I. METAL WORKING

Foundry work

cupola worker

Metal pourer

Liquid iron casting welder

Metal and alloy smelter

Welding work

Metal coating and painting

Repairman employed:

Working with lead

Hydromonitor

Digger

Grader elevator operator

Motor grader operator

Bulldozer driver

MINING WORK

Bomber

Blacksmith-driller

Fastener

Loader operator

Excavator driver

Prospector

Bin cleaner

briquetting

Ore mining

Blacksmith-biter

Dredge sailor, dredge driver

Rocket launch operator

Steam ogtayshchik

Ore agglomeration

Hot sinter pourer

Extraction and processing of peat

Ditcher

Grubber

Washing machine operator

Distillation operator

Extraction operator

Crusher

Briquette press operator

V. DRILLING WELLS

Pipe crimper

Tool joint installer

VI. MINING OF OIL AND GAS

1. FERROUS METALLURGY

Blast furnace production

Top blast furnace

Blast furnace plumber

Blast furnace hearth

Scale car driver

Skipova

Steelmaking

Filling machine operator

Mikserova

Block stuffer

Deoxidizer Melter

Steel pourer

Rolling production

Leaf cutter

Smolovar (pitch cooker)

Pipe production

Pipe calibrator on a press

Pipe blacksmith

Ferroalloy production

Ferroalloy furnace forge

Coke production

Bariljetchik

Door

Smologon

VIII. NON-FERROUS METALLURGY

Melter, calciner

Speckler

Harmful substances affecting the turner

3.1.3. PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS

According to GOST 12.0.003-74 “Dangerous and harmful production factors» psychophysiological hazardous and harmful production factors, according to the nature of their action, are divided into the following:

· Physical overload:

· Static;

· Dynamic;

· Neuropsychic overload:

· Mental stress;

· Overvoltage of analyzers;

· Monotony of work;

· Emotional overload.

Turning work belongs to the category of visual work of very high precision, therefore, a worker in this profession may experience overvoltage of the analyzers, in particular the visual ones.

We will consider psychophysiological factors in more detail in section 3.3 “Characteristics of the intensity of the labor process.”

3.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SEVERITY OF THE LABOR PROCESS

So, out of 10 indicators characterizing the severity of work, 6 belong to class 1; 3 indicators belong to class 2; 1 indicator for class 3.1. Consequently, the final assessment of the severity of the turner’s work process is class 3.1.

3.3. CHARACTERISTICS OF INTENSION IN THE LABOR PROCESS

So, out of 23 indicators characterizing labor intensity, 12 belong to class 1; 7 indicators belong to class 2; 2 indicators for class 3.1 and 2 indicators for class 3.2. Consequently, the final assessment of the severity of the turner’s labor process is class 2.

3.4. FINAL ASSESSMENT OF WORKING CONDITIONS ACCORDING TO THE DEGREE OF HARMFULNESS AND DANGEROUS

An assessment of the working conditions of a turner, taking into account the combined effect of all factors, is carried out on the basis of the results of measurements of individual factors and in accordance with paragraphs. 5.1 – 5.10 (R.2.2.2006-05), which take into account the effects of the summation of all indicators for combined action. The results of assessing harmful factors in the working environment and the labor process are included in Table. 7.

Table 7

Final table for assessing the employee’s working conditions according to the degree of harmfulness and danger

3.5. INJURIES AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

For his successful work, a turner needs hand-eye coordination, good eyesight, an accurate eye, spatial imagination, sustained attention, as well as technical thinking.

Working as a turner is contraindicated for people with visual impairments, disorders of the vestibular system, people suffering from disorders of the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular and nervous systems, people with hypersensitive skin and asthmatics.

The following are considered occupational diseases of turners:

· arthritis,

radiculitis,

· partial loss of vision,

Chronic fatigue

Based on physiological studies, it was found that the degree and depth of workers’ fatigue depends on the quantitative values ​​of the main factors of the labor process. For example, the endurance of the hand muscles to static force by the end of the shift decreases by 10-41% of the readings at the beginning of the shift.

The relationship between the magnitude of the static load and the number of cases of pathological disorders is expressed by the following formula : y=5.8*ln(x) – 43.5, where:

y – number of cases of pathological disorders at the end of the shift;

y = 5.8*ln(13600) – 43.5 = 11.7.

Consequently, 12 out of 100 people will be diagnosed with a pathological disorder at the end of the shift based on static load.

The amount of time a worker spends in an orthostatic position is almost directly related to the incidence of varicose veins in the legs. Regression analysis showed that an increase in the time of “labor orthostasis” by 1% corresponds to an increase in the incidence of varicose veins of the legs by 0.41%: y=0.41*x + 2.1.

y – probability of varicose veins, %.

x is the time workers are in an orthostatic position, % of the shift.

y=0.41*45 + 2.1 = 20.55%

Consequently, the probability of varicose veins with a given load on the musculoskeletal system will be 20.6%. This means that out of 100 people, 21 workers may develop this disease.

3.6. INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION MEANS

According to established standards, the employer is obliged to provide a turner, and the employee is obliged to use work time free protective clothing and personal protective equipment. Let's consider personal protective equipment intended for a turner, as well as their service life in Table 8.

Table 8

What refers to harmful working conditions?

List of industries, professions and jobs with difficult and harmful working conditions in which the use of women’s labor is prohibited

industries, professions and jobs with difficult and harmful working conditions, where the use of women’s labor is prohibited

I. METAL WORKING

Foundry work

cupola worker

Casting beater engaged in manual knocking

Charge loader in cupola furnaces and furnaces, busy loading the charge manually

Metal pourer

Liquid iron casting welder

Chopper working with pneumatic tools

Metal and alloy smelter

Workers engaged in hanging hot castings on a conveyor and servicing and repairing equipment in foundry tunnels

Welding work

Gas welder and electric welder manual welding working in closed containers (cisterns, boilers, etc.), as well as on high-rise communication structures (towers, masts) over 10 meters and steeplejack work

Boiler rooms, cold stamping plants,

drawing and pressing works

Presser doing manual work Boilermaker

Engraver working with hand pneumatic tools

Forging and pressing and thermal works

Bandage worker engaged in hot work

A spring operator engaged in hot work when winding springs from wire with a diameter of over 10 mm

Roller busy rolling out rings while hot

Spring operator at hot metal processing

Metal coating and painting

A sealer engaged in sealing inside caisson tanks

A lead maker constantly engaged in lead plating using the hot method (not galvanic)

Mechanical and metalwork-assembly works

A pneumatic driller performing work with a pneumatic tool that transmits vibration to the worker’s hands

Repairman employed:

— setting up equipment in workshops and departments: hot rolling, pickling, enameling, insulation using organosilicon varnishes, lead coating in cable production;

— hot repairs of selenium and shoeing devices (equipment);

— setting up equipment in workshops and departments for the preparation and use of flint and organic varnishes and varnishes containing 40 percent or more of toluene, xylene;

— repair of equipment in closed fuel warehouses and oil facilities at thermal power plants, as well as repair of equipment in tunnels and heating chambers in heating networks;

— maintenance of water jacket furnaces in the production of non-ferrous metals and alloys;

— adjustment and repair of chill molds in a hot state;

— directly in the shops: milling, lubricating, forming, foundry, pipe-filling, blast-mixing and assembly shops in the production of lead batteries;

— repair of technological equipment at engine testing stations, running on leaded gasoline and located in boxes

Working with lead

Workers engaged in smelting, casting, rolling, drawing and stamping of lead products, as well as lead-plating of cables and soldering of lead-acid batteries

II. CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND REPAIR WORKS

Armature worker engaged in manual installation of frames, manual bending machines and scissors

Asphalt concrete worker (asphalting worker, welder) engaged in manual work

Hydromonitor

Digger

A mason working on laying modular solid sand-lime bricks

Steel roofer

Caisson operator for servicing the lock apparatus (caisson operator-operator), caisson operator for excavation work (caisson operator-miner), caisson operator for plumbing work (caisson operator-fitter), caisson operator for electrical installation work (caisson operator-electrician)

Asphalt dispenser operator, pit driver

Grader elevator operator

Operator of mobile power plants, working at power plants with an internal combustion engine with a capacity of 150 hp. With. and more

Operator of concrete pumping units, operator of mobile bitumen melting units

Driver of single-bucket excavators, operator of rotary excavators (ditch diggers and trenchers)

Asphalt paver operator

Operator of asphalt concrete mixers (mobile)

Motor grader operator

Bulldozer driver

Operator of electric welding mobile units with internal combustion engine

Telecommunications installer - antenna operator busy working at heights

Steel and steel erector reinforced concrete structures when working at heights and steeplejack operations

A refractory worker engaged in hot repairs of furnaces and boiler furnaces

Workers engaged in punching holes (furrows, grooves, etc.) in concrete, reinforced concrete and stone (brick) structures manually and using pneumatic tools

Workers engaged in slab-breaking work, dismantling buildings and structures

Workers engaged in fastening structures and parts using a construction gun

Workers engaged in uprooting stumps

Lead solder (lead solder)

Plumber repairing a sewer network

Carpenter engaged in all types of carpentry work

Industrial reinforced concrete pipes

Pipelayer of industrial brick pipes

III. MINING WORK

Open pit mining and the surface of existing mines and mines under construction, beneficiation, agglomeration, briquetting

General professions of mining and horiocap ital work

Well driller, drilling machine operator, hole driller

Bomber

Fire prevention and extinguishing worker

Delivery of fastening materials to the mine

Blacksmith-driller

Fastener

Loader operator

Machine operator for drilling full-section mine shafts

Excavator driver

Tipper engaged in manual rolling and rolling away of trolleys

Prospector

Handle-signalman engaged in manually feeding trolleys into cages

Waste waste worker working on burning waste heaps

Bin cleaner

Electrical mechanic (mechanic) on duty and for equipment repair, engaged in the maintenance and repair of equipment, mechanisms, water and air lines in mining operations

General enrichment professions, agglomerations,

briquetting

A crusher engaged in crushing hot pitch in the production of alumina

A roaster engaged in the process of roasting raw materials and materials in the production of mercury

Workers and foremen of beneficiation and crushing and screening factories, mines, mines and metallurgical enterprises engaged in crushing, grinding, grinding and blending of ferrous, non-ferrous and rare metal ores, fluorspar and coal, which generate dust containing 10% and more free silica when working manually

Workers employed in lead enrichment shops

Workers and craftsmen engaged in the enrichment of niobium (loparite) ores

Construction of subways, tunnels and underground structures for special purposes

Mining equipment installer

Surface miner

Ore mining

Fuel delivery man by boat (wood melter)

Blacksmith-biter

Dredge sailor, dredge driver

Rocket launch operator

Steam ogtayshchik

Ore agglomeration

Hot sinter pourer

Extraction and processing of peat

Ditcher

Grubber

Operator of a machine for uprooting stumps, operator of a combine harvester for felling timber and placing it in shafts

Machine operator for cutting and loading wood

Washing machine operator

Peat mining machine operator, peat excavator operator

Machine operator for layer-by-layer extraction of sod peat

Peat worker engaged in felling trees, laying peat bricks

Briquetting, production of rock wax (ozokerite)

Distillation operator

Extraction operator

Crusher

Briquette press operator

Mountain wax (ozokerite) pourer

IV. GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION AND TOPOGRAPHIC-GEODETIC WORKS

Bomber at geophysical work

Installer of geodetic signs

Electrical mechanic (mechanic) on duty and in equipment repair, employed in the field

V. DRILLING WELLS

Production and production driller exploratory drilling oil and gas wells

Mechanical Rotary Well Driller, Mechanical Impact Well Driller, Manual Well Driller

Derrick erector, rig-welder, derrick-electrician

Well cementing operator, cementing unit operator, cement-sand mixing unit operator

Pipe crimper

Assistant driller for production and exploration drilling of oil and gas wells (first), assistant driller for production and exploration drilling of oil and gas wells (second), assistant driller for production and exploration drilling of oil and gas wells (third), assistant driller for mechanical rotary drilling wells (first), assistant driller of mechanical rotary well drilling (second), assistant driller of mechanical percussion well drilling (first), assistant driller of mechanical percussion well drilling (second), assistant driller of manual well drilling

Clay mortar preparer engaged in preparing mortar by hand

Repairman repairing drilling equipment

Drilling rig maintenance mechanic directly employed on drilling rigs

Tool joint installer

Electrician for drilling rig maintenance

VI. MINING OF OIL AND GAS

Driller of a floating drilling unit at sea, well workover driller

Lift operator, washing unit operator, mobile steam dewaxing unit operator

Mobile compressor operator

Hydraulic fracturing operator, underground well repair operator

Well chemical treatment operator

Operator preparing wells for major and underground repairs

Assistant driller of a floating drilling unit at sea, assistant driller of a well workover

Workers and engineers constantly engaged in underground oil production

Mechanic for installation and repair of foundations of offshore drilling rigs and racks

A repairman engaged in the installation and maintenance of process equipment and repair of oilfield equipment

An electrician for the repair of electrical equipment and an electrician for the maintenance of electrical equipment engaged in the maintenance and repair of technological equipment

1. FERROUS METALLURGY

Common trades in iron and steel industry

Metal cutter working with pneumatic tools

Ladle worker working with molten metal

Metal heater engaged in work in methodical, chamber furnaces and wells of rolling and pipe production

Blast furnace production

Top blast furnace

Blast furnace plumber

Blast furnace hearth

Scale car driver

Skipova

Steelmaking

Filling machine operator

Mikserova

Block stuffer

Deoxidizer Melter

Open hearth furnace steelmaker's helper, electric furnace steelmaker's helper, direct iron reduction furnace steelmaker's helper, converter steelmaker's helper, electroslag remelting plant steelmaker's helper

Steel pourer

Converter steelmaker, open hearth furnace steelmaker, direct iron reduction furnace steelmaker, electroslag remelting plant steelmaker, electric furnace steelmaker

Rolling production

Hot rolling mill operator

Leaf cutter

Hot rolling mill operator's helper

Presser-stitcher of rail fastenings

Smolovar (pitch cooker)

Fitter-wire worker engaged in long-rolling production

Pipe production

Calibration mill rolling machine, hot pipe rolling mill rolling machine, furnace pipe welding mill rolling machine, cold pipe rolling mill rolling machine, pipe forming mill rolling machine

Pipe drawer employed in non-mechanized mills

Pipe calibrator on a press

Pipe blacksmith

Hot pipe rolling mill assistant, cold pipe rolling mill assistant

Ferroalloy production

Ferroalloy furnace forge

Vanadium pentoxide smelter, ferroalloy smelter

Workers engaged in the production of metal chromium and chromium-containing alloys using the aluminothermic method

Workers engaged in the smelting of silicon alloys in open arc furnaces

Coke production

Bariljetchik

Door

Naphthalene crusher and packer

Workers directly involved in benzene production, hydrotreating and rectification

Smologon

Repairman servicing coke oven batteries

Scrubber-pumper engaged in servicing the phenol unit in the coking products recovery shop

VIII. NON-FERROUS METALLURGY

General professions in non-ferrous metallurgy

A pourer engaged in pouring bottom sections of anodes in the production of aluminum, silumin and silicon

An installer repairing bathtubs, engaged in drilling a recess for a cathode rod in the production of aluminum, silumin and silicon

Melter, calciner

Speckler

Repairman, mechanic for repair of metallurgical and cement equipment, electrician for maintenance of electrical equipment and electrician for repair of electrical equipment, engaged in the maintenance and repair of metallurgical equipment in the main metallurgical shops

A charger working at the furnaces in the production of tin

SOLUTION

In the name Russian Federation

Leninsky District Court of Tambov, consisting of:

presiding judge Fokina T.K.,

under secretary Gorbacheva E.A.,

Having considered in open court civil case No. 2-1624/2010 on the claim of Lidiya Semenovna Leonidova against the State Administration pension fund of the Russian Federation in Tambov on the inclusion of the period of work in the preferential length of service and the appointment of an early retirement pension,

installed:

05/05/2010 Leonidova L.S. applied to the Main Directorate of the Penal Pension Fund of the Russian Federation in Tambov with an application to grant her an early retirement pension due to her employment in jobs with difficult working conditions. However, she was refused, since the defendant did not include the period of work from 02/01/1991 in her preferential length of service. to 11/14/1997 as a galvanizer at the Tambovapparat plant due to the lack of documentary evidence of the nature of the work performed, namely the lack of information about employment in work only on hanging and removing parts.

Leonidova L.S., not agreeing with the defendant’s arguments, filed a lawsuit against the Main Directorate of UPF in Tambov to include the period of work from 02/01/1991. to 11/14/1997 as a galvanizer at the Tambovapparat plant on preferential service, which gives the right to early assignment of an old-age labor pension and assignment of an early labor pension from the date of application for this type of pension - from 05/05/2010.

At the court hearing Leonidova L.S. supported the claims, explaining that she worked as a galvanizer at the Tambovapparat plant from July 27, 1982. to 11/14/1997 However, the defendant did not include the period of her work from 02/01/1991. to 11/14/1997 But her functional responsibilities did not change both during the periods counted by the defendant and those not counted. Her responsibilities included electroplating electrical circuit boards in open baths. The work took place in difficult conditions and was done manually. She cleaned the boards and etched them with acid. The following acids were used: hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric. There was a line of three baths, each with a capacity of 20 liters. The acid was obtained from the warehouse and poured into the baths. In sequential mode, I processed the board and etched it in each of the baths, and washed it with water in between. Then they were hung in drying cabinets. Copper, tin, and lead were applied to the boards. The boards were multilayered and each layer was treated in an acidic environment. The boards were lowered into the bathtubs on special brackets, but sometimes they broke, and everything had to be taken out by lowering them into the bathtub by hand. Worked in rubber gloves special clothing, headdress, mask and shoes. Three work robes were issued per year, since the caustic fumes corroded the fabric of the robes. Worked full time and full time working week, no downtime. She did not have unpaid leave, student leave, or parental leave during this period. Behind harmful conditions Work received milk and lunch at the expense of the employer. Had extra leave.

The representative of the defendant, Kolpakova N.M., did not recognize the claims based on the arguments set out in the decision of the Main Directorate of the Penal Pension Fund of the Russian Federation in Tambov to refuse the early assignment of an old-age pension to Leonidova L.S. from 05/12/2010 No. 168. She asked to dismiss the claim. Objecting to the claim, she explained at the court hearing that the plaintiff’s work with harmful working conditions according to List No. 2 during the disputed period is not documented, since there is no information about the nature of the work performed. In addition, if the plaintiff’s demands are satisfied, she will have the right to a pension only from 05/07/2010. – she reaches the age of 50 years.

Witness FULL NAME2 explained to the court that she worked with the plaintiff in the 8th galvanic shop of the Tambovapparat plant as a foreman of galvanizers, the plaintiff as a galvanizer. The brigade consisted of 22-24 people. They worked in two shifts. We performed manual degreasing and etching of electrical device circuit boards in acid. The baths had a volume of XXX liters. A small 20 liter bath was installed at each workplace for ease of work. After acid baths, the boards were washed manually. There were no automatic closed baths in the workshop. The work was carried out in a room in which the atmosphere was poisoned by acid fumes. The organization provided galvanizers with overalls, rubber aprons, gloves and shoes. Leave was granted more than to workers in other professions. Free lunch and milk were provided.

Witness FULL NAME3 showed to the court that she worked with the plaintiff in the same area in workshop No. 8 of the Tambovapparat plant. Performed work on the manufacture of printed circuit boards. The blanks were cleaned, copper, tin, and lead were applied to them. Etching was carried out in various acids: hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric. Everything happened in manual mode. We worked full time, one week on 1st shift, then on 2nd shift. At the beginning there was a galvanic section of the shop, then it became a completely galvanizing shop. The work took place in hazardous conditions. They worked in special clothes and shoes. The head was protected with a cap or scarf, the face with a mask. We received free food during the working day and milk. Additional days were provided for vacation.

The court, having heard the parties, studied the case materials, and questioned witnesses, considers the claims to be satisfied.

In accordance with clause 2, part 1, article 27 of the Federal Law of December 17, 2001. No. 173-FZ “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation”, early labor pensions are assigned to women upon reaching the age of 50, if they have worked in jobs with difficult working conditions for at least 10 years and have an insurance record of at least 20 years. If these persons have worked in the listed jobs for at least half of the established period and have the required length of insurance experience, a labor pension for women is assigned with a reduction in age provided for in Article 7 of this Federal Law, for one year for every 2 years of such work.

According to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 18, 2002. No. 537, when early assignment of an old-age labor pension to persons employed in jobs with difficult working conditions, List No. 2 of industries, jobs, professions, positions and indicators with harmful and difficult working conditions, approved by Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR dated January 26, 1991 No. 10. At the same time, the time of execution was XXX.01.1992. work provided for in List No. 2 of industries, workshops, professions and positions, work in which gives the right to a state pension on preferential terms and in preferential amounts, approved by a resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated August 22, 1956. No. 1173, is counted toward work experience that gives the right to early assignment of an old-age labor pension, along with the work provided for in the 1991 List.

By virtue of paragraph 1 of Article 67 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation, the court evaluates evidence according to its internal conviction, based on a comprehensive, complete, objective and direct examination of the evidence available in the case.

According to records in work book, Leonidova L.S. 07/27/1982 was hired as a 2nd category galvanizer in workshop No. 8 of the Tambovapparat plant. During the period 02/06/1985 -02/28/1985 worked as a manufacturer of mesh stencils for printed circuits in the same workshop, and from 03/01/1985. transferred by galvanist of the 3rd category of workshop No. 8 in order to bring the names of professions in accordance with the ETKS and the work performed. She worked in this position until her dismissal on November 14, 1997.

According to subparagraph “a”, paragraph 5 of section XV “Metalworking” of List No. 2 of industries, workshops, professions and positions, work in which gives the right to a state pension on preferential terms and in preferential amounts, approved by a resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated 08/22/1956. No. 1173, persons employed in the production of metal coating by electroplating as an electroplater are entitled to a state pension on preferential terms.

Based on List No. 2 of industries, jobs, professions, positions and indicators with harmful and difficult working conditions, employment in which gives the right to an old-age pension on preferential terms, approved by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR dated January 26, 1991. No. 10 galvanizers have the right to early assignment of a labor pension (subsection 5 “Production of metal coating by galvanic method”, section XIV “Metalworking”, position code 2150500a-11629 “Galvanists (except for those employed only in hanging and removing parts, as well as in the automatic mode of closed baths” ).

The profession of “galvanist” was included in the 1969 ETKS list of professions in the production of metal coating by the galvanic method.

Subsequently, in connection with the clarification of the lists of professions, changes and additions were made to the ETKS; in 1986, the profession “galvanist” was renamed the profession “galvanist”. According to the ETKS, approved by the resolution of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation dated November 15, 1999. No. 45 (with amendments and additions), this profession is listed as “galvanizer”.

Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated April 1, 2003. No. 15 established the identity of the professions of workers provided for by the previously valid Lists No. 1 and 2, approved on 08/22/1956, as well as the List approved by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR dated 01/26/1991. No. 10, the names of which, during the preparation of new issues of ETKS, were changed due to their dissonance or unified due to the identity of the nature of work in the profession with other names. For example, in subsection 5 of section XV of List No. 2, approved by a resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of August 22, 1956, a number of worker professions were provided for in the production of metal coating by galvanic method ("oxidizer", "galvanist", "nickel plater", "passivator" ", "chrome plater", etc.), carrying out the galvanic process. Later, due to the identity of the nature of the work, all these professions were unified into one profession “galvanizer”, which is provided for in the ETKS (issue 2) and included in subsection 5 “Production of metal coating by galvanic method” of section XIV “Metalworking”, position 2150500a-11629 , List No. 2, approved by Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 10 dated January 26, 1991.

According to the list of professions ETKS, approved by the resolution of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated November 15, 1999. the name of the profession “galvanizer” is provided.

The court established that Leonidova L.S. in the period from 02/01/1991 to 11/14/1997 worked as a galvanizer at the Tambovapparat plant. Worked full time, no part-time jobs. I was not on unpaid leave, student leave, or parental leave. Performed work on electroplating in open baths of electrical device circuit boards using acids, manually. The automatic mode of closed baths did not work. The work was carried out using special equipment and clothing. Due to her employment in jobs with hazardous working conditions, the plaintiff was given additional days of vacation. On weekdays, she received free food and milk every day. These facts are confirmed by the evidence available in the case: testimony of witnesses interrogated at the court hearing, an entry in the work book, a certificate from the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "OZ Apparat" dated May 20, 2010. No. 15.

Therefore, the court comes to the conclusion that Leonidova L.S. in the period from 02/01/1991 to 11/14/1997 performed work that meets the requirements of List No. 2 of production, work, professions, positions and indicators with harmful and difficult working conditions, approved by Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR No. 10 of January 26, 1991, in the position of a galvanizer (except for those employed only in hanging and removing parts, as well as in the automatic mode of closed baths.The defendant did not provide evidence to the contrary.

In accordance with paragraph 9 of the Resolution of the Plenum of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation No. 25 of December 20, 2005. “On some issues that arose with the courts when considering cases related to the exercise by citizens of the right to labor pensions”, each pension dispute must be resolved by the court based on the specific circumstances of the case established at the court hearing (the nature and specificity, conditions of the work carried out by the plaintiff, performed by him functional responsibilities by position and profession, workload, etc.).

Thus, taking into account the length of service included in the Main Directorate of the UPF of the Russian Federation in Tambov with difficult and harmful working conditions and the controversial period counted as preferential length of service by the court, the length of service of L.S. Leonidova, which gives the right to an early retirement pension in old age, amounted to more than 10 years, therefore, by virtue of Art. 19 Federal Law “on labor pensions in the Russian Federation”, The court considers it is necessary to oblige the defendant to assign the plaintiff an old-age pension from the day she reaches the age of 50, that is, from May 7, 2010.

Guided by Art. Art. 194-198 Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation, court

decided:

Satisfy the claims of Lidiya Semenovna Leonidova.

Include Lidiya Semenovna Leonidova in the work experience, which gives the right to early assignment of an old-age pension, in connection with working under harmful and difficult working conditions, period:

from 02/01/1991 to 11/14/1997 as a galvanizer at the Tambovapparat plant.

To oblige the State Administration of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation in Tambov to assign an early retirement pension to Lidiya Semenovna Leonidova in old age from 05/07/2010.

The decision can be appealed to the Tambov Regional Court within 10 days from the date the decision was made in final form.

List of professions recognized as hazardous to health in Russia

T.K. Fokina.

The reasoned court decision was made on June 22, 2010.

Judge. T.K. Fokina.

Right. Referee: T.K. Fokina.

Original document

Harmful working conditions list of professions

According to statistics, in Russia industrial production More than twelve million people work, almost half of them work in hazardous industries. Harmful conditions in enterprises are those conditions that can cause harm to health, reduce productivity and lead to the risk of poisoning. Diseases arising during labor activity, may have consequences in the future, including consequences that include the risk of having unhealthy children.

Harmful factors of hazardous industries

Production factors considered harmful are divided into two types:

1. Harmful factors in production;
2. Harmful factors during the labor process.

In its turn, occupational hazards are divided into:

1. Physical. These include high or low temperatures, dust, noisy production, and so on.
2. Chemical. Factors of this type include inhalation of harmful substances or gas contamination.
3. Biological. Biological factors include the risks of infection with various microorganisms and dangerous infections. As a rule, such professions include workers from the medical or veterinary field.

During the work process, harmful factors also arise. These include increased nervous or physical stress.

List of hazardous industries and professions

There are a lot of industries and professions with hazardous working conditions and their list is too huge to list in this article. However, you can still briefly look at it. The list of hazardous industries and professions was published in 1974 with subsequent amendments and additions until 1991.

Naturally, this list includes industries with difficult working conditions. This includes mining labor activity, in particular the extraction of salt, shale, mica, graphite, oil and coal, and various production in the field of metallurgy and coke-chemical work.

The list of hazardous industries and professions is official document that provides fringe benefits and compensation for workers in hazardous production.

Harmful industries

The list of hazardous industries is as long as list of professions in such industries. These include the following production enterprises:

1. Cement;
2. Stone foundry products;
3. Reinforced concrete products;
4. Thermal insulation materials;
5. Soft roofing;
6. Glass and glass products;
7. Musical instruments;

1. Textile and light industry;
2. Food industry;
3. Printing;
4. Connection;
5. Agriculture and national economy;

Transport companies:

1. Railway;
2. Automotive;
3. River;
4. Nautical.

Benefits and compensation preferred to workers in hazardous work

The legislation of the Russian Federation provides for the following rights for workers in hazardous professions:

1. Additional leave;
2. Rest break, as well as a reduction in working hours;
3. Personal protection, milk and therapeutic nutrition;
4. Medical examination at the expense of the employer;
5. Increased pension due to preferential length of service.

When making a choice in favor of a harmful profession, you need to weigh the pros and cons. Despite the benefits provided, it is worth remembering the harmful effects on your body and overall health.

A.V. Papkov

CONTINGENT OF WORKERS

Subject to preliminary and (or) periodic medical examination

according to the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia 302n dated April 12, 2011.

Developed by:

Occupational safety specialist E.I. Pavlov

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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RF

FEDERAL STATE BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

"TVER STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY"

(FSBEOUVPO "TSTU")

Course work

in the discipline "Industrial Sanitation"

Topic: Harmful production factors affecting the repairman

Petrov Ivan Alexandrovich

I checked the work:

Volkova Polina Andreevna

Introduction

1. Harmful production factors affecting the employee

1.3 Industrial noise

1.4 Ultrasound and infrasound

1.5 Industrial vibration

1.7 Laser radiation

1.8 Insufficient lighting of the workplace

2. Impact of main factors on the body

3. Class of working conditions

Conclusion

List of sources used

Introduction

Description of the technological process

At enterprises of various industries National economy a great variety of different machines and mechanisms are concentrated. The uninterrupted operation of all these mechanisms, and therefore the production of products, depends on repairmen.

Repairmen carry out current, medium and major repairs, as well as installation, testing and adjustment of various equipment, machines and units. It is impossible to list the mechanisms that repairmen have to deal with. This is true creative work. Repairmen identify faults, disassemble, repair and assemble various components, mechanisms and machines in general. They also produce some parts and accessories for repair and assembly. In this regard, a repairman must have a large stock of knowledge and skills. mechanic hazardous production work

The profession of a mechanic dates back to the moment when humanity began to invent machines and mechanisms, when specialists were needed to assemble, maintain and repair them. For the first time about plumbing was mentioned in 1463 in the Viennese archive, and in 1545 a metalworking workshop was formed in Germany. The name of the profession comes from the German word schlos - castle. Schlossers were the name given to the craftsmen who made locks.

Personal qualities:

The work of a repairman falls into the category of work with average physical activity. He must have good health in the field of the cardiovascular system and musculoskeletal system. He must have good eyesight, memory and an accurate eye. Education (What you need to know?):

In addition to the design and principles of operation of the machines being repaired, you need to know the basics of metal technology, be able to use a wide variety of metalworking and testing tools, lifting vehicles, know the techniques of metalworking and assembling parts, and safety regulations.

The basis of a repairman's work is observation and technical savvy. A worker in this profession must correctly determine the cause of the malfunction and develop a plan to eliminate it. The labor productivity of a repairman largely depends on the correct solution of these problems.

Place of work and career:

Working conditions for a repairman can be very different. He can work in a mechanical repair shop or team, as well as individually as an on-duty repair mechanic. Repairmen work both indoors at stationary workstations and at fresh air, in particular when repairing agricultural equipment.

1. The main harmful factors affecting the employee

Harmful production factor (VPF) is a production factor whose impact on a worker under certain conditions leads to illness or decreased ability to work. Diseases arising under the influence of harmful production factors are called professional.

Harmful production factors include:

* unfavorable meteorological conditions;

* dustiness and gas contamination of the air environment;

* exposure to noise, infra- and ultrasound, vibration;

* presence of electromagnetic fields, laser and ionizing radiation, etc.

All hazardous and harmful production factors in accordance with GOST 12.0.003-74 are divided into physical, chemical, biological and psychophysiological.

TO physical factors include electric current, kinetic energy of moving machines and equipment or their parts, increased pressure of vapors or gases in vessels, unacceptable levels of noise, vibration, infra- and ultrasound, insufficient illumination, electromagnetic fields, ionizing radiation, etc.

Chemical factors are substances harmful to the human body in various conditions.

Biological factors are the effects of various microorganisms, as well as plants and animals.

Psychophysiological factors are physical and emotional overload, mental overstrain, monotony of work.

1.1 Meteorological conditions of the working environment

The microclimate of industrial premises is determined by a combination of temperature, humidity, air mobility, temperature of surrounding surfaces and their thermal radiation. Microclimate parameters determine the heat exchange of the human body and have a significant impact on the functional state of various body systems, well-being, performance and health.

The temperature in production premises is one of the leading factors determining the meteorological conditions of the production environment.

The microclimate parameters of industrial premises depend on the thermophysical characteristics of the technological process, climate, season of the year, heating and ventilation conditions.

Thermal radiation (infrared radiation) is invisible electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 0.76 to 540 nm, which has wave, quantum properties. The intensity of thermal radiation is measured in W/m2. Infrared rays passing through the air do not heat it, but when absorbed by solids, the radiant energy turns into thermal energy, causing them to heat up. The source of infrared radiation is any heated body.

Meteorological conditions for the working area of ​​industrial premises are regulated by GOST 12.1.005-88 "General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area" and Sanitary standards for the microclimate of industrial premises (SN 4088-86).

Of fundamental importance in the standards is the separate regulation of each microclimate component: temperature, humidity, air speed. In the work area, microclimate parameters must be provided that correspond to optimal and permissible values.

The group of sanitary measures includes means of heat localization and thermal insulation, aimed at reducing the intensity of thermal radiation and heat release from equipment.

Measures to prevent the adverse effects of cold should include heat retention - preventing the cooling of industrial premises, the selection of rational work and rest regimes, the use of personal protective equipment, as well as measures to increase the body's defenses.

1.2 Harmful chemicals

Harmful is a substance that, upon contact with the human body, causes industrial injuries, occupational diseases or health problems. Classification of hazardous substances and general safety requirements were introduced by GOST 12.1.007-76.

The degree and nature of disturbances in the normal functioning of the body caused by a substance depends on the route of entry into the body, dose, time of exposure, concentration of the substance, its solubility, the state of the receiving tissue and the body as a whole, atmospheric pressure, temperature and other characteristics environment.

Harmful substances enter the body through the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract and through the skin. Substances most likely enter the body in the form of gas, steam and dust through the respiratory system (about 95% of all poisonings).

The release of harmful substances into the air is possible during technological processes and work related to the use, storage, transportation of chemicals and materials, their extraction and production.

Dust is the most common unfavorable factor in the industrial environment. Numerous technological processes and operations in industry, transport, agriculture are accompanied by the formation and release of dust; large contingents of workers may be exposed to it.

Maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) of harmful substances in the air of the working area are established by GOST 12.1.005-88.

Particular attention should be paid to the use of personal protective equipment, primarily for respiratory protection (filtering and insulating gas masks, respirators, safety glasses, special clothing).

1.3 Industrial noise

In production conditions, sources of noise are operating machines and mechanisms, hand mechanized tools, electric machines, compressors, forging and pressing, lifting and transport, auxiliary equipment (ventilation units, air conditioners), etc.

Permissible noise characteristics of workplaces are regulated by GOST 12.1.003-83 “Noise, general safety requirements” (change I.III.89) and Sanitary standards for permissible noise levels in workplaces (SN 3223-85) with amendments and additions dated March 29, 1988 year No. 122-6/245-1.

Based on the nature of the spectrum, noise is divided into broadband and tonal.

Based on their time characteristics, noise is divided into constant and non-constant. In turn, non-constant noises are divided into time-varying, intermittent and pulsed.

As characteristics of constant noise in workplaces, as well as to determine the effectiveness of measures to limit its adverse effects, sound pressure levels in decibels (dB) in octave bands with geometric mean frequencies of 31.5 are taken; 63; 125; 250; 1000; 2000; 4000; 8000 Hz.

As general characteristics noise in workplaces, a sound level rating in dB(A) is used, which is average value frequency characteristics of sound pressure.

A characteristic of non-constant noise in workplaces is the integral parameter - the equivalent sound level in dB(A).

Considering that with the help of technical means it is currently not always possible to solve the problem of reducing noise levels, much attention should be paid to the use of personal protective equipment (antiphons, plugs, etc.). The effectiveness of personal protective equipment can be ensured by their correct selection depending on the levels and spectrum of noise, as well as monitoring the conditions of their operation.

1.4 Ultrasound and infrasound

Recently, technological processes based on the use of ultrasound energy have become increasingly widespread in production. Ultrasound has also found application in medicine. Due to the increase in unit powers and speeds of various units and machines, noise levels are increasing, including in the ultrasonic frequency range.

Ultrasound is the mechanical vibration of an elastic medium with a frequency exceeding the upper limit of audibility -20 kHz. The unit of sound pressure level is dB. The unit of measurement for ultrasound intensity is watt per square centimeter (W/cm2).

The degree of severity of the changes depends on the intensity and duration of exposure to ultrasound and increases in the presence of high-frequency noise in the spectrum, while a pronounced hearing loss is added. If contact with ultrasound continues, these disorders become more persistent.

Small doses - sound level 80-90 dB - give a stimulating effect - micromassage, acceleration of metabolic processes. Large doses - sound levels of 120 dB or more - have a damaging effect.

In accordance with GOST 12.1.01-89 "Ultrasound. General safety requirements", "Sanitary standards and rules for working on industrial ultrasonic installations" (No. 1733-77) the sound pressure levels in the high-frequency region of audible sounds and ultrasounds at workplaces are limited ( from 80 to 110 dB at geometric mean frequencies of one-third octave bands from 12.5 to 100 kHz).

Ultrasound transmitted by contact is regulated by “Sanitary norms and rules for working with equipment that creates ultrasound transmitted by contact to the hands of workers” No. 2282-80.

When designing ultrasonic installations, it is advisable to use operating frequencies that are farthest from the audible range - not lower than 22 kHz.

To eliminate exposure to ultrasound when in contact with liquid and solid media, it is necessary to install a system to automatically turn off ultrasonic transducers during operations during which contact is possible (for example, loading and unloading materials). To protect hands from the contact action of ultrasound, it is recommended to use a special working tool with a vibration-isolating handle.

Development of technology and Vehicle, improvement of technological processes and equipment is accompanied by an increase in the power and dimensions of machines, which determines the tendency for low-frequency components in the spectra to increase and the emergence of infrasound, which is a relatively new, not fully studied factor in the production environment.

Infrasound is the name given to acoustic vibrations that occur frequently! below 20 Hz. This frequency range lies below the threshold of audibility and the human ear is not capable of perceiving vibrations of these frequencies.

Industrial infrasound occurs due to the same processes as noise of audible frequencies. The greatest intensity of infrasonic vibrations is created by machines and mechanisms that have large surfaces that perform low-frequency mechanically! vibrations (infrasound of mechanical origin) or turbulent flows of gases and liquids (infrasound of aerodynamic or hydrodynamic origin).

The maximum levels of low-frequency acoustic vibrations from industrial and transport sources reach 100-110 dB.

In accordance with the Hygienic Standards for Infrasound in Workplaces (No. 2274-80), based on the nature of the spectrum, infrasound is divided into broadband and harmonic. The harmonic nature of the spectrum is established in octave frequency bands by the excess of the level in one band over neighboring ones by at least 10 dB.

According to its temporal characteristics, infrasound is divided into constant and non-constant.

The normalized characteristics of infrasound in workplaces are sound pressure levels in decibels in octave frequency bands with geometric mean frequencies of 2, 4, 8, 16 Hz.

Acceptable sound pressure levels are 105 dB in the octave bands of 2, 4, 8, 16 Hz and 102 dB in the octave band of 31.5 Hz. In this case, the total sound pressure level should not exceed 110 dB Lin.

For non-constant infrasound, the normalized characteristic is the overall sound pressure level.

The recent theoretical substantiation of the flow of nonlinear processes in resonant-type absorbers opens up real ways to design sound-absorbing panels and casings that are effective in the low-frequency region.

As individual funds For protection, it is recommended to use headphones and earbuds that protect the ear from the adverse effects of accompanying noise.

To preventive measures organizational plan should include compliance with the work and rest regime, prohibition overtime work. When in contact with ultrasound for more than 50% of the working time, breaks of 15 minutes are recommended every 1.5 hours of work. A significant effect is achieved by a complex of physiotherapeutic procedures - massage, UT-irradiation, water procedures, vitaminization, etc.

1.5 Industrial vibration

Vibration is the mechanical oscillatory movement of a system with elastic connections.

Vibration according to the method of transmission to a person (depending on the nature of contact with vibration sources) is conventionally divided into: local (local), transmitted to the hands of the worker, and general, transmitted through supporting surfaces to the human body in a sitting position (buttocks) or standing (sole legs). General vibration in the practice of hygienic regulation is designated as vibration of workplaces. In industrial conditions, there is often a combined effect of local and general vibration.

Industrial vibration in its own way physical characteristics has a rather complex classification.

Based on the nature of the spectrum, vibration is divided into narrowband and broadband; in terms of frequency composition - low-frequency with a predominance of maximum levels in the octave bands of 8 and 16 Hz, mid-frequency - 31.5 and 63 Hz, high-frequency - 125, 250, 500, 1000 Hz - for local vibration; for workplace vibration - 1 and 4 Hz, 8 and 16 Hz, 31.5 and 63 Hz, respectively.

According to the time characteristics, vibration is considered: constant, for which the value of the vibration velocity changes no more than 2 times (by 6 dB) during the observation time of at least 1 minute; non-constant, for which the vibration velocity changes by at least 2 times (by 6 dB) during an observation period of at least 1 minute.

Non-constant vibration, in turn, is divided into time-oscillating vibration, for which the level of vibration velocity continuously changes over time; intermittent, when the operator’s contact with vibration during work is interrupted, and the duration of the intervals during which the contact occurs is more than 1 s; pulse, consisting of one or more vibration impacts (for example, shocks), each lasting less than 1 s with a repetition rate of less than 5.6 Hz.

Industrial sources of local vibration are manual mechanized machines of impact, impact-rotational and rotational action with pneumatic or electric drive.

Impact instruments are based on the principle of vibration. These include riveting, chipping, jackhammers, and pneumatic rammers.

Impact-rotary machines include pneumatic and electric hammer drills. They are used in the mining industry, mainly in the drilling and blasting method of mining.

Manual rotary mechanized machines include grinders, drilling machines, electric and gas-powered saws.

Local vibration also occurs during sharpening, emery, grinding, polishing work performed on stationary machines with manual feeding of products; when working with hand tools without motors, for example, straightening work.

Main regulatory legal acts regulating the parameters of industrial vibrations are:

"Sanitary standards and rules for working with machines and equipment that create local vibration transmitted to the hands of workers" No. 3041-84 and "Sanitary standards for vibration of workplaces" No. 3044-84.

Currently about 40 state standards regulate technical requirements to vibration machines and equipment, vibration protection systems, methods for measuring and assessing vibration parameters and other conditions.

In order to prevent the adverse effects of local and general vibration, workers must use personal protective equipment: mittens or gloves (GOST 12.4.002-74. “Personal hand protection from vibration. General requirements”); safety footwear (GOST 12.4.024-76. “Special vibration-proof footwear”).

At enterprises with the participation of sanitary and epidemiological supervision medical institutions, occupational safety services must develop a specific set of medical and biological preventive measures, taking into account the nature of the impact of vibration and associated factors of the working environment.

1.6 Electromagnetic, electric and magnetic fields. Static electricity

Electromagnetic fields of radio frequencies (60 kHz-300 GHz) and electric fields of industrial frequency (50 Hz) can have a dangerous impact on workers.

The source of electric fields of industrial frequency are the current-carrying parts of existing electrical installations (power lines, inductors, capacitors of thermal installations, feeder lines, generators, transformers, electromagnets, solenoids, pulsed installations of half-wave or capacitor type, cast and metal-ceramic magnets, etc.).

The source of electromagnetic fields of radio frequencies are:

V range 60 kHz - 3 MHz - unshielded elements of equipment for induction processing of metal (quenching, annealing, melting, soldering, welding, etc.) and other materials, as well as equipment and instruments used in radio communications and broadcasting;

in the range of 3 MHz - 300 MHz - unshielded elements of equipment and instruments used in radio communications, broadcasting, television, medicine, as well as equipment for heating dielectrics (welding plastic compounds, heating plastics, gluing wooden products and etc.);

in the range 300 MHz - 300 GHz - unshielded elements of equipment and instruments used in radar, radio astronomy, radio spectroscopy, physiotherapy, etc.

Long-term exposure to radio waves various systems the human body has varied consequences.

An effective means of protection against exposure to electromagnetic radiation is to shield radiation sources and the workplace using screens that absorb or reflect electromagnetic energy. The choice of screen design depends on the nature of the technological process, source power, and wave range.

To make reflective screens, materials with high electrical conductivity are used, such as metals (in the form of solid walls) or cotton fabrics with a metal base. Solid metal screens are the most effective and already at a thickness of 0.01 mm provide attenuation of the electromagnetic field by approximately 50 dB (100,000 times).

For the manufacture of absorbing screens, materials with poor electrical conductivity are used. Absorbing screens are made in the form of pressed sheets of rubber of a special composition with conical solid or hollow spikes, as well as in the form of plates of porous rubber filled with carbonyl iron, with a pressed metal mesh. These materials are glued to the frame or surface of the radiating equipment.

An important preventive measure for protection from electromagnetic radiation is the fulfillment of the requirements for the placement of equipment and for the creation of premises in which sources of electromagnetic radiation are located.

Protection of personnel from overexposure can be achieved by placing HF, UHF and microwave generators, as well as radio transmitters in specially designed rooms.

Screens of radiation sources and workplaces are blocked with disconnecting devices, which makes it possible to prevent the operation of emitting equipment when the screen is open.

Permissible levels of exposure to workers and requirements for monitoring at workplaces for electric fields of industrial frequency are set out in GOST 12.1.002-84, and for electromagnetic fields of radio frequencies - in GOST 12.1.006-84.

Enterprises widely use and receive large quantities substances and materials with dielectric properties, which contribute to the generation of static electricity charges.

Static electricity is produced by the friction (contact or separation) of two dielectrics against each other or dielectrics against metals. In this case, electrical charges can accumulate on the rubbing substances, which easily flow into the ground if the body is a conductor of electricity and it is grounded. Electric charges are retained on dielectrics for a long time, which is why they are called static electricity.

The process of the emergence and accumulation of electrical charges in substances is called electrification.

The phenomenon of static electrification is observed in the following main cases:

V flow and splashing of liquids;

in a stream of gas or steam;

upon contact and subsequent removal of two solid dissimilar bodies (contact electrification).

A discharge of static electricity occurs when the electrostatic field strength above the surface of a dielectric or conductor, due to the accumulation of charges on them, reaches a critical (breakdown) value. For air, the breakdown voltage is 30 kB/cm.

Permissible levels of electrostatic field strength are established by GOST 12.1.045-84 "Electrostatic fields. Permissible levels at workplaces and requirements for monitoring" and Sanitary and Hygienic Standards for Permissible Electrostatic Field Strength (No. 1757-77).

These regulations apply to electrostatic fields created during the operation of high-voltage direct current electrical installations and electrification of dielectric materials, and establish permissible levels of electrostatic field strength at personnel workplaces, as well as general requirements for control and protective equipment.

Permissible levels of electrostatic field strength are established depending on the time spent at work places. The maximum permissible level of electrostatic field strength is set to 60 kV/m for 1 hour.

When the electrostatic field strength is less than 20 kV/m, the time spent in electrostatic fields is not regulated.

In the voltage range from 20 to 60 kV/m, the permissible time for personnel to stay in an electrostatic field without protective equipment depends on the specific level of tension in the workplace.

1.7 Laser radiation

A laser or optical quantum generator is a generator of electromagnetic radiation in the optical range, based on the use of stimulated radiation.

Lasers, due to their unique properties (high beam directivity, coherence, monochromaticity), are found exclusively wide application in various fields of industry, science, technology, communications, agriculture, medicine, biology, etc.

The classification of lasers is based on the degree of danger of laser radiation for operating personnel. According to this classification, lasers are divided into 4 classes:

class 1 (safe) - output radiation is not dangerous to the eyes; class II (low-hazard) - direct or specularly reflected radiation is dangerous to the eyes;

class III (medium hazardous) - direct, specular, and diffusely reflected radiation is dangerous to the eyes at a distance of 10 cm from the reflecting surface and (or) direct or specularly reflected radiation is dangerous to the skin;

class IV (highly hazardous) - diffusely reflected radiation is dangerous to the skin at a distance of 10 cm from the reflecting surface.

The leading criteria for assessing the degree of danger of generated laser radiation are the power (energy), wavelength, pulse duration and irradiation exposure.

Maximum permissible levels, requirements for the design, placement and safe operation of lasers are regulated by "Sanitary norms and rules for the design and operation of lasers" No. 2392-81, which make it possible to develop measures to ensure safe conditions labor when working with lasers. Sanitary norms and rules make it possible to determine the MPL values ​​for each operating mode and section of the optical range using special formulas and tables. The energy exposure of irradiated tissues is normalized. For laser radiation in the visible region of the spectrum for the eyes, the angular size of the radiation source is also taken into account.

The maximum permissible levels of irradiation are differentiated taking into account the operating mode of lasers - continuous mode, monopulse, pulse-periodic.

The effect of laser radiation on the organ of vision (from minor functional impairment to complete loss of vision) depends mainly on the wavelength and localization of the effect.

With the use of high-power lasers and the expansion of their practical use, the danger of accidental damage not only to the organ of vision, but also to the skin and even internal organs has increased, with further changes in the central nervous and endocrine systems.

The main regulatory legal acts when assessing working conditions with optical quantum generators are:

"Sanitary standards and rules for the design and operation of lasers" No. 2392-81; guidelines“Occupational hygiene when working with lasers”, approved by the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR on April 27, 1981;

GOST 24713-81 "Methods for measuring parameters of laser radiation. Classification"; GOST 24714-81 "Lasers. Methods for measuring radiation parameters. General provisions"; GOST 12.1.040-83 "Laser safety. General provisions"; GOST 12.1.031 -81 "Lasers. Methods for dosimetric monitoring of laser radiation".

1.8 Natural and artificial lighting

Light is a natural condition of human life, necessary for maintaining health and high productivity, and is based on the work of the visual analyzer, the most subtle and universal sense organ.

Light represents what is visible to the eye electromagnetic waves optical range with a length of 380-760 nm, perceived by the retina of the visual analyzer.

There are 3 types of lighting used in industrial premises:

natural (its source is the sun), artificial (when only artificial sources Sveta); combined or mixed (characterized by a simultaneous combination of natural and artificial lighting).

Combined lighting is used when natural lighting alone cannot provide the necessary conditions for production operations.

The current building codes and regulations provide for two artificial lighting systems: a general lighting system and a combined lighting system.

Natural lighting is created by natural light sources, direct solid rays and diffuse light from the sky (from sunlight scattered by the atmosphere). Natural lighting is biologically the most valuable type of lighting, to which the human eye is most adapted.

The following types of natural lighting are used in industrial premises: lateral - through light openings (windows) in the external walls; the upper one - through skylights in the ceilings; combined - through skylights and windows.

In buildings with insufficient natural lighting, combined lighting is used - a combination of natural and artificial light. Artificial lighting in a combined system can operate continuously (in areas with insufficient natural light) or turn on at dusk.

Artificial lighting on industrial enterprises carried out by incandescent lamps and gas-discharge lamps, which are sources of artificial light.

General and local lighting is used in industrial premises. General - to illuminate the entire room, local (in a combined system) - to increase the illumination of only working surfaces or individual parts of equipment.

Application not only local lighting not allowed.

From the point of view of occupational hygiene, the main lighting characteristic is illumination (E), which is the distribution of luminous flux (F) on a surface of area (S) and can be expressed by the formula E = F/S.

Luminous flux (F) is the power of radiant energy, assessed by the visual sensation it produces. Measured in lumens (lm).

In the physiology of visual perception, important importance is attached not to the incident flux, but to the level of brightness of illuminated industrial and other objects, which is reflected from the illuminated surface in the direction of the eye. Visual perception is determined not by illumination, but by brightness, which is understood as a characteristic of luminous bodies equal to the ratio of the intensity of light in any direction to the area of ​​​​projection of the luminous surface onto a plane perpendicular to this direction. Brightness is measured in nits (nits). The brightness of illuminated surfaces depends on their luminous properties, the degree of illumination and the angle at which the surface is viewed.

Luminous intensity is the luminous flux propagating within a solid angle equal to 1 steradiant. The unit of luminous intensity is the candela (cd).

The luminous flux incident on the surface is partially reflected, absorbed or transmitted through the illuminated body. Therefore, the light properties of the illuminated surface are also characterized by the following coefficients:

reflection coefficient - the ratio of the light flux reflected by the body to the incident one;

transmittance - the ratio of the light flux passing through the medium to the incident one;

absorption coefficient - the ratio of the light flux absorbed by the body to the incident one.

The required levels of illumination are standardized in accordance with SNiP 23-05-95 "Natural and artificial lighting" depending on the accuracy of the production operations performed, the light properties of the working surface and the part in question, the lighting system."

Hygienic requirements that reflect the quality of industrial lighting include:

uniform distribution of brightness in the field of view and limitation of shadows;

limitation of direct and reflected glare;

limiting or eliminating fluctuations in light flux.

Uniform distribution of brightness in the field of view is important for maintaining human performance. If in the field of view there are constantly surfaces that differ significantly in brightness (illumination), then when moving the gaze from a bright to a dimly lit surface, the eye is forced to re-adapt. Frequent readaptation leads to the development of visual fatigue and makes it difficult to perform production operations.

The degree of unevenness is determined by the unevenness coefficient - the ratio of maximum to minimum illumination. The higher the accuracy of the work, the lower the unevenness coefficient should be.

Excessive glare (glare) is the property of luminous surfaces with increased brightness to disrupt the conditions of comfortable vision, worsen contrast sensitivity, or have both of these effects at the same time.

Lamps - light sources enclosed in fittings - are designed to properly distribute the light flux and protect the eyes from excessive brightness of the light source. The fittings protect the light source from mechanical damage, as well as smoke, dust, soot, moisture, and provide fastening and connection to the power source.

According to light distribution, luminaires are divided into luminaires of direct, diffused and reflected light. Direct light luminaires direct more than 80% of the luminous flux to the lower hemisphere due to the internal reflective enamel surface. Diffused light luminaires emit luminous flux into both hemispheres: some - 40-60% of the luminous flux downwards, others - 60-80% upwards. Indirect light luminaires direct more than 80% of the luminous flux upward to the ceiling, and the light reflected from it is directed downward into the work area.

To protect the eyes from the shine of the luminous surface of the lamps, the protective angle of the lamp is used - the angle formed by the horizontal from the surface of the lamp (the edge of the luminous filament) and the line passing through the edge of the fittings.

Luminaires for fluorescent lamps mainly have direct light distribution. Measures of protection against direct glare include a protective angle, shielding grilles, and diffusers made of transparent plastic or glass.

With the help of appropriate placement of lamps in the volume of the working room, a lighting system is created. General lighting can be uniform or localized. The general placement of lamps (in a rectangular or checkerboard pattern) to create rational illumination is carried out when performing the same type of work throughout the room, with a high density of workplaces (assembly shops in the absence of a conveyor, wood finishing, etc.) General localized lighting is provided to be provided at a number of workplaces illumination in a given plane (thermal furnace, forging hammer, etc.), when an additional lamp is installed near each of them (for example, a slant light), as well as when performing work of various types in workshop areas or in the presence of shading equipment.

Local lighting is designed to illuminate the work surface and can be stationary or portable; incandescent lamps are more often used for it, since fluorescent lamps can cause a stroboscopic effect.

Emergency lighting is installed in production premises and in open areas to temporarily continue work in the event of an emergency shutdown of working lighting (general network). It must provide at least 5% of the illumination normalized for a general lighting system.

2. Impact of main factors

Microclimate

High temperatures have a negative impact on human health. Working in conditions of high temperature is accompanied by intense sweating, which leads to dehydration of the body, loss of mineral salts and water-soluble vitamins, causes serious and persistent changes in the activity of the cardiovascular system, increases the respiratory rate, and also affects the functioning of other organs and systems - weakened attention, coordination of movements worsens, reactions slow down, etc.

Prolonged exposure to high temperatures, especially when combined with high humidity, can lead to significant heat buildup in the body (hyperthermia). With hyperthermia, headache, nausea, vomiting, sometimes convulsions, drop in blood pressure, and loss of consciousness are observed.

The effect of thermal radiation on the body has a number of features, one of which is the ability of infrared rays of various lengths to penetrate to different depths and be absorbed by the corresponding tissues, producing a thermal effect, which leads to an increase in skin temperature, an increase in heart rate, changes in metabolism and blood pressure, and disease eye.

When the human body is exposed to negative temperatures, a narrowing of the blood vessels in the fingers, toes, and facial skin is observed, and metabolism changes. Low temperatures also affect internal organs, and prolonged exposure to these temperatures leads to their persistent diseases.

Harmful chemicals

The effect of harmful substances on the body can result in anatomical damage, permanent or temporary disorders, and combined consequences. Many highly active harmful substances cause disruption of normal physiological activity in the body without noticeable anatomical damage, effects on the functioning of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, general metabolism, etc.

Intense noise exposure on the human body adversely affects the course of nervous processes, contributes to the development of fatigue, changes in the cardiovascular system and the appearance of noise pathology, among the diverse manifestations of which the leading clinical sign is a slowly progressive hearing loss of the type of cochlear neuritis.

Ultrasound and infrasound

Ultrasound has a mainly local effect on the body, since it is transmitted through direct contact with an ultrasonic instrument, workpieces or environments where ultrasonic vibrations are excited. Ultrasonic vibrations generated by low frequency ultrasound industrial equipment, have an adverse effect on the human body. Long-term systematic exposure to airborne ultrasound causes changes in the nervous, cardiovascular and endocrine systems, auditory and vestibular analyzers. The most characteristic is the presence of vegetative-vascular dystonia and asthenic syndrome.

Under the influence of local ultrasound, phenomena of vegetative polyneuritis of the hands (less often of the legs) of varying degrees of severity occur, up to the development of paresis of the hands and forearms, and vegetative-vascular dysfunction.

The nature of the changes that occur in the body under the influence of ultrasound depends on the dose of exposure.

Studies of the biological effects of infrasound on the body have shown that at levels from 110 to 150 dB or more, it can cause unpleasant subjective sensations and numerous reactive changes in people, which include changes in the central nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and the vestibular analyzer . There is evidence that infrasound causes hearing loss primarily at low and medium frequencies. The severity of these changes depends on the level of infrasound intensity and the duration of the factor.

Vibration

Prolonged exposure to vibration high levels on the human body leads to the development of premature fatigue, decreased labor productivity, increased morbidity and often the emergence of occupational pathology - vibration disease.

Electromagnetic and electric magnetic fields. Static electricity

Long-term exposure to an electric field on the human body can cause disruption of the functional state of the nervous and cardiovascular systems. This is expressed in increased fatigue, decreased quality of work operations, pain in the heart, changes in blood pressure and pulse.

The most characteristic effects of radio waves of all ranges are deviations from the normal state of the central nervous system and the human cardiovascular system. Subjective sensations of exposed personnel include complaints of frequent headaches, drowsiness or general insomnia, fatigue, weakness, increased sweating, memory loss, confusion, dizziness, darkening of the eyes, unreasonable feelings of anxiety, fear, etc.

People working in areas exposed to electrostatic fields have a variety of complaints: irritability, headache, sleep disturbance, loss of appetite, etc.

Laser radiation

Depending on the specifics of the technological process, working with laser equipment may be accompanied by exposure of personnel mainly to reflected and scattered radiation. Laser radiation energy in biological objects (tissue, organ) can undergo various transformations and cause organic changes in irradiated tissues (primary effects) and nonspecific functional changes (secondary effects) that occur in the body in response to irradiation.

Natural and artificial lighting

Insufficient lighting affects the functioning of the visual apparatus, that is, it determines visual performance, the human psyche, his emotional state, and causes fatigue in the central nervous system, which occurs as a result of the efforts made to identify clear or dubious signals.

3. Class of working conditions

Protocol for assessing working conditions based on indicators of labor intensity

Conclusion: more than 6 indicators belong to the 2nd class, the rest - to the 1st. Therefore, the general assessment of the labor intensity of the master corresponds to class 2 - “Acceptable”

Class of working conditions according to microclimate indicators for working premises

Based on the fact that the outside air temperature is 24 With a relative humidity of 85%, air velocity of 0.5 m/s, it follows that according to SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 “Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises”, the microclimate parameters correspond to acceptable (class 2) working conditions.

Class of working conditions depending on the content of harmful substances in the air of the working area

Class of working conditions depending on noise level

The noise level at the electric welder’s workplace is 83 dBA, which corresponds, according to SN 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96 “Noise at Workplaces,” to the permissible class (class 2) of working conditions.

Final table for assessing the employee’s working conditions according to the degree of harmfulness and danger

Based on the data in the final protocol, it follows that the limiting indicator when assessing the working conditions of a mechanic is the chemical factor of the labor process, therefore, referring to the general provisions of Guide P 2.2.2006 - 05, it follows that the working conditions of a repairman belong to 4th degree, 3rd class of hazard and danger .

4. Measures to protect against harmful production factors

Microclimate

The fight against the unfavorable influence of the industrial microclimate is carried out using technological, sanitary and medical measures.

In the prevention of the harmful effects of high temperatures of infrared radiation, the leading role belongs to technological measures: replacement of old and introduction of new technological processes and equipment, automation and mechanization of processes, remote control.

Effective means of reducing heat generation are:

covering heated surfaces and steam and gas pipelines with heat-insulating materials (glass wool, asbestos mastic, asbestos termite, etc.); equipment sealing; the use of reflective, heat-absorbing and heat-removing screens; arrangement of ventilation systems; use of personal protective equipment. Medical and preventive measures include: organizing a rational regime of work and rest; ensuring drinking regime; increasing resistance to high temperatures through the use of pharmacological agents (taking dibazole, ascorbic acid, glucose), inhaling oxygen; undergoing pre-employment and periodic medical examinations.

Harmful chemicals

The basis for carrying out measures to combat harmful substances is hygienic regulation.

Reduced exposure to non-functioning harmful substances wm do you achieve its complete elimination? by carrying out technological, sanitary and technical, treatment and preventive measures v use of personal protective equipment.

Technological activities include such as the introduction of continuous technologies, automation and mechanization production processes, remote control, equipment sealing, replacement of hazardous technological processes and operations with less dangerous and safe ones.

Sanitary measures: equipping workplaces with local exhaust ventilation or portable local suction, covering equipment with continuous dust-proof casings with effective air aspiration, etc.

When technological, sanitary and technical measures do not completely eliminate the presence of harmful substances in the air, there are no methods and instruments for their control, treatment and preventive measures are carried out: organization and conduct of preliminary and periodic medical examinations, breathing exercises, alkaline inhalations, provision of treatment and preventive food and m...

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Citizen N. appealed to the Office of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation Central region Chelyabinsk with an application for the appointment of an early preferential pension on the basis of clause 2 of clause 1 of Article 27 of the Federal Law “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation” No. 173-FZ of December 17, 2001.

List No. 2 of industries, works, professions, positions that give the right to preferential pensions, approved by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR dated August 22, 1956. No. 1173, Section XIV “POWER STATIONS, ENERGY TRAINS, STEAM POWER FACILITIES FOR PRODUCTION PURPOSES” provides for mechanics and electricians on duty, mechanics and electricians for the repair and maintenance of equipment and automation in the workshops: boiler rooms, machine (thermal power), fuel supply and dust preparation.

Work experience under difficult working conditions, giving the right to early retirement, was 7 years 10 months 27 days. Total work experience 40 years. Work experience is calculated from the corresponding entries in the work book, which is the main document confirming work experience.

The Administration of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation of the Central District of Chelyabinsk did not count the period of work at CHPP-2 as a mechanic for the repair and maintenance of equipment and automation in the turbine and boiler shops, although the necessary documents for calculating the pension were presented to them.

The decision of the Administration of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation of the Central District of Chelyabinsk was appealed to the Branch of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation for Chelyabinsk region, however, the decision of the Office of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation of the Central Region was left unchanged.

A month before the expiration of the general statute of limitations, N. contacted me. And on time. I have established that the special work experience does not include periods of work in the thermal automatic measurement shop as an electrician on duty for servicing equipment in the turbine shop, or as an electrician in the same workshop.

N. worked constantly full-time as an electrician on duty in the thermal automation and measurement shop for the repair and maintenance of automation equipment in the boiler and turbine departments, which is confirmed by the employment order, staffing schedules of the boiler-turbine department, from which it follows that the boiler and turbine departments were located in boiler-turbine shop, personal account data.

The Thermal Automation and Measurement Shop was engaged in the maintenance and repair of automation and measurement equipment in the boiler and turbine shops. From the staffing schedules of the thermal automation and measurement workshop, we can see the presence of automation sections in the boiler and turbine shops.

In accordance with job description responsibilities included ensuring the operation of equipment through timely detection of faults and their prompt elimination, as well as monitoring the operation of equipment measuring equipment parameters. The workplace of the electrician on duty was located between the boiler and turbine shops, which are located in the same building.

Later N. was transferred as an electrician to the same workshop where he worked until his dismissal. His responsibilities included: repair of measuring instruments, assembly, inspection, regulation, testing, adjustment. Installation of measuring instruments and secondary instruments of electromagnetic, electrodynamic, ferrodynamic, differential transformer circuits, checking by scale divisions indicated by numbers, checking system balance, vibration, eliminating defects in the kinematics mechanism, electrical and measuring circuits, kinematics regulation, balancing, calibration and testing. Metalworking of parts, etc.

We filed a lawsuit to cancel the decision of the UPFR of the Central District of Chelyabinsk and assign a pension from the moment the application was submitted. The claim was granted. The UPFR of the Central District of Chelyabinsk appealed the court decision to the court of second instance, but the decision was left unchanged.

Upon hiring, during employment, as well as extraordinary, depending on the state of health. Such workers, in particular, include workers who work in jobs with hazardous or hazardous conditions labor. They undergo mandatory medical examinations when applying for a job and periodic medical examinations to determine health status. This is necessary to understand whether the employee can perform his job duties, as well as to timely diagnose the occurrence of occupational diseases.

Harmful and dangerous production factors

Order No. 302n regulates the procedure for conducting inspections and their frequency. However, the list of the harmful and dangerous factors themselves, when working with which it is necessary to undergo examinations, is also approved by this order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia, adopted on April 12, 2011.

Harmful factors according to order No. 302n

Organize medical checkup before hiring or routine inspection of employees during their working career is the responsibility of the employer. Harmful production factors in Order 302n, which make some types of activities harmful and even hazardous to health, are contained in Appendix 1. The list of factors is presented in the form of a table divided into several columns:

• item number;
• a group of substances that are harmful to health;
• frequency of medical examinations;
• specialists who take part in the inspection;
• medical procedures and tests that employees need to undergo;
• additional medical contraindications.

Appendix 2 approves the directory of factors of order 302n by profession. It is also designed as a table with five columns:

• activity, profession for which it is necessary to undergo examination;
• frequency of medical examinations;
• doctors who take part in the examination;
• studies and procedures that need to be completed;
• additional contraindications.

The table of harmful factors by profession in Order 302n is very detailed. Harmful factors are divided into chemical (including allergens, carcinogens, natural asbestos, clay and cement, etc.); biological factors including feed, biological toxins (animal or plant poisons), etc.; physical factors, including different kinds radiation, industrial noise, etc., as well as labor process factors, in particular, various overloads.

For each factor, it is prescribed how often and which medical specialists should conduct a medical examination of workers who have to work in harmful or dangerous conditions in accordance with the listed factors.

The table of Order No. 302n with harmful production factors by profession from Appendix 1 can be downloaded below.

The legislation, as we know, provides some guarantees of benefits to those persons who are involved in working in hazardous conditions. True, not every employee or employer is aware of which conditions are considered harmful and which benefits are available to the employees involved there.

List of professions: retirement based on harmfulness

Approximately 50% of companies in the production sector in our country belong to the group of harmful ones. More specifically, in the country as a whole, approximately 40% of all manufacturing jobs involve early retirement for the worker due to unfavorable conditions. Respectively legislative acts, which regulate the accrual of benefits to those employees involved in work under difficult conditions, early retirement is accompanied by compensation payments benefits for damage caused to the body. These include:

• chronic diseases that were acquired during activities in hazardous workplaces;
• incomplete/complete loss of ability to work;
• resulting fatal diseases.

List of the most harmful professions

Today, to understand the fact whether a certain type of work is considered hazardous, you should read the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation (November 20, 2008 No. 870). True, it is a framework, only obliging the Ministry of Health and Social Development to approve necessary documents, of which not many are accepted today.

Therefore, to the extent that does not contradict current legislation, the Resolution of the State Committee for Labor of the USSR, the Presidium of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions (10.25.1974 No. 298/P-22), instructions regarding the use of this list, approved by the Resolution of the State Committee for Labor of the USSR, the Presidium of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions of November 21, 1975 No. 273/P-20.

In addition, there are positions in which work is regarded as harmful; they are specified in industry agreements or collective agreements of the organizations themselves.

What kind of work is considered harmful?

It has already been said that work is considered harmful if it leads to an increase in the number of diseases, a deterioration in the worker’s immunity, the emergence of occupational diseases, a decrease in human performance, a negative impact on reproductive abilities, and a decrease in the chances of having healthy children.

An interesting fact is that, in accordance with all regulations and instructions, only representatives of blue-collar occupations that involve physical labor in the production process have the right to additional payments. At the same time, office workers do not have additional funds. There is only the possibility of obtaining those - to prove that workplace harms human health. Such situations occur when the company is located near existing hazardous production or places where waste is buried.

At the same time the work itself office employee, even when it involves the use of unfavorable digital equipment such as a PC monitor, will not be a reason for charging additional funds. It is not used to recognize an activity as harmful if it lasts for a long time. Many people work full or almost full days, then having 2 days off. Such a regime is bad for the body, but employees employed according to such a schedule are not certified as involved in hazardous work.

To carry out certification of workplaces, agreement is required with the employer, who can initiate it himself. True, the occupational safety service can only recommend performing such a study. If it has already been made, there is a possibility of introducing additional payments for the person involved in such an environment. Cancellation of such payments is made only when there are changes in the conditions.

Harmful conditions according to the employment contract

According to Art. 57 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, in situations where the specifics of the work performed involve the presence of harmful or especially dangerous conditions, in employment contract the following information is indicated:

• labor function (activities according to the position according to the staffing table, profession, specialization; it is necessary to clarify qualifications and a clear type of assigned work). And if compensation, benefits, and certain restrictions are also associated with the performance of a set of works for such a position (profession, specialization), their list should be indicated according to the names specified in the qualification directories;
• working hours when they diverge from the general ones approved by this employer;
• terms of payment (volumes tariff rate or salary ( official salary), additional payments, allowances, incentive accruals);
• compensation for harmful and (or) dangerous conditions (characteristics of the working conditions of this workplace are prescribed).

What are the harmful conditions

In accordance with regulatory documents, working conditions are all derivatives of the labor process in which the employee takes part. They have an impact on the state of his health, ability to work, and relate to a person’s performance of his production tasks.

Such conditions are accompanied by significant severity, as well as danger, risk of injury, factors that can cause chronic diseases, partial or complete loss of ability to work, even death. These factors include:

• dust level;
• degree of gas contamination;
• high humidity;
• significant background radiation;
• lack of natural light;
• high degree of noise;
• activities with mobile machines, mechanisms, harmful chemical or bacteriological substances, etc.

List of professions with hazardous working conditions in 2016-2017

Each of us has known the expression “milk is harmful” since childhood, but few people realized the real content of this phrase. Some Russian citizens have worked and continue to work in conditions that cause irreversible damage to their health. Just in order to somewhat mitigate the negative results of the influence of negative factors on humans, in the USSR it was decided to give milk to workers in hazardous occupations in the quantities prescribed by the norm.

Today, milk is issued for harmful conditions only at selected enterprises of the Russian Federation, and then more as a memory of the past, and not as a medical purposes. But even now, in order to determine whether a given position or work is harmful, one needs to refer to the Resolution of the USSR Cabinet of Ministers of January 26, 1991 No. 10, which is still relevant. It suffered only minor adjustments in 2016. There are 2 lists attached to the Resolution (1, 2), they are also called lists of preferential professions. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 665 of July 16, 2014 extended the validity of the provisions listed in these lists, leaving them with legal force.

1. According to List No. 2 (list of hazardous professions), a pension for activities in dangerous, harmful conditions is awarded to those men who have worked in this industry for at least 12.5 years; women who worked under similar circumstances are at least 10 years old. In addition, there are requirements relating to general work experience. The latter should not be less than 25 years for men, not less than 20 years for women:

• for males, retirement is possible at 55 years of age;
• for females - at 50.

In addition, you should remember: the size of the preferential pension is calculated taking into account the length of service in general, i.e. the longer it is, the better it will be, the higher it was wage, all the better.

1. According to list No. 1 (significant level of severity, harmfulness), male representatives have the right to retire early - at 50 years, however, in cases where their work experience as a whole is not less than 20 years, in harmful conditions - more than 10 years. The weaker sex can retire before the age of 45, with a total work experience of 15 years, and work in hazardous conditions of 7.5 years.

Rights of workers under hazardous conditions

This list contains mainly such professions, regular stay in conditions in which is harmful to a person. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude: those who work in such harmful conditions have the right to retire earlier than the period prescribed in the usual situation. Workers and specialists employed on certain types of vessels of the sea, river, and fishing industry fleets have the right to receive pensions for their length of service.

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