Layout of the workplace of the director of a small enterprise. Course work organization of the manager’s workplace. The manager's workplace and its rational organization

Organization of the workplace is a system of measures to equip the manager’s workplace with means of labor and their functional placement.

Proper organization The workplace not only allows you to create comfortable working conditions, which in itself is important, but also helps to increase the efficiency and quality of the manager’s work.

Rational organization of a manager’s workplace presupposes:

Compliance with sanitary and hygienic conditions;

Optimal layout of the work space and equipping it with furniture, various auxiliary devices and fixtures;

Optimal color scheme and design of the workroom;

Equipping with modern technical means.

Sanitary and hygienic standards require ensuring the cleanliness of the workplace in the manager’s office, its illumination and maintaining optimal climatic conditions there.

Maintaining a clean workplace makes it attractive, improves the manager’s mood and thereby increases his productivity.

Creating optimal climatic conditions in the manager’s workplace involves ensuring an influx fresh air, optimal temperature regime and air humidity levels. Doctors have calculated that sedentary work requires an influx of fresh air of about 30 m 3 /h. Lack of fresh air leads to premature fatigue. Therefore, the manager’s workplace, as a rule, is equipped with ventilation and/or air conditioning units. Landscaping in the office space has a good effect on the composition of the air. Plants enrich the air with oxygen and, in addition, reduce nervous and visual fatigue and perform a decorative function.

In accordance with current standards, the temperature in the service room should be within 18-20 ° C, the relative humidity within winter period- from 45 to 50%, and in summer - from 50 to 55%. High room temperature causes drowsiness, relaxation, and reduces performance. At low temperatures, part of the energy produced by the body is spent fighting the cold, which reduces concentration on the tasks at hand.

The most important factor, affecting performance is the lighting of the workplace. The room (if possible) should have natural light. When daylight is too bright, blinds should be used. The light should fall on the working surface of the table from the left side or from the front. The best effect of artificial lighting is achieved by a combination of general (lights installed on the ceiling) and local lighting(table lamps).

An important condition for the rational organization of a manager’s workplace is the design and color scheme of the office space. This is important both from the point of view of influencing the manager’s performance and from the point of view of creating his business image. Workplace the head, as a rule, is designed in a strict classical style. When creating a color scheme for a workroom, it is necessary to take into account the influence of a particular color scheme on a person’s vision and nervous system. A color interior, influencing the human psyche, can evoke a variety of feelings - from depression, alertness to lightness and uplift. For example, light blue tones appear cool; green color is considered optimal, it has a beneficial effect on vision and has a calming effect; red color has a stimulating effect; shades of yellow and orange are emotionally warming.

The layout of the manager's workspace involves

allocation of three zones:

1) personal work;

2) collegial activities;

3) relaxation and friendly communication.

The personal work area is located in the most illuminated part of the office. It is equipped with a work desk, an armchair, an extension table for placing the necessary information and technical equipment, a table and chairs for visitors.

The collegial activity area is formed and equipped based on the requirements of operational and other meetings held by the manager in his office. It is equipped with a conference table and chairs (armchairs) taking into account the maximum number of participants in such meetings. When holding a meeting, participants must be provided with pens, pencils, and sheets of blank paper. It is also recommended to have water and glasses.

The area for relaxation and friendly communication is usually located in a room adjacent to the main office. It is equipped with a coffee table, sofa, armchairs, and is provided with soft drinks. When decorating this room, deviations from the strict classical style are allowed: everything here should be conducive to a friendly, informal atmosphere of communication.

The desktop is the main workplace of the manager. Since the manager has to work with a large number of documents, his desk must be comfortable and spacious. Directly on the surface of the desktop there should be only items of constant necessity: a table lamp, a calendar-diary, an organizer, a set of stationery, a notepad for notes, folders for incoming and outgoing documents. It is recommended to place unexecuted documents on the left side of the table, and executed ones on the right. All other current documents with which the manager works during the day are located on multi-tiered trays that are within arm's length so that they can be taken without getting up, and each of them must lie in a strictly designated place. The disorderly arrangement of documents causes loss of time associated with their search and reduces the possibility of concentrated work to complete the tasks facing the manager. Documents not required for daily work, reference materials, normative and legislative literature are located in document cabinets and desk drawers. Confidential documents and materials are stored in a safe.

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Plan

Introduction

1. NOTE of the leader

2. The manager’s workplace and its rational organization

3. Equipping with technical means for processing, recording and storing information

4. Requirements for organizing the manager’s workplace

5. Conducting meetings at the manager’s workplace

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

The manager's workplace is " think tank» company and often sets the design style for the entire office. The manager's office is perhaps the most unusual and multifunctional space in the office. This room cannot be classified as either an internal or external zone.

In addition to the main one (the manager’s workplace), the office also performs a representative function, serves as a venue for business meetings, negotiations and conferences, is used for recreation and even as a museum of the “military glory” of the company or its owner. In this state of affairs, organizing space and equipping the director’s office is a non-trivial and purely creative task. And not only for manufacturers, furniture suppliers, architects, designers, but also for the heads of companies themselves. However, there are general principles, which help make the manager’s work effective and his office truly comfortable and functional.

The purpose of the essay is to consider the features of organizing a manager’s workplace.

1 . NOTE of the head

Scientific organization of labor (SLO) is one of the areas of activity of the manager. NOT implies the use modern technologies, methods and techniques of labor organization that ensure the effective work of a manager.

Main elements scientific organization labor are:

·Rationalization of execution individual species works and operations that ensure an increase in the manager’s labor productivity;

· reduction of direct loss of time;

· planning and control of the use of temporary resources;

· redistribution and delegation of work.

Rationalization of a manager’s work includes:

· organization of the workplace;

· optimization of the use of working time.

The issue of increasing labor productivity sooner or later arises before every manager. Thanks to the scientific organization of labor, productivity can be increased several times without significant financial investments. Optimizing the work space, issues of division and cooperation of labor, interaction between departments and employees, reducing unproductive losses of working time, rationing labor and optimizing the number of employees - these and other measures will enable the company to become more efficient.

In the field of scientific organization of labor, the manager solves the following tasks: standardization of labor; calculation of the number of personnel; assessment of the efficiency of labor organization and use of working time; development and implementation of measures to improve labor organization and labor processes.

2. The manager's workplace and its rational organization

If we consider the manager’s workplace, we can say that this is his office in which he does most of his work. How the manager will work depends on what kind of office it will be. It is quite obvious that the better the workplace is adapted to perform the functions of a manager, the more productive and efficient the manager’s work will be (See Fig. 1)

The manager's workplace is a separate part of the enterprise premises, equipped in accordance with the nature of the functions performed necessary means labor. The rational organization of the manager’s workplace includes:

· selection of necessary labor tools;

· their rational placement;

· ensuring working conditions that contribute to maintaining the manager’s performance and preventing harm to his health.

The size of the area and equipment of the manager’s office depend on the number of participants in meetings or meetings held in the manager’s office, on the number of simultaneously arriving visitors, the nomenclature and volume of cases and documents, various technical means and working materials, tables, i.e. The layout of the manager's office may vary depending on the nature and volume of work. Several standard workplaces have been developed for various categories managers, and these projects should be familiarized with when deciding on a workplace issue.

When considering the issue of workplace organization, the following points must be taken into account:

1. Internal volume and shape of the cabinet.

Depending on the rank of the manager, the acceptable area will be from 20 to 50 m2 and the height of the office is at least 3.5 m. It is also of great importance, since the manager’s office is not just the place where he directly works, but also, as a rule, the place where planning meetings are held , meetings. Taking this into account, the most rational is a rectangular cabinet shape with an aspect ratio of 1:2.

2. Furniture.

The following points need to be taken into account here:

· anthropometric indicators (height, body length, arm length, etc.);

· ensuring a comfortable position of the human body, which creates conditions for less fatigue, good visual perception, freedom of movement and more;

· rational planning and arrangement of furniture;

· furniture should look aesthetically pleasing.

3. Equipment.

For normal work, a manager must have:

· stationery;

· two telephones (one telephone must be internal (meaning a telephone for communication within the organization), and the other for going outside the organization.

· computer.

· diary.

4. Color design of the office.

Color tones should not be harsh, soft. It is better to choose colors from light tones (pale green, yellow, beige); light colors not only help reduce fatigue, but also increase the volume of the office. It is also important that all surfaces are matte, because... Shiny surfaces are harmful to health.

Fig.1. An example of organizing a manager's workplace

3. Equipping with technical means of processing, recording and storing information

The equipment of the manager’s workplace as a whole is important. This is a table of modular design, a movable chair, a device for reading microfilms (on the table), a built-in voice recorder, a telephone, and an intercom.

Nowadays, it is impossible to imagine the normal work of a manager without a computer. Firstly, a computer allows you to make work virtually paperless, secondly, with the help of a computer you can quickly obtain information about the state of affairs on the market, thirdly, it allows you to keep abreast of affairs in the enterprise and much more. But here it is necessary to take into account that you can fully take advantage of the computer’s capabilities only if you have a good software, access to external computer networks and, most importantly, the presence of a computer network within the organization.

Modern types of executive workplaces are often equipped with terminals. The most important element of the terminal device - the display (screen remote control) opens up wide opportunities for the manager to collaboration from PC. The display allows you to see forms on the screen at the right time that characterize the progress of production processes, indicators of finished products and the activities of the enterprise as a whole. Such displays are complemented by traditional technical means of communication with enterprise departments.

In the work of a manager, various means of calling are also used, which mainly ensure ongoing communication between the manager and his deputies, assistants, etc. Various loudspeaker installations are a convenient means of transmitting oral information. Effective communication in an institution is ensured by special public address systems, where it is possible to connect any two subscribers who have devices with a dialing keyboard.

Modern types of telephone and speakerphone communications make it possible to conduct circular office meetings, carry out selective and general disconnections of subscribers, transfer to waiting, etc.

The manager very often has to use the telephone, and often several devices at once. You can speed up communication by using a device with automatic dialing, such as “Auto dial” or “Eletap”. The first provides the ability to encode 24 seven-digit numbers most often called by the manager; the second allows you to do this for 60 numbers. The desired subscriber is called by pressing one of 24 (60) buttons. Some managers require radio communications. Radio communication can be installed both in the office and in the car. Certain categories of management employees may always have portable radio communications equipment with them at work. It is important that managers know how to correctly select and use the appropriate type of communication from a variety of different devices.

To store information, the manager can use punched cards, various cards, forms, log books, and notepads. Simple means of storing information also include various kinds of folders, albums, envelopes, boxes, cases and stands. Card indexes should be used to store and organize more extensive information. Currently, more than 25 designs of filing cabinets have been developed: flat, vertical, rotating. It is necessary to strive to ensure that all these storage media as a whole take up as little space as possible and that the necessary data can be easily found in them.

A rational way to store materials is the hanging method, in which documents are placed in folders with indicators and suspended on guide rails. The main advantage of the hanging storage method is that it saves space and makes it easy to find and retrieve. the required document on the indicator spine attached to the folder. Moreover, some indicators may correspond not only to the details of documents, but also to the timing of their execution, importance and other signs by which the manager can clearly imagine the evidence of the execution of a particular document. Documents stored in this way take up 40% less space and save at least about 50% of the time spent on arranging materials with the traditional horizontal method of document storage.

4. Trequirements for organizing a manager's workplace

The working conditions of a manager are determined mainly by:

· area of the room;

· sanitary conditions;

standard of illumination; room temperature;

· humidity level;

· noise level;

· design and color scheme of the room.

Table 1 shows the most general requirements for organizing a manager’s workplace, taking into account SNiP standards.

Table 1. Requirements for organizing a manager’s workplace, taking into account SNiP standards

INDICATORS	REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
1. spatial layout of the workplace	According to SNiP for office premises
1.1. office area	20-50 sq. meth
1.2. cabinet shape	Rectangle with aspect ratio 1:1.5; 12
1.3. Ceiling height
1.4. ratio of floor area to windows	1:10 for office premises, window area = 2.4 sq.m.
2. sanitary requirements
2.1.average air temperature (C°)	In the warm period - 22-25, in the cold 18-22
2.2. air exchange rate	Inflow - 1.5, exhaust - 1.5
2.3. Relative humidity (%)	No more than 75 in winter, no more than 55 in summer
2.4. Noise level
2.5. Air speed (m/s)
2.6. artificial lighting	200 lux (lux) for small lamps, 75 lux for incandescent lamps
3. office furniture
3.1. Desktop	Height with average height - 720 mm, with tall height - 750 mm
3.2. computer table
3.3. auxiliary table	To install communications
3.4. executive chair	Selected in accordance with the anthropometric data of the manager
3.5. armchairs and chairs for visitors
3.6. meeting table
3.7. filing cabinets	Special
4. office equipment	In accordance with regulatory and technical documents
4.1. computer
4.2. voice recording equipment
4.3. document processing tools
4.4. Printer
4.5. copying equipment
4.6. paper shredder
4.7. computing tools	Calculator
5. Communication facilities and information systems
5.1.multifunctional phone
5.2. intercom device
5.3.telefax
5.4. radiotelephone
5.5. software
6. inventory
6.1.paper basket
6.2. table lamp

7. means of psychological relief	In accordance with technical documentation
7.1.cabinet simulator for physical exercises
7.2. functional music
7.3. radio, TV

It should be noted that to reduce noise you can use: carpeting on the floor, double doors, soundproofing upholstery and more. To maintain a normal microclimate, air conditioners and radiant heat sources are used. To reduce sunlight, you can hang blinds on the windows.

5. Conducting meetings at the manager's workplace

Business meetings can be held:

· at the table for conferences and meetings. This will put the manager and the visitor in the same conditions, that is, it will be psychologically easier for the interlocutor. This method is best used when the visitor’s reception is official, but the manager wants to better establish interpersonal contact;

· at your desk. It is best not to receive visitors at your desk at all, because... it may contain important documents that a visitor may see for a number of other reasons. It is better for him to accept guilty workers. When the manager sits at his desk and the employee is in front, it is much more difficult psychologically for the employee, and sometimes this alone is enough for the employee to understand his guilt without criticizing him.

It is better to hold non-formal receptions in the “relaxation area”. Sitting comfortably on a sofa or in an armchair will make it easier for the leader and interlocutor to relax and establish good interpersonal contact. A visitor who comes to have a personal and intimate conversation with the manager will feel much more confident in such an environment than in an official one.

Zconclusion

The modern office of the head of a company or company is a specific room in which the process of making responsible decisions takes place.

The furnishings of the office should be thought out to the smallest detail in order, firstly, to make the manager’s workplace as comfortable as possible, secondly, to help strengthen the company’s image among partners and competitors, thirdly, this is not a space of personal taste, the furnishings of the office should concentrate as much as possible on yourself the corporate style of the company.

So, the furnishings of the main office office should emphasize the main advantages of the company, there should be nothing superfluous and nothing should be missed, because the interior should help to position clients and partners for long-term and promising cooperation, and most importantly, create a comfortable atmosphere that will help you think through and bring to life interesting and important projects companies.

Bibliography

1. Meskon M.Kh., Albert M., Khedouri F. Fundamentals of management: Trans. from English - M.: Delo, 1995. - 704 p.

2. Smirnov E.L. Reference manual for NOTES. - 2nd ed., add. and processed - M.: Economics, 1981. - 408 p.

3. Shipunov V.G., Kishkel E.N. Basics management activities: Textbook. for medium specialist. textbook establishments. - M.: Higher. school, 2006. - 271 pp.; ill.

Requirements for organizing a manager's workplace

The working conditions of a manager are determined mainly by:

· area of the room;

· sanitary conditions;

standard of illumination; room temperature;

· humidity level;

· noise level;

· design and color scheme of the room.

Table 1 shows the most general requirements for organizing a manager’s workplace, taking into account SNiP standards.

Table 1. Requirements for organizing a manager’s workplace, taking into account SNiP standards

INDICATORS	REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
1. spatial layout of the workplace	According to SNiP for office premises
1.1. office area	20-50 sq. meth
1.2. cabinet shape	Rectangle with aspect ratio 1:1.5; 12
1.3. Ceiling height
1.4. ratio of floor area to windows	1:10 for office premises, window area = 2.4 sq.m.
2. sanitary requirements
2.1.average air temperature (C°)	In the warm period - 22-25, in the cold 18-22
2.2. air exchange rate	Inflow - 1.5, exhaust - 1.5
2.3. Relative humidity (%)	No more than 75 in winter, no more than 55 in summer
2.4. Noise level
2.5. Air speed (m/s)
2.6. artificial lighting	200 lux (lux) for small lamps, 75 lux for incandescent lamps
3. office furniture
3.1. Desktop	Height with average height - 720 mm, with tall height - 750 mm
3.2. computer table
3.3. auxiliary table	To install communications
3.4. executive chair	Selected in accordance with the anthropometric data of the manager
3.5. armchairs and chairs for visitors
3.6. meeting table
3.7. filing cabinets	Special
4. office equipment	In accordance with regulatory and technical documents
4.1. computer
4.2. voice recording equipment
4.3. document processing tools
4.4. Printer
4.5. copying equipment
4.6. paper shredder
4.7. computing tools	Calculator
5. Communication facilities and information systems
5.1.multifunctional phone
5.2. intercom device
5.3.telefax
5.4. radiotelephone
5.5. software
6. inventory
6.1.paper basket
6.2. table lamp

7. means of psychological relief	In accordance with technical documentation
7.1.cabinet simulator for physical exercises
7.2. functional music
7.3. radio, TV

To put it briefly, a workplace is an open or closed area of territory or space, equipped with the necessary production means, within which the employee is engaged in work activities. It can also be assigned to a group of employees. Typically, a certain part of the general production cycle is carried out at the workplace.

It is logical that in order to achieve high labor productivity, it is necessary to provide conditions under which his performance will be the highest.

Important! The employer should adapt workplaces, taking into account not only the specific type of activity and qualifications, but also the individual physical and psychological characteristics of each employee.

General requirements for workplace organization

These requirements are regulated by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Standards (SanPiN) and other legal documents.

The main goal of organizing a workplace is to ensure high-quality and efficient performance of work in compliance with established deadlines and with full use of the equipment assigned to the employee.

To achieve this, organizational, technical, ergonomic, sanitary, hygienic and economic requirements are imposed on the workplace.

What requirements must an employee’s workplace meet?

Occupational safety is a primary requirement!

The most important requirement when organizing a workplace is to ensure safe comfortable conditions for work, preventing the occurrence of occupational diseases and accidents. This entire set of measures is called occupational safety and health.

In other words, labor protection, in essence, is a system of legislative acts in conjunction with socio-economic, organizational, technical, hygienic and therapeutic measures and means that ensure safe conditions work and maintaining the health of enterprise employees.

To do this, it is necessary to create favorable working conditions in accordance with sanitary standards, safety regulations, ergonomics, and aesthetics.

Indoor microclimate

The legislation of our country strictly regulates the temperature and humidity of indoor air. In particular, when the average daily temperature outside is below 10°C, the amplitude of its fluctuations indoors should be 22-24°C. At a temperature external environment more than the specified value - 23-25°C. In case of temporary non-compliance with these conditions in one direction or another, the length of the working day is reduced (SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 dated June 21, 2016 No. 81).

Protection from the harmful effects of computer technology

Since today it is impossible to imagine office work without a PC, there are standards for employees using computer equipment. For example, when working with a computer with a flat-panel monitor, the workplace must have an area of at least 4.5 square meters. m, when using a kinescope monitor - 6 sq.m. After each hour of operation, the room must be ventilated (SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03 dated May 30, 2003). Same normative act the height, width and depth for the feet under the desk are regulated, and the mandatory presence of a footrest with a corrugated surface is stipulated.

The level of electrostatic and electromagnetic fields, radiation and ultraviolet radiation, radio frequency ranges and other factors harmful to the health of employees are also regulated.

Attention! The use of copiers, printers and other office equipment is prohibited in basements, and for ordinary offices, appropriate standards for the distance between technical equipment have been established (SanPin 2.2.2. 1332-03).

Lighting requirements

Also, the relevant articles of SanPin establish standards for lighting. For example, the illumination in the room should be between 300 and 500 lux. When using artificial lighting, lighting parameters must ensure good visibility of the information displayed on the personal computer screen. For local lighting, lamps installed on work tables or specially equipped panels for vertical installation are recommended (SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.).

Noise requirements

The maximum threshold for noise level is 80 decibels (SanPin 2.2.4. 3359-16).

Regulatory documents provide for the installation of special foundations or shock-absorbing pads under the main noise-producing equipment and other equipment, as well as the use of noise-absorbing materials.

Providing conditions for eating

The procedure for eating at the workplace is regulated by Article 108 Labor Code RF, SNiP 2.09.04-87:

if the number of employees is less than 10 people, a space of at least 6 square meters is required. m, equipped with a dining table;
with up to 29 employees, the required area is twice as large;
if the enterprise employs up to 200 employees, it is obligatory to have a canteen-serving area;
if the number of employees exceeds 200, the canteen must be provided with raw materials or semi-finished products.

Unregulated situations

If situations arise that are not regulated by sanitary and hygienic standards (the roof is leaking, the toilet is faulty, etc.), the employee has the right to refuse work. In this case, the employer is obliged to offer him other employment until the problem is completely eliminated. If such a decision is impossible, according to Article 157 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the employer is obliged to declare downtime with payment of a penalty in the amount of at least 2/3 of the average wages employee.

Of the ergonomic requirements for the workplace, the following should be additionally noted:

Selection of a rational location of the working surface and zone, taking into account the anthropometric data of a particular employee.
Provision of measures to prevent or reduce premature fatigue of an employee, the occurrence of a stressful situation in him, taking into account the physiological, psychophysiological characteristics of a person and his character. By the way, according to psychologists, workers who constantly use electronic computers in their work are much more exposed to stress than their less “advanced” colleagues.
Ensuring speed, safety and ease of maintenance in both normal and emergency operating conditions.

Technical parameters include equipment with innovative technology, devices, laboratory equipment, load-moving mechanisms, etc.

Employer's liability

According to the requirement of Article 209 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the relevant federal executive body establishes the procedure for certification of workplaces in order to determine factors affecting the safety of working conditions in production. For each violation established legislation the employer is responsible.

For the first violation, officials and individual entrepreneurs are warned or subject to a fine of 2,000 to 5,000 rubles. The same for organizations - a warning or a fine in the amount of 50-80 thousand rubles (Article 5.27.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, part 1).

In case of repeated violation, part 5 of this article already provides for more severe penalties:

officials are subject to a fine of 30-40 thousand rubles or disqualification from one to three years;
fine amount for individual entrepreneurs similar, or their activities may be administratively suspended for up to 90 days;
organizations can be fined 100-200 thousand rubles or also be subject to administrative suspension of their activities.

Instead of a conclusion

Based on the state of workplaces at a particular enterprise or office, one can judge not only the level of work organization and production culture in them, but also their solidity and the degree of trust potential and existing clients have in them.

2. Organization of workplaces for office employees

Principles of workplace organization

Workplace – zone labor activity employee, equipped

necessary means to perform official duties.

Workplace organization is a system of measures to equip

workplace means and objects of labor and their functional size

tion, taking into account the anthropometric data of the performer.

Organization of workplaces for office employees consists of ensuring a rational arrangement and layout of office premises, equipping workplaces with the necessary furniture and modern office equipment.

Basic factors in workplace design:

Technology and nature of the work performed;

Relationships in the labor process;

Fire safety and industrial sanitation rules;

Specific requirements of state supervisory authorities for special

social premises and services.

Position as possible closer friend to each other structural subdivisions

with a related nature of work, as well as workplaces of cooperation

those who have the most frequent business contacts with each other;

Departments that, due to the specifics of the work performed, are associated with

reception of third-party visitors: for example, personnel department, administrative department, department

MTO should be located in the lower floors of the building near the entrances;

When placing structural units, take into account the possibility

expansion, installation of additional equipment, as well as organizational

formation of new departments;

When placing a workplace, take into account the standard area on

one person working, correct lighting (natural light

should fall to the left or front), uncluttered space

(unnecessary items for immediate work operations),

free and safe access to places where funds are included in the network

Eliminate distractions and adverse effects of street traffic

irritants, and also, if possible, reduce thermal radiation from heating devices and light radiation from monitor screens, televisions and other audiovisual media;

Choose the shape and dimensions of furniture taking into account anthropometric indicators to ensure a comfortable position for the sitting body when working and create a good visual perception;

. seiso (Sweeping) “keeping clean” (cleaning) – keeping the workplace clean and tidy;

. seiketsu (Standardizing) “standardization” (maintaining order) –

a necessary condition for fulfilling the first three rules;

. shitsuke (Sustaining) “improvement” (habit formation) –

nurturing the habit of strictly following established rules, procedures and technological operations.

Creation of a comfortable psychological climate, stimulation

Increasing the productivity of office employees;

Reducing time and material costs;

Minimizing “idle operations” and labor costs;

Reducing the number of accidents.

Calculation of the area of office premises (according to V.V. Pirozhkov)

IN office space every employee should have the opportunity

free access to your workplace or public equipment

calling. Therefore, when placing workplaces and equipment, take into account

dimensions of aisles and some other distances in service premises.

This is what they can be.

For example, passage width (cm):

for one person – 60;

for two people – 80;

for three people – 100;

between tables – 55–90;

between the wall and the table – 65–85;

between heating appliances and work table – 55.

Can be used to determine the required working area

places in each specific case summary calculation method:

where Total is the entire area of the workplace;

Pr – area required for the employee’s work and movement;

Po – area occupied by equipment;

Ppr – area of passages.

With this calculation method, you can also take into account the required area

for visitors and for equipment used collectively. When using

In the case of the summary method, calculations are carried out in accordance with the standards for individual

elements of the workplace.

The most convenient are rectangular rooms with a 1:1 ratio; 1:1.5 and maximum – 1:2;

minimum room height – 3.25 m;

minimum width – 2.5–3 m.

With two-sided natural lighting, the maximum width (depth) of the premises is 12–15 m, and with one-sided lighting – 6–7 m.

The minimum area per employee workplace (without PC) is 4.25 m2.

Device factors office premises

An office should be both technologically advanced and comfortable, which is achieved not only by correctly calculating the area of employees’ workplaces, but also, above all, through a well-thought-out system for arranging office premises (in particular, their layout and equipment).

The following should be taken into account:

The need of office employees for privacy and concentration;

Types of labor processes used;

The need for meeting and reserve space

Depending on the main specifics of the office, the ratio of these factors

changes: for concentrated work with maximum concentration it is better

a separate office is all that is suitable, and for communication – open in one or another

To take these factors into account when arranging office premises, three types of layouts are used: closed, open and combined.

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Rules for organizing the workplace

Labor productivity will be much higher if management takes into account some rules for the location of employees in the premises. Read how workplaces are organized in an enterprise or office.

Organization of a workplace in the office

General rules for organizing the workplace office employee consist in ensuring the rational arrangement of premises and equipping them with the necessary furniture and office equipment. The following features are taken into account:

the relationship between people in the process of performing work duties;
the nature of the work performed;
fire safety and sanitation requirements.

Advice: In order for the organization of places to be effective, it is necessary to arrange work related to the type of work structural units closer to each other.

It is important to consider technical features– lighting, standard area per employee, free access to office equipment, etc.

Organization of workplaces in production premises

A workplace in production is an area assigned to one or more workers, which is equipped with all the necessary technological, auxiliary and other resources to ensure the work process.

Employee's workplace in production premises consists of several elements:

production area;
equipment;
storage places for workpieces, materials, products;
waste disposal area;
a place to store devices and tools necessary for work;
devices to ensure the safety of the work process and sanitary requirements.

The existing unsatisfactory organization and maintenance of workplaces is a common reason for receiving industrial injuries. This issue should be carefully considered to avoid trouble.

Organization of the manager's workplace

The manager's place of work is his office. It must be equipped with the necessary tools, filing cabinets, etc. Everything in the office should be conveniently placed to maintain the manager’s performance.

The area of the office and its furnishings depend on the number of people who regularly come to this room - for meetings, meetings. The layout depends on the specifics of the manager’s work, as well as the requirements for his safety.

Requirements for workplace organization. Classification, equipment and safety of workplaces

The workplace is an organizationally indivisible element under specific conditions. production process. It is serviced by one or more people, is designed to carry out various operations, and is equipped with appropriate devices and equipment depending on the specifics of the activity. IN Russian Federation There are certain regulatory requirements for organizing workplaces. Let's take a closer look at them.

Legal aspect

The requirements for organizing the workplace are established in:

Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
Legislative acts of the subjects.
International and state standards.
Employment contract.
Collective agreement.

These acts contain rules, procedures, establish criteria to ensure the preservation of the health and life of people during their professional activity. Compliance with workplace organization requirements is the responsibility of every employer.

Classification

Workplaces are differentiated depending on the degree of automation. In accordance with this criterion, jobs are distinguished:

With a manual method of performing operations.
Using power tools with external drive.
Machine-handmade. In this case, there is a machine/mechanism that operates with the direct participation of an employee.
Machine spaces. On them, the main activity is carried out by the installation, the control of which and auxiliary operations are performed by humans.
Automated places. On them, key operations are carried out by machines, and auxiliary operations are fully or partially mechanized.
Hardware places. They are equipped with special equipment on which production operations are carried out by exposing the object to electrical, physico-chemical or thermal energy.

Organization of the workplace: occupational safety requirements

Areas of professional activity are located outside the zone of movement of mechanisms, containers, goods, and movement of goods. At the same time, convenient monitoring of ongoing processes and management of operations should be ensured. The basic requirements for the organization of workplaces include the requirement to create free space between areas where employees carry out their activities. It is necessary for the free movement of people during operation of the equipment. Occupational safety requirements for the organization of workplaces include the obligation to place them along the technological process. In this case, counter flows should be excluded when moving containers, products, and waste. The path of movement of products should be as short as possible, and employee transitions should be kept to a minimum. General requirements to organize the workplace of a mechanic and other specialists working at the machine, therefore, it is necessary to establish such a state of the areas, as well as the distance between them, so that the free movement of people and vehicles, normal maintenance, repair and cleaning of equipment is ensured.

Position of employees during operations

Requirements for the organization of the workplace include the need to provide sufficient space for the rational placement of additional inventory, containers, and equipment. The area where professional activities are carried out must be convenient for a person. We are also talking about the employee’s postures in which operations are performed. They should not create difficulties for a person. Requirements for the organization of the workplace include provisions for the possibility of performing operations in a sitting position or when alternating standing and sitting positions. This is provided if the activity does not require constant movement. When performing operations in a sitting position, people should be provided with comfortable chairs.

Protection of cashiers from criminal attacks

This is ensured by equipping the premises with emergency lighting and installing a “panic button”. In the process of depositing funds into a banking organization or when transporting them from it, the employer is obliged to provide the employee with security and, if necessary, a car. The cashier and his accompanying persons, as well as the transport driver, are prohibited from:

Disclose the route of travel and the amount of transported funds.
Allow unauthorized persons into the vehicle interior.
Transport cash on public or passing transport, as well as carry them on foot.
Carry out other assignments, be distracted from delivering cash to its destination.

Operations for wet-heat treatment of products

Workplaces for ironers are located in premises intended for receiving, maintaining and preparing goods for sale. Special surfaces are equipped with a shaped removable wooden board. It is covered with cloth on both sides. On the right, at a slight inclination to the surface, a metal stand for the iron is installed on the table. It should have sides on three sides, the height of which is 30-40 mm. They are necessary to prevent the iron from falling. A stand 800 mm high is mounted in the right corner at the top of the surface. It is used to hang the iron cord. The ironing table should also have a device for attaching a fan and a trough to prevent items from hanging onto the floor during processing. In addition, a retractable bracket for hanging the iron, a fan with a hinge, buttons for turning it on/off, and a frame for a piece of fabric, with which you can check the cleanliness of the soleplate of the iron, are installed on the surface. The design of the desktop includes drawers for storing accessories, tools, a cabinet for storing personal belongings, a shelf for special pads, brushes, etc. There must be a dielectric mat on the floor. The workplace is also equipped with a chair with a lift-and-swivel mechanism and a semi-soft seat for short rest.

Warehouse room

The area of the workplace must be at least 6 square meters. m. To ensure normal conditions for the warehouseman to carry out his professional activities, insulated cabins are installed. The workplace can be enclosed by a glazed partition, the height of which is 1.8 m. The storekeeper’s room is located closer to the areas where picking, packing and sending products to the expedition is carried out. The workplace is equipped with a table and a lift-and-swivel chair. The storekeeper must have at his disposal the tools necessary to open the container (pliers, scissors, pliers, knives, etc.). Lamps are installed above the employee’s desk, where he completes documentation, as well as next to the filing cabinets.

Space for picker

The workplace is equipped with appropriate equipment, mechanisms and materials depending on the categories of goods. When picking large-sized products (refrigerators, furniture, etc.), the workplace occupies the entire warehouse area. In this case, operations are carried out using trucks or cargo trolleys equipped with lifting devices. The activities of the picker related to weighing are carried out using scales with a load capacity of 5-2000 kg. A studio must be installed at the workplace. The height of its seat is 400-450 mm, depth is 410-500 mm. In addition, local lighting is installed at the workplace.

Room for an employee servicing a freight elevator

The workplace is located on the platform on the main loading floor. If the duties of the elevator operator include escorting the cargo, then his area of activity extends to the cabin where objects are transported. At the workplace, install a bedside table for storing documentation and a first aid kit, a telephone or other means of communication, a stool, and an internal or external push-button system for controlling sound and light alarms. IN engine room The elevator must contain a dielectric mat and gloves, as well as a safety helmet. The key to this room is given to the elevator operator.

Cleaner's area

The workplace of this employee is located directly near the area he serves. When planning the premises, it is necessary to provide passages for cleaning machines and passages for employees. The workplace is equipped with a cabinet with compartments in which detergents, work clothes, and equipment are placed.

Equipping spaces for VDT and PC users

For employees whose work involves the use of personal electronic computers and video display terminals, work tables are equipped, the height of which is adjustable within the range of 680-800 mm. If there is no corresponding mechanism, the surface is located at a distance of 725 mm from the floor. The height of the legroom is at least 600 mm, the width is at least 500, and the depth at the level of the knees is 450 mm and the outstretched legs are 650 mm. This is where the stand should be installed. Its width is no less than 300, and its depth is 400 mm. The stand should be adjustable in tilt angle up to 20 degrees. and height - up to 150 mm. A side is provided along the front edge, the height of which is 10 mm. The stand must have a corrugated surface. The work cross (chair) of the PC and VDT user is equipped with a lifting and rotating mechanism, and a back and seat adjustable in angle and height. Changing parameters should be easy. All mechanisms operate independently and reliably fix the selected position of the elements. The surface of the back, seat and other parts with which the employee is in direct contact must have a semi-soft, non-electrifying, non-slip, breathable coating that allows for easy cleaning from dirt. The monitor should be located at a distance of 600-700 mm from the employee’s eyes, taking into account the size of alphanumeric characters and signs.

Personal management is the consistent and purposeful application of proven work methods in everyday practice with the aim of optimal use of time, one’s own capabilities and conscious management of one’s activities.

Obvious advantages of personal management:

load reduction,

reducing the number of possible errors,

reducing the cost of time and effort when performing work,

reduction in stress,

getting more satisfaction from work,

achieving professional and life goals in the shortest possible way.

Organization of the workplace is a system of measures to equip the workplace with means and objects of labor and their functional placement.

Proper organization of the workplace involves:

compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards, including maintaining constant optimal temperature in the office space, absence of noise and proper illumination of the workplace;

color composition of the workroom;

correct layout, furnishing, various auxiliary devices and office supplies;

equipment with technical means.

According to medical reports, sedentary work requires an influx of fresh air of about 30 cubic meters per hour (the use of air conditioners and ventilation units is permitted). The presence of green plants is beneficial, not only improving the air, but also reducing visual and nervous fatigue. It is not recommended to place flowers on window sills and cabinets. You should also not smoke in the workplace. The current temperature standards are 18-20C, relative air humidity in winter is from 45 to 50%, in summer - from 50 to 55%. High room temperature causes drowsiness, fatigue, and reduces performance. At low temperatures, part of a person’s energy is spent on maintaining body temperature, therefore, performance decreases.

The color composition of the workroom should help reduce fatigue and maintain a person’s cheerful mood. The creation of a specific color climate for a work space is based on a scientifically established pattern, which manifests itself in the influence of color environment on human vision and nervous system.

Color significantly influences a person’s psycho-intellectual state, appealing to feelings rather than to a person’s logic. There is a certain relationship between the color scheme of an object and a person’s natural perception, and any color, to one degree or another, evokes subconscious associations and very specific emotions. You may or may not like a color, but the nature of its influence, the specifics of its impact on the psyche remain unchanged, regardless of the state of the body at the time of influence. If we summarize the numerous data that are quite similar to each other regarding the correlation of the color palette with the emotional state and other parameters of the body’s vital activity, recognized by experts in the field of comprehensive research into the nature of color, we obtain the following integral picture.

In many ways, choosing a successful visual image depends on coordinated and precisely calculated color matching.

The psychophysiological impact of color depends not only on illumination (colors look different at different times of the day), greater or lesser saturation or size of the color spot, but also on the distance and direction of color exposure. Color located vertically is perceived as light, diagonally - dynamic, and horizontally - stable.

Rooms painted in light colors appear wider, creating a visual impression of large volume. Rational color design of the manager's office reduces stress, increases labor productivity at the lowest cost of artificial lighting. The decorative design of the workplace (curtains, flowers, lamps, furniture arrangement) is of great importance.

Organizing a manager's workplace includes choosing the right layout, using such service systems, communications and working conditions that ensure:

convenience, speed and high quality performing management functions;

continuity of communication and regularity of receipt of necessary and reliable information;

rational use of working time;

comfortable working conditions, and as a result - high performance and managerial productivity.

A separate room is allocated for the manager’s workplace, which should contain three zones: personal work, collegial activities and friendly communication.

The personal work area is located in the most illuminated part of the office and is equipped with a work desk, an extension table, a work chair, a table and chairs for visitors, and modern organizational and technical equipment. The work desk should be comfortable and roomy (the manager works with big amount documents). There should be no folders, documents or other items on the table that are not needed to complete the work. It is recommended to place unexecuted documents on the left side of the table, and executed ones on the right. On the table should only be items necessary for operational work(lamp, weekly calendar, writing instruments, notepad for writing). Current documents with which work is carried out during the day are laid out on multi-tiered trays. Everything that is constantly required during work should be within arm's reach. Each item must be in its designated place.

The collegial activity area is equipped taking into account the requirements for organizing deliberative work with people. It is equipped with a special table, chairs and armchairs. Also needed: pencils, pens, sheets of clean paper, water and glasses. Technology may be used.

The friendly communication area is equipped with a coffee table, 2-3 armchairs and is provided with soft drinks. The zone is located away from the other two zones. Its design is intended to predispose to a friendly, informal atmosphere of communication.

The manager's workplace must be equipped with communications and automated system information (switchboard, telephones, intercom, computer, etc.).

Therefore, the physical condition and, of course, the productivity of employees there depend on what furniture modern companies choose for their office.

According to medical specialists, the most “harmful” furniture for employees is chairs and armchairs, since the musculoskeletal system suffers from a sitting, most often incorrect, body position for a long time. When choosing an office chair or armchair, it is important to consider the ability to adjust the seat height for people of different heights and builds. A chair or armchair must be equipped with strong armrests and a backrest (sometimes with a headrest). The ideal option for workers is furniture that imitates the position of a “sliding person”; in this case, the back should be movable, lean back, and the seat should move forward. The optimal angle between the seat and the back of the chair - a little more than 90 degrees - allows the worker to sometimes lean back. The backrest is not only support for the back, it also distributes the load and weight, making it possible to sit “dynamically”, changing position. Therefore, it is good when an employee’s chair or chair has a back, the height of which can be adjusted.

Particular attention should be paid to the armrests. Their main function-- Reduce fatigue in the shoulders, neck and upper torso, and support the forearms. Armrests help a person sit down and get up from a chair, but if they are uncomfortable and create discomfort, they lose their practicality. The armrests should lightly touch the bottom of your elbows when they are at right angles to the back of the chair. The purpose of the armrests is not to raise the worker's elbows, and if they are in the way, it is better to remove them.

An office chair (or armchair) must be functional, and therefore it does not interfere with wheels and hinges, which allow free movement around the room, give the employee more “mobility”, but at the same time they should not reduce his stability.

The edge of the seat is no less important - it must have a soft and rounded shape at the bottom, which does not interfere with blood circulation in the legs. The best chair or armchair for an office is one that can be adjusted in seat height within 40-55 cm, in seat angle - up to 15° forward and up to 5° back, in back angle - within 30° from straight position, as well as by the distance of the backrest from the front edge of the seat - within 35-50 cm. Optimal requirements for armrests (it is desirable that they be removable and not stationary): length - at least 25 cm, width 5-7 cm, height adjustment above the seat - from 23 to 26 cm and internal distance between them - from 35 to 50 cm.

To check whether a chair or chair is correctly selected, you need to sit in it and try to take the “correct” position: your hips are at right angles to the body, your knees are at right angles to your hips, your feet are firmly on the floor or on a stand (if a person short), the gap between the front of the chair and the calves is 5 cm. Of course, when selecting optimal options landing, it is necessary to take into account the height of the working surface of the table and computer keyboard.

When choosing a chair or armchair for the office, there is a great chance of falling victim to fashionable design or cheapness to the detriment of the health of employees. It should be borne in mind that Italian manufacturers are the kings of design, and Polish, Chinese and Russian chairs cannot boast of a favorable price-quality ratio. Office chairs and armchairs from German companies are considered the most “harmless” in relation to the consumer.

Exist special requirements and for office tables. Simple rectangular ones are being replaced by triangular, trapezoidal ergonomic shapes with smoothed corners. The optimal shape of a combined desk is a curved corner one with a special cabinet that extends one of the halves intended for writing (the short half is intended for the computer). A table that surrounds the worker on three sides allows for maximum use of the tabletop area.

When choosing an office desk of any shape, you must follow several “golden” rules: the depth of the working surface is at least 60-80 cm, the width is at least 120-160 cm. Best model has the following parameters - area - at least one square meter (there should be enough free space on the table so that it is convenient to work without being interrupted by trifles), and height - about 74 cm.

You can check whether the table height is suitable or not right in the store: when seated, its edge should be at chest level, your legs should be at right angles, and your knees should not touch the inside of the tabletop. The ideal option is when the table has a height-adjustable work surface.

Another important aspect is sustainability. A massive, heavy table reduces vibrations that are harmful to equipment and the human body.

The most common and inexpensive material for office desks is chipboard and other wood boards. When combined with durable coatings, laminate and melamine, this base gives excellent results.

Today, the most popular are glass tables, which create a visual impression of free space and go well with the design of office equipment.

Shelves and cabinets are also used to equip the office, which comprehensively solve the issue of document storage. They are often modular furniture and can be flexibly expanded and modified to maximize office functionality.

The main thing when choosing cabinets and shelving for your office is to take into account their size, because if the filing cabinets are too small, then papers, files and folders gradually accumulate on employees’ desks and interfere with work.

But ideally, such furniture should not clutter up the space, so for the office it is better to choose lightweight structures made of glass, plastic and aluminum.

Additional furniture elements should also be provided, for example, shelves on tables, functional office partitions. Such “little things” help create the feeling of several offices in one, highlight the personal space of each employee, protect the colleague sitting opposite from harmful electromagnetic radiation computer.

The color of furniture in the office can be varied - from black to milky, but it should be remembered that light colors are calming and reduce irritability. The rounded shape of all pieces of furniture also has a good effect on employees. Refusal of sharp edges creates optimal conditions for people to work, and also maintains a spirit of cooperation in the team.

To create a convenient place to place stands and bookshelves, you can place a table against the wall; in open-plan offices, this placement of the table helps to eliminate random clutter and reduces distraction.

It is better to place tables near the window, so that the light falls from the left and not into the eyes, otherwise, cover the windows with thick curtains. Considering all sorts of “furniture aspects”, we must not forget about “ human factor“, since the “right” furniture is not a guarantee of the health and successful work of office employees. During the working day, an employee should have the opportunity to change position more often, get up from the table, walk up the stairs or at least along the corridor. You need to take advantage of every opportunity to walk, warm up, and, if possible, do some mini exercises.

The following requirements are imposed on the manager's workstation:

the presence of distributed databases and information, constantly updated with prompt and reliable information;

the ability to access individual databases and their limited circle of persons, and to individual elements - only the manager;

clarity of presentation of information in a form adapted to the psychological characteristics of the leader;

ensuring prompt information retrieval;

Availability of management decision making software;

ease of operation;

ensuring the accumulation of experience in developing management decisions;

ensuring prompt communication with other sources of information within organizational structure control object.

The manager decides the tasks of personal management together with his secretary.

The manager needs the functions of a calculator, notebook, work calendar, telephone directory and Email. A minimum set of personal management tools is being implemented operating system Windows.

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