Production paving slabs: business plan step by step + 5 types of tiles + 3 production methods + detailed investment calculations.

Capital investments: 968,800 rubles.
Payback period: 3 months.

Production of paving slabs - profitable business with a long-term development perspective.

The infrastructure of modern cities requires constant replenishment of reserves of building materials, including paving slabs.

Why paving slabs? Because this is a business that is always relevant. Think about how many sidewalks are tiled in your city. The building materials market is always in demand + the pace of infrastructure development is increasing, which implies an increase in the need for consumables.

Own tile production is an expensive business because the cost quality equipment starts from $5,000. home positive side– this is a profitability of over 100%.

Do you have money and the desire to open own production paving slabs? Let's start building now!

Production of paving slabs - let's start with marketing

To begin with, you should answer a few basic questions about promoting any product:

1. What to sell?
2. Who should I sell to?
3. What price should I set?

The correct answers to these questions can form the ideal marketing plan sales Start with the first one.

What to sell?

Paving slabs? This is not the answer that will give you a competitive advantage.

You need to decide on a specific product. Initially, you will have a small production line - you shouldn’t spread yourself thin.

Consider the main types of tiles and choose the option that suits you:

View	a brief description of
Sidewalk paving stones	The surface of the tile is hard and frost-resistant; it contains granite chips. Rectangular or chipped shape, the lower and side edges are smooth, the color scheme is predominantly strict. Reusable and resistant to mechanical damage.
Crumb rubber tiles	The composition includes crumb rubber + polyurethane glue. Shape and size may vary depending on the area of ​​use. It is used for children's and sports grounds, places with an increased risk of injury.
Reinforced	High strength tiles. Inside there is a wire mesh that can significantly increase the mechanical resistance of the product. Produced only by vibration casting. It is frost-resistant, adheres to a strict design, and is used for laying parking lots and entrances to factory buildings.
Polymer sand	Consists of polymer, sand and pigment. Lightweight and frost-resistant, used for laying pedestrian areas. The only negative is low strength. The production method differs in the use high pressure to improve the homogeneity of the mixture.
3D design	Paving slabs with 3D print. The peculiarity is that the print is resistant to mechanical damage and all kinds of weather conditions. According to their own physical qualities no different from the most ordinary paving slabs.

So, the production of paving stones for sidewalks is the best solution for a beginning entrepreneur.

Paving stones are easy to make and popular both in the city and in the private sector. Simplicity sells well. Simple forms appeal to most potential buyers.

Who should I sell to?

The sales market for paving slabs is limited by the scope of application.

Think about where you could find tiles? Obviously on the sidewalks! You do understand that it is advisable to use paving slabs only for laying city roadsides, or to use them for decorating private sector areas?

We determine a list of possible customers:

• State utility structures that are engaged in beautification of the city territory.
• Construction companies.
• Owners of private sector houses.

Which one should you focus on?

Of course, the best customer is government agencies. They will provide you with constant sales volumes.

But, as a beginner, you do not have the necessary status and opportunity to immediately get into the ranks of leaders.
The target audience The project that will be discussed in this guide is the private sector.

Owners of private buildings purchase considerable volumes of tiles. It gives a certain status to the “estate” and promotes comfortable movement in the yard in any weather.

What price should I set?

Vibration pressing. This path will allow the entrepreneur to increase the volume of goods. But at the same time, you will have to shell out a fairly substantial amount of money on equipment for the production of paving slabs.

Financial issue: equipment for the production of paving slabs

Buy a new brick making machine or find a used one - actual question for a budding entrepreneur.

Compare prices for all major equipment and draw the appropriate conclusions:

Equipment	Cost, rub.)	Purpose
Vibropress	~ 500 000	Production of paving slabs. Depending on the shape of the matrix, it can be used to produce blocks and other building materials from concrete mortar. Due to vibration and the influence of the punch, the solution is converted into a dense structure.
Hyperpress	450 000	Allows you to form tiles using high hydraulic pressure, thereby compacting the mixture to the desired hardness.
Vibrating table	30 000	The solution in the matrix hardens due to prolonged exposure to vibration. At the end we get tiles that need to undergo a long drying process.
Form	100	Formation of a product with specified parameters. The forms are made of plastic, which ensures durability and functionality + resistance to the influence of the solution.
Rack	2 750	Size: 2000x300x1000 mm. Used to place tiles during the drying process. The base is steel. The rack must be able to withstand the appropriate load.
Concrete mixer	14 000	With the help of a concrete mixer, the solution acquires a uniform consistency, which avoids differences in the composition of the finished tiles.

A complete production line costs from 50,000 to 800,000 RUR. Equipment for the production of paving slabs using a brick press will cost 520,000 rubles.

1) Molds for the production of paving slabs.

Let's look at a comparative table that will give you an idea of ​​the main types of forms depending on the composition:

Compound	Peculiarities
Metal	Durable, simple design. If you have experience working with welding and metal, you can try making the mold yourself. Problem: constant exposure of metal to water leads to rapid corrosion. It is important to use stainless metal.
Tree	Affordable, you can easily assemble it yourself using plywood and wooden slats. Easy to modify. Problem: the wood becomes saturated with moisture and swells, making it difficult to remove the tiles. You can use polyethylene mats to avoid direct contact of the solution with the wood.
Plastic	The forms are light, quite strong, but short-lived, since plastic does not have the best strength indicators . You won't be able to make a mold yourself - working with liquid plastic is very difficult.
Silicone	Flexible forms capable of withstanding 50 to 100 cycles of use. High-quality silicone allows you to create tiles of any shape, which is a huge plus.

Every tile manufacturer faces a question: is it possible to make a mold yourself?

A standard mold is used 50 (plastic) to 200 (metal) times.

To avoid big expenses, you can make molds yourself. The best material is metal or wood. Savings - 50%. But if you are not confident in your design abilities, the best way out is to buy a ready-made mold.

Making molds yourself makes sense only if you use a vibrating table as the main production method. Assembling a matrix for a brick making machine yourself is not best idea'cause you won't be able to stick technological process from start to finish.

2) Machine for the production of paving slabs.

The cost of a brick press ranges from 300,000 to 500,000 rubles. Not the best price for a novice entrepreneur! Is it possible to find an alternative to a new tile making machine?

A used machine costs 40 - 50% less than a new one. But it is important to understand that such savings in the first stages of production will lead to future expenses for repairs + may result in a complete stop of work.

Does a machine for producing paving slabs with such an appearance inspire confidence in you?

Is risk a noble cause?

It's up to you to decide. Remember that idle operation of the mini-plant will lead to a decrease in efficiency. The best decision- do not save money and buy a new press that will ensure uninterrupted operation of the enterprise.

How to decide on the premises?

What should you consider when choosing a room?

Remember, you need to think about the location of the warehouse and workshop in the same room. For these purposes you will need 100-120 sq. m.

Obviously, producing paving slabs at home is nonsense.

1. Ceiling height >3 m.

Water supply.

Water is necessary both for concrete formation and for hygienic purposes.

2. Electricity - 3 phases.

Availability of space zoning.

It is necessary to separate the workshop area from the warehouse and the hygienic corner.

Convenient access to the warehouse.

You are engaged in the production of tiles, transportation of which is not the easiest task. Take care of your customers - organize a comfortable entrance.

Rental price 1 sq. m. warehouse - 150 rub. Respectively, room of 100 sq. m. will cost 15,000 rubles/month.

Personnel for the production of paving slabs

For the operation of a workshop that produces 50 sq. m. of tiles per day using a vibropress, you need to hire 3 employees:

The work of a sales manager and accountant will fall on your shoulders. When the company begins to generate stable income, you can hire specialists for these positions.

Newbies in the production of paving slabs

often make many mistakes due to ignorance of technology.

Important secrets from the manufacturer in this video will help you avoid them!

Production of paving slabs: equipment, personnel, premises - financial calculations

968,800 rubles - start-up capital to start a tile production. How much money should you shell out for monthly infusions?

Monthly investment in tile production

Every month production will take 383,000 rubles from you.

Profitability calculation

• 50 sq. m. of tiles per day – 1,500 sq. m. per month;
• 1 sq. m. costs 550 rubles;
• “dirty” income will be 825,000 rubles;
• “clean” - 442,000 rubles;
• payback – 3 months.

Profitability is very high, which allows you to achieve payback in 3 months and then work to expand production. This is the most obvious advantage of this business idea.

You learned the basics of how to organize production of paving slabs. Business plan- this is only a small part in the practical implementation of the project. Study the technological process, the legislative component and start working on your business today.

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When improving any territory, you cannot do without a convenient and beautiful road surface. Production of paving slabs as a business: profitability, plan with calculations of income and costs in a review for beginning entrepreneurs.

Pros and cons of paving slab business

Paving slabs are a popular building material for arranging paths and platforms in a wide variety of places:

• city ​​parks, squares, roads, squares;
• area in front of shops and other business establishments;
• courtyards in private and apartment buildings.

Competition in this sector of the economy is very high, but huge volumes of consumption allow all producers of high-quality paving stones to make a profit.

Entrepreneurs are attracted by the following points:

1. Lack of permits to open a business.
2. Simplicity of legal registration.
3. Need for a small number of employees.
4. Simple technological process.
5. Opportunity to earn additional income from providing tile laying services.
6. High level of profitability.

The negative aspects include:

• Seasonality - most of the production occurs in the warm season, since a small amount of construction work is carried out in winter.
• Same type and monotonous work - due to this, staff turnover is possible.
• Expensive equipment - paving stones are produced on a large scale using machines costing up to half a million rubles.

You can download a business plan for the production of paving slabs with calculations at.

Tile production business plan

In order not to miss anything when starting a project for the production of paving slabs, you must adhere to next plan actions:

1. Marketing market research.
2. Study of tile production technology.
3. Registration of an enterprise.
4. Renting premises.
5. Purchase of equipment and materials.
6. Search for workers.
7. Organization of advertising and sales.
8. Profitability calculation.

To save time, you can do several things at the same time, for example, purchasing equipment and hiring workers.

The owner of a paving slab production may need a business plan in case of borrowing funds - a bank loan or a non-commercial loan.

Marketing

There are many varieties of tiles on the market, which differ in characteristics and production methods. Starting from scratch to produce several types at once is expensive and risky. It is better to determine the most in-demand product and only after the enterprise begins to generate stable profits, expand production.

You can identify a sales leader as follows: on our own, and ordered a study marketing company. Also at this stage, it is necessary to determine the lower and upper limits of the price of tiles in order to be able to compete without damaging your own business.

Another option is possible: if, when analyzing the market, a niche turns out to be free, then if there is demand, you can take a strong position in the production of unique products.

Technology

There are three main types of coating:

• Ordinary concrete slabs used to pave sidewalks and paths. Color and shape can be very diverse, even with 3D design.
• Polymer plastic tiles. With the help of additives, it is given the necessary properties - frost resistance, reinforcement, water resistance. U polymer tiles longer service life, it is easier to process and more pleasant to use than concrete.
• Soft paving slabs. The basis for production is shredded car tires. This coating is used in the construction of sports fields, outdoor swimming pools and other places where there is a danger of injury. The tile can withstand a wide temperature range and is highly resistant to adverse environment, has a non-slip rubber surface.

Two approaches are used in production:

1. Vibration casting is a simple and cheap method of producing tiles that are not very durable and of high quality. First, a concrete mixture of cement, crushed stone, sand and additives is prepared in a concrete mixer. Then the mixture is poured into molds on a vibrating table, which operates until the surface of the tile is moistened. The molds are dried on pallets indoors for two days, then heated for several minutes to 60ºC-70ºC to remove the tiles on a vibrating table. During the process of heating and beating out the matrix, cracks and chips may form on the paving stones, especially if unskilled labor and cheap equipment are used.
2. Vibropressing and hyperpressing - this method uses expensive equipment, but the tiles are obtained High Quality. As with vibratory casting, a molding mixture is prepared, which is compacted with a vibropress or hydraulic press. Such tiles dry for 8-9 hours naturally or 5-6 hours with hot steam. Because manual labor minimized, there are practically no defective products.

To produce high-quality tiles, you need to consider the following nuances:

• When first used, polymer forms are treated with a special agent that removes static charge. In the future, it is advisable to use emulsol lubricant and, after finishing making the tiles, rinse with a 7% hydrochloric acid solution.
• To retain moisture in the tile when drying, it is covered with film. But then the drying time increases.

The finished paving stones are carefully placed on wooden pallets and secured with film and tape. The tiles should be stored in a dry, warm and well-ventilated warehouse.

Legal registration

The business owner can register as individual entrepreneur or open a limited liability company. Next, you need to register for tax purposes with the Federal Tax Service and social funds. A simplified taxation system makes it possible to submit reports once a year with payment of tax as a percentage of revenue and fixed social contributions.

No special permits are required to conduct activities. If it is necessary to issue a quality certificate to the customer for tiles, you must provide a sample of the product to the certification service.

Room

The production of paving slabs as a business cannot be carried out at home - for the location of equipment and storage of finished products in industrial scale A room of at least 70 square meters is required. m. In the industrial zone of any city there is a free workshop or a suitable warehouse at an affordable price.

Basic requirements for a mini-plant:

1. Availability of communications - water supply, sewerage, electricity.
2. An insulated room and the presence of heating if you plan not to stop production during the cold season.
3. A change house for workers or the possibility of independently arranging a living area.
4. Separate sites for production and warehouse.
5. High ceilings.
6. Access road adapted for freight transport.

It is advisable to find premises near wholesale centers that sell raw materials for production in order to save on delivery.

Equipment and raw materials

Add to list necessary equipment Any production technology includes:

• concrete mixer (to make two-layer tiles you need 2 pieces);
• matrices of various standard forms in the amount of 150-200 pieces (there are metal, plastic, wood, silicone);
• container for washing molds;
• heated container for removing tiles from the matrix;
• racks for drying tiles;
• pallets for storing finished products;
• packaging tools and accessories;
• scales;
• hydraulic trolley for moving pallets with tiles.

Depending on the method of making paving stones, you will need:

1. Vibrating table
2. Hydropress.

New equipment is quite expensive (from 100,000 to 500,000 rubles), while used equipment is 30-40 percent cheaper. You can make a vibrating table and iron forms yourself if you have experience in mechanical engineering and the ability to work with metal. But at the same time, production technology and the quality of the finished product are called into question.

If you have free starting capital, you can purchase a ready-made tile production line for RUB 800,000. - 1,000,000 rub.

Raw materials for concrete paving stones are cheap and available. Recipe for making 1 sq. m. paving slabs 6 cm high:

This is the most common composition among manufacturers. You can also use crumb rubber, glue, wire mesh, polymers, and clay in production.

An important point: in order to obtain consistently high-quality products, the components for preparing the mixture must be of the same brand and manufacturer.

Employees

The number of workers required at a paving stone plant depends on the planned output volumes. For example, for production by vibration compaction method 50 sq. m of paving surface will require 3 people per shift:

• worker at the machine;
• handyman;
• loader.

Administrative work, product sales and accounting activities at the enterprise can initially be carried out by the owner. Once the plant becomes profitable, it makes sense to hire specialists.

Particular attention should be paid to safety precautions, and workers should be provided with special clothing and protective equipment.

Sales of products

For a novice entrepreneur, the main buyers of paving slabs are owners of private houses and retail outlets. To receive an order from construction company It will be necessary to carry out product certification.

The first clients may be friends or relatives who need to improve their territory. You need to look for orders through advertisements in local newspapers, construction press, information portals in the Internet. Good result provides participation in specialized fairs and exhibitions and contacts with supply agents of construction companies.

Sometimes customers receive orders for tiles with installation. To provide turnkey services, you can enter into an agreement with installation organization or hire workers for each case.

To attract large customers, you need to make discounts, for example, when purchasing a certain number of products, offer free shipping and provide a guarantee for operation.

Video: how to open a paving slab production business?

Economic calculations

To determine the amount of investment in a tile project, you need to make a cost-income calculation and calculate whether it is profitable to engage in this business.

Starting production using the vibrocompression method includes the following costs:

Half of the investment is the cost of purchasing equipment. Vibratory casting technology does not use expensive equipment and you can start a business with 700,000 rubles available. — 750,000 rub.

Fixed costs per month for the production of paving stones consist of:

Cost of 1 sq. m of paving slabs will cost the entrepreneur 280 rubles. In the process of work, additional costs may arise for equipment repairs, product certification, incentive payments to employees, etc.

The plant's income will depend on the volume of production and sales of tiles. Presumably, with a production rate per day of 50 sq. m of paving stones and sales of 80% at 600 rubles, monthly turnover will be:

With such calculations, the investment will pay off in 4 months - this is very high rate for production. If you also provide tile laying services, the profitability will be even higher.

Organization of a workshop for the production of paving slabs using vibration casting technology: production of floor street tiles, curbs, gutters, as well as provision of services (both intermediary and direct) for laying.

Russian roads, as before, remain one of the sore subjects, and this applies to both roadways and pedestrian areas. The first problem in the aspect under consideration is of little interest to us, but the second option may be quite interesting in terms of prospects for the development of your business. The fact is that the asphalt, most of which was laid back in Soviet times, has long been in need of replacement. In many large cities, starting with the capital, this process has been going on for a long time, and other settlements are next. An alternative to the old coating in last years serves as paving slabs. Its production will be discussed.

Of course, it would be naive to assume that luxurious municipal contracts will go to a novice businessman, but Moscow was not built right away. On the contrary, participation large manufacturers gives small owners a chance to fulfill bulk orders. Since laying paving slabs is seasonal event, then in the spring-autumn period, under favorable circumstances, you can find a sufficient number of clients by completing small orders in the private sector. In addition, owners of small shops, open-air cafes and other small businesses are more willing to place orders from modest entrepreneurs like themselves. Therefore, the likelihood that you will be left without orders is very small.

Related business areas for the production of paving stones

— What types of activities will you most likely have to engage in besides the production of paving slabs?

Planning own business for the production of paving slabs, it is necessary to take into account the multi-vector nature of this type entrepreneurial activity. All other directions are also related to construction work, they can be considered interdependent. Among the most likely activities are:

Providing services for laying paving slabs.

You can hire a team or do it yourself with your employees, it all depends on the volume of incoming orders for the first initial stage. It should be noted that There is no point in abandoning the development of this direction in no case.

• Firstly, you will simply lose profits.
• Secondly, downtime is possible due to technological features production of paving stones, and in order not to incur losses because of them, it is necessary to insure yourself.
• Thirdly, customers of small volumes of products prefer to deal with those who provide a full range of services.

Production of related products

The technological base and available equipment allow us to establish not only the production of paving slabs, but also curbs, gutters, facing stones and fences. All these products are in demand in construction. Considering that the ennoblement adjacent areas in the private sector has been in full swing in recent years, you can make very good money on it. As in the case of laying paving stones, it is a good idea to engage not only in the manufacture of the above listed products, but also in the cladding of building facades, as well as the installation of European fences.

Ways to promote products

— What steps should you take to study the market?

All the rosy prospects described may remain in dreams if small steps are not carried out. marketing research. Yes, even for such a small business they are necessary, since their results determine, first of all, the size of your investment and the guarantee that it will not be in vain.

This event is not anything extremely complicated, but spend time on study of potential demand and calculation of market capacity will have to be done. There is no need to hire anyone for these purposes, nor do you need to pay for an abstruse analysis of the construction market. It is enough to independently study the information about the volume of sales and production of paving slabs in your region to understand whether it makes sense to do this, and what the start should be.

— How to properly search for clients at the initial stage?

Successful search for clients at the initial stage can be considered no less important than the availability of your own start-up capital. Perhaps the first point is even more important than the second. The specificity of this type of business is such that in order to attract customers it may be necessary to the most effective and efficient simple ways .

Posting notices in public places

Modest announcements with a proposal for the production and laying of paving slabs can provide you big amount customers than expensive advertising. Naturally, the place where you leave them plays a huge role. Much more valuable in this sense are places where people living in the private sector gather: shops, bus stops, railway stations of country and suburban villages. Most likely, this is where your first clients will be found, even if the initial volumes will be small, but, as they say: from the world one by one...

Free advertising on Internet bulletin boards

However, it should not be ignored modern methods informing the population of your region about the services you provide. Weekly newspapers with advertisements have been replaced by advertising and information sites. By resorting to their help, you can reach a large audience, and also, which is very important, provide maximum information about your enterprise.

Examples of advertisements on the Internet sale and production of paving slabs:

What is important is that Internet technologies allow people who see your proposal to familiarize themselves not only with the textual content, but also look at photographs of previously completed work. Such visualization does its job, since the saying is better to see once than to hear a hundred times for a reason - this is consumer psychology. It will be great if the images are yours best works will reinforce a good “catchy” text.

Booklets with examples of work

It also doesn’t hurt to order a batch of printed products. Booklets will not ruin you, a batch of 3000 pieces will cost about 4000-5000 rubles. Even if 3 people contact you, the costs of printing and distributing them will more than pay off.

Examples of booklets with paving slabs for clients

True, you need to be able to present yourself in a favorable light and convince the reader to call you. In this case, you can use the well-founded fears regarding the relatively short service life of the tiles. After all, each of us has repeatedly seen crumbling paving stones; all customers are afraid that the same thing will happen to their coating.

Such fears can be used to your advantage. In fact, a considerable percentage of paving slabs become unusable not because of poor quality, but due to improper care. Provide people with comprehensive information about this problem in your brochures and offer your company's help to solve it. This move will help you increase the number of orders.

Technology

— At the initial stage of business to Which tile production technology should you choose and why?

Clinker tiles

There are several basic technologies according to which tiles are produced. The highest quality and most expensive is clinker paving stones, which is made by firing high-quality clay. Despite all the excellent quality characteristics, demand for it is limited due to high price, which is dictated by the high cost of production of this type of product.

Appearance clinker paving stones

In addition, difficulties may arise with the uninterrupted supply of raw materials. In addition, there is a psychological factor: not every client is ready to overpay, even for a very high-quality and durable coating, preferring a more modest option. This mental peculiarity of fellow citizens is caused by uncertainty about the future; too few people are ready to invest in long-term projects, and this applies to both business and any other projects.

Based on the above, we can identify three main reasons why a novice entrepreneur with limited start-up capital You shouldn’t immediately start mastering the production of clinker raw materials :

1. Expensive equipment and raw materials.
2. The need to obtain additional permits for firing products in furnaces.
3. Limited number of customers - even if someone decides to purchase clinker paving stones, it is unlikely that they will trust a manufacturer without a name and reputation.

Paving slabs can also be produced by:

• Vibrocasting with the addition of plasticizing and pigmenting additives (read more about the technology for producing paving slabs using the vibration casting method);
• Vibrocompression hard cement-sand mixtures with low water content.

Appearance of paving slabs made using vibro-casting technology

These methods make it possible to organize the production of small and medium-sized batches of concrete tiles with low porosity. Although this product is inferior in its aesthetic and quality characteristics to clinker paving stones, it is quite in demand in the construction market.

It should not be considered an inferior product, which does not meet operational standards. If you follow technologies at each stage of the production cycle, you will be able to provide customers with paving slabs and related products at an affordable price, the service life of which is at least 25 years. This ratio of price, quality and durability suits most customers, which is why small businesses choose these technologies. Moreover, in the vast majority of cases, preference is given to the casting method, since it is believed that it allows one to achieve higher quality tiles at the lowest cost.

Premises requirements

— What factors are involved in choosing the right one? production premises?

Temperature

This process is based on the gradual hardening of a porous cement-sand mixture with special additives. First, this happens in molding containers, and then the paving stones and other products reach their condition on pallets. It should be taken into account that temperature in the workshop for tile production should not fall below +15 °C, therefore the room must be heated. Despite the seasonal nature of the work at the initial stage, you must take into account the prospects for the development and expansion of the business, when in winter the necessary supplies are prepared for intensive work on laying tiles and facing the facades of buildings in the spring-autumn period.

Production area

Room area must be at least 60 square meters, and this is only minimum required- the more spacious the workshop, the better. But still, when choosing, first of all, profitability should be taken into account. If you are going to rent a room, then paying rent and heating for empty space in the hope of further development is not practical. You need to be completely confident in a rapid and significant increase in orders. In all other cases, it is recommended to make do with the necessary minimum space required for manufacturing, drying, and storing finished products and raw materials.

Communications

Since this production is based on vibration casting technology, it requires continuous feed a considerable amount of water. Therefore, the presence of communications capable of providing your workshop with it in the required volumes is prerequisite. It is also necessary three-phase power supply. The factor of manual loading and unloading of raw materials and finished products must be taken into account. Many people start their business this way, so you need to try to choose a room so that this process is as easy as possible.

Equipment

In order to start making paving slabs, you don’t need any overly complex equipment. Equipment for the production of paving slabs. Moreover, you can either make almost everything you need yourself or order it from local Kulibins. This feature makes this business even more attractive and cost-effective. The scale of such savings in comparison with factory products can be understood by analyzing the list of all devices:

The items presented in paragraphs 6-11 can be made independently. For their production, used metal is used, which significantly reduces their cost, and all other components can be purchased at a much lower price. In addition, ordering equipment from private individuals eliminates a whole string of trade and transport surcharges, which allows you to minimize your costs. To get acquainted with the price of everything, visit the selection of equipment for the production of tiles using the vibration casting method.

Pallets (pallets) are also made independently: there should not be any special problems with wood anywhere in Russia. Naturally, for of this equipment It is quite difficult to name even approximate prices, since there are too many individual characteristics and special cases.

Purchase of raw materials

— What are the features of purchasing material and choosing a supplier?

Strict and strict adherence to the proportions of the composition of the initial mixture and the technological process is the key to the production of high-quality, durable products. The success of all your endeavors primarily depends on these factors. For making paving stones it is necessary to use such starting materials:

• cement;
• sand;
• granite crushed stone fraction 5-10 mm;
• plasticizer C-3;
• air-entraining SNV additive;
• pigment.

In principle, it is simply unrealistic to give any specific recommendations regarding mutually beneficial cooperation with suppliers. All issues are resolved locally during the first months of work. It is advisable to achieve from trade organizations regardless of a flexible form of payment, but this becomes possible only after some time; no one will immediately provide discounts and the possibility of deferring some of the payments to a beginning entrepreneur, at least this happens in the vast majority of cases.

When purchasing materials, preference should be given to the same manufacturers, this is especially important when completing a large order. Change trademark any of the components can lead to a change in the color of the tiles, which can lead to all sorts of problems and losses.

Manufacturing process

— What are the main stages of the paving slab manufacturing process?

Since this material is not intended to teach anyone a new craft, detailed description technology is of no use here. Moreover, there are different techniques and secrets that you will need to independently comprehend from the very minute you make the final decision regarding the type of your business activity. However, it is still worth highlighting the main stages of the production cycle so that an interested person can understand what we are talking about and whether he is capable of running such a business. Production of paving slabs using vibration casting method happens as follows:

1. A cement-sand mixture is prepared in concrete mixers;
2. The finished composition is laid out in forms on a vibrating table;
3. The mixture in the molds is given the required density on a vibrating table;
4. Forms with compacted composition are put on racks, covered with PVC film and kept for 24 hours;
5. The molds with the frozen mixture are heated in a bath of warm water;
6. The products are being stripped;
7. Paving slabs are laid on pallets, where they are kept for a certain period until they are completely ready.

Packaging, storage and transportation of finished products

As noted just now, the distribution of paving stones to clients and their installation may not be carried out immediately. In summer, products acquire the necessary characteristics within a week, and in winter period- after 28 days. After stripping, the tiles are stacked on pallets in the “front - back” sequence, wrapped with stretch film and reinforced with PP fastening tape.

It is clear that moving such a mass without the use of rigging equipment is simply unrealistic; for these purposes, they are used rokly. In addition, it is important to properly arrange the loading area. Removing finished products from the workshop area by manually transferring paving slabs into the back of a truck is very time-consuming and labor-intensive. Therefore, this final stage of the production cycle should be carefully considered.

Development prospects

Having mastered all the intricacies of production and earned a reputation, you can think about expanding capacities, as well as the types of services provided. At the beginning of the article it was already mentioned what you can do at the same time, making tiles for sidewalks. In addition, you will be contacted with other questions and requests regarding the improvement of local areas and the construction different types buildings

To make your business more profitable and withstand competition, sooner or later you will need to purchase more advanced equipment that will increase your capabilities. Such possible acquisitions include:

• A high-performance conveyor-type installation for the production of tiles and building blocks using the vibration pressing method.

Despite the significant costs when compared with initial costs, the mentioned acquisitions are much more profitable for business in all respects than attracting additional work force and expansion of production according to the original model. At this stage you need to think strategically, and if you are not ready for this, then someone will definitely get ahead of you.

The construction segment today is second only to the telecommunications sector in terms of the level of implementation of new technologies. Literally every day they talk about “new breakthroughs” and the emergence of new “unique” technologies. Such activity does not always correspond to real needs and, even more so, to real market opportunities. Practice shows that good old technologies not only remain in demand, but also provide excellent chances to start your own business with small investments. The realities of small business in 2015 show rather illusory prospects for the construction market, but the question remains, what should construction teams do, how to look for an alternative to make money?

The answer can be found in related areas, in optimizing the business itself. As one of the alternatives (in truth, the option is good for organizing a new business), you can consider organizing the production of paving slabs using the vibration casting method.

How much does it cost to produce paving slabs?

The level of depreciation of fixed assets is not just high, but very high, this applies to all aspects, including sidewalks. If we talk about the roadways, those same roads, the situation is no better; this issue belongs to the sphere of interests of the “big” bosses, as a result they are, at the very least, repaired. The situation is completely different with sidewalks; no money is allocated for them; the specifics of their repair do not allow for much acceleration. From practice, I can say for sure that 3-4 times more can be “appropriated” from one square meter of road. Most sidewalk repairs in cities, small towns, and private households are left to small businesses. What does this mean in practice?

At organizing a full cycle from production to laying paving slabs, the business receives significant benefits in the form of:

• - flexible pricing policy. The final price of the finished product will not include the price of an intermediary (as in retail sales– 20-50%, cost of foreman’s services – 20-30%). In fact, this means that tiles can be laid at a 50% discount without losing average profitability.
• - individual approach to the client. Selection of shape, color, may be taken into account individual characteristics plot.
• - full range of services. Considering that for the mini workshop itself, raw materials (screenings, cement) will be purchased according to wholesale prices from established suppliers, then de facto the client pays and actually receives everything at once at the best price.

By and large, it is this complex option that makes it possible to talk about the business of producing paving slabs as an option for construction crews to repurpose.

Do not forget about the profitability of the business, two main points:

• - the production of sidewalk tiles has a profitability of 40-50% for wholesale sales and about 80-90% for retail sales;
• - using the same equipment (except for molds) you can produce very wide range products, not just tiles.
• - profit from laying sidewalks also reaches 50%.

In total, due to the full cycle, it is possible to achieve about 100% profitability, and due to the wide range of products, “smooth out” seasonal fluctuations in demand.

For example, for the period of the “winter season” we can repurpose ourselves into the production of concrete countertops and figures.

Technologies for the production of paving slabs

If we consider the market as a whole, we can distinguish three main technologies:

1. Clinker tiles.
2. Vibrocasting
3. Vibropressing

Relatively clinker tiles, one thing can be said, expensive. Moreover, in all other respects, high-quality clinker products are better. Such products are made from clay and then fired at high temperatures. Such production is expensive to organize and requires special permits and high-quality raw materials. Ultimately it turns out to be expensive, this technology goes into the field big business. In terms of their technology, they also have a lot of nuances, ranging from the availability of really high-quality raw materials (not all clay is suitable) to the need to maintain a constant technological cycle. Recently, a friend’s “lights” were turned off for a couple of hours, and then they spent a week “picking out” the frozen clay.

One more The manufacturing technology for paving slabs is vibration compaction. The method is undoubtedly good and has its advantages:

• - firstly, the possibility of widespread use of automatic processes. If you have money and desire, about 90% of all processes are done by automatic machines.
• - secondly, higher wear-resistant performance.

There is a downside though:

• -expensive equipment. Such a workshop cannot be called small; its organization will require quite a lot of money, as a result, it is necessary to immediately aim for large sales volumes.
• - the cost of such products is higher than that of tiles made by vibration casting.
• - higher stability shows itself effectively only in cases of intense loads. For example, if you use tiles as paving stones on a road with heavy traffic (cars) or a very large flow of people.

Vibration casting - in this version of the production of paving slabs we're talking about about traditional casting using a vibrating table, this option is suitable for home business. The technology itself simply does not require any additional, much less special, equipment other than the table itself. In fact, the procedure is a chain:

Concrete (cement-sand mixture) is prepared in concrete mixers, consisting of:

• cement;
• sand;
• granite crushed stone fraction 5-10 mm;
• plasticizer C-3;
• air-entraining SNV additive;
• pigment.

Ready concrete is laid out into molds on a vibrating table;

The mixture in the molds is given the required density on a vibrating table;

The forms with the solution are put on racks, covered with PVC film and kept for 24 hours;

The molds with the frozen mixture are heated in a bath of warm water;

The products are being stripped;

The tiles are laid on pallets, where they are kept for a certain period until they are completely ready.

pros

• - low cost of the finished product;
• - small starting investments;
• - maximum business flexibility. Products can be made in small batches of any shape and color.

Minuses

• - high level manual labor;
• - strict linkage of production volume to the workshop area.

What equipment and premises are needed?

The total area for a small workshop should be about 60 square meters, plus rooms for final drying of paving slabs. The main condition is:

• - availability of electricity and water.
• - heating. To obtain a strong product, it is necessary to comply with the drying conditions; in cold periods, you need to “raise” the temperature, and in hot periods, lower it. Drying too quickly leads to loss of quality.

Among the equipment it is necessary to highlight

Concrete mixer - about 20,000 rubles.

Forms for pouring tiles. It must be emphasized that today there are four variations of forms on the market:

Metal forms. The most expensive, one of the advantages is the possibility of long-term use, and the disadvantage is the cost.

Rubber, can be used up to 500 cycles.

Plastic – 250 cycles

Polyurethane – up to 100 production cycles.

Which forms to buy is a rhetorical question; practice shows that when choosing forms you must be guided by one principle - rationality. Expensive, more durable rubber or metal molds will work for popular molds. But when making non-standard or one-time orders, it is worth buying cheap and short-lived plastic or polyurethane.

Vibrating table. Its cost largely depends on the size, quality, and supplier. By and large, you can make it yourself.

Table for stripping. Simply an irreplaceable thing and assistant, especially in conditions of seasonal intensity.

Bath for washing molds. After making the tiles, all molds must be thoroughly cleaned; a “dirty” mold is almost 100% defective.

Rokla hydraulic. Also, at first glance, it is a rather unnecessary thing, but when working with working volumes of tiles, its transportation and transportation without a roller is a tedious, labor-intensive process of palletizing.

and activities

Calculate real cost Without having specifics about the region, the availability of a raw material base is very difficult, one might even say unrealistic. On average in the market, the level of profitability of production is about 30-45%, while it fluctuates significantly depending on the remoteness of the resource base, this is due to the presence of cement factories, granite and sand quarries. The closer, the cheaper the raw materials, the higher the level of profitability. One of the most significant factors for a small mini paving slab workshop is low dependence on fixed costs, which allows you to very quickly “freeze” production and start it up just as quickly, without using significant financial resources.

Advertising and sales of finished products

Very often, small businesses (especially if the business is classified as a home business) do not attach much importance to advertising and beautiful presentation of your product, this is perhaps one of the most common mistakes, as a result of low sales volumes at the beginning of the project. Subsequently, “popular rumor” and “word of mouth” do their job, but this happens later. I would advise you to take product advertising seriously and suggest the following options:

• - first. Preparation of bright advertising brochures. Moreover, the booklets should contain high quality photos, big choice various shapes (it can be taken from sites selling ready-made forms for paving slabs) and colors. The fact is that even for a small order you can always save money and buy cheap molds made of plastic or polyurethane. Plus, the cost of several thousand advertising brochures will not be that expensive. When distributing brochures, the main thing is to choose the right place and contingent.
• - second. Advertising in newspapers is required, especially since you will have the opportunity to lay tiles. For a small paving slab workshop, you can rent a large banner; again, the main thing is to choose the right location.

Alternative and related activities

Small-scale production of paving slabs has another significant advantage, this is the ability to expand the range of products and services offered, in particular:

• - tile laying services.
• - production of fences, curbs, gutters.
• - using almost the same set of equipment you can make concrete garden figures or kitchen countertops, window sills, and even fountains.
• - a minor modernization and you can start producing cinder blocks, and if you have money, then foam concrete (you need to buy a high-speed concrete mixer).

The list can be continued; today there are great amount concrete products, most of which can be produced at home, including paving slabs and paving stones.

Video example of making paving slabs with your own hands

DIY paving slabs

We organize a small mini workshop with our own hands for the production of paving slabs

In this article:

Starting the production of paving slabs (paving stones) is much easier than, for example, setting up production food products or clothes. Why? Yes, because to open such a business you will not need any special licenses. You simply open a private enterprise - and go ahead.

In fact, you don’t even need to be too meticulous about paving slab production technology. You can open such a business without having any skills in construction or related fields.

Production of paving slabs: business plan

Step 1: Certification

Finished products of such production do not require mandatory certification. However, it is worth pursuing certification. Buyers will be more willing to purchase a product that meets high standards quality and has a certificate confirming this. Fortunately, the necessary expertise won't cost too much: 100-300 dollars.

Step 2: Room

Any room, for example, a warehouse or production area, is suitable for a workshop. It is best if your production is located in an industrial zone and has convenient access routes. The main condition is that the premises are located near cheap raw material bases (this way you will save on the delivery of raw materials, such as concrete).

Other characteristics of the room:

• The area of ​​the premises for small production of paving slabs (up to 100 m2 of tiles per shift) should be at least 70-80 m2. The larger the production volumes, the larger the area should be;
• An electrical network with a voltage of 380 W must be supplied;
• Cold water is supplied (it is also desirable to have hot water);
• It is desirable that the workshop be heated.

You will also need a separate heated room with heated floors, in which the temperature will be maintained at 40-45° all year round. Its dimensions must be no less than the workshop space. This room should be reserved for drying chamber, as well as a warehouse.

Total monthly rental cost for all premises: 500-1000 dollars per month.

Step 3: Equipment

The description of the technology is quite comprehensive, so it is included in a separate chapter.

Equipment

Cheap manual equipment will cost many times less. However, when purchasing such equipment, you will have to put up with a number of restrictions:

• Mostly manual labor;
• Low quality of products;
• Small production volumes;
• Low energy efficiency of equipment.

More expensive analogues (both domestic and foreign) are almost always automated and guarantee the production of high quality products. They also allow you to increase labor productivity, provide low energy consumption and a number of other advantages.

There are 2 most common technologies for the production of paving slabs and paving stones:

• Vibration pressing;
• Vibrocasting.

The use of each of these technologies will require the purchase of a different set of equipment. Moreover, each method is characterized by several levels of mechanization - from fully automated production to the involvement of workers to perform most manipulations. Let's look at each method in more detail.

Vibration pressing

This method uses a brick press to produce paving slabs. This happens as follows:

• Using a mixer, the concrete mixture is prepared;
• The finished mixture is fed from the mixer to the brick making press using a conveyor;
• A brick press compresses the mixture, forming finished products - tile blocks;
• Next, the finished products are moved to special pallets or storage racks, where they are aged for 12 hours;
• Finished products are packaged and prepared for shipment to the buyer.

Often all these procedures are performed by one single unit. It is a fully automated conveyor type line. In this case, workers only need to add the correct proportions of the ingredients necessary to mix the mixture.

There are also less automated lines where some stages of production are performed by people. They usually cost less than their fully automated counterparts, but product quality may suffer from such savings. Advantages of vibrocompression:

• This method implies high labor productivity;
• Products obtained by this method are more durable and frost-resistant;
• They are designed in strict geometry;
• Such products are more durable.

Vibrocasting

In fact, with this method the only type of equipment is a vibrating table for the production of paving slabs. It can be an automated line with a conveyor and automatic knockout of finished products, or it can be very simple and inexpensive. Using this method, tiles are made as follows:

• The finished mixture is poured into molds for the production of paving slabs;
• Next, the forms are placed on a vibrating table;
• A vibrating table is a special machine for the production of paving slabs. It has a vibrating surface, and forms are kept on it for a certain time;
• The forms are removed from the vibrating table and left in a warm room for 12 hours;
• Finished products are knocked out of pouring molds. This is done in such a way that the products do not come out with chips.

This technology can also be highly automated, but options are also possible when all procedures except vibration processing are performed by workers. In this case, you are essentially producing paving slabs with your own hands.

Equipment for vibrocasting is cheaper than for vibrocompression. Products obtained by this method can be of various configurations and sizes - it all depends on the casting molds. It has a smoother surface and an attractive appearance.

Otherwise, the products obtained by this method are inferior in quality to their pressed counterparts (see “Advantages of vibration compaction”). In terms of price, the production of paving slabs by vibration casting is slightly more expensive than by vibrocompression. This happens due to the fact that concrete is consumed less economically.

The approximate cost of the equipment will be 3,000-10,000 dollars. With both vibration casting and vibration extrusion, you only need 3-5 workers to start production. However, they do not need any special skills or education. Monthly salary fund: 1,000-2,000 dollars.

Total starting capital: $5,000-14,000.

Alternative option

What is the fastest way to start producing paving slabs? It is known that it takes several months to launch such a business from scratch. In addition, you can often make a mistake at first due to inexperience. That is why you can buy the production of paving slabs. It is worth noting that the purchase is justified only if the purchased enterprise has a large production facility.

Let's consider the advantages and disadvantages of such a purchase. Let's start with advantages:

• You can start working right away. Production (and often sales) of products are already well established. You can immediately begin to implement all your fresh and bright ideas for improving your business;
• You don’t need to look for premises and equipment, everything is already done for you;
• Experienced staff. When you buy a business, you also buy the services of all its employees. You will almost certainly have to part with some of them, but there are also those who will help you quickly get used to it and understand the essence of this business.

Minuses:

• High price. Buying a business costs much more than starting the production and sale of paving slabs from scratch. In fact, you are overpaying for so-called “goodwill”. This English word refers to everything that cannot be measured in meters, kilograms or pieces. However, it includes everything that is critical for business - an established team, well-established relationships with suppliers and customers, a recognizable brand, etc. “Goodwill” cannot be measured, but it has its own price, which can often be higher than the price of all assets of the purchased production;
• Underwater rocks. Have you ever thought why the current owner decided to sell his successful business? It happens that the reason lies in production problems that may not be obvious to an outsider. It turns out that you buy a company only to discover that even more serious investments are required to correct the situation;
• You can buy a plant for the production of paving slabs and understand that everything there is not organized as it should be organized in a good way. Low labor productivity, poor quality products, too high costs - all this most often depends on incorrect management decisions. Correcting the situation can be very expensive. In the worst case, you'll just have to close it. old factory and start all over again.

These are just a few obvious disadvantages that lie on the surface. If you know nothing about the production of paving slabs and have no experience in this field, you should be very careful about the possibility of purchasing a company.

That's probably all you need to know about the production of paving slabs. As you can see, there is nothing complicated about this, and your own small production will not require colossal investments. If things get going, it might be wise to expand production. At the initial stage, you just need to trust your instincts and try your hand at business.

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