this type of activity as the hotel and restaurant business? Where should a person go to receive an appropriate education? There are a lot of options. Everyone chooses one or another institution to build their career and receive education in the hotel and restaurant industry.

If we briefly list all possible places of study, we can highlight the following organizations:

• universities in Russia and outside the country;
• colleges;
• organizations offering retraining;
• private training companies.

Each training option has its own characteristics. They will be discussed further below. What should you pay attention to in this or that case? How to become a restaurateur without any problems?

Retraining

It's probably worth starting with the least common scenario. We are talking about taking retraining courses. They are usually organized either by the employer or by specialized labor exchanges.

The average training period is 2-3 months. No entrance tests will be required. Upon graduation, the citizen receives a certificate of retraining as a restaurateur. From now on, he will be able to work in the hotel and restaurant business.

Private centers

The next training option is to contact private training centers. This good way receiving additional education, as well as self-development. With the help of specialized courses, you can easily master the hotel and restaurant business. It is recommended to inquire about the programs offered by certain private educational institutions.

They usually study for about a year. In rare cases, the training lasts several months or years. After listening to lectures, you usually need to take a final test and pass an exam. And after this, the person is given a certificate stating that he is now considered a restaurateur. The document usually lists the skills acquired.

Are you interested in the hotel and restaurant business? What subjects will you have to take to study at private centers? None. And it pleases. Entrance tests in private educational centers are missing. It's enough to just pay for your education.

Universities

A more serious approach is to study at universities in the country. Modern universities offer several options for mastering the specialty of a restaurateur. You can study at a university on the basis of a secondary vocational education or get a higher education. In the first case, education will be obtained. He is not very valued by employers. In the second, the graduate will receive a diploma of higher education. This is what attracts many employers. Although, as practice shows, the hotel and restaurant business allows you to successfully build a career with a diploma of secondary specialized education.

Depending on the type of study chosen, you will have to spend either 2 years, or 3, or 4 as a student. In the first two cases we're talking about about secondary specialized education based on grades 9 or 11, respectively. Higher education takes 4 years.

A distinctive feature of studying at universities and colleges is the presence of entrance tests. To be accepted as a student, you will need to pass certain exams. More on them a little later. First, you should find out where exactly in Russia you can go to study to become a restaurateur.

Universities for studying

There are a lot of higher educational institutions in Russia. Where do they study in the field of "hotel and restaurant business"? Universities in Russia that offer to become restaurateurs include the following:

• Plekhanov University;
• RSUH;
• Sechenov Moscow State Institute;
• Russian State University of Tourism and Service (Moscow).

That's not all educational establishments. In almost every humanitarian university you can become a restaurateur. Only the above places, as students say, provide the best training in their chosen field.

College

Are you interested in the hotel and restaurant business? College is the most common option for getting an appropriate education to start a career. Usually, admission to specialized schools is considered after 9th or 11th grade.

Depending on the chosen educational institution, entrance examinations are either present or absent. Where exactly should I go to study? You can choose a humanitarian technical school. And there you can see if there is a direction that interests the applicant. As already mentioned, after 9th grade they study for 2 years, after 11th grade - 3.

Where exactly should I go? You can pay attention to:

• management and hotel and restaurant business;
• Small Business College No. 48;
• food college in Moscow;
• Krasnodar Trade and Economic College.

This is all just the beginning. The list could take a very long time. Are you interested in the hotel and restaurant business? The college in St. Petersburg at 154a embankment is considered the most successful choice among residents of St. Petersburg.

Tests

What's next? Now it is important to understand what tests you will have to pass. As already mentioned, technical schools sometimes admit students simply by application. It is enough to simply present a certificate of secondary education, an identity card and an application for enrollment.

And if the university is studying the hotel and restaurant business, what should I take? Mandatory exams include:

• Russian language;
• mathematics.

Both subjects must be passed at the basic level. But in the major you will have to take social studies. In some cases, they may also request the Unified State Examination or State Examination English language. These are all the exams that you will have to pass. And then enrolling in a hotel and restaurant business college or university will not be difficult.

Sooner or later, most people have to use hotel services. When coming on a business trip, visiting relatives, or being in the city for entertainment purposes, guests choose a hotel to their liking and rent a room for a certain number of days.

Depending on the class of the establishment, the service staff can offer clients a set of standard services or some additional service.

Who works in hotels

The hierarchy of hotel staff is essentially the same as in many other organizations: there is a middle management level and senior management.

In order to occupy a lower-level position, it is enough to have hard work and discipline, and managers cannot do without special education (faculty of Hospitality). What job to do after graduation is decided by the graduates themselves, focusing on the specifics of the knowledge acquired and their personal preferences.

Hotel staff tasks

It is the responsibility of service workers to ensure round-the-clock operation of the hotel. Cleaners and maids are responsible for cleaning and maintaining cleanliness in the rooms, corridors, halls, staircases and courtyard of the hotel. Other employees take customers' orders, deliver food and shopping to them, help with loading and unloading luggage, keep their clothes and shoes clean, and perform a variety of other similar tasks. The advantage of such relatively simple professions is the lack of need special education, for example, at the Faculty of Hospitality. What you can work without experience and skills is a maid or a cleaner.

Such employees practically do not communicate with guests. As a last resort, short dialogues on general topics are acceptable.

Studying the features of the functioning of hotels and management activities Students who have chosen the specialty “Hotel and Restaurant Business” study in this structure. What can you do after graduation? Manager, administrator, or manager.

Responsibilities of a hotel service specialist

Middle managers assume the following responsibilities:

1. Monitoring the work of maintenance personnel.
2. Formulation of valuable instructions, selection of their executors and monitoring the quality of the work performed.
3. Monitoring compliance with internal rules of the organization.
4. Monitoring compliance with necessary sanitary and hygienic standards.
5. Communication with clients, resolution of conflict situations (within their competence).

In addition, a specialist can advise, instruct newcomers and conduct internships. His responsibilities often include conducting interviews with applicants for vacancies, as well as their selection.

An important task of a specialist manager is to monitor the mood present in the team and correct it. Good worker knows how to analyze the situation in a timely manner, predict its development and optimize this process (resolution of internal conflicts, correct selection of personnel, application of incentive measures and penalties).

Many of the wisdom from this list are taught in various educational institutions at the Faculty of Hospitality (the student should decide who to work and what specialty to choose before enrolling).

Benefits of working as a hotel service specialist

When choosing such a profession, people expect the following privileges:

• Gaining experience in management, which is useful not only for advancement in the hotel business, but also for work in many other structures.
• Such workers receive very decent wages. Specialists by rank are not entitled to tips, but their salary is several times higher than the official earnings of porters and maids.
• As a rule, working conscientiously as a specialist in hotel service, you can count on a quick promotion.

Many young people do not think about their future specialty when studying hotel management. They decide who to work after gaining minimal experience, studying their capabilities and market requirements. That is, they perceive it as a start for a career.

Disadvantages of the profession

To the disadvantages that characterize this type activities, one can attribute inevitably high nervous tension executives, as well as the lack of a standardized working day.

Students wishing to work in this industry must carefully consider all the nuances before studying the hotel industry. It is up to them to decide who to work with, but they must remember this business- it is always working with people with different temperaments, characters and levels of culture. Both among the guests and among the staff there can be impolite, upset and even rude people. A specialist must be able to find a way out of various sensitive or conflict situations in order to maintain the establishment’s reputation and customer loyalty at the highest level.

Hotel management: who to work and where to study?

Modern educational institutions offer those interested two opportunities to obtain education in this field:

1. Diploma.
2. Postgraduate.

The first is traditional training with a bachelor's degree awarded upon completion of the course. Postgraduate education can be used by young specialists or already established employees hotel industry who want to improve their skills. The result of such training is a master's degree.

Many domestic trade universities and specialized colleges offer to master the specialty "Hospitality" (where to work after graduation, you can ask the admissions committee or study the relevant publications). In addition, many educational institutions in Switzerland, France and Poland are constantly inviting applicants.

What is required to master the profession

It must be said that not every person can be a hotel service specialist. To perform effectively management functions and to be a useful employee for the organization, the student will need pragmatism, rational thinking skills, patience and certain leadership qualities.

At the moment, there is a certain bias in the labor market towards supply, that is, there are more young specialists than vacancies. However, this fact should not confuse ambitious and purposeful people, because with such qualities they have every chance of success. successful career. In addition, the training program includes a large number of universal items that can be useful when working as a manager or HR specialist in an organization far from hotel business.

Knowing what kind of work they can do after graduating from Hotel Management, young people should take into account the specifics future profession. Only in this way will learning be interesting, and work will become a favorite pastime.

The unprecedented demand for services in the hospitality sector has led to the fact that a qualified and truly skilled tourism specialist is worth his weight in gold in Russia and abroad. To obtain a higher education that meets international standards, it is worth carefully studying the offers of European and American universities.

A future tourism manager needs to undergo training in an international environment. National composition of participants curricula foreign universities meet this requirement.

Russian universities are not able to compete with Western universities, which have been training professional managers in the field of tourism for several decades. Higher education abroad represents the quintessence of theory and practice, because each program is based on real experience and latest developments specialists in the field of tourism. In addition, traditionally successful and innovative customer service models are used to develop the skills needed in this area.

Bachelor's students at the Hotel Institute Montreux at a lecture (Switzerland)

Tourism education abroad: key points

Tourism education is comprehensive. In most cases, students work using the case study method, that is, they are immersed in specific situations characteristic of working in their chosen specialty. Students learn to analyze and easily adapt to changes in the situation in order to find the most rational and effective ways problem solving. Analysis of “cases” allows you to train your skills by studying in an unusual, productive and interesting format of classes.

A particularly prestigious tourist package can be obtained in Switzerland. This country has ideal conditions for creating and promoting a business in the hospitality sector, which means that unique programs are ready here for an in-depth study of the features and prospects of this industry. Switzerland offers the most big choice specialties, and their list is constantly expanding in accordance with the requirements of the time.

Practical classes at Culinary Arts Academy Switzerland (Switzerland)

• preparatory courses for applicants
• bachelor's degree
• master's degree
• refresher courses

Each of these areas is designed to train modern and success-oriented specialists who can bring travel business creative and popular ideas.

Studying in Switzerland includes programs that develop time management skills, corporate responsibility, discipline. All this serves as the key to success in the future.

Practice as a tourism specialist

Top universities in Switzerland are equipped with special classrooms, for example, similar to reception desks. They also work closely with both small and very influential hotels, restaurants, entertainment centers. More than 50% of study time is devoted to practicing skills in practice, because education in the field of tourism includes numerous internships both in the country of study and abroad.

MBA course at Glion Institute of Higher Education - a bright period of life (Switzerland)

Among the universities in Switzerland offering to study tourism and hotel services, Glion Institute of Higher Education, Cesar Ritz Hotel School, Hotel Institute Montreux, Les Roches International School of Hotel Management are especially popular. These are recognized industry giants producing truly qualified personnel, which are ready to work anywhere in the world. Studying at the Swiss Hotel Management School, School of Hotel Management IHTTI, Swiss School of Tourism and Hospitality is also in deserved demand among foreigners. The competition for their branches is very high.

Prices for education in the field of tourism

Education in Switzerland depends on programs, number of internships and other factors. The cost varies from 35,000 to 70,000CHF (Swiss francs) per year.

The wide range of prices is due to the high status of some universities, studies in which are much more expensive, but will be a huge plus when finding a job.

If you dream of studying in England or the USA, studying tourism and obtaining higher education in these countries, then the choice of universities is almost as impressive as in Switzerland. In the USA, it is worth noting the influence of Colorado State University, Oregon State University and the University of South Florida.

In England, you can achieve mastery in any specialty related to the field of hospitality by graduating from the University of Exeter, Regent's University London, University of Surrey or London South Bank University.

More and more managers are deciding to get a second higher education in the field of tourism, as this provides a brilliant opportunity to improve their chances of success in this promising industry.

Hotel business, culinary arts, hotel and restaurant management, as well as sports, entertainment and event management can also be studied as part of additional education, for example, in courses for management staff. StudyLab company recommends tourism education to sociable, positive and purposeful people who dream of finding their calling in working with people.

Introduction

Services provided to tourists by accommodation facilities are the main services in tourism activities, both when organizing individual and group travel.

The standard international classification of accommodation facilities includes two types: collective accommodation facilities and individual means placement. In turn, collective accommodation facilities are divided into hotels and similar accommodation facilities; specialized accommodation facilities and other collective accommodation facilities. Hotels and similar accommodation facilities have the following characteristics:

Consist of numbers, the number of which exceeds a certain minimum, have a single management;

They provide a variety of hotel services, the list of which is not limited to daily making of beds, cleaning of rooms and bathrooms;

Grouped into classes (classified) and may have service quality categories (certified) according to the services provided, equipment available, building architecture and personnel qualifications.

The minimum occupancy of hotels and similar accommodation depends on national and regional conditions and applicable standards and is generally 7-10 rooms.

Specialized accommodation facilities provide a minimum of services and do not necessarily consist of rooms. These establishments, in addition to providing accommodation services, provide specialized services such as treatment and rehabilitation, social services, organization of meetings and conferences, etc. The specificity of the services provided determines the classes of these accommodation facilities: sanatoriums, resorts, congress centers, various types of labor and recreation camps.

Other collective accommodation facilities are accommodation facilities of any type, including non-profit ones, providing a minimum amount of services and not necessarily consisting of rooms. These may include campsites and social accommodation facilities (dormitories, holiday homes).

The authors of the domestic, so-called state system of classification of hotels and other accommodation facilities claim that a single government system classification of hotels, as in other countries of the world, in particular in France.

The purpose of this course work– study and analyze the history of the emergence of accommodation enterprises, their types, development prospects, as well as the state and problems of accommodation enterprises in Russia.

The topic of development of accommodation facilities in Russia was not chosen by chance, because... I consider it relevant, because intensive development of the tourism industry is beginning in Russia, because the country has all the necessary prerequisites, namely: recreational resources, qualified labor resources, a large number of cultural and architectural monuments of World Heritage - for example: the city of St. Petersburg. International tourism is playing an increasingly prominent role in the global economy. Accommodation is the most important element of the tourism industry. A tourist is considered a visitor who has received a hotel room with a bed. Since the state is currently pursuing a policy to improve the quality of tourism services, this is expressed in the reconstruction of hotels built in the 50-60s, new ones are being built, a network of educational institutions is developing that prepare qualified labor resources for the tourism industry, and work is underway on advertising.

1 Characteristics of accommodation facilities

1.1 History of the development of accommodation facilities in Russia

Development of tourism in 1970-1990 occurred in accordance with plans, the implementation of which was mandatory. They were developed for long periods (5-10 years) and approved by the highest tourism authorities. The standard indicators of the plans, which were taken as the basis for the development of the tourism industry and services, were subject to strict control.

Tourism was used as a means of educational influence on the younger generation. Thus, in the 1970s, all-Union hikes and expeditions of schoolchildren and youth were carried out. The goals of such mass tourist enterprises were to instill patriotism, excursion and local history work, sports training and hardening.

Since that time, new forms of recreation began to be introduced: some tourist centers began to accept parents with children. The range of tourism services in tourism enterprises has increased.

The Central Council for Tourism and Excursions (as it began to be called in 1969) opened the Central Tourist Advanced Training Courses for tourist and excursion workers and the Central Advertising and Information Bureau "Tourist", which issued methodological literature on tourism and excursion business. Great attention was paid to the improvement of existing tourist hotels, bases, and campsites.

The tourism and excursion business has turned into large industry services to the population has become firmly established in the life of Soviet people. Routes for parents with children were developed, transport trips were organized: motor ships (river and sea), railway and air.

In October 1980, in the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions “On the further development and improvement of the tourist and excursion business in the country” the following tasks were defined:

Creation of comfortable year-round tourist institutions;

Expanding the volume of tourism services to citizens, since their growing needs were not fully satisfied;

Creation of a tourism industry, improving the quality of service;

Improving the types and forms of services provided.

In long-term construction plans, preference was given to large tourist complexes, including hotels, tourist centers, campsites, shelters, and enterprises Catering, shops selling souvenirs, resort and sporting goods.

An important area of ​​activity of tourist organizations in the early 1980s was the research and study of tourist and excursion opportunities of territories, regions, republics and the development of promising schemes for the development of tourism in individual regions.

In the period 1980-1992 the material and technical base of medical and health tourism gradually grew, new hotel complexes In large cities of the country (Izmailovo and Salyut in Moscow, Tourist in Pskov, Velingrad in Kislovodsk, etc.), new types of services have become widespread - family vacations and course treatment. During the course of treatment, vacationers lived in apartments and houses in the private sector, and received a course of treatment and recovery in a sanatorium. Recreational services were well developed on the basis of sanatoriums and holiday homes.

1.2. The concept of accommodation facilities

Accommodation facilities are premises with at least 5 rooms and used by organizations of various organizational and legal forms and individual entrepreneurs for temporary accommodation of tourists; room in an accommodation facility - one or more rooms with furniture, equipment and supplies necessary for the temporary residence of tourists.

Tourist accommodation facilities - any facility intended for temporary accommodation of tourists (hotel, tourist center, camping ground, etc.).

In world practice, there is no generally accepted definition of “tourist accommodation facility,” however, WTO experts propose to consider as such “any facility that regularly (or occasionally) provides overnight accommodation for tourists.”

Who is a hotel service specialist? The same manager, administrator. In general, his responsibilities are the same as those of managers in restaurants or large shopping centers.

Demand

Payability

Competition

Entry barrier

Prospects

Story

The first mentions of hotels were found in manuscripts dating back to 1700 BC: the famous code of laws of the Babylonian king Hammurabi instructs tavern owners to denounce their guests. The functions of service personnel in ancient hotels were assumed by the owners of these establishments and members of their families. The wealthiest could afford to use the labor of slaves. Until slavery and serfdom were abolished, in all countries of the world, slaves and families of owners of inns, taverns, taverns, etc. worked in hotel services. Sometimes, on leadership positions(speaking modern language, “managers”), hired managers worked. After civilization began to abandon obvious slave labor, the hotel staff was filled with hired workers from among the most disadvantaged sections of the population. Today, working in hotels in large cities, among the same lower strata, is even considered prestigious.

Description, pros and cons

The hotel staff is engaged full service functioning of the hotel - cleaning rooms and other premises, taking orders and delivering food, shopping, assistance with unloading/loading luggage, cooking, cleaning clothes and much more. A hotel service specialist monitors the work of staff, gives valuable instructions, monitors compliance with internal rules and sanitary and hygienic standards, listens especially dissatisfied customers(if there are any, God forbid), solves the problems they have, if this is within the scope of his competence. Also, the specialist conducts conversations with newcomers, instructs them, and selects the candidates he likes most. In addition, a specialist manager monitors the general mood in the team, resolves internal conflicts, gives advice, develops ways to optimize work, improve conditions and productivity of staff.

1. Leadership position. Experience in management can subsequently be useful in any other job, in any area of ​​business.
2. good wage. Hotel service specialists do not often receive tips, but the salary is several times higher than that of maids and doormen.
3. Perspective. A hotel service specialist is a very good start for a career. A year or two of successful work and you are guaranteed a promotion.

1. Nervous work. A hotel is a large organism, each member of the staff is a person and is prone to making mistakes or giving free rein to emotions. In addition, among the guests there are often boors, brawlers and drunkards. Dealing with their antics and resolving possible conflicts, controlling order - all this takes a lot of energy.
2. Often, long working hours. Often - no days off. Even when you are on vacation, at one in the morning you may receive a call from a frightened rookie doorman on duty who does not know what is where and what to do in the current situation. To prevent the problems from worsening, you, “reluctantly,” will have to consult him by telephone.

Education

Abroad, for example in Poland, there are even academies of hotel business (WSHiG). There are also educational institutions in the Russian Federation where you can master this profession. The specialty may be called “Hotel Business Management” or “Hotel Service”. You can get it both at trade universities and at specialized colleges, such as the Tyumen College of Economics, Management and Law.

Examples of universities:

1. RGTEU;
2. RSUH;

Responsibilities of a specialist

1. Organize services for consumers of services with maximum efficiency.
2. Participate in solving strategic and organizational problems.
3. Create the most comfortable conditions stay at the hotel.
4. Consult consumers of hotel services, monitor the quality of service provision.
5. Control the placement of consumers.
6. Manage the emotional atmosphere in the team.
7. Consider complaints and take all measures to satisfy them.
8. Monitor the work of staff, maintaining cleanliness and order in the complex.
9. Monitor compliance with labor safety regulations.
10. Be able to use modern office equipment, the latest software and communication tools.
11. Use in professional activity leading information technologies.
12. Know everything about regulatory documentation and legislative acts regulating hotel services.
13. Have a detailed understanding of service activities and the nuances of staff work.
14. Keep statistics, study statistical data, make suggestions to improve the service.

Career and salary

This profession is suitable for pragmatic people prone to rational thinking and possessing leadership qualities.

Finding a job is not so simple. This specialty was widely popular among applicants, in last years. Therefore, there are many inexperienced graduates. In the labor market in this segment, supply significantly exceeds demand. However, if you initially agree to a lower position, there is a chance that having gained some experience, having studied this “kitchen” from the inside and at the same time, constantly replenishing your specialized knowledge, you will receive a referral to advanced training courses, and after that, you will get a promotion.

The salary of a hotel service specialist in Moscow starts from 25,000 rubles/month.

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