We draw the Dymkovo toy step by step. Dymkovo clay toy. How to make it

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Dymkovo toy

The history of the Dymkovo toy The Dymkovo toy is an original clay craft that originated and was preserved exclusively on the territory of the Vyatka Territory (Kirov Region), in the settlement of Dymkovo, where stove makers and potters have long settled.

The history of the Dymkovo toy goes back about 400 years. The first Dymkovo toys were whistles in the shape of horses, rams, goats and ducks.

In the past, making Dymkovo toys was a family craft. In the summer months, they prepared clay, pounded it by hand or ground lump chalk in paint grinders, the rest of the time they sculpted, dried, fired the products, closer to “Svistunya” they whitewashed them with chalk diluted in skimmed cow’s milk, painted them with egg paints, and decorated them with diamonds of golden leaf. And in the spring, they brought the Dymkovo toy to the city on boats for a holiday, delighting children and adults with their art.

At the end of the 19th century, the fishery fell into decline. In the 30s of the 20th century, as part of the revival of some folk crafts, support was provided for the revival of the Dymkovo toy craft. The toy is sculpted from local red clay in sections (unlike other toys, which are sculpted from a single piece of clay). Before firing, the toys are dried and only then fired. Previously toys They were fired in a real Russian kiln, now they are fired in muffle kilns.

The fired Dymkovo toy has a red-brown color, common for clay. For whitewashing, a mixture of chalk and milk is used, into which the Dymkovo toy is dipped. In this case, the surface is covered with a dense white layer. For coloring, dry paints ground on eggs were used. Nowadays gouache diluted with egg is used.

Halftones and imperceptible transitions are alien to the Dymkovo toy. Undiluted bright colors create a feeling of joy in life. The patterns have simple geometric shapes: circles, checks, waves. In general, up to 10 colors can be used in each toy.

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Step-by-step execution of work

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DURING THE CLASSES.

Let's sit side by side and talk well. I wanted to tell you guys one thing amazing story. In a certain kingdom of the Russian state, on the bank of a river stood, and still stands, the large village of Dymkovo. Extraordinary toys were born in the village. On long winter evenings they sculpted those toys from clay.
All toys are not simple,
And magically painted.
Snow-white, like birch trees,
Circles, stripes.
A seemingly simple pattern
But I can't take my eyes off

The toys made by Dymkovo craftsmen turned out to be unusually beautiful, bright, fabulous, and magical. People believed that these toys protected them from misfortunes and troubles. Therefore, they were placed between the windows in winter and decorated with toys at home.
-Today we will paint one of the Dymkovo toys. Guess which one?
-An unknown bird appeared,
Everyone marvels at her:
Doesn't sing and doesn't fly,
Everything is on fire and blazing.
Far across the world
Everyone knows this birdie,
This is not a simple bird -
Painted, gold,
Just a miracle - a trinket,
Its name is the folk toy.(Dymkovo cockerel toy)

In our community, posts about various Russian folk crafts have been published more than once:, another version of lacquer miniatures -, not so long ago a story was published about. And today we will talk a little about the famous Dymkovo toy.

The Dymkovo toy dates back to the 15th century, when Ivan III, trying to subjugate the rebellious inhabitants of Veliky Ustyug to Moscow, resettled them in remote areas. Among the settlers who settled across the Vyatka River - in the settlement of Dymkovo, there were many artisans. During the spring holidays in the settlement, cheerful festivities were organized, the indispensable attribute of which were clay whistle toys. Gradually, the skillful craftsmanship of toy makers became popular.
The whistles were in the form of ladies under an umbrella, ruddy gentlemen, horses, bears, deer, ducks and roosters - festively painted on white clay with multi-colored stripes and lines, rings and dots, circles similar to flowers. These toys are very simple. What stands out in the figurine of the lady is her head in a kokoshnik and her bell-shaped skirt with an apron. The rider can be not only on a horse, but also on a goat, pig or rooster. A cow, a ram, a goat are very similar to each other, and differ from each other only in the shape of the horns. The painting of the Dymkovo toy is elegant and decorative. Crimson, blue, green, yellow-orange colors sparkle brightly on a white background. The Dymkovo toy has its own symbolism. The blue wavy stripe is water, the crossed stripes are the frame of the well, the circle with a star-shaped center is the sun and celestial bodies.

The Dymkovo toy, similar in shape to products from other crafts, has characteristic differences in painting. Molded from red clay, after firing it is painted with chalk diluted in milk; now water-emulsion white is used as a replacement. Painting is done on a white background with tempera paints. Voiced tones of red, yellow, green, blue colors, sometimes supplemented with copper leaf (even gold leaf was previously used), create a bright, cheerful range of painting.
Along with archaic, fairy-tale images of deer, two-headed horses, and birds, the assortment of toys now includes images of bears and domestic animals presented in unusual situations. Interest in the everyday genre manifested itself in expanding the theme of Dymkovo toys. From urban life of the last century, the toy features horsemen, ladies and gentlemen, nannies and wet nurses. Very simplified poses, movements of the characters, and appropriate clothing retain the conventions coming from the old toy, but very accurately convey the type.
The desire for convincing characteristics and the expansion of the circle are increasingly leading modern craftswomen of Dymkovo toys to translate their works into decorative sculpture. This is reflected in the increase in the size of the sculptural images and in some narration included in the interpretation of the theme. Thus, the figure of a turkey - a very decorative bird in its plumage - becomes a frankly decorative sculpture, which is completely inconvenient for play and therefore must occupy a specific place in the interior decoration. Genre scenes representing multi-figure compositions depict today's life in the city and countryside: festivities and tea parties, a circus performance and a company boat ride.
(c) from the book by P.I. Utkin and N.S. Koroleva “Folk artistic crafts”

The world of Dymkovo toys is a world of fabulously elegant, beautiful and expressive plastic figures of animals, people, and birds. Images of folk sculpture are easily recognizable by children and delight them with bright colorful ornaments. Children quickly get involved in creative games, enjoy composing and trying to realize their ideas. By workbook classes are held: “Multi-colored haze”, “Riders”, patterns “Sun”, “Duck with ducklings”, “Dymkovo patterns”, “Turkey”, “Peasant outfit”, “Bird and water carrier”.

The first lesson is introductory. Children look at the Dymkovo figures, answer questions about color, the variety of geometric pattern elements, and share their impressions. Please note: distinctive feature Dymkovo palette - bright, festive colors. At the end of the lesson, children select the colors of the Dymkovo palette on a sheet of paper.

We draw attention to the unusual image of a rider on a goat. Children “revive” the figures by repeating familiar patterns on the silhouettes. Patterns are drawn immediately with a brush, without preliminary drawing with a pencil - this is how folk artists draw. It is better to work with gouache paints.

The sides are steep,

Frilled hooves

On Egorka's back.

(A. Dyakov)

We draw patterns with a brush and a stamp. Children make their own large and small signet-poke. To do this, you need to tightly twist a strip of paper, as shown in the figure. Each paint has its own poke.

Children draw a “sun” pattern using a brush and a poke signet. The sequence of the pattern is shown in the figure.

Duck is a favorite image in folk art, associated with the sun, abundance. The chest and wings of the bird are decorated with patterns reminiscent of a large and small sun.

Children choose their own colors and decorate the duck with ducklings with a “sun” pattern.

Marfutka Duck

Walks along the shore

Duck-Marfa dots

Leads to swim.

(T. Mavrina)

We continue our acquaintance with Dymkovo patterns using the example of painting the decorative plumage of a turkey’s tail. Children complete the painting using a brush and a poke signet. Various brush techniques are used: drawing wavy lines of the same thickness, applying a brush to depict a decorative flower.

Pay attention to how the rhythm of the pattern matches the round shape of the tail.

The turkey is a traditional Dymkovo motif. Children look at a color illustration or toy and read a quatrain by folk artist A. Dyakov.

Children paint a turkey figurine with a brush and a stamp, varying and creating patterns on their own.

Children practice drawing horizontal and vertical colored lines on a skirt with a brush, and decorate the checkered pattern with additional elements.

In the decorative painting of these figures you can see a peculiar reflection of the elements of folk clothing: kokoshnik, earrings, beads, jacket, skirt, apron. As in a folk costume, everything is decorated with patterns. The patterns are harmoniously combined in color.

When painting a figurine of a peasant woman, children independently vary the patterns. When drawing patterns with a brush, it is better to start with large elements.

Children practice painting by completing patterns on skirts. We consolidate various techniques of working with a brush: drawing lines of different thicknesses and directions, applying an imprint with the entire brush and the end of the brush. The work uses a poke signet.

The lady's outfit amazes with its beautiful patterns and abundance of flounces. In the sculpting and painting of this figurine, folk craftsmen reflected the originality of the fashion of city women of bygone years.

Children independently vary the decorative elements of clothing on the figurine of the lady.

We continue to develop the aesthetic emotional perception of the image.

The picture shows the stages of sculpting by the master Dymkovskaya. The main feature is clay figures.

To work you will need:

board-stand (wooden, plastic or linoleum);

stacks - wooden or plastic sticks with flat rounded ends of various shapes (see cover);

a jar of water;

cloth

The molded clay figurine must dry, this will take several days. Then you can, without burning it, muffle furnace, paint the figurine. First we cover it with 2-3 layers of white paint. You can use white gouache, but it is better to use water-based white paint - the white background will be brighter and cleaner. Colored gouache patterns are applied over the dried background.

If the figurine was sculpted from a, then before painting it is necessary to degrease the surface using crushed chalk or tooth powder.

The figurine of the horse, like the figurine of the lady, is sculpted by folk craftsmen in parts. The figure shows what blanks need to be molded to make a horse. The numbers indicate the sequence of connecting and smearing the parts.

The image of a horse in folk art, like the image of a bird, is loved and revered. These images are associated with the ancient cult of the sun. Like all Dymkovo figurines, the horse looks festive and elegant. Before painting the sculpted figurine, children compose and draw their fairytale horse in a notebook.

Performance at a toy circus. All Dymkovo toys look festive and elegant. Not all of the figures are painted. Children must independently complete the appearance of the toy performers and color the carpet in the circus arena with Dymkovo patterns.

Other Dymkovo heroes also rush to take part in the performance: Ivan the pike rider, the bear and the cockerel. Children come up with their own patterns and paint the figures.

These are the final lessons. Children show creative activity in composing and improvising based on the Dymkovo ornament. The ornament can also be depicted around toys, enhancing the festive mood. It is advisable to combine such a task with sculpting various figures of Dymkovo toys and fairy-tale heroes written by children.

From the figures you can make a tabletop theater: “Merry Carousel at the Fair”, “The Kingdom of Dymkovo”, etc. While acting out the performance, children can read riddles, jokes, poems about the haze.

Drawing lesson in the middle group

Master class on drawing. Decorative plate "Dymkovo horse"

Guys! Today we will make a beautiful plate to decorate your home, but not a simple plate, but a Dymkovo plate! Want to? Then let's get down to business.
Before us lies the material for our plate.

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